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1. A Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Validated by Clinician Ratings

Author

Klonoff, David C, Wang, Jing, Rodbard, David, Kohn, Michael A, Li, Chengdong, Liepmann, Dorian, Kerr, David, Ahn, David, Peters, Anne L, Umpierrez, Guillermo E, Seley, Jane Jeffrie, Xu, Nicole Y, Nguyen, Kevin T, Simonson, Gregg, Agus, Michael SD, Al-Sofiani, Mohammed E, Armaiz-Pena, Gustavo, Bailey, Timothy S, Basu, Ananda, Battelino, Tadej, Bekele, Sewagegn Yeshiwas, Benhamou, Pierre-Yves, Bequette, B Wayne, Blevins, Thomas, Breton, Marc D, Castle, Jessica R, Chase, James Geoffrey, Chen, Kong Y, Choudhary, Pratik, Clements, Mark A, Close, Kelly L, Cook, Curtiss B, Danne, Thomas, Doyle, Francis J, Drincic, Angela, Dungan, Kathleen M, Edelman, Steven V, Ejskjaer, Niels, Espinoza, Juan C, Fleming, G Alexander, Forlenza, Gregory P, Freckmann, Guido, Galindo, Rodolfo J, Gomez, Ana Maria, Gutow, Hanna A, Heinemann, Lutz, Hirsch, Irl B, Hoang, Thanh D, Hovorka, Roman, Jendle, Johan H, Ji, Linong, Joshi, Shashank R, Joubert, Michael, Koliwad, Suneil K, Lal, Rayhan A, Lansang, M Cecilia, Lee, Wei-An, Leelarathna, Lalantha, Leiter, Lawrence A, Lind, Marcus, Litchman, Michelle L, Mader, Julia K, Mahoney, Katherine M, Mankovsky, Boris, Masharani, Umesh, Mathioudakis, Nestoras N, Mayorov, Alexander, Messler, Jordan, Miller, Joshua D, Mohan, Viswanathan, Nichols, James H, Nørgaard, Kirsten, O’Neal, David N, Pasquel, Francisco J, Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, Pieber, Thomas, Phillip, Moshe, Polonsky, William H, Pop-Busui, Rodica, Rayman, Gerry, Rhee, Eun-Jung, Russell, Steven J, Shah, Viral N, Sherr, Jennifer L, Sode, Koji, Spanakis, Elias K, Wake, Deborah J, Waki, Kayo, Wallia, Amisha, Weinberg, Melissa E, Wolpert, Howard, Wright, Eugene E, Zilbermint, Mihail, and Kovatchev, Boris

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Diabetes, Adult, Humans, Blood Glucose, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Hypoglycemia, Hyperglycemia, Glucose, ambulatory glucose profile, composite metric, continuous glucose monitor, diabetes, glycemia risk index, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, time in range, Nutrition and dietetics
Abstract

BackgroundA composite metric for the quality of glycemia from continuous glucose monitor (CGM) tracings could be useful for assisting with basic clinical interpretation of CGM data.MethodsWe assembled a data set of 14-day CGM tracings from 225 insulin-treated adults with diabetes. Using a balanced incomplete block design, 330 clinicians who were highly experienced with CGM analysis and interpretation ranked the CGM tracings from best to worst quality of glycemia. We used principal component analysis and multiple regressions to develop a model to predict the clinician ranking based on seven standard metrics in an Ambulatory Glucose Profile: very low-glucose and low-glucose hypoglycemia; very high-glucose and high-glucose hyperglycemia; time in range; mean glucose; and coefficient of variation.ResultsThe analysis showed that clinician rankings depend on two components, one related to hypoglycemia that gives more weight to very low-glucose than to low-glucose and the other related to hyperglycemia that likewise gives greater weight to very high-glucose than to high-glucose. These two components should be calculated and displayed separately, but they can also be combined into a single Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) that corresponds closely to the clinician rankings of the overall quality of glycemia (r = 0.95). The GRI can be displayed graphically on a GRI Grid with the hypoglycemia component on the horizontal axis and the hyperglycemia component on the vertical axis. Diagonal lines divide the graph into five zones (quintiles) corresponding to the best (0th to 20th percentile) to worst (81st to 100th percentile) overall quality of glycemia. The GRI Grid enables users to track sequential changes within an individual over time and compare groups of individuals.ConclusionThe GRI is a single-number summary of the quality of glycemia. Its hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia components provide actionable scores and a graphical display (the GRI Grid) that can be used by clinicians and researchers to determine the glycemic effects of prescribed and investigational treatments.

Published
2023

3. Second international consensus report on gaps and opportunities for the clinical translation of precision diabetes medicine

