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In animal models of spinal cord injury (SCI), inducible NO (nitric oxide) synthase is expressed in the spinal cord immediately after sustaining SCI. Excessive NO production has cytotoxic effects and induces neuronal apoptosis, causing neural degeneration and neurodysfunction in the spinal cord. Little is known, however, about the relationship between NOx (NO metabolites: nitrite and nitrate) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neurologic severity or recovery in clinical cases. The objective of the present study was to examine the correlation between CSF NOx levels and neurologic severity or recovery in SCI. Twenty-five patients with incomplete cervical cord injury (CCI) were examined. Eight cases were treated conservatively (non-operated group). Seventeen cases underwent surgical intervention (operated group). NOx levels in the CSF were measured using the Griess method. The severity of the neurologic impairment was assessed using Frankel’s classification and the American Spinal Injury Association motor score (ASIA MS). The degree of neurologic recovery was assessed using Frankel’s classification and the ASIA motor recovery percentage (MRP). There was no significant difference in the NOx levels between the CCI group (NOx levels: 5.9 ± 0.7 μM) and the 36 control subjects (1 volunteer and 35 patients without neurologic disorders, NOx levels: 4.9 ± 0.3 μM). There was no significant difference in NOx levels and MRP between the non-operated group and the operated group. The NOx levels in total SCI group were significantly correlated with the ASIA MS and MRP. There was a significant correlation between CSF NOx levels and neurologic severity or recovery in incomplete CCI.