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Ascher, John S., Soh, Zestin W. W., Chui, Shao Xiong, Soh, Eunice J. Y., Ho, Benjamin M., Lee, John X. Q., Gajanur, Anya R., Ong, Xin Rui (2022): The bees of Singapore (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila): First comprehensive country checklist and conservation assessment for a Southeast Asian bee fauna. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 70: 39-64, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2022-0004

Table S1. List of major sites surveyed for bees and their habitat classification.

Supplementary Information for an articlesubmitted to Raffles Bulletin of Zoology: The bees of Singapore (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila): First comprehensive country checklist and conservation assessment for a Southeast Asian bee fauna

Additional file 1. Additional figures on recruitment flowchart and monthly nosocomial infection rates; Data collection form.

Major epidemics, including some that qualify as pandemics, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), HIV, influenza A (H1N1)pdm/09 and most recently COVID-19, affect the lung. Tuberculosis (TB) remains the top infectious disease killer, but apart from syndemic TB/HIV little is known regarding the interaction of viral epidemics and pandemics with TB. The aim of this consensus-based document is to describe the effects of viral infections resulting in epidemics and pandemics that affect the lung (MERS, SARS, HIV, influenza A (H1N1)pdm/09 and COVID-19) and their interactions with TB. A search of the scientific literature was performed. A writing committee of international experts including the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Public Health Emergency (ECDC PHE) team, the World Association for Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders (WAidid), the Global Tuberculosis Network (GTN), and members of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Mycobacterial Infections (ESGMYC) was established. Consensus was achieved after multiple rounds of revisions between the writing committee and a larger expert group. A Delphi process involving the core group of authors (excluding the ECDC PHE team) identified the areas requiring review/consensus, followed by a second round to refine the definitive consensus elements. The epidemiology and immunology of these viral infections and their interactions with TB are discussed with implications for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of airborne infections (infection control, viral containment and workplace safety). This consensus document represents a rapid and comprehensive summary on what is known on the topic.

In recent years, the notion of corporate social responsibility (CSR) for organizations has grown in importance. While consumers are generally supportive of socially responsible behaviour, there is little systemic research on how organizations enforce CSR and the different consequences of CSR behaviour. Moreover, there have yet been any prominent studies or theoretical frameworks examining the relationship between CSR and corporate image (Murray & Vogel, 1997; Wartick 2002). The study examines this relationship by first collecting qualitative insights from practitioners to identify the salience of CSR behaviour among other contributors of a good corporate image. The qualitative study elucidates current CSR perspectives from the industry (Blum-Kusterer and Hussain, 2001) and its findings were distilled into a socially responsible image (SRI) framework. The SRI framework focuses on an organization’s corporate ability (CA), CSR and endorsement in influencing stakeholders’ perceptual, image, behavioural and relational evaluations of the organization. Thereafter, the veracity of the SRI framework is further examined using an experiment design. The quantitative study found that CA, CSR and endorsement have strong but differentiated direct effects on stakeholder evaluations of the organization. In particular CSR is a strong driver of perceptual and image outcomes related to an organization’s social responsibility. The findings revealed several two-way interaction effects between CSR and endorsement, CA and CSR and lastly CA and endorsement. The effects of endorsement were most pronounced when CSR levels are low. In addition, stakeholders have higher CSR expectations of organizations with high CA. Conversely, high CSR levels and endorsement could help an organization compensate for its low CA. The study also found that endorsements could potentially hurt an organization with high CA due to the possible negative attributions from stakeholders. The study calls for better communication of CSR behaviour and endorsement especially for organizations with high CA. ​Master of Communication Studies

The rise of China as a major player in international politics ranks as one of the defining features of 21st century global politics. China’s rise however has been met with considerable suspicion among many political watchers who view Beijing’s growing influence with suspicion, especially concerning China’s long-term intentions within the Asia-Pacific region. China has clearly moved from a position of passivity to a more active one, as its national interests become increasingly globalized. Furthermore, China is clearly eager to present its credentials to the international community and is determined to be taken as a major global stakeholder. This paper will argue that China enthusiasm to demonstrate its international influence now takes the form of a rising chorus echoing China’s claim to exceptionalism in world affairs. Unlike American exceptionalism, the Chinese version is not done in order to remake the world in its own image, but to (i) assert greater influence on the world stage; (ii) consolidate its widening orbit of interests and to ensure its ongoing prosperity; and (iii) present itself as a moral (credible) stakeholder of the global community.

The S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS) was established in January 2007 as an autonomous School within the Nanyang Technological University. Known earlier as the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies when it was established in July 1996, RSIS’ mission is to be a leading research and graduate teaching institution in strategic and international affairs in the Asia Pacific. To accomplish this mission, it will: • Provide a rigorous professional graduate education with a strong practical emphasis, • Conduct policy-relevant research in defence, national security, international relations, strategic studies and diplomacy, • Foster a global network of like-minded professional schools.

44 p. This paper focuses on how religious ideas are being understood, codified and expressed within the foreign policy tenets of Singapore, given the secular-realist framework in place. In order to uncover the religious nuances, a discourse analysis of the speeches and writings of three key foreign policy makers is done. The paper uncovered several basic themes in the construction of Singapore's foreign policy that are congruent with religious imaginings: the sense of transcendence, the impartation of moral attributes where normative standards held on to, and the importance of relating with the larger international community. These findings suggest the presence of quasi-religious ideas in place and demonstrates the ongoing saliency of religion -even in secular government. Master of Science (International Relations)

Our previous work showed that 6 weeks after cutaneous irradiation, mice null (knockout, KO) for Smad3, a cytoplasmic downstream mediator of transforming growth factor-beta, demonstrate less epidermal acanthosis and dermal inflammation than wild-type (WT) Smad3 mice. Analysis of the kinetics of inflammation showed that 6 to 8 hours after skin irradiation, there was a transient sevenfold increase in neutrophil influx in Smad3 KO mice compared with WT. Herein we describe bone marrow transplantation and skin grafting between WT and KO mice to assess the contribution of the neutrophil genotype compared with that of irradiated skin to the induction of neutrophil migration after irradiation. Results from bone marrow transplantation showed that WT marrow transplanted into KO mice enhanced neutrophil migration 6 to 8 hours after irradiation by 3.2-fold compared with KO marrow in WT mice. KO skin grafted onto either WT or KO animals showed a sixfold elevation of neutrophils after irradiation compared with grafted WT skin. These results suggest that the genotype of the irradiated skin, rather than the inflammatory cell, controls neutrophil influx. Circulating neutrophils, increased in WT mice after injection of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, resulted in increased neutrophil migration to the skin 6 to 8 hours after irradiation and less skin damage 6 weeks after irradiation compared with untreated WT mice. Thus, early responses, including enhanced neutrophil influx, appear to contribute to subsequent cutaneous radioprotection.