Author

Tobias, Deirdre K., Merino, Jordi, Ahmad, Abrar, Aiken, Catherine, Benham, Jamie L., Bodhini, Dhanasekaran, Clark, Amy L., Colclough, Kevin, Corcoy, Rosa, Cromer, Sara J., Duan, Daisy, Felton, Jamie L., Francis, Ellen C., Gillard, Pieter, Gingras, Véronique, Gaillard, Romy, Haider, Eram, Hughes, Alice, Ikle, Jennifer M., Jacobsen, Laura M., Kahkoska, Anna R., Kettunen, Jarno L. T., Kreienkamp, Raymond J., Lim, Lee-Ling, Männistö, Jonna M. E., Massey, Robert, Mclennan, Niamh-Maire, Miller, Rachel G., Morieri, Mario Luca, Most, Jasper, Naylor, Rochelle N., Ozkan, Bige, Patel, Kashyap Amratlal, Pilla, Scott J., Prystupa, Katsiaryna, Raghavan, Sridharan, Rooney, Mary R., Schön, Martin, Semnani-Azad, Zhila, Sevilla-Gonzalez, Magdalena, Svalastoga, Pernille, Takele, Wubet Worku, Tam, Claudia Ha-ting, Thuesen, Anne Cathrine B., Tosur, Mustafa, Wallace, Amelia S., Wang, Caroline C., Wong, Jessie J., Yamamoto, Jennifer M., Young, Katherine, Amouyal, Chloé, Andersen, Mette K., Bonham, Maxine P., Chen, Mingling, Cheng, Feifei, Chikowore, Tinashe, Chivers, Sian C., Clemmensen, Christoffer, Dabelea, Dana, Dawed, Adem Y., Deutsch, Aaron J., Dickens, Laura T., DiMeglio, Linda A., Dudenhöffer-Pfeifer, Monika, Evans-Molina, Carmella, Fernández-Balsells, María Mercè, Fitipaldi, Hugo, Fitzpatrick, Stephanie L., Gitelman, Stephen E., Goodarzi, Mark O., Grieger, Jessica A., Guasch-Ferré, Marta, Habibi, Nahal, Hansen, Torben, Huang, Chuiguo, Harris-Kawano, Arianna, Ismail, Heba M., Hoag, Benjamin, Johnson, Randi K., Jones, Angus G., Koivula, Robert W., Leong, Aaron, Leung, Gloria K. W., Libman, Ingrid M., Liu, Kai, Long, S. Alice, Lowe, Jr, William L., Morton, Robert W., Motala, Ayesha A., Onengut-Gumuscu, Suna, Pankow, James S., Pathirana, Maleesa, Pazmino, Sofia, Perez, Dianna, Petrie, John R., Powe, Camille E., Quinteros, Alejandra, Jain, Rashmi, Ray, Debashree, Ried-Larsen, Mathias, Saeed, Zeb, Santhakumar, Vanessa, Kanbour, Sarah, Sarkar, Sudipa, Monaco, Gabriela S. F., Scholtens, Denise M., Selvin, Elizabeth, Sheu, Wayne Huey-Herng, Speake, Cate, Stanislawski, Maggie A., Steenackers, Nele, Steck, Andrea K., Stefan, Norbert, Støy, Julie, Taylor, Rachael, Tye, Sok Cin, Ukke, Gebresilasea Gendisha, Urazbayeva, Marzhan, Van der Schueren, Bart, Vatier, Camille, Wentworth, John M., Hannah, Wesley, White, Sara L., Yu, Gechang, Zhang, Yingchai, Zhou, Shao J., Beltrand, Jacques, Polak, Michel, Aukrust, Ingvild, de Franco, Elisa, Flanagan, Sarah E., Maloney, Kristin A., McGovern, Andrew, Molnes, Janne, Nakabuye, Mariam, Njølstad, Pål Rasmus, Pomares-Millan, Hugo, Provenzano, Michele, Saint-Martin, Cécile, Zhang, Cuilin, Zhu, Yeyi, Auh, Sungyoung, de Souza, Russell, Fawcett, Andrea J., Gruber, Chandra, Mekonnen, Eskedar Getie, Mixter, Emily, Sherifali, Diana, Eckel, Robert H., Nolan, John J., Philipson, Louis H., Brown, Rebecca J., Billings, Liana K., Boyle, Kristen, Costacou, Tina, Dennis, John M., Florez, Jose C., Gloyn, Anna L., Gomez, Maria F., Gottlieb, Peter A., Greeley, Siri Atma W., Griffin, Kurt, Hattersley, Andrew T., Hirsch, Irl B., Hivert, Marie-France, Hood, Korey K., Josefson, Jami L., Kwak, Soo Heon, Laffel, Lori M., Lim, Siew S., Loos, Ruth J. F., Ma, Ronald C. W., Mathieu, Chantal, Mathioudakis, Nestoras, Meigs, James B., Misra, Shivani, Mohan, Viswanathan, Murphy, Rinki, Oram, Richard, Owen, Katharine R., Ozanne, Susan E., Pearson, Ewan R., Perng, Wei, Pollin, Toni I., Pop-Busui, Rodica, Pratley, Richard E., Redman, Leanne M., Redondo, Maria J., Reynolds, Rebecca M., Semple, Robert K., Sherr, Jennifer L., Sims, Emily K., Sweeting, Arianne, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Udler, Miriam S., Vesco, Kimberly K., Vilsbøll, Tina, Wagner, Robert, Rich, Stephen S., and Franks, Paul W.

Published
2023
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4. Utility and precision evidence of technology in the treatment of type 1 diabetes: a systematic review

Author

Jacobsen, Laura M., Sherr, Jennifer L., Considine, Elizabeth, Chen, Angela, Peeling, Sarah M., Hulsmans, Margo, Charleer, Sara, Urazbayeva, Marzhan, Tosur, Mustafa, Alamarie, Selma, Redondo, Maria J., Hood, Korey K., Gottlieb, Peter A., Gillard, Pieter, Wong, Jessie J., Hirsch, Irl B., Pratley, Richard E., Laffel, Lori M., and Mathieu, Chantal

Published
2023
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5. Inequities in Diabetic Ketoacidosis Among Patients With Type 1 Diabetes and COVID-19: Data From 52 US Clinical Centers.

Author

Ebekozien, Osagie, Agarwal, Shivani, Noor, Nudrat, Albanese-O'Neill, Anastasia, Wong, Jenise C, Seeherunvong, Tossaporn, Sanchez, Janine, DeSalvo, Daniel, Lyons, Sarah K, Majidi, Shideh, Wood, Jamie R, Acharya, Runa, Aleppo, Grazia, Sumpter, Kathryn M, Cymbaluk, Anna, Shah, Nirali A, Van Name, Michelle, Cruz-Aviles, Lisa, Alonso, Guy Todd, Gallagher, Mary Pat, Sanda, Srinath, Feuer, Alexis Jamie, Cossen, Kristina, Rioles, Nicole, Jones, Nana-Hawa Yayah, Kamboj, Manmohan K, and Hirsch, Irl B

Subjects
Humans, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Prognosis, Prevalence, Cross-Sectional Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, African Americans, European Continental Ancestry Group, Hispanic Americans, United States, Female, Male, Health Status Disparities, Young Adult, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, DKA, inequities, type 1 diabetes, Inequities, Type 1 Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine
Abstract

ObjectiveWe examined whether diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a serious complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D) was more prevalent among Non-Hispanic (NH) Black and Hispanic patients with T1D and laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared with NH Whites.MethodThis is a cross-sectional study of patients with T1D and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from 52 clinical sites in the United States, data were collected from April to August 2020. We examined the distribution of patient factors and DKA events across NH White, NH Black, and Hispanic race/ethnicity groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the odds of DKA among NH Black and Hispanic patients with T1D as compared with NH White patients, adjusting for potential confounders, such as age, sex, insurance, and last glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level.ResultsWe included 180 patients with T1D and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in the analysis. Forty-four percent (n = 79) were NH White, 31% (n = 55) NH Black, 26% (n = 46) Hispanic. NH Blacks and Hispanics had higher median HbA1c than Whites (%-points [IQR]: 11.7 [4.7], P

Published
2021

10. Evaluation of Effects of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Physical Activity Habits and Blood Lipid Levels in Persons With Type 1 Diabetes Managed With MDI : An Analysis Based on the GOLD Randomized Trial (GOLD 8)

Author

Nyström, Thomas, Schwarz, Erik, Dahlqvist, Sofia, Wijkman, Magnus, Ekelund, Magnus, Holmer, Helen, Bolinder, Jan, Hellman, Jarl, Imberg, Henrik, Hirsch, Irl B., Lind, Marcus, Nyström, Thomas, Schwarz, Erik, Dahlqvist, Sofia, Wijkman, Magnus, Ekelund, Magnus, Holmer, Helen, Bolinder, Jan, Hellman, Jarl, Imberg, Henrik, Hirsch, Irl B., and Lind, Marcus

Abstract

Background: People with type 1 diabetes generally view it easier to exercise when having continuous information of the glucose levels. We evaluated whether patients with type 1 diabetes managed with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) exercised more after initiating continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and whether the improved glycemic control and well-being associated with CGM translates into improved blood lipids and markers of inflammation. Method: The GOLD trial was a randomized cross-over trial over 16 months where patients used either CGM or capillary self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) over six months, with a four-month wash-out period between the two treatment periods. We compared grade of physical activity, blood lipids, apolipoproteins, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels during CGM and SMBG. Results: There were 116 patients with information of physical activity estimated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) during both CGM and SMBG. No changes were found during CGM or SMBG, IPAQ scores 3305 versus 3878 (P = .16). In 136 participants with information of blood lipid levels with no change in lipid-lowering medication during the two treatment periods, HbA1c differed by 4.2 mmol/mol (NGSP 0.39%) between SMBG and CGM treatment (P < .001). No significant changes existed in low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B1, or hsCRP, during CGM and SMBG. Conclusion: Although many patients experience it easier to perform physical activity when monitoring glucose levels with CGM, it does not influence the amount of physical activity in persons with type 1 diabetes. Blood lipids, apolipoprotein, and hsCRP levels were similar during CGM and SMBG.

