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Background: Aging is a multifactorial phenomenon that is characterized by a decrease in physiological functions that increases with age. Free radicals cause oxidative stress, which plays a role in the aging process. The accumulation of reactive oxygen compounds increases matrix metalloproteinase-2. Collagen can be directly destroyed by reactive oxygen compounds or through the induction of MPPs. Tomato fruit is an antioxidant, which acts as a binder and damper of free radicals that activate collagen damage. This study aims to assess the effect of tomato juice on the expression of MMP-2 and type-1 collagen on the vaginal wall of the menopausal rat.Methods: This was a true experimental study, using Sprague-Dawley rats and tomato juice (Solanum lycopersicum). Expression of MMP-2 and type-1 collagen was examined using immunohistochemistry staining. Twenty-four healthy female rats, aged 4 months weighing 150-200 grams, were divided into 4 groups, each group as many as 6 rats. The negative control group (NC) was a group of rats with a sham procedure, given aquades for 28 days. The positive control group (PC) was bilaterally ovariectomized rats, given aquades for 28 days. The first treatment group (P1) was bilaterally ovariectomized rats, given tomato juice with a dose of 11 g / 200 g BW / day. The second treatment group (P2) was bilaterally ovariectomized rats, given tomato juice with a dose of 15 g / 200 g BW / day. Data analysis used the One-way ANOVA statistical test (α = 0.05) and different tests between groups using Games-Howell and Tukey HSD. The association between tomato juice and the expression of MMP-2 and type-1 collagen used regression tests.Results: This study found that the lowest expression of MMP-2 was NC group (2.07 ± 0.84), and the highest was the PC group (5.72 ± 1.91). The mean MMP-2 expression in the treatment groups was lower than the PC group but still higher than the NC group. There was a significant difference in MMP-2 expression between groups (p = 0,000). There was a negative correlation between tomato juice administration and MMP-2 expression (b = -0.592). The lowest type-1 collagen expression was PC group (3.83 ± 1.44), and the highest was the P2 group (7.27 ± 2.21). The mean type-1 collagen expression in the treatment groups was higher than the PC group. There were significant differences of type-1 collagen expression between groups (p = 0.012). There was a positive correlation between tomato juice administration and type-1 collagen expression (b = 0.682).Conclusions: Tomato juice administration can reduce the expression of MMP-2 and increase the expression of type-1 collagen on the vaginal wall of the menopausal rat. The higher the dose of tomato juice, the higher the expression of type-1 collagen.

BACKGROUND: Dyspareunia and pain due to the decrease of vaginal wall thickness usually happen in menopausal women. The reduction of estrogen levels cause the decreasing of cell proliferation and the thinning of vaginal wall epithelium. Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) is a source of phytoestrogens, which produce estrogenic effects. This study aims to assess the effect of tomato juice on Ki-67 expression and epithelial thickness of the vaginal wall in menopausal rats. METHODS: This was an experimental study using Sprague-Dawley rats. Twenty-four female rats, aged 4 months and weighing 150-200 grams, were divided into 4 groups. Each group consisted of 6 rats. Negative control (NC) group was group of rats with sham procedure and performed by distilled water for 28 days. Positive control (PC) group was group of bilateral ovariectomized rats and performed by distilled water for 28 days. The first treatment (T1) group was group of bilateral ovariectomized rats, given tomato juice at dose of 11g/200g body weight (BW)/day. The second treatment (T2) group was group of bilateral ovariectomized rats, given tomato juice at dose of 15g/200g BW/day. Data analysis was done with Anova, multiple comparisons and regression test. RESULTS: The group with lowest Ki-67 expression was PC group (2.52±0.60). The expression of Ki-67 in treatment groups (T1 and T2) was higher than PC group, but lower than NC group. There was no significant difference between groups ( p =0.771). The lowest epithelial thickness was found in PC group (21.19±3.96) and the highest was found in the treatment groups (38.73±12.43). There was positive correlation between tomato juice and epithelial thickness ( p =0.647). CONCLUSION: Tomato juice increases Ki-67 expression and epithelial thickness on the vaginal wall of menopausal rats. The increase of epithelial thickness follows the administration dose, but Ki-67 expression does not exceed in the control rats. Tomato juice increases the cell proliferation of vaginal wall on menopausal rats, however the increase is still within normal limits. KEYWORDS: epithelial thickness, Ki-67, menopause, tomato juice

