263 results on '"Healy, Kevin E."'
Search Results
2. Metabolically driven maturation of human-induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived cardiac microtissues on microfluidic chips
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Huebsch, Nathaniel, Charrez, Berenice, Neiman, Gabriel, Siemons, Brian, Boggess, Steven C, Wall, Samuel, Charwat, Verena, Jæger, Karoline H, Cleres, David, Telle, Åshild, Lee-Montiel, Felipe T, Jeffreys, Nicholas C, Deveshwar, Nikhil, Edwards, Andrew G, Serrano, Jonathan, Snuderl, Matija, Stahl, Andreas, Tveito, Aslak, Miller, Evan W, and Healy, Kevin E
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Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ,Regenerative Medicine ,Stem Cell Research ,Biotechnology ,Heart Disease ,Cardiovascular ,Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Calcium ,Cell Differentiation ,Humans ,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Microfluidics ,Myocytes ,Cardiac - Abstract
The immature physiology of cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) limits their utility for drug screening and disease modelling. Here we show that suitable combinations of mechanical stimuli and metabolic cues can enhance the maturation of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, and that the maturation-inducing cues have phenotype-dependent effects on the cells' action-potential morphology and calcium handling. By using microfluidic chips that enhanced the alignment and extracellular-matrix production of cardiac microtissues derived from genetically distinct sources of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, we identified fatty-acid-enriched maturation media that improved the cells' mitochondrial structure and calcium handling, and observed divergent cell-source-dependent effects on action-potential duration (APD). Specifically, in the presence of maturation media, tissues with abnormally prolonged APDs exhibited shorter APDs, and tissues with aberrantly short APDs displayed prolonged APDs. Regardless of cell source, tissue maturation reduced variabilities in spontaneous beat rate and in APD, and led to converging cell phenotypes (with APDs within the 300-450 ms range characteristic of human left ventricular cardiomyocytes) that improved the modelling of the effects of pro-arrhythmic drugs on cardiac tissue.
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- 2022
3. Isochoric supercooled preservation and revival of human cardiac microtissues.
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Powell-Palm, Matthew J, Charwat, Verena, Charrez, Berenice, Siemons, Brian, Healy, Kevin E, and Rubinsky, Boris
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Cardiovascular ,Stem Cell Research ,Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Abstract
Low-temperature biopreservation and 3D tissue engineering present two differing routes towards eventual on-demand access to transplantable biologics, but recent advances in both fields present critical new opportunities for crossover between them. In this work, we demonstrate sub-zero centigrade preservation and revival of autonomously beating three-dimensional human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiac microtissues via isochoric supercooling, without the use of chemical cryoprotectants. We show that these tissues can cease autonomous beating during preservation and resume it after warming, that the supercooling process does not affect sarcomere structural integrity, and that the tissues maintain responsiveness to drug exposure following revival. Our work suggests both that functional three dimensional (3D) engineered tissues may provide an excellent high-content, low-risk testbed to study complex tissue biopreservation in a genetically human context, and that isochoric supercooling may provide a robust method for preserving and reviving engineered tissues themselves.
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- 2021
4. Stem cell-based vascularization of microphysiological systems
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Browne, Shane, Gill, Elisabeth L, Schultheiss, Paula, Goswami, Ishan, and Healy, Kevin E
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Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ,Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human ,Stem Cell Research - Embryonic - Human ,Stem Cell Research ,Bioengineering ,Regenerative Medicine ,Cardiovascular ,Animals ,Biomarkers ,Cell Culture Techniques ,Three Dimensional ,Cell Differentiation ,Endothelial Cells ,Extracellular Matrix ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Humans ,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Neovascularization ,Physiologic ,Stem Cells ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Clinical Sciences - Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPSs) (i.e., tissue or organ chips) exploit microfluidics and 3D cell culture to mimic tissue and organ-level physiology. The advent of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology has accelerated the use of MPSs to study human disease in a range of organ systems. However, in the reduction of system complexity, the intricacies of vasculature are an often-overlooked aspect of MPS design. The growing library of pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cell and perivascular cell protocols have great potential to improve the physiological relevance of vasculature within MPS, specifically for in vitro disease modeling. Three strategic categories of vascular MPS are outlined: self-assembled, interface focused, and 3D biofabricated. This review discusses key features and development of the native vasculature, linking that to how hiPSC-derived vascular cells have been generated, the state of the art in vascular MPSs, and opportunities arising from interdisciplinary thinking.