Published
2024
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11. Discordance between mean glucose and time in range in relation to HbA1c in individuals with type 1 diabetes: results from the GOLD and SILVER trials

Author

Isaksson, Sofia Sterner, Imberg, Henrik, Hirsch, Irl B., Schwarcz, Erik, Hellman, Jarl, Wijkman, Magnus, Bolinder, Jan, Nystrom, Thomas, Holmer, Helene, Hallstrom, Sara, Olafsdottir, Arndis F., Pekkari, Sofia, Polonsky, William, Lind, Marcus, Isaksson, Sofia Sterner, Imberg, Henrik, Hirsch, Irl B., Schwarcz, Erik, Hellman, Jarl, Wijkman, Magnus, Bolinder, Jan, Nystrom, Thomas, Holmer, Helene, Hallstrom, Sara, Olafsdottir, Arndis F., Pekkari, Sofia, Polonsky, William, and Lind, Marcus

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis Previous studies have shown that individuals with similar mean glucose levels (MG) or percentage of time in range (TIR) may have different HbA(1c) values. The aim of this study was to further elucidate how MG and TIR are associated with HbA(1c). Methods Data from the randomised clinical GOLD trial (n=144) and the follow-up SILVER trial (n=98) of adults with type 1 diabetes followed for 2.5 years were analysed. A total of 596 paired HbA(1c)/continuous glucose monitoring measurements were included. Linear mixed-effects models were used to account for intra-individual correlations in repeated-measures data. Results In the GOLD trial, the mean age of the participants (+/- SD) was 44 +/- 13 years, 63 (44%) were female, and the mean HbA(1c) (+/- SD) was 72 +/- 9.8 mmol/mol (8.7 +/- 0.9%). When correlating MG with HbA(1c), MG explained 63% of the variation in HbA(1c) (r=0.79, p<0.001). The variation in HbA(1c) explained by MG increased to 88% (r=0.94, p value for improvement of fit <0.001) when accounting for person-to-person variation in the MG-HbA(1c) relationship. Time below range (TBR; <3.9 mmol/l), time above range (TAR) level 2 (>13.9 mmol/l) and glycaemic variability had little or no effect on the association. For a given MG and TIR, the HbA(1c) of 10% of individuals deviated by >8 mmol/mol (0.8%) from their estimated HbA(1c) based on the overall association between MG and TIR with HbA(1c). TBR and TAR level 2 significantly influenced the association between TIR and HbA(1c). At a given TIR, each 1% increase in TBR was related to a 0.6 mmol/mol lower HbA(1c) (95% CI 0.4, 0.9; p<0.001), and each 2% increase in TAR level 2 was related to a 0.4 mmol/mol higher HbA(1c) (95% CI 0.1, 0.6; p=0.003). However, neither TIR, TBR nor TAR level 2 were significantly associated with HbA(1c) when accounting for MG. Conclusions/interpretation Inter-individual variations exist between MG and HbA(1c), as well as between TIR and, Funding Agencies|The Swedish State under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF-agreement

Published
2024
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13. Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring Among Participants in the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry

Author

Wong, Jenise C, Foster, Nicole C, Maahs, David M, Raghinaru, Dan, Bergenstal, Richard M, Ahmann, Andrew J, Peters, Anne L, Bode, Bruce W, Aleppo, Grazia, Hirsch, Irl B, Kleis, Lora, Chase, H Peter, DuBose, Stephanie N, Miller, Kellee M, Beck, Roy W, and Adi, Saleh

Subjects
Clinical Research, Diabetes, Prevention, Pediatric, Bioengineering, Autoimmune Disease, Metabolic and endocrine, Adolescent, Adult, Blood Glucose, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemia, Incidence, Insulin, Insulin Infusion Systems, Male, Monitoring, Ambulatory, Patient Education as Topic, Registries, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Young Adult, T1D Exchange Clinic Network
Abstract

ObjectiveTo assess the frequency of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device use, factors associated with its use, and the relationship of CGM with diabetes outcomes (HbA1c, severe hypoglycemia [SH], and diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA]).Research design and methodsSurvey questions related to CGM device use 1 year after enrollment in the T1D Exchange clinic registry were completed by 17,317 participants. Participants were defined as CGM users if they indicated using real-time CGM during the prior 30 days.ResultsNine percent of participants used CGM (6% of children

Published
2014

14. Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Report From an ADA Consensus Conference

Author

Tuttle, Katherine R, Bakris, George L, Bilous, Rudolf W, Chiang, Jane L, de Boer, Ian H, Goldstein-Fuchs, Jordi, Hirsch, Irl B, Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar, Narva, Andrew S, Navaneethan, Sankar D, Neumiller, Joshua J, Patel, Uptal D, Ratner, Robert E, Whaley-Connell, Adam T, and Molitch, Mark E

Subjects
Health Services, Clinical Research, Kidney Disease, Hypertension, Diabetes, Nutrition, Renal and urogenital, Metabolic and endocrine, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Clinical Trials as Topic, Comorbidity, Delivery of Health Care, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Nephropathies, Disease Management, Ethnicity, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Kidney Function Tests, Monitoring, Physiologic, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Prevalence, Risk Factors, diabetic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, glycemia, nutrition, medical home, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Urology & Nephrology
Abstract

The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus have grown significantly throughout the world, due primarily to the increase in type 2 diabetes. This overall increase in the number of people with diabetes has had a major impact on development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), one of the most frequent complications of both types of diabetes. DKD is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), accounting for approximately 50% of cases in the developed world. Although incidence rates for ESRD attributable to DKD have recently stabilized, these rates continue to rise in high-risk groups such as middle-aged African Americans, Native Americans, and Hispanics. The costs of care for people with DKD are extraordinarily high. In the Medicare population alone, DKD-related expenditures among this mostly older group were nearly $25 billion in 2011. Due to the high human and societal costs, the Consensus Conference on Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes was convened by the American Diabetes Association in collaboration with the American Society of Nephrology and the National Kidney Foundation to appraise issues regarding patient management, highlighting current practices and new directions. Major topic areas in DKD included (1) identification and monitoring, (2) cardiovascular disease and management of dyslipidemia, (3) hypertension and use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade and mineralocorticoid receptor blockade, (4) glycemia measurement, hypoglycemia, and drug therapies, (5) nutrition and general care in advanced-stage chronic kidney disease, (6) children and adolescents, and (7) multidisciplinary approaches and medical home models for health care delivery. This current state summary and research recommendations are designed to guide advances in care and the generation of new knowledge that will meaningfully improve life for people with DKD.