Background: Endometriosis pathogenesis is related to the inflammation shown by the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators. This hypoxia condition can stimulate this condition. Objective: To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on the inflammation reaction of endometriosis-induced mice. Materials and Methods: The animals were designated into 3 groups: I) the pre-test group, II) the post-test group receiving the HBOT, and III) the post-test group without HBOT. All groups were subjected to induction of endometriosis by xenotransplantation for 15 days. HBOT was given 30 min 3 times a day for 10 days. The evaluation of the HBOT effect was conducted by examining the endometrial tissue. The inflammation level was evaluated using the Klopfleisch semiquantitative scoring system (index remmele scale), whilst the expression of nuclear factor kappa (NFκB) beta was measured by immunohistochemical staining. Results: The results showed that group I demonstrated the highest level of inflammation degree (9.41 ± 1.99) compared to the post-test groups (group II: 1.60 ± 0.53; group III: 2.42 ± 0.53). The HBOT-groups was found to have the lowest inflammation level compared to the non-HBOT group (p = 0.020). The results demonstrated that HBOT lowered the peritoneal inflammation degree caused by the endometrial lesion in mice. NFκB expression on the post-test groups was significantly decreased, compared to the pre-test group (p ≤ 0.001), with a strong correlation between the NFκB expression and the peritoneal inflammation level (p ≤ 0.001, r = 0.670). Conclusion: HBOT significantly reduced the inflammation level on the endometrial lesion in mice, involving the NFκB pathway. Key words: Endometriosis, Hyperbaric oxygenation, Inflammation, Hypoxia, Mouse.

Objectives: This study aimed to observe the difference in the area of endometriosis lesions and the histopathology of inflammatory cells and granuloma masses in an endometriosis mouse model treated with endometrial cell implants, endometrioma capsules, and adenomyosis tissue. Materials and Methods: This is an experimental study with posttest-only research design which was conducted with the control group. Thirty-two mice (Mus musculus) were injected with 0.2 mL/mice cyclosporin A and then were divided into three groups which were injected with endometrial tissue from the uterine cavity (group A), endometriosis from endometrioma capsule (group B), and endometriosis from adenomyosis (group C). The injection was done slowly into the peritoneal cavity, 0.1 mL each, and followed by intramuscularly Ethinyl estradiol, 0.2 μG/mice. On the 15th days, mice were dissected to observe the peritoneal endometriosis implant and microscopic examination with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining to determine the inflammatory cell infiltration and mass granuloma presence. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 19. Results: The study obtained that the area of implanted endometriosis lesions in group C covered a larger area of endometriosis implants than other groups (P < 0.05). The peritoneal damage in group C was the most severe based on the Klopfleisch method (P < 0.05), with mass granuloma and massive infiltration of inflammatory cells and fibrous connective tissue formation occurring in muscle tissue. Conclusions: The implantation of adenomyosis cell tissue is the best method to develop mice model of endometriosis based on its inflammatory infiltration, the extent of lesion implant, and granuloma mass

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) on TNF-α expression, spiral artery remodeling, and placental apoptosis.Methods: The study used pregnant mice divided to five groups of treatment: Group 1, without treatment; Group 2, 1/12 LD50 of lead and Aquadest; Group 3, 1/16 LD50 of lead and Aquadest, Group 4, 1/12 LD50 of lead and 1 × 107 HSC; and group 5, 1/16 LD50 of lead and 1 × 107 HSC. Histopathology examination was performed to identify spiral artery remodeling. Immunohistochemistry analysis was conducted to characterize TNF-α expression and the apoptosis index. The data from all five groups were compared using the ANOVA test.Results: TNF-α expression differed significantly among the groups that were not exposed to lead, exposed to lead and exposed to lead after HSC treatment (P0.05).Conclusions: In lead-exposed pregnant mice, the administration of hematopoietic stem cell may decrease TNF-α expression, spiral artery remodeling, and placental apoptosis index but in the group of 1/16 LD50 of lead and HSC treatment, apoptosis index has no differences with those of control group.

The patient with dysmenorrhea was treated by needling at Taichōng (太冲 LR 3), 4 times of treatment was given and the nausea, migraine and pain scale of the patient were alleviated and finally disappeared. Until the next two menstrual period, patient did not have similar complaints. The author recommended for other acupuncturists to utilize LR 3 as complementary therapy for relieving pain at primary dysmenorrhea.