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- 2021
5. Myocardial injection of a thermoresponsive hydrogel with reactive oxygen species scavenger properties improves border zone contractility
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Spaulding, Kimberly A, Zhu, Yang, Takaba, Kiyoaki, Ramasubramanian, Anusuya, Badathala, Anusha, Haraldsson, Henrik, Collins, Alexander, Aguayo, Esteban, Shah, Curran, Wallace, Arthur W, Ziats, Nicholas P, Lovett, David H, Baker, Anthony J, Healy, Kevin E, and Ratcliffe, Mark B
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Cardiovascular ,Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease ,Heart Disease ,Acrylamides ,Animals ,Free Radical Scavengers ,Hydrogels ,Injections ,Myocardial Contraction ,Myocardial Infarction ,Polyethylene Glycols ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Sheep ,hydrogel ,matrix metalloproteinases-2 ,myocardial contraction ,myocardial infarction ,reactive oxygen species ,Chemical Sciences ,Biological Sciences ,Engineering - Abstract
The decrease in contractility in myocardium adjacent (border zone; BZ) to a myocardial infarction (MI) is correlated with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). We hypothesized that injection of a thermoresponsive hydrogel, with ROS scavenging properties, into the MI would decrease ROS and improve BZ function. Fourteen sheep underwent antero-apical MI. Seven sheep had a comb-like copolymer synthesized from N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) and 1500 MW methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, (NIPAAm-PEG1500), injected (20 × 0.5 mL) into the MI zone 40 min after MI (MI + NIPAAm-PEG1500) and seven sheep were MI controls. Cardiac MRI was performed 2 weeks before and 6 weeks after MI + NIPAAm-PEG1500. BZ wall thickness at end systole was significantly higher for MI + NIPAAm-PEG1500 (12.32 ± 0.51 mm/m2 MI + NIPAAm-PEG1500 vs. 9.88 ± 0.30 MI; p = .023). Demembranated muscle force development for BZ myocardium 6 weeks after MI was significantly higher for MI + NIPAAm-PEG1500 (67.67 ± 2.61 mN/m2 MI + NIPAAm-PEG1500 vs. 40.53 ± 1.04 MI; p
- Published
- 2020
6. Maladaptive Contractility of 3D Human Cardiac Microtissues to Mechanical Nonuniformity
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Wang, Chenyan, Koo, Sangmo, Park, Minok, Vangelatos, Zacharias, Hoang, Plansky, Conklin, Bruce R, Grigoropoulos, Costas P, Healy, Kevin E, and Ma, Zhen
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Engineering ,Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,Heart Disease ,Cardiovascular ,Heart ,Humans ,Mechanical Phenomena ,Muscle Contraction ,Tissue Engineering ,3D cardiac tissue models ,3D-printed microtissues ,cardiac tissue models ,hybrid biomaterial scaffolds ,tissue mechanical environments ,3D-printed microtissues ,cardiac tissue models ,Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry ,Medical Biotechnology ,Medical biotechnology ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Cardiac tissues are able to adjust their contractile behavior to adapt to the local mechanical environment. Nonuniformity of the native tissue mechanical properties contributes to the development of heart dysfunctions, yet the current in vitro cardiac tissue models often fail to recapitulate the mechanical nonuniformity. To address this issue, a 3D cardiac microtissue model is developed with engineered mechanical nonuniformity, enabled by 3D-printed hybrid matrices composed of fibers with different diameters. When escalating the complexity of tissue mechanical environments, cardiac microtissues start to develop maladaptive hypercontractile phenotypes, demonstrated in both contractile motion analysis and force-power analysis. This novel hybrid system could potentially facilitate the establishment of "pathologically-inspired" cardiac microtissue models for deeper understanding of heart pathology due to nonuniformity of the tissue mechanical environment.
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- 2020
7. A combined hiPSC-derived endothelial cell and in vitro microfluidic platform for assessing biomaterial-based angiogenesis
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Natividad-Diaz, Sylvia L, Browne, Shane, Jha, Amit K, Ma, Zhen, Hossainy, Samir, Kurokawa, Yosuke K, George, Steven C, and Healy, Kevin E
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Engineering ,Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human ,Regenerative Medicine ,Biotechnology ,Stem Cell Research ,Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ,Cardiovascular ,Biocompatible Materials ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell Line ,Endothelial Cells ,Equipment Design ,Humans ,Hydrogels ,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,Neovascularization ,Pathologic ,Neovascularization ,Physiologic ,Human induced pluripotent stem cells ,hiPSC-derived endothelial cells ,Differentiation ,Hyaluronic acid ,Hydrogel ,In vitro angiogenesis model - Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derived angiogenesis models present a unique opportunity for patient-specific platforms to study the complex process of angiogenesis and the endothelial cell response to biomaterial and biophysical changes in a defined microenvironment. We present a refined method for differentiating hiPSCs into a CD31 + endothelial cell population (hiPSC-ECs) using a single basal medium from pluripotency to the final stage of differentiation. This protocol produces endothelial cells that are functionally competent in assays following purification. Subsequently, an in vitro angiogenesis model was developed by encapsulating the hiPSC-ECs into a tunable, growth factor sequestering hyaluronic acid (HyA) matrix where they formed stable, capillary-like networks that responded to environmental stimuli. Perfusion of the networks was demonstrated using fluorescent beads in a microfluidic device designed to study angiogenesis. The combination of hiPSC-ECs, bioinspired hydrogel, and the microfluidic platform creates a unique testbed for rapidly assessing the performance of angiogenic biomaterials.