Published
2014

15. Urinary excretion of RAS, BMP, and WNT pathway components in diabetic kidney disease

Author

Afkarian, Maryam, Hirsch, Irl B, Tuttle, Katherine R, Greenbaum, Carla, Himmelfarb, Jonathan, and de Boer, Ian H

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Diabetes, Renal and urogenital, Metabolic and endocrine, BMP pathway, diabetic kidney disease, pathophysiology, renin-angiotensin system, WNT pathway, renin–angiotensin system, Physiology, Medical Physiology, Medical physiology
Abstract

Abstract The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), and WNT pathways are involved in pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). This study characterized assays for urinary angiotensinogen (AGT), gremlin-1, and matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7), components of the RAS, BMP, and WNT pathways and examined their excretion in DKD. We measured urine AGT, gremlin-1, and MMP-7 in individuals with type 1 diabetes and prevalent DKD (n = 20) or longstanding (n = 61) or new-onset (n = 10) type 1 diabetes without DKD. These urine proteins were also quantified in type 2 DKD (n = 11) before and after treatment with candesartan. The utilized immunoassays had comparable inter- and intra-assay and intraindividual variation to assays used for urine albumin. Median (IQR) urine AGT concentrations were 226.0 (82.1, 550.3) and 13.0 (7.8, 20.0) μg/g creatinine in type 1 diabetes with and without DKD, respectively (P < 0.001). Median (IQR) urine gremlin-1 concentrations were 48.6 (14.2, 254.1) and 3.6 (1.7, 5.5) μg/g, respectively (P < 0.001). Median (IQR) urine MMP-7 concentrations were 6.0 (3.8, 10.5) and 1.0 (0.4, 2.9) μg/g creatinine, respectively (P < 0.001). Treatment with candesartan was associated with a reduction in median (IQR) urine AGT/creatinine from 23.5 (1.6, 105.1) to 2.0 (1.4, 13.7) μg/g, which did not reach statistical significance. Urine gremlin-1 and MMP-7 excretion did not decrease with candesartan. In conclusion, DKD is characterized by markedly elevated urine AGT, MMP-7, and gremlin-1. AGT decreased in response to RAS inhibition, suggesting that this marker reflects therapeutic response. Urinary components of the RAS, BMP, and WNT pathways may identify risk of DKD and aid development of novel therapeutics.

Published
2014

16. Hyperglycemic Crises in Adults With Diabetes: A Consensus Report.

Author

Umpierrez, Guillermo E., Davis, Georgia M., ElSayed, Nuha A., Fadini, Gian Paolo, Galindo, Rodolfo J., Hirsch, Irl B., Klonoff, David C., McCoy, Rozalina G., Misra, Shivani, Gabbay, Robert A., Bannuru, Raveendhara R., and Dhatariya, Ketan K.

Subjects
MEDICAL personnel, DIABETES, ADULTS, DIABETIC acidosis, ENDOCRINE diseases
Abstract

The American Diabetes Association (ADA), European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care (JBDS), American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE), and Diabetes Technology Society (DTS) convened a panel of internists and diabetologists to update the ADA consensus statement on hyperglycemic crises in adults with diabetes, published in 2001 and last updated in 2009. The objective of this consensus report is to provide up-to-date knowledge about the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) in adults. A systematic examination of publications since 2009 informed new recommendations. The target audience is the full spectrum of diabetes health care professionals and individuals with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Consensus Recommendations for the Use of Automated Insulin Delivery Technologies in Clinical Practice

Author

Phillip, Moshe, Nimri, Revital, Bergenstal, Richard M, Barnard-Kelly, Katharine, Danne, Thomas, Hovorka, Roman, Kovatchev, Boris P, Messer, Laurel H, Parkin, Christopher G, Ambler-Osborn, Louise, Amiel, Stephanie A, Bally, Lia, Beck, Roy W, Biester, Sarah, Biester, Torben, Blanchette, Julia E, Bosi, Emanuele, Boughton, Charlotte K, Breton, Marc D, Brown, Sue A, Buckingham, Bruce A, Cai, Albert, Carlson, Anders L, Castle, Jessica R, Choudhary, Pratik, Close, Kelly L, Cobelli, Claudio, Criego, Amy B, Davis, Elizabeth, de Beaufort, Carine, de Bock, Martin I, DeSalvo, Daniel J, DeVries, J Hans, Dovc, Klemen, Doyle, Francis J, Ekhlaspour, Laya, Shvalb, Naama Fisch, Forlenza, Gregory P, Gallen, Geraldine, Garg, Satish K, Gershenoff, Dana C, Gonder-Frederick, Linda A, Haidar, Ahmad, Hartnell, Sara, Heinemann, Lutz, Heller, Simon, Hirsch, Irl B, Hood, Korey K, Isaacs, Diana, Klonoff, David C, Kordonouri, Olga, Kowalski, Aaron, Laffel, Lori, Lawton, Julia, Lal, Rayhan A, Leelarathna, Lalantha, Maahs, David M, Murphy, Helen R, Nørgaard, Kirsten, O'Neal, David, Oser, Sean, Oser, Tamara, Renard, Eric, Riddell, Michael C, Rodbard, David, Russell, Steven J, Schatz, Desmond A, Shah, Viral N, Sherr, Jennifer L, Simonson, Gregg D, Wadwa, R Paul, Ward, Candice, Weinzimer, Stuart A, Wilmot, Emma G, Battelino, Tadej, General Internal Medicine, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, and AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism

Subjects
closed-loop, Endocrinology, consensus recommendations, automated insulin delivery, type 1 diabetes, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 610 Medicine & health, 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Abstract

The significant and growing global prevalence of diabetes continues to challenge people with diabetes (PwD), healthcare providers, and payers. While maintaining near-normal glucose levels has been shown to prevent or delay the progression of the long-term complications of diabetes, a significant proportion of PwD are not attaining their glycemic goals. During the past 6 years, we have seen tremendous advances in automated insulin delivery (AID) technologies. Numerous randomized controlled trials and real-world studies have shown that the use of AID systems is safe and effective in helping PwD achieve their long-term glycemic goals while reducing hypoglycemia risk. Thus, AID systems have recently become an integral part of diabetes management. However, recommendations for using AID systems in clinical settings have been lacking. Such guided recommendations are critical for AID success and acceptance. All clinicians working with PwD need to become familiar with the available systems in order to eliminate disparities in diabetes quality of care. This report provides much-needed guidance for clinicians who are interested in utilizing AIDs and presents a comprehensive listing of the evidence payers should consider when determining eligibility criteria for AID insurance coverage.

Published
2023
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20. Use of Continuous Glucose Monitors in the Hospital: The Diabetes Technology Society Hospital Meeting Report 2023

Author

Tian, Tiffany, primary, Aaron, Rachel E., additional, Yeung, Andrea M., additional, Huang, Jingtong, additional, Drincic, Andjela, additional, Seley, Jane Jeffrie, additional, Wallia, Amisha, additional, Gilbert, Gregory, additional, Spanakis, Elias K., additional, Masharani, Umesh, additional, Faulds, Eileen, additional, Hirsch, Irl B., additional, Dawood, Gigi E., additional, Espinoza, Juan C., additional, Mendez, Carlos E., additional, Kerr, David, additional, and Klonoff, David C., additional

Published
2023
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21. The Growing Role of Technology in the Care of Older Adults With Diabetes

Author

Huang, Elbert S., primary, Sinclair, Alan, additional, Conlin, Paul R., additional, Cukierman-Yaffe, Tali, additional, Hirsch, Irl B., additional, Huisingh-Scheetz, Megan, additional, Kahkoska, Anna R., additional, Laffel, Lori, additional, Lee, Alexandra K., additional, Lee, Sei, additional, Lipska, Kasia, additional, Meneilly, Graydon, additional, Pandya, Naushira, additional, Peek, Monica E., additional, Peters, Anne, additional, Pratley, Richard E., additional, Sherifali, Diana, additional, Toschi, Elena, additional, Umpierrez, Guillermo, additional, Weinstock, Ruth S., additional, and Munshi, Medha, additional

Published
2023
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23. New Insulin Delivery Recommendations

Author

Frid, Anders H., Kreugel, Gillian, Grassi, Giorgio, Halimi, Serge, Hicks, Debbie, Hirsch, Laurence J., Smith, Mike J., Wellhoener, Regine, Bode, Bruce W., Hirsch, Irl B., Kalra, Sanjay, Ji, Linong, and Strauss, Kenneth W.