Objective This study aimed to analyze the differences in the expression of genes PRLR and STAT5, body mass index, and the volume of milk in nursing mothers. Method This study uses the approach of observational studies that were carried out from April to December 2019 in Makassar, Indonesia. Subjects consisted of 80 third trimester pregnant women (32–36 weeks) selected based on specific criteria. The mother will be followed up until the baby is six months old. The technique of analyzing differences in the expression of PRLR and STAT5 genes uses qPCR with sub-classification of optimal and sub-optimal milk volume groups. Result There is a different gene expression PRLR ( median). Based on simultaneous tests, there is a strong interaction between body mass index with PRLR gene expression ( Conclusion This study provides an understanding that the nutritional factor is a biological underlying that supports the process of transcription and translation of milk-coding genes in order to work optimally. Thus, it is essential to intervene with excess weight pregnant women with the right antenatal care midwifery approach.

Hypoxia in endometriosis will increase the expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1alpha (HIF1alpha) and its expression could be decreased by Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO). This study aimed to analyze the effect of HBO 2.4 ATA for 3x30 minutes per day for 10 days on the expression of HIF-1 alpha and endometriotic tissue size on mice model of endometriosis. This study was an experimental laboratory study with a separate pretest-posttest control group design. The mice were divided into three groups, the first was a pretest control group (which describes the condition after endometrium transplantation), the second was the endometriotic group that received hyperbaric oxygen, and the third was the endometriotic group that did not receive hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The endometriosis implant size in the peritoneal tissue was assessed and the immunohistochemistry examination was conducted to determine the expression of HIF-1 alpha. The endometriosis tissue size was reduced in the HBO group compared to the control and nonHBO group. The lowest expression of HIF-1 alpha was significantly found in HBO over the other group. The decrease of HIF1 alpha expression mediates the reduction of size endometriotic tissue due to the therapy of HBO.

Objective To report clinical effectiveness of acupuncture at Tai Chong (Liv3) as complementary therapy for relieving pain at dysmenorrhea. Method A single case of a 34-years-old female with dysmenorrhea. Single point selected was Liv3. Results After three times treatments; pain (cramp), nausea, migraine gradually disappear. Conclusion Acupuncture therapy in Liv3 effectively helps to relieve pain at dysmenorrhea.

Background: Cumulus cells are mediators providing energy transport, micronutrients, and carrier molecules for oocyte development, and mediate the influence of hormones on the oocyte cumulus complex. Cumulus cells play a role during oocyte growth and maturation which shows the quality of oocyte maturation. The use of basic maturation medium with the addition of various substances and compounds has been extensively studied to study oocyte maturation in vitro. Utilization of drugs from natural ingredients has unique advantages because in general cheap prices, have lower toxicity and side effects, and good therapeutic potential. One of the plants that can be used as a source of natural antioxidants, namely Moringa leaves. Objective: Determine the effect of supplementation Moringa pterygosperm Gaertn extract on the expansion of oocyte cumulus in in vitro maturation medium. Method: This research was true experimental with Post Test Only Control Group Design approach. Divided into 4 groups, namely K: control group, P1: treatment of 10 mg / mL Moringa leaf extract, P2: treatment of 15 mg / mL Moringa leaf extract, and P3: treatment of 20 mg / mL Moringa leaf extract. Furthermore oocytes are matured for 24 hours. Cumulus expansion was evaluated according to the level of expansion achieved where the minimum response (+), medium response (++), and maximum response (+++). Statistical analysis used the One Way Anova test and continued post HoC LSD. Results: There was an influence of supplementation Moringa pterygosperm Gaertn extract on the expansion of moderate response cumulus (++) (p = 0.007) and maximum response (+++) (p = 0.000), but there was no effect on the expansion of cumulus minimal response (+) (0.065 ). Doses of 20 mg / mL are effective for cumulus expansion (+++), but not effective for cumulus expansion (+), (++), and control. Conclusion: Supplementation Moringa pterygosperm Gaertn extract affected the expansion of moderate response (++) and maximum response (+++) oocytes in in vitro maturation medium. Keywords: moringa leaf extract, cumulus expansion, in vitro maturation. ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Sel kumulus merupakan mediator penyedia transpor energi, mikronutrisi, dan atau molekul pembawa untuk perkembangan oosit, dan menjadi mediasi pengaruh hormon pada kompleks kumulus oosit. Sel kumulus berperan selama pertumbuhan dan maturasi oosit yang menunjukkan kualitas maturasi oosit. Penggunaan medium maturasi dasar dengan penambahan berbagai zat dan senyawa banyak diteliti untuk mempelajari maturasi oosit secara in vitro. Pemanfaatan obat dari bahan alam memiliki kelebihan unik karena pada umumnya harga murah, memiliki toksisitas dan efek samping lebih rendah, serta potensi terapeutik baik. Salah satu tumbuhan yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber antioksidan alami, yaitu daun kelor. Tujuan: mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi ekstrak daun kelor (Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn) terhadap ekspansi kumulus oosit dalam medium maturasi in vitro. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental murni dengan dengan pendekatan Post Test Only Control Group Design. Dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu K: kelompok kontrol, P1: perlakuan 10 mg/mL ekstrak daun kelor, P2 : perlakuan 15 mg/mL ekstrak daun kelor, dan P3 : perlakuan 20 mg/mL ekstrak daun kelor. Selanjutnya oosit di maturasi selama 24 jam. Ekspansi kumulus di evaluasi sesuai dengan tingkat ekspansi yang dicapai dimana respon minimal (+), respon sedang (++), dan respon maksimum (+++). Analisa statistik menggunakan uji one way Anova dan dilanjutkan post HoC LSD. Hasil: Terdapat pengaruh suplementasi ekstrak daun kelor terhadap ekspansi kumulus respon sedang (++) (p=0.007) dan respon maksimal (+++) (p=0.000), namun tidak terdapat pengaruh terhadap ekspansi kumulus respon minimal (+) (p=0.065). Kesimpulan : Suplementasi ekstrak daun kelor (Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn) berpengaruh terhadap ekspansi kumulus oosit respon sedang (++) dan respon maksimal (+++) dalam medium maturasi in vitro. Kata kunci: ekstrak daun kelor, ekspansi kumulus, maturasi in vitro.