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- 2019
8. Contractile deficits in engineered cardiac microtissues as a result of MYBPC3 deficiency and mechanical overload.
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Ma, Zhen, Huebsch, Nathaniel, Koo, Sangmo, Mandegar, Mohammad A, Siemons, Brian, Boggess, Steven, Conklin, Bruce R, Grigoropoulos, Costas P, and Healy, Kevin E
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Sarcomeres ,Myocardium ,Cells ,Cultured ,Myocytes ,Cardiac ,Humans ,Cardiomyopathy ,Dilated ,Calcium ,Carrier Proteins ,Tissue Engineering ,Myocardial Contraction ,Stress ,Mechanical ,E1A-Associated p300 Protein ,GATA4 Transcription Factor ,Gene Knockout Techniques ,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Cells ,Cultured ,Myocytes ,Cardiac ,Cardiomyopathy ,Dilated ,Stress ,Mechanical - Abstract
The integration of in vitro cardiac tissue models, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and genome-editing tools allows for the enhanced interrogation of physiological phenotypes and recapitulation of disease pathologies. Here, using a cardiac tissue model consisting of filamentous three-dimensional matrices populated with cardiomyocytes derived from healthy wild-type (WT) hiPSCs (WT hiPSC-CMs) or isogenic hiPSCs deficient in the sarcomere protein cardiac myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3-/- hiPSC-CMs), we show that the WT microtissues adapted to the mechanical environment with increased contraction force commensurate to matrix stiffness, whereas the MYBPC3-/- microtissues exhibited impaired force development kinetics regardless of matrix stiffness and deficient contraction force only when grown on matrices with high fibre stiffness. Under mechanical overload, the MYBPC3-/- microtissues had a higher degree of calcium transient abnormalities, and exhibited an accelerated decay of calcium dynamics as well as calcium desensitization, which accelerated when contracting against stiffer fibres. Our findings suggest that MYBPC3 deficiency and the presence of environmental stresses synergistically lead to contractile deficits in cardiac tissues.
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- 2018
9. Quantitatively characterizing drug‐induced arrhythmic contractile motions of human stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes
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Hoang, Plansky, Huebsch, Nathaniel, Bang, Shin Hyuk, Siemons, Brian A, Conklin, Bruce R, Healy, Kevin E, Ma, Zhen, and Jacquir, Sabir
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Regenerative Medicine ,Cardiovascular ,Heart Disease ,Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) ,Bioengineering ,Stem Cell Research ,Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ,Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human ,Arrhythmias ,Cardiac ,Cytological Techniques ,Humans ,Image Processing ,Computer-Assisted ,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Motion ,Myocardial Contraction ,Myocytes ,Cardiac ,Optical Imaging ,Software ,arrhythmia ,biosignal processing ,cardiac motion ,phase space reconstruction ,optical flow ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Quantification of abnormal contractile motions of cardiac tissue has been a noteworthy challenge and significant limitation in assessing and classifying the drug-induced arrhythmias (i.e., Torsades de pointes). To overcome these challenges, researchers have taken advantage of computational image processing tools to measure contractile motion from cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs). However, the amplitude and frequency analysis of contractile motion waveforms does not produce sufficient information to objectively classify the degree of variations between two or more sets of cardiac contractile motions. In this paper, we generated contractile motion data from beating hiPSC-CMs using motion tracking software based on optical flow analysis, and then implemented a computational algorithm, phase space reconstruction (PSR), to derive parameters (embedding, regularity, and fractal dimensions) to further characterize the dynamic nature of the cardiac contractile motions. Application of drugs known to cause cardiac arrhythmia induced significant changes to these resultant dimensional parameters calculated from PSR analysis. Integrating this new computational algorithm with the existing analytical toolbox of cardiac contractile motions will allow us to expand current assessments of cardiac tissue physiology into an automated, high-throughput, and quantifiable manner which will allow more objective assessments of drug-induced proarrhythmias.