Published
2016
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24. A Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Validated by Clinician Ratings

Author

Klonoff, David C., Wang, Jing, Rodbard, David, Kohn, Michael A., Li, Chengdong, Liepmann, Dorian, Kerr, David, Ahn, David, Peters, Anne L., Umpierrez, Guillermo E., Seley, Jane Jeffrie, Xu, Nicole Y., Nguyen, Kevin T., Simonson, Gregg, Agus, Michael S.D., Al-Sofiani, Mohammed E., Armaiz-Pena, Gustavo, Bailey, Timothy S., Basu, Ananda, Battelino, Tadej, Bekele, Sewagegn Yeshiwas, Benhamou, Pierre Yves, Bequette, B. Wayne, Blevins, Thomas, Breton, Marc D., Castle, Jessica R., Chase, James Geoffrey, Chen, Kong Y., Choudhary, Pratik, Clements, Mark A., Close, Kelly L., Cook, Curtiss B., Danne, Thomas, Doyle, Francis J., Drincic, Angela, Dungan, Kathleen M., Edelman, Steven V., Ejskjaer, Niels, Espinoza, Juan C., Fleming, G. Alexander, Forlenza, Gregory P., Freckmann, Guido, Galindo, Rodolfo J., Gomez, Ana Maria, Gutow, Hanna A., Heinemann, Lutz, Hirsch, Irl B., Hoang, Thanh D., Hovorka, Roman, Jendle, Johan H., Ji, Linong, Joshi, Shashank R., Joubert, Michael, Koliwad, Suneil K., Lal, Rayhan A., Lansang, M. Cecilia, Lee, Wei An, Leelarathna, Lalantha, Leiter, Lawrence A., Lind, Marcus, Litchman, Michelle L., Mader, Julia K., Mahoney, Katherine M., Mankovsky, Boris, Masharani, Umesh, Mathioudakis, Nestoras N., Mayorov, Alexander, Messler, Jordan, Miller, Joshua D., Mohan, Viswanathan, Nichols, James H., Nørgaard, Kirsten, O’Neal, David N., Pasquel, Francisco J., Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, Pieber, Thomas, Phillip, Moshe, Polonsky, William H., Pop-Busui, Rodica, Rayman, Gerry, Rhee, Eun Jung, Russell, Steven J., Shah, Viral N., Sherr, Jennifer L., Sode, Koji, Spanakis, Elias K., Wake, Deborah J., Waki, Kayo, Wallia, Amisha, Weinberg, Melissa E., Wolpert, Howard, Wright, Eugene E., Zilbermint, Mihail, Kovatchev, Boris, Klonoff, David C., Wang, Jing, Rodbard, David, Kohn, Michael A., Li, Chengdong, Liepmann, Dorian, Kerr, David, Ahn, David, Peters, Anne L., Umpierrez, Guillermo E., Seley, Jane Jeffrie, Xu, Nicole Y., Nguyen, Kevin T., Simonson, Gregg, Agus, Michael S.D., Al-Sofiani, Mohammed E., Armaiz-Pena, Gustavo, Bailey, Timothy S., Basu, Ananda, Battelino, Tadej, Bekele, Sewagegn Yeshiwas, Benhamou, Pierre Yves, Bequette, B. Wayne, Blevins, Thomas, Breton, Marc D., Castle, Jessica R., Chase, James Geoffrey, Chen, Kong Y., Choudhary, Pratik, Clements, Mark A., Close, Kelly L., Cook, Curtiss B., Danne, Thomas, Doyle, Francis J., Drincic, Angela, Dungan, Kathleen M., Edelman, Steven V., Ejskjaer, Niels, Espinoza, Juan C., Fleming, G. Alexander, Forlenza, Gregory P., Freckmann, Guido, Galindo, Rodolfo J., Gomez, Ana Maria, Gutow, Hanna A., Heinemann, Lutz, Hirsch, Irl B., Hoang, Thanh D., Hovorka, Roman, Jendle, Johan H., Ji, Linong, Joshi, Shashank R., Joubert, Michael, Koliwad, Suneil K., Lal, Rayhan A., Lansang, M. Cecilia, Lee, Wei An, Leelarathna, Lalantha, Leiter, Lawrence A., Lind, Marcus, Litchman, Michelle L., Mader, Julia K., Mahoney, Katherine M., Mankovsky, Boris, Masharani, Umesh, Mathioudakis, Nestoras N., Mayorov, Alexander, Messler, Jordan, Miller, Joshua D., Mohan, Viswanathan, Nichols, James H., Nørgaard, Kirsten, O’Neal, David N., Pasquel, Francisco J., Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, Pieber, Thomas, Phillip, Moshe, Polonsky, William H., Pop-Busui, Rodica, Rayman, Gerry, Rhee, Eun Jung, Russell, Steven J., Shah, Viral N., Sherr, Jennifer L., Sode, Koji, Spanakis, Elias K., Wake, Deborah J., Waki, Kayo, Wallia, Amisha, Weinberg, Melissa E., Wolpert, Howard, Wright, Eugene E., Zilbermint, Mihail, and Kovatchev, Boris

Abstract

Background: A composite metric for the quality of glycemia from continuous glucose monitor (CGM) tracings could be useful for assisting with basic clinical interpretation of CGM data. Methods: We assembled a data set of 14-day CGM tracings from 225 insulin-treated adults with diabetes. Using a balanced incomplete block design, 330 clinicians who were highly experienced with CGM analysis and interpretation ranked the CGM tracings from best to worst quality of glycemia. We used principal component analysis and multiple regressions to develop a model to predict the clinician ranking based on seven standard metrics in an Ambulatory Glucose Profile: very low–glucose and low-glucose hypoglycemia; very high–glucose and high-glucose hyperglycemia; time in range; mean glucose; and coefficient of variation. Results: The analysis showed that clinician rankings depend on two components, one related to hypoglycemia that gives more weight to very low-glucose than to low-glucose and the other related to hyperglycemia that likewise gives greater weight to very high-glucose than to high-glucose. These two components should be calculated and displayed separately, but they can also be combined into a single Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) that corresponds closely to the clinician rankings of the overall quality of glycemia (r = 0.95). The GRI can be displayed graphically on a GRI Grid with the hypoglycemia component on the horizontal axis and the hyperglycemia component on the vertical axis. Diagonal lines divide the graph into five zones (quintiles) corresponding to the best (0th to 20th percentile) to worst (81st to 100th percentile) overall quality of glycemia. The GRI Grid enables users to track sequential changes within an individual over time and compare groups of individuals. Conclusion: The GRI is a single-number summary of the quality of glycemia. Its hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia components provide actionable scores and a graphical display (the GRI Grid) that can be used by cl

Published
2023

28. Commercially Available Insulin Products Demonstrate Consistency With Product Labeling Throughout All Seasons in the U.S.