Moringa pterygosperma is one of the plants in Indonesia that is often used in herbal medicine. Moringa leaves contain many phytochemical compounds, one of the compounds is flavonoids which function as antioxidants. Flavonoid compounds in vitro can inhibit lipid peroxidation by breaking the chain of peroxyl radicals. Moringa leaf benefits in the field of herbal medicine are formed with a variety of preparations. One of the preparations is in the form of extracts with the aim of attracting chemical components to natural materials The extraction process has a disadvantage because the level of solubility in water is still low. The nanoparticle technique is a strategy to increase the bioavalbicibility of herbal active compounds. This research was experimental in order to determine the total flavonoid levels contained in Moringa leaf extract. In addition, it was also to find out the antioxidant activity and particle size of the moringa leaf extract nanoparticles. Determination of flavonoid levels using spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant activity of moringa leaf extract nanoparticles was tested using the DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-picrylhdrazyl) and to determine the particle size used by using the Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The results of the study showed total flavonoid levels in moringa leaf extract (1.97 ± 1.07)%. Antioxidant activity of 451.8 ppm with a reduction of 2.8% and particle size in the moringa leaf extract nanoparticles of ± 134.78 nm. Moringa leaf extract nanoparticles include low antioxidants. Keywords: moringa; nanoparticles; antioxidants

General population exposure of formaldehyde can occur via inhalation, ingestion due to food and water also dermal contact. Recent studies suggested formaldehyde exposure induce oxidative stress in reproductive system and cause menstrual cycle disorder. Pomegranate is commonly known in Indonesia, often use as a traditional herbal, extract of all part of fruit appear to have protective effect to the damage in the body including the down regulation of apoptosis mechanism due to ellagic acid compound. Oxidative stress was induced by formaldehyde (140 mg/kg/ day p.o) for 12 days consecutively. Mice were treated with pomegranate fruit extract in 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg/BW/day p.o for 12 days after exposure of formaldehyde. On day 25th, mice were euthanized thenovary tissue were isolated and processed for immunochemistry staining withcaspase-3 antibody and hematoxylin eosin staining. Caspase-3 expression was significantly different in groupswhich treated by pomegranate fruit extract. The number of follicle including primary, secondary, tertiary, and de Graaf follicle is not different in each group. In conclusion pomegranate fruit extract in maximum dose of 200 mg.kg/day per day appears todownregulate the expression of caspase-3 but ineffective in number of follicle in formaldehyde mice model.

Tujuan: Melakukan evaluasi hubungan antara stres infertilitas terhadap maturasi oosit dan hasil fertilisasi in vitro.Bahan dan Metode: Penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang analitik observasional. Dilakukan di klinik Fertilitas Graha Amerta RSUD Dr Soetomo Surabaya. Tercatat 30 subyek penelitian perempuan infertil yang mengikuti fertilisasi in vitro dan telah dilakukan evaluasi tingkat stres dengan menggunakan Infertility Reaction Scale. Maturasi oosit dan hasil fertilisasi dicatat. Hubungan antara stres infertilitas, maurasi oosit dan hasil fertilisasi dihitung dengan Anova.Hasil: Semua subyek penelitian yang mengikuti fertilisasi in vitro mengalami stres infetilitas dari kadar ringan sampai berat. Pada kelompok tingkat stres infertilitas berat didapatkan oosit matur lebih sedikit (p=0.01). Pada kelompok tingkat stres infertilitas ringan didapatkan oosit matur lebih banyak (p=0.00). Tingkat stres infertilitas berat akan menghasilkan fertilisasi lebih sedikit (p=0.00)Simpulan: Semakin berat stres infertilitas akan menghambat maturasi oosit dan hasil fertilisasi in vitro.