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- 2018
10. Multivalent conjugates of basic fibroblast growth factor enhance in vitro proliferation and migration of endothelial cells
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Zbinden, Aline, Browne, Shane, Altiok, Eda I, Svedlund, Felicia L, Jackson, Wesley M, and Healy, Kevin E
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Regenerative Medicine ,Generic health relevance ,Cell Movement ,Cell Proliferation ,Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ,Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ,Humans ,Hyaluronic Acid ,Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ,Nanoconjugates ,Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Medical Biotechnology - Abstract
Growth factors hold great promise for regenerative therapies. However, their clinical use has been halted by poor efficacy and rapid clearance from tissue, necessitating the delivery of extremely high doses to achieve clinical effectiveness which has raised safety concerns. Thus, strategies to either enhance growth factor activity at low doses or to increase their residence time within target tissues are necessary for clinical success. In this study, we generated multivalent conjugates (MVCs) of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a key growth factor involved in angiogenesis and wound healing, to hyaluronic acid (HyA) polymer chains. Multivalent bFGF conjugates (mvbFGF) were fabricated with minimal non-specific interaction observed between bFGF and the HyA chain. The hydrodynamic radii of mvbFGF ranged from ∼50 to ∼75 nm for conjugation ratios of bFGF to HyA chains at low (10 : 1) and high (30 : 1) feed ratios, respectively. The mvbFGF demonstrated enhanced bioactivity compared to unconjugated bFGF in assays of cell proliferation and migration, processes critical to angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. The 30 : 1 mvbFGF outperformed the 10 : 1 conjugate, which could be due to either FGF receptor clustering or interference with receptor mediated internalization and signal deactivation. This study simultaneously investigated the role of both protein to polymer ratio and multivalent conjugate size on their bioactivity, and determined that increasing the protein-to-polymer ratio and conjugate size resulted in greater cell bioactivity.
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- 2018
11. Generation of spatial-patterned early-developing cardiac organoids using human pluripotent stem cells
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Hoang, Plansky, Wang, Jason, Conklin, Bruce R, Healy, Kevin E, and Ma, Zhen
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Medical Biotechnology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ,Stem Cell Research ,Regenerative Medicine ,Stem Cell Research - Embryonic - Human ,Clinical Research ,Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Human ,Cardiovascular ,Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human ,Heart Disease ,Heart ,Humans ,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Models ,Biological ,Organ Culture Techniques ,Organogenesis ,Organoids ,Chemical Sciences ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Bioinformatics - Abstract
The creation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has provided an unprecedented opportunity to study tissue morphogenesis and organ development through 'organogenesis-in-a-dish'. Current approaches to cardiac organoid engineering rely on either direct cardiac differentiation from embryoid bodies (EBs) or generation of aligned cardiac tissues from predifferentiated cardiomyocytes from monolayer hiPSCs. To experimentally model early cardiac organogenesis in vitro, our protocol combines biomaterials-based cell patterning with stem cell organoid engineering. 3D cardiac microchambers are created from 2D hiPSC colonies; these microchambers approximate an early-development heart with distinct spatial organization and self-assembly. With proper training in photolithography microfabrication, maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells, and cardiac differentiation, a graduate student with guidance will likely be able to carry out this experimental protocol, which requires ∼3 weeks. We envisage that this in vitro model of human early heart development could serve as an embryotoxicity screening assay in drug discovery, regulation, and prescription for healthy fetal development. We anticipate that, when applied to hiPSC lines derived from patients with inherited diseases, this protocol can be used to study the disease mechanisms of cardiac malformations at an early stage of embryogenesis.
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- 2018
12. TGF-β1/CD105 signaling controls vascular network formation within growth factor sequestering hyaluronic acid hydrogels
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Browne, Shane, Jha, Amit K, Ameri, Kurosh, Marcus, Sivan G, Yeghiazarians, Yerem, and Healy, Kevin E
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BRII applicant: Healy - Abstract
Cell-based strategies for the treatment of ischemic diseases are at the forefront of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Cell therapies purportedly can play a key role in the neovascularization of ischemic tissue; however, low survival and poor cell engraftment with the host vasculature following implantation limits their potential to treat ischemic diseases. To overcome these limitations, we previously developed a growth factor sequestering hyaluronic acid (HyA)-based hydrogel that enhanced transplanted mouse cardiosphere-derived cell survival and formation of vasculature that anastomosed with host vessels. In this work, we examined the mechanism by which HyA hydrogels presenting transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) promoted proliferation of more clinically relevant human cardiosphere-derived cells (hCDC), and their formation of vascular-like networks in vitro. We observed hCDC proliferation and enhanced formation of vascular-like networks occurred in the presence of TGF-β1. Furthermore, production of nitric oxide (NO), VEGF, and a host of angiogenic factors were increased in the presence of TGF-β1. This response was dependent on the co-activity of CD105 (Endoglin) with the TGF-βR2 receptor, demonstrating its role in the process of angiogenic differentiation and vascular organization of hCDC. These results demonstrated that hCDC form vascular-like networks in vitro, and that the induction of vascular networks by hCDC within growth factor sequestering HyA hydrogels was mediated by TGF-β1/CD105 signaling.