Author

Garrett, Timothy J., primary, Feizbakhsh Bazargani, Sina, additional, Harmon, Taylor, additional, Kruse, Jordan, additional, Atkinson, Philip, additional, Quinlivan, Eoin P., additional, Ang, Lynn, additional, Hirsch, Irl B., additional, Laffel, Lori, additional, Pietropaolo, Massimo, additional, Haller, Michael J., additional, and Atkinson, Mark A., additional

Published
2022
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30. Consensus Recommendations for the Use of Automated Insulin Delivery Technologies in Clinical Practice

Author

Phillip, Moshe, primary, Nimri, Revital, additional, Bergenstal, Richard M, additional, Barnard-Kelly, Katharine, additional, Danne, Thomas, additional, Hovorka, Roman, additional, Kovatchev, Boris P, additional, Messer, Laurel H, additional, Parkin, Christopher G, additional, Ambler-Osborn, Louise, additional, Amiel, Stephanie A, additional, Bally, Lia, additional, Beck, Roy W, additional, Biester, Sarah, additional, Biester, Torben, additional, Blanchette, Julia E, additional, Bosi, Emanuele, additional, Boughton, Charlotte K, additional, Breton, Marc D, additional, Brown, Sue A, additional, Buckingham, Bruce A, additional, Cai, Albert, additional, Carlson, Anders L, additional, Castle, Jessica R, additional, Choudhary, Pratik, additional, Close, Kelly L, additional, Cobelli, Claudio, additional, Criego, Amy B, additional, Davis, Elizabeth, additional, de Beaufort, Carine, additional, de Bock, Martin I, additional, DeSalvo, Daniel J, additional, DeVries, J Hans, additional, Dovc, Klemen, additional, Doyle, Francis J, additional, Ekhlaspour, Laya, additional, Shvalb, Naama Fisch, additional, Forlenza, Gregory P, additional, Gallen, Geraldine, additional, Garg, Satish K, additional, Gershenoff, Dana C, additional, Gonder-Frederick, Linda A, additional, Haidar, Ahmad, additional, Hartnell, Sara, additional, Heinemann, Lutz, additional, Heller, Simon, additional, Hirsch, Irl B, additional, Hood, Korey K, additional, Isaacs, Diana, additional, Klonoff, David C, additional, Kordonouri, Olga, additional, Kowalski, Aaron, additional, Laffel, Lori, additional, Lawton, Julia, additional, Lal, Rayhan A, additional, Leelarathna, Lalantha, additional, Maahs, David M, additional, Murphy, Helen R, additional, Nørgaard, Kirsten, additional, O’Neal, David, additional, Oser, Sean, additional, Oser, Tamara, additional, Renard, Eric, additional, Riddell, Michael C, additional, Rodbard, David, additional, Russell, Steven J, additional, Schatz, Desmond A, additional, Shah, Viral N, additional, Sherr, Jennifer L, additional, Simonson, Gregg D, additional, Wadwa, R Paul, additional, Ward, Candice, additional, Weinzimer, Stuart A, additional, Wilmot, Emma G, additional, and Battelino, Tadej, additional

Published
2022
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31. Evaluation of Effects of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Physical Activity Habits and Blood Lipid Levels in Persons With Type 1 Diabetes Managed With MDI: An Analysis Based on the GOLD Randomized Trial (GOLD 8)

Author

Nyström, Thomas, primary, Schwarz, Erik, additional, Dahlqvist, Sofia, additional, Wijkman, Magnus, additional, Ekelund, Magnus, additional, Holmer, Helen, additional, Bolinder, Jan, additional, Hellman, Jarl, additional, Imberg, Henrik, additional, Hirsch, Irl B., additional, and Lind, Marcus, additional

Published
2022
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35. 926-P: Improving Glycemic Control in Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) with Diabetes: The University of Washington (UW) AYA Diabetes Program

Author

MALIK, FAISAL, primary, HIRSCH, IRL B., additional, PIHOKER, CATHERINE, additional, TAPLIN, CRAIG, additional, ROBERTS, ALISSA J., additional, LOWRY, SARAH J., additional, YI-FRAZIER, JOYCE, additional, MOSS, ASHLEY, additional, HUANG, ALYSSA, additional, EHRHARDT, NICOLE M., additional, PAGET, ALIA, additional, HOCH, KATRINA, additional, and WEAVER, KATHRYN W., additional

Published
2022
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37. Guidelines on GLP1RAs and continuous glucose monitors are among biggest new developments

Author

Hirsch, Irl B.

Subjects
Diabetes therapy, Dextrose, Patient monitoring equipment, Glucose, Blood sugar monitoring, Type 2 diabetes -- Care and treatment, Diabetics -- Care and treatment, Kidney diseases -- Care and treatment, Exenatide, Health, Health care industry
Abstract

Many changes in the evolution of the treatment of diabetes have occurred during this year and 2021. Randomized controlled trials have resulted in updated guidelines for the use of new [...]

Published
2022

38. Guidelines on GLP1RAs and continuous glucose monitors are among latest, biggest developments

Author

Hirsch, Irl B.

Subjects
Glucose monitors -- Usage -- Health aspects, Diabetes therapy -- Patient outcomes, Hypoglycemic agents -- Dosage and administration, Blood sugar monitoring -- Analysis, Diabetics -- Care and treatment, Health
Abstract

Many changes in the evolution of the treatment of diabetes have occurred during this year and 2021. Randomized controlled trials have resulted in updated guidelines for the use of new [...]

Published
2022

39. Baseline risk markers and visit-to-visit variability in relation to kidney outcomes - A post-hoc analysis of the PERL study

Author

Curovic, Viktor Rotbain, Roy, Neil, Hansen, Tine W., Caramori, M. Luiza, Cherney, David Z., Boer, Ian H. De, Emanuele, Mary Ann, Hirsch, Irl B., Lingvay, Ildiko, Mcgill, Janet B., Polsky, Sarit, Pop-Busui, Rodica, Sigal, Ronald J., Tuttle, Katherine R., Umpierrez, Guillermo E., Wallia, Amisha, Rosas, Sylvia E., Rossing, Peter, Curovic, Viktor Rotbain, Roy, Neil, Hansen, Tine W., Caramori, M. Luiza, Cherney, David Z., Boer, Ian H. De, Emanuele, Mary Ann, Hirsch, Irl B., Lingvay, Ildiko, Mcgill, Janet B., Polsky, Sarit, Pop-Busui, Rodica, Sigal, Ronald J., Tuttle, Katherine R., Umpierrez, Guillermo E., Wallia, Amisha, Rosas, Sylvia E., and Rossing, Peter