Objectives: to measure and prove the increase of panmacrophage, macrophages M1 and M2 expression and decrease of ratio of M1/M2 in menstrual blood flakes of women with endometriosis. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross sectional observational analytic study conducted on 30 subjects with endometriosis and non-endometriosis. Immunohistochemical staining was done on a sample of menstrual blood flakes of subjects study who were taken at the second or third day of menstrual cycles with CD68 and CD163 antibody to measure the expression of panmacrophage and M2 macrophages. Expression of M1 macrophages is the approach of a reduction expression of panmacrophage with M2 macrophages.Results: Expression of M1, M2 and the ratio M1/M2 in the both of groups had a normal distribution then continued by independent t-test with one-tailed α (0.05). Probability was considered statistically significant at p

Tujuan: Mempelajari pengaruh pemberian kurkumin terhadap ekspresi tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α kompleks oosit-kumulus (KOK) sapi pada kultur zalir peritoneum penderita infertil dengan endometriosis ringan dan berat.Bahan dan Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental murni yang dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Embrio-logi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Airlangga antara April sampai Agustus 2014. Zalir peritoneum diambil dari penderita infertil dengan endometriosis ringan, endometriosis berat, dan non-endometriosis yang menjalani laparoskopi diagnosis di Klinik Fertilitas Graha Amerta RSUD dr. Sutomo Surabaya, RS Bersalin Putri Surabaya, RSIA Kendangsari Surabaya, RS Universitas Airlangga Surabaya. Masing-masing zalir peritoneum endometriosis ringan dan berat dibagi lagi menjadi zalir peritoneum endometriosis dengan kurkumin dan tanpa kurkumin. Zalir peritoneum non endometriosis dikelompok-kan menjadi zalir peritoneum penderita non endometriosis tanpa dan dengan kurkumin. KOK sapi diambil secara consecutive sampling dari aspirasi folikel antral diameter 3–8 mm dari ovarium sapi yang berasal dari Rumah Potong Hewan Surabaya kemudian secara acak dengan randomisasi sederhana dikultur dalam tujuh kelompok. Kelompok 1 ditempatkan dalam tissue culture medium 199 (TCM-199) saja. Kelompok 2, 3 dan 4 TCM-199 ditambah masing-masing 3% zalir peritoneum penderita infertil dengan endometriosis ringan, berat dan non-endometriosis. Kelompok 5, 6, dan 7 media TCM-199 ditambah masing-masing 3% zalir peritoneum penderita infertil dengan endometriosis ringan, berat dan non-endometriosis dan dengan kurkumin 20 µg/ml.Hasil: Uji Kruskal Wallis menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna ekspresi TNF-α pada ketujuh kelompok (p

This study evaluated the level of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) in the follicular fluid of infertile women with endometriosis. The presence of GDF-9 in follicular fluid of preovulatory follicle was confirmed by Western blotting method in the band of 53 kDa, and GDF-9 concentration in women with severe endometriosis was lower than in those without.

One of the causes of failure of zygote development is oxidative stress in the culture medium. Where oxidative stress can damage the structure and function of zygotes due to free radicals Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Moringa oleifera Lam contains antioxidant polyphenol compounds, flavonoid flavanols namely quercetin which is the most antioxidant content in Moringa leaves which is expected to fight excess ROS. The purpose of this study was to prove that the supplementation of Moringa oleifera Lam leaf nanoparticles to increase zygote cleavage in goat embryo culture in vitro. The research subjects used goat oocytes which were divided into 4 groups consisting of 1 control group and 3 treatment groups. Each group consisted of 31 samples. Control group K1 without Moringa leaf nanoparticle supplementation, treatment group I P1 Moringa leaf nanoparticle supplementation with a dose of 0.5 µM, treatment group II P2 supplementation of Moringa leaf nanoparticles with a dose of 1.0 µM, Treatment group III P3 supplementation with Moringa leaf 2.0 µM. Embryo culture was carried out in a 5% CO2 incubator, temperature 38.5oC for 48 hours, then observed under an inverted microscope. The results show that there are significant differences with the value of p = 0.041 which means p