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- 2018
13. Actomyosin-Mediated Tension Orchestrates Uncoupled Respiration in Adipose Tissues
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Tharp, Kevin M, Kang, Michael S, Timblin, Greg A, Dempersmier, Jon, Dempsey, Garret E, Zushin, Peter-James H, Benavides, Jaime, Choi, Catherine, Li, Catherine X, Jha, Amit K, Kajimura, Shingo, Healy, Kevin E, Sul, Hei Sook, Saijo, Kaoru, Kumar, Sanjay, and Stahl, Andreas
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Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Biological Sciences ,Diabetes ,Underpinning research ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Actomyosin ,Adaptor Proteins ,Signal Transducing ,Adipocytes ,Beige ,Adipocytes ,Brown ,Adipose Tissue ,Beige ,Adipose Tissue ,Brown ,Animals ,Cell Cycle Proteins ,Cell Respiration ,Cells ,Cultured ,Disease Models ,Animal ,Homeostasis ,Mice ,Oxygen ,Phosphoproteins ,Signal Transduction ,Thermogenesis ,Trans-Activators ,Uncoupling Protein 1 ,YAP-Signaling Proteins ,UCP1 ,YAP/TAZ ,actomyosin ,beige adipose ,brown adipose ,mechanobiology ,metabolism ,oxidative metabolism ,thermogenesis ,uncoupled respiration ,Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics ,Endocrinology & Metabolism ,Biochemistry and cell biology ,Medical biochemistry and metabolomics - Abstract
The activation of brown/beige adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism and the induction of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression are essential for BAT-based strategies to improve metabolic homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that BAT utilizes actomyosin machinery to generate tensional responses following adrenergic stimulation, similar to muscle tissues. The activation of actomyosin mechanics is critical for the acute induction of oxidative metabolism and uncoupled respiration in UCP1+ adipocytes. Moreover, we show that actomyosin-mediated elasticity regulates the thermogenic capacity of adipocytes via the mechanosensitive transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ, which are indispensable for normal BAT function. These biomechanical signaling mechanisms may inform future strategies to promote the expansion and activation of brown/beige adipocytes.
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- 2018
14. WAT-on-a-chip: a physiologically relevant microfluidic system incorporating white adipose tissue.
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Loskill, Peter, Sezhian, Thiagarajan, Tharp, Kevin M, Lee-Montiel, Felipe T, Jeeawoody, Shaheen, Reese, Willie Mae, Zushin, Peter-James H, Stahl, Andreas, and Healy, Kevin E
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3T3 Cells ,Animals ,Humans ,Mice ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,Equipment Design ,Models ,Biological ,Computer Simulation ,Adipose Tissue ,White ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Obesity ,Biotechnology ,Bioengineering ,Nutrition ,Stroke ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Chemical Sciences ,Engineering ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip systems possess a promising future as drug screening assays and as testbeds for disease modeling in the context of both single-organ systems and multi-organ-chips. Although it comprises approximately one fourth of the body weight of a healthy human, an organ frequently overlooked in this context is white adipose tissue (WAT). WAT-on-a-chip systems are required to create safety profiles of a large number of drugs due to their interactions with adipose tissue and other organs via paracrine signals, fatty acid release, and drug levels through sequestration. We report a WAT-on-a-chip system with a footprint of less than 1 mm2 consisting of a separate media channel and WAT chamber connected via small micropores. Analogous to the in vivo blood circulation, convective transport is thereby confined to the vasculature-like structures and the tissues protected from shear stresses. Numerical and analytical modeling revealed that the flow rates in the WAT chambers are less than 1/100 of the input flow rate. Using optimized injection parameters, we were able to inject pre-adipocytes, which subsequently formed adipose tissue featuring fully functional lipid metabolism. The physiologically relevant microfluidic environment of the WAT-chip supported long term culture of the functional adipose tissue for more than two weeks. Due to its physiological, highly controlled, and computationally predictable character, the system has the potential to be a powerful tool for the study of adipose tissue associated diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.