Abstract

Background: Baseline risk variables and visit-to-visit variability (VV) of systolic blood pressure (SBP), HbA1c, serum creatinine, and uric acid (UA) are potential risk markers of kidney function decline in type 1 diabetes. Methods: Post-hoc analysis of a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial investigating allopu-rinol's effect on iohexol-derived glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) in type 1 diabetes with elevated UA. Primary outcome was iGFR change over three years. Linear regression with backwards selection of baseline clinical variables was performed to identify an optimized model forecasting iGFR change. Furthermore, VVs of SBP, HbA1c, serum creatinine, and UA were calculated using measurements from the run-in period; thereafter assessed by linear regression, with iGFR change as the dependent variable. Results: 404 participants were included in the primary analyses. In the optimized baseline variable model, higher HbA1c, SBP, iGFR, albuminuria, and heart rate, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist prescription were associated with greater iGFR decline. Higher VV of SBP was associated with greater iGFR decline (adjusted beta (ml/ min/1.73 m2/50 % increase):-0.79, p = 0.01). Conclusions: We identified several risk markers for faster iGFR decline in a high-risk population with type diabetes. While further research is needed, our results indicate possible new and clinically feasible measures to risk stratify for DKD in type 1 diabetes.

Published
2022

40. Effect of liraglutide on markers of insulin production in persons with type 2 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections

Author

Westman, Klara, Imberg, Henrik, Wijkman, Magnus, Hirsch, Irl B., Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Dahlqvist, Sofia, Lind, Marcus, Westman, Klara, Imberg, Henrik, Wijkman, Magnus, Hirsch, Irl B., Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Dahlqvist, Sofia, and Lind, Marcus

Abstract

In this post-hoc analysis of data from a randomised clinical trial, we compared the effect of liraglutide to placebo on markers of insulin secretion in persons with type 2 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections. Liraglutide increased insulin secretion, measured by C-peptide, by 19% after 24 weeks of treatment., Funding Agencies|Novo NordiskNovo Nordisk

Published
2022
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41. A Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Validated by Clinician Ratings

Author

Klonoff, David C., primary, Wang, Jing, additional, Rodbard, David, additional, Kohn, Michael A., additional, Li, Chengdong, additional, Liepmann, Dorian, additional, Kerr, David, additional, Ahn, David, additional, Peters, Anne L., additional, Umpierrez, Guillermo E., additional, Seley, Jane Jeffrie, additional, Xu, Nicole Y., additional, Nguyen, Kevin T., additional, Simonson, Gregg, additional, Agus, Michael S. D., additional, Al-Sofiani, Mohammed E., additional, Armaiz-Pena, Gustavo, additional, Bailey, Timothy S., additional, Basu, Ananda, additional, Battelino, Tadej, additional, Bekele, Sewagegn Yeshiwas, additional, Benhamou, Pierre-Yves, additional, Bequette, B. Wayne, additional, Blevins, Thomas, additional, Breton, Marc D., additional, Castle, Jessica R., additional, Chase, James Geoffrey, additional, Chen, Kong Y., additional, Choudhary, Pratik, additional, Clements, Mark A., additional, Close, Kelly L., additional, Cook, Curtiss B., additional, Danne, Thomas, additional, Doyle, Francis J., additional, Drincic, Angela, additional, Dungan, Kathleen M., additional, Edelman, Steven V., additional, Ejskjaer, Niels, additional, Espinoza, Juan C., additional, Fleming, G. Alexander, additional, Forlenza, Gregory P., additional, Freckmann, Guido, additional, Galindo, Rodolfo J., additional, Gomez, Ana Maria, additional, Gutow, Hanna A., additional, Heinemann, Lutz, additional, Hirsch, Irl B., additional, Hoang, Thanh D., additional, Hovorka, Roman, additional, Jendle, Johan H., additional, Ji, Linong, additional, Joshi, Shashank R., additional, Joubert, Michael, additional, Koliwad, Suneil K., additional, Lal, Rayhan A., additional, Lansang, M. Cecilia, additional, Lee, Wei-An (Andy), additional, Leelarathna, Lalantha, additional, Leiter, Lawrence A., additional, Lind, Marcus, additional, Litchman, Michelle L., additional, Mader, Julia K., additional, Mahoney, Katherine M., additional, Mankovsky, Boris, additional, Masharani, Umesh, additional, Mathioudakis, Nestoras N., additional, Mayorov, Alexander, additional, Messler, Jordan, additional, Miller, Joshua D., additional, Mohan, Viswanathan, additional, Nichols, James H., additional, Nørgaard, Kirsten, additional, O’Neal, David N., additional, Pasquel, Francisco J., additional, Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, additional, Pieber, Thomas, additional, Phillip, Moshe, additional, Polonsky, William H., additional, Pop-Busui, Rodica, additional, Rayman, Gerry, additional, Rhee, Eun-Jung, additional, Russell, Steven J., additional, Shah, Viral N., additional, Sherr, Jennifer L., additional, Sode, Koji, additional, Spanakis, Elias K., additional, Wake, Deborah J., additional, Waki, Kayo, additional, Wallia, Amisha, additional, Weinberg, Melissa E., additional, Wolpert, Howard, additional, Wright, Eugene E., additional, Zilbermint, Mihail, additional, and Kovatchev, Boris, additional

Published
2022
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43. sj-docx-1-dst-10.1177_19322968221124114 – Supplemental material for The Glycemic Ratio Is Strongly and Independently Associated With Mortality in the Critically Ill

Author

Roberts, Greg, Krinsley, James S., Preiser, Jean-Charles, Quinn, Stephen, Rule, Peter R., Brownlee, Michael, Schwartz, Michael, Umpierrez, Guillermo E., and Hirsch, Irl B.

Subjects
111708 Health and Community Services, FOS: Clinical medicine, 111199 Nutrition and Dietetics not elsewhere classified, Medicine, FOS: Health sciences, 110306 Endocrinology
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-dst-10.1177_19322968221124114 for The Glycemic Ratio Is Strongly and Independently Associated With Mortality in the Critically Ill by Greg Roberts, James S. Krinsley, Jean-Charles Preiser, Stephen Quinn, Peter R. Rule, Michael Brownlee, Michael Schwartz, Guillermo E. Umpierrez and Irl B. Hirsch in Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology

Published
2022
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44. sj-pdf-1-dst-10.1177_19322968221085273 – Supplemental material for A Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Validated by Clinician Ratings