- Published
- 2017
15. A Bioengineering Approach to Myopia Control Tested in a Guinea Pig ModelA Bioengineering Approach to Myopia Control
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Garcia, Mariana B, Jha, Amit K, Healy, Kevin E, and Wildsoet, Christine F
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Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision ,Bioengineering ,Eye ,Animals ,Disease Models ,Animal ,Electroretinography ,Guinea Pigs ,Hydrogel ,Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate ,Injections ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Myopia ,Refraction ,Ocular ,Sensory Deprivation ,Treatment Outcome ,Visual Acuity ,myopia ,sclera ,guinea pig ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Ophthalmology & Optometry - Abstract
PurposeTo investigate the biocompatibility of an injectable hydrogel and its ability to control myopia progression in guinea pigs.MethodsThe study used a hydrogel synthesized from acrylated hyaluronic acid with a conjugated cell-binding peptide and enzymatically degradable crosslinker. Seven-day-old guinea pigs were first form deprived (FD) with diffusers for 1 week. One group was kept as an FD-only control; two groups received a sub-Tenon's capsule injection of either hydrogel or buffer (sham surgery) at the posterior pole of the eye. Form deprivation treatments were then continued for 3 additional weeks. Treatment effects were evaluated in terms of ocular axial length and refractive error. Safety was evaluated via intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, flash electroretinograms (ERG), and histology.ResultsBoth hydrogel and sham surgery groups showed significantly reduced axial elongation and myopia progression compared to the FD-only group. For axial lengths, net changes in interocular difference (treated minus control) were 0.04 ± 0.06, 0.02 ± 0.09, and 0.24 ± 0.08 mm for hydrogel, sham, and FD-only groups, respectively (P = 0.0006). Intraocular pressures, visual acuities, and ERGs of treated eyes were not significantly different from contralateral controls. Extensive cell migration into the implants was evident. Both surgery groups showed noticeable Tenon's capsule thickening.ConclusionsSub-Tenon's capsule injections of both hydrogel and buffer inhibited myopia progression, with no adverse effects on ocular health. The latter unexpected effect warrants further investigation as a potential novel myopia control therapy. That the hydrogel implant supported significant cell infiltration offers further proof of its biocompatibility, with potential application as a tool for drug and cell delivery.
- Published
- 2017
16. Multivalent hyaluronic acid bioconjugates improve sFlt-1 activity in vitro
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Altiok, Eda I, Santiago-Ortiz, Jorge L, Svedlund, Felicia L, Zbinden, Aline, Jha, Amit K, Bhatnagar, Deepika, Loskill, Peter, Jackson, Wesley M, Schaffer, David V, and Healy, Kevin E
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Biological Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Ophthalmology and Optometry ,Diabetes ,Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision ,5.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Eye ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Biocompatible Materials ,Cell Movement ,Chromatography ,Gel ,Dynamic Light Scattering ,Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ,Humans ,Hyaluronic Acid ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 ,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 ,Hyaluronic acid ,Anti-VEGF drug ,Angiogenesis ,Drug delivery - Abstract
Anti-VEGF drugs that are used in conjunction with laser ablation to treat patients with diabetic retinopathy suffer from short half-lives in the vitreous of the eye resulting in the need for frequent intravitreal injections. To improve the intravitreal half-life of anti-VEGF drugs, such as the VEGF decoy receptor sFlt-1, we developed multivalent bioconjugates of sFlt-1 grafted to linear hyaluronic acid (HyA) chains termed mvsFlt. Using size exclusion chromatography with multiangle light scattering (SEC-MALS), SDS-PAGE, and dynamic light scattering (DLS), we characterized the mvsFlt with a focus on the molecular weight contribution of protein and HyA components to the overall bioconjugate size. We found that mvsFlt activity was independent of HyA conjugation using a sandwich ELISA and in vitro angiogenesis assays including cell survival, migration and tube formation. Using an in vitro model of the vitreous with crosslinked HyA gels, we demonstrated that larger mvsFlt bioconjugates showed slowed release and mobility in these hydrogels compared to low molecular weight mvsFlt and unconjugated sFlt-1. Finally, we used an enzyme specific to sFlt-1 to show that conjugation to HyA shields sFlt-1 from protein degradation. Taken together, our findings suggest that mvsFlt bioconjugates retain VEGF binding affinity, shield sFlt-1 from enzymatic degradation, and their movement in hydrogel networks (in vitro model of the vitreous) is controlled by both bioconjugate size and hydrogel network mesh size. These results suggest that a strategy of multivalent conjugation could substantially improve drug residence time in the eye and potentially improve therapeutics for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
- Published
- 2016
17. sFlt Multivalent Conjugates Inhibit Angiogenesis and Improve Half-Life In Vivo
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Altiok, Eda I, Browne, Shane, Khuc, Emily, Moran, Elizabeth P, Qiu, Fangfang, Zhou, Kelu, Santiago-Ortiz, Jorge L, Ma, Jian-xing, Chan, Matilda F, and Healy, Kevin E
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BRII recipient: Siemons - Abstract
Current anti-VEGF drugs for patients with diabetic retinopathy suffer from short residence time in the vitreous of the eye. In order to maintain biologically effective doses of drug for inhibiting retinal neovascularization, patients are required to receive regular monthly injections of drug, which often results in low patient compliance and progression of the disease. To improve the intravitreal residence time of anti-VEGF drugs, we have synthesized multivalent bioconjugates of an anti-VEGF protein, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt) that is covalently grafted to chains of hyaluronic acid (HyA), conjugates that are termed mvsFlt. Using a mouse corneal angiogenesis assay, we demonstrate that covalent conjugation to HyA chains does not decrease the bioactivity of sFlt and that mvsFlt is equivalent to sFlt at inhibiting corneal angiogenesis. In a rat vitreous model, we observed that mvsFlt had significantly increased intravitreal residence time compared to the unconjugated sFlt after 2 days. The calculated intravitreal half-lives for sFlt and mvsFlt were 3.3 and 35 hours, respectively. Furthermore, we show that mvsFlt is more effective than the unconjugated form at inhibiting retinal neovascularization in an oxygen-induced retinopathy model, an effect that is most likely due to the longer half-life of mvsFlt in the vitreous. Taken together, our results indicate that conjugation of sFlt to HyA does not affect its affinity for VEGF and this conjugation significantly improves drug half-life. These in vivo results suggest that our strategy of multivalent conjugation could substantially improve upon drug half-life, and thus the efficacy of currently available drugs that are used in diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, thereby improving patient quality of life.