Author

Klonoff, David C., Wang, Jing, Rodbard, David, Kohn, Michael A., Li, Chengdong, Liepmann, Dorian, Kerr, David, Ahn, David, Peters, Anne L., Umpierrez, Guillermo E., Seley, Jane Jeffrie, Xu, Nicole Y., Nguyen, Kevin T., Simonson, Gregg, Agus, Michael S. D., Al-Sofiani, Mohammed E., Armaiz-Pena, Gustavo, Bailey, Timothy S., Basu, Ananda, Battelino, Tadej, Bekele, Sewagegn Yeshiwas, Benhamou, Pierre-Yves, Bequette, B. Wayne, Blevins, Thomas, Breton, Marc D., Castle, Jessica R., Chase, James Geoffrey, Chen, Kong Y., Choudhary, Pratik, Clements, Mark A., Close, Kelly L., Cook, Curtiss B., Danne, Thomas, Doyle, Francis J., Drincic, Angela, Dungan, Kathleen M., Edelman, Steven V., Ejskjaer, Niels, Espinoza, Juan C., Fleming, G. Alexander, Forlenza, Gregory P., Freckmann, Guido, Galindo, Rodolfo J., Gomez, Ana Maria, Gutow, Hanna A., Heinemann, Lutz, Hirsch, Irl B., Hoang, Thanh D., Hovorka, Roman, Jendle, Johan H., Ji, Linong, Joshi, Shashank R., Joubert, Michael, Koliwad, Suneil K., Lal, Rayhan A., Lansang, M. Cecilia, Lee, Wei-An (Andy), Leelarathna, Lalantha, Leiter, Lawrence A., Lind, Marcus, Litchman, Michelle L., Mader, Julia K., Mahoney, Katherine M., Mankovsky, Boris, Masharani, Umesh, Mathioudakis, Nestoras N., Mayorov, Alexander, Messler, Jordan, Miller, Joshua D., Mohan, Viswanathan, Nichols, James H., Nørgaard, Kirsten, O’Neal, David N., Pasquel, Francisco J., Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, Pieber, Thomas, Phillip, Moshe, Polonsky, William H., Pop-Busui, Rodica, Rayman, Gerry, Rhee, Eun-Jung, Russell, Steven J., Shah, Viral N., Sherr, Jennifer L., Sode, Koji, Spanakis, Elias K., Wake, Deborah J., Waki, Kayo, Wallia, Amisha, Weinberg, Melissa E., Wolpert, Howard, Wright, Eugene E., Zilbermint, Mihail, and Kovatchev, Boris

Subjects
111708 Health and Community Services, FOS: Clinical medicine, 111199 Nutrition and Dietetics not elsewhere classified, Medicine, FOS: Health sciences, 110306 Endocrinology
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-dst-10.1177_19322968221085273 for A Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Validated by Clinician Ratings by David C. Klonoff, Jing Wang, David Rodbard, Michael A. Kohn, Chengdong Li, Dorian Liepmann, David Kerr, David Ahn, Anne L. Peters, Guillermo E. Umpierrez, Jane Jeffrie Seley, Nicole Y. Xu, Kevin T. Nguyen, Gregg Simonson, Michael S. D. Agus, Mohammed E. Al-Sofiani, Gustavo Armaiz-Pena, Timothy S. Bailey, Ananda Basu, Tadej Battelino, Sewagegn Yeshiwas Bekele, Pierre-Yves Benhamou, B. Wayne Bequette, Thomas Blevins, Marc D. Breton, Jessica R. Castle, James Geoffrey Chase, Kong Y. Chen, Pratik Choudhary, Mark A. Clements, Kelly L. Close, Curtiss B. Cook, Thomas Danne, Francis J. Doyle, Angela Drincic, Kathleen M. Dungan, Steven V. Edelman, Niels Ejskjaer, Juan C. Espinoza, G. Alexander Fleming, Gregory P. Forlenza, Guido Freckmann, Rodolfo J. Galindo, Ana Maria Gomez, Hanna A. Gutow, Lutz Heinemann, Irl B. Hirsch, Thanh D. Hoang, Roman Hovorka, Johan H. Jendle, Linong Ji, Shashank R. Joshi, Michael Joubert, Suneil K. Koliwad, Rayhan A. Lal, M. Cecilia Lansang, Wei-An (Andy) Lee, Lalantha Leelarathna, Lawrence A. Leiter, Marcus Lind, Michelle L. Litchman, Julia K. Mader, Katherine M. Mahoney, Boris Mankovsky, Umesh Masharani, Nestoras N. Mathioudakis, Alexander Mayorov, Jordan Messler, Joshua D. Miller, Viswanathan Mohan, James H. Nichols, Kirsten Nørgaard, David N. O’Neal, Francisco J. Pasquel, Athena Philis-Tsimikas, Thomas Pieber, Moshe Phillip, William H. Polonsky, Rodica Pop-Busui, Gerry Rayman, Eun-Jung Rhee, Steven J. Russell, Viral N. Shah, Jennifer L. Sherr, Koji Sode, Elias K. Spanakis, Deborah J. Wake, Kayo Waki, Amisha Wallia, Melissa E. Weinberg, Howard Wolpert, Eugene E. Wright, Mihail Zilbermint and Boris Kovatchev in Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology

Published
2022
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45. sj-docx-2-dst-10.1177_19322968221124114 – Supplemental material for The Glycemic Ratio Is Strongly and Independently Associated With Mortality in the Critically Ill

Author

Roberts, Greg, Krinsley, James S., Preiser, Jean-Charles, Quinn, Stephen, Rule, Peter R., Brownlee, Michael, Schwartz, Michael, Umpierrez, Guillermo E., and Hirsch, Irl B.

Subjects
111708 Health and Community Services, FOS: Clinical medicine, 111199 Nutrition and Dietetics not elsewhere classified, Medicine, FOS: Health sciences, 110306 Endocrinology
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-dst-10.1177_19322968221124114 for The Glycemic Ratio Is Strongly and Independently Associated With Mortality in the Critically Ill by Greg Roberts, James S. Krinsley, Jean-Charles Preiser, Stephen Quinn, Peter R. Rule, Michael Brownlee, Michael Schwartz, Guillermo E. Umpierrez and Irl B. Hirsch in Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology

Published
2022
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46. Correction to:The management of type 1 diabetes in adults. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) (Diabetologia, (2021), 64, 12, (2609-2652), 10.1007/s00125-021-05568-3)

Author

Holt, Richard I. G., DeVries, J. Hans, Hess-Fischl, Amy, Hirsch, Irl B., Kirkman, M. Sue, Klupa, Tomasz, Ludwig, Barbara, Nørgaard, Kirsten, Pettus, Jeremy, Renard, Eric, Skyler, Jay S., Snoek, Frank J., Weinstock, Ruth S., and Peters, Anne L.

Abstract

Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

Published
2022
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47. sj-docx-1-dst-10.1177_19322968221101916 – Supplemental material for Evaluation of Effects of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Physical Activity Habits and Blood Lipid Levels in Persons With Type 1 Diabetes Managed With MDI: An Analysis Based on the GOLD Randomized Trial (GOLD 8)

Author

Nyström, Thomas, Schwarz, Erik, Dahlqvist, Sofia, Wijkman, Magnus, Ekelund, Magnus, Holmer, Helen, Bolinder, Jan, Hellman, Jarl, Imberg, Henrik, Hirsch, Irl B., and Lind, Marcus

Subjects
111708 Health and Community Services, FOS: Clinical medicine, 111199 Nutrition and Dietetics not elsewhere classified, Medicine, FOS: Health sciences, 110306 Endocrinology
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-dst-10.1177_19322968221101916 for Evaluation of Effects of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Physical Activity Habits and Blood Lipid Levels in Persons With Type 1 Diabetes Managed With MDI: An Analysis Based on the GOLD Randomized Trial (GOLD 8) by Thomas Nyström, Erik Schwarz, Sofia Dahlqvist, Magnus Wijkman, Magnus Ekelund, Helen Holmer, Jan Bolinder, Jarl Hellman, Henrik Imberg, Irl B. Hirsch and Marcus Lind in Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology

Published
2022
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