- Published
- 2016
18. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 mediated degradation of hyaluronic acid-based matrices orchestrates stem cell engraftment through vascular integration.
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Jha, Amit K, Tharp, Kevin M, Browne, Shane, Ye, Jianqin, Stahl, Andreas, Yeghiazarians, Yerem, and Healy, Kevin E
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Myocardium ,Cells ,Cultured ,Stem Cells ,Animals ,Mice ,Inbred C57BL ,Mice ,Hyaluronic Acid ,Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ,Peptides ,Biocompatible Materials ,Stem Cell Transplantation ,Cell Adhesion ,Cell Proliferation ,Neovascularization ,Physiologic ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 ,Tissue Scaffolds ,Hydrogel ,Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate ,Growth factor sequestration ,Hyaluronic acid hydrogel ,MMP cleavable peptide ,Neovascularization ,Stem cell transplantation ,TGFβ1 ,Regenerative Medicine ,Stem Cell Research ,Bioengineering ,TGF beta 1 ,Biomedical Engineering - Abstract
A critical design parameter for the function of synthetic extracellular matrices is to synchronize the gradual cell-mediated degradation of the matrix with the endogenous secretion of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) (e.g., creeping substitution). In hyaluronic acid (HyA)-based hydrogel matrices, we have investigated the effects of peptide crosslinkers with different matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) sensitivities on network degradation and neovascularization in vivo. The HyA hydrogel matrices consisted of cell adhesive peptides, heparin for both the presentation of exogenous and sequestration of endogenously synthesized growth factors, and MMP cleavable peptide linkages (i.e., QPQGLAK, GPLGMHGK, and GPLGLSLGK). Sca1(+)/CD45(-)/CD34(+)/CD44(+) cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) cultured in the matrices with the slowly degradable QPQGLAK hydrogels supported the highest production of MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, VEGF165, and a range of angiogenesis related proteins. Hydrogels with QPQGLAK crosslinks supported prolonged retention of these proteins via heparin within the matrix, stimulating rapid vascular development, and anastomosis with the host vasculature when implanted in the murine hindlimb.
- Published
- 2016
19. Miniaturized iPS-Cell-Derived Cardiac Muscles for Physiologically Relevant Drug Response Analyses.
- Author
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Huebsch, Nathaniel, Loskill, Peter, Deveshwar, Nikhil, Spencer, C Ian, Judge, Luke M, Mandegar, Mohammad A, Fox, Cade B, Mohamed, Tamer MA, Ma, Zhen, Mathur, Anurag, Sheehan, Alice M, Truong, Annie, Saxton, Mike, Yoo, Jennie, Srivastava, Deepak, Desai, Tejal A, So, Po-Lin, Healy, Kevin E, and Conklin, Bruce R
- Subjects
Sarcomeres ,Cells ,Cultured ,Stromal Cells ,Myocytes ,Cardiac ,Humans ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Cell Differentiation ,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Cells ,Cultured ,Myocytes ,Cardiac ,Cardiovascular ,Heart Disease ,Stem Cell Research ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Other Physical Sciences - Abstract
Tissue engineering approaches have the potential to increase the physiologic relevance of human iPS-derived cells, such as cardiomyocytes (iPS-CM). However, forming Engineered Heart Muscle (EHM) typically requires >1 million cells per tissue. Existing miniaturization strategies involve complex approaches not amenable to mass production, limiting the ability to use EHM for iPS-based disease modeling and drug screening. Micro-scale cardiospheres are easily produced, but do not facilitate assembly of elongated muscle or direct force measurements. Here we describe an approach that combines features of EHM and cardiospheres: Micro-Heart Muscle (μHM) arrays, in which elongated muscle fibers are formed in an easily fabricated template, with as few as 2,000 iPS-CM per individual tissue. Within μHM, iPS-CM exhibit uniaxial contractility and alignment, robust sarcomere assembly, and reduced variability and hypersensitivity in drug responsiveness, compared to monolayers with the same cellular composition. μHM mounted onto standard force measurement apparatus exhibited a robust Frank-Starling response to external stretch, and a dose-dependent inotropic response to the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. Based on the ease of fabrication, the potential for mass production and the small number of cells required to form μHM, this system provides a potentially powerful tool to study cardiomyocyte maturation, disease and cardiotoxicology in vitro.
- Published
- 2016
20. Application of 3D Printing for Smart Objects with Embedded Electronic Sensors and Systems
- Author
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Ota, Hiroki, Emaminejad, Sam, Gao, Yuji, Zhao, Allan, Wu, Eric, Challa, Samyuktha, Chen, Kevin, Fahad, Hossain M, Jha, Amit K, Kiriya, Daisuke, Gao, Wei, Shiraki, Hiroshi, Morioka, Kazuhito, Ferguson, Adam R, Healy, Kevin E, Davis, Ronald W, and Javey, Ali
- Subjects
Engineering ,Electronics ,Sensors and Digital Hardware ,Good Health and Well Being ,Chemical sciences ,Physical sciences - Published
- 2016
21. In vitro cardiac tissue models: Current status and future prospects
- Author
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Mathur, Anurag, Ma, Zhen, Loskill, Peter, Jeeawoody, Shaheen, and Healy, Kevin E
- Subjects
Heart Disease ,Cardiovascular ,Bioengineering ,Biotechnology ,Good Health and Well Being ,Animals ,Biocompatible Materials ,Embryonic Stem Cells ,Heart ,Humans ,Hydrogels ,Models ,Cardiovascular ,Myocytes ,Cardiac ,Tissue Engineering ,Tissue Scaffolds ,Cardiac tissue models ,Biomaterials ,Tissue engineering ,Regenerative medicine ,In vitro cardiac tissue engineering ,Drug screening ,Disease modeling ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Pharmacology & Pharmacy - Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Achieving the next phase of potential treatment strategies and better prognostic tools will require a concerted effort from interdisciplinary fields. Biomaterials-based cardiac tissue models are revolutionizing the area of preclinical research and translational applications. The goal of in vitro cardiac tissue modeling is to create physiological functional models of the human myocardium, which is a difficult task due to the complex structure and function of the human heart. This review describes the advances made in area of in vitro cardiac models using biomaterials and bioinspired platforms. The field has progressed extensively in the past decade, and we envision its applications in the areas of drug screening, disease modeling, and precision medicine.
- Published
- 2016
22. Matrix-Assisted Transplantation of Functional Beige Adipose Tissue.
- Author
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Tharp, Kevin M, Jha, Amit K, Kraiczy, Judith, Yesian, Alexandra, Karateev, Grigory, Sinisi, Riccardo, Dubikovskaya, Elena A, Healy, Kevin E, and Stahl, Andreas
- Subjects
Adipocytes ,Stem Cells ,Animals ,Mice ,Ion Channels ,Mitochondrial Proteins ,Body Temperature ,Cell Adhesion ,Cell Differentiation ,Energy Metabolism ,Thermogenesis ,Adipose Tissue ,Brown ,Tissue Scaffolds ,Cold Temperature ,Uncoupling Protein 1 ,Adipose Tissue ,Brown ,Endocrinology & Metabolism ,Medical and Health Sciences - Abstract
Novel, clinically relevant, approaches to shift energy balance are urgently needed to combat metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. One promising approach has been the expansion of brown adipose tissues that express uncoupling protein (UCP) 1 and thus can uncouple mitochondrial respiration from ATP synthesis. While expansion of UCP1-expressing adipose depots may be achieved in rodents via genetic and pharmacological manipulations or the transplantation of brown fat depots, these methods are difficult to use for human clinical intervention. We present a novel cell scaffold technology optimized to establish functional brown fat-like depots in vivo. We adapted the biophysical properties of hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels to support the differentiation of white adipose tissue-derived multipotent stem cells (ADMSCs) into lipid-accumulating, UCP1-expressing beige adipose tissue. Subcutaneous implantation of ADMSCs within optimized hydrogels resulted in the establishment of distinct UCP1-expressing implants that successfully attracted host vasculature and persisted for several weeks. Importantly, implant recipients demonstrated elevated core body temperature during cold challenges, enhanced respiration rates, improved glucose homeostasis, and reduced weight gain, demonstrating the therapeutic merit of this highly translatable approach. This novel approach is the first truly clinically translatable system to unlock the therapeutic potential of brown fat-like tissue expansion.
- Published
- 2015
23. Directing cell migration and organization via nanocrater-patterned cell-repellent interfaces
- Author
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Jeon, Hojeong, Koo, Sangmo, Reese, Willie Mae, Loskill, Peter, Grigoropoulos, Costas P, and Healy, Kevin E
- Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Biological Sciences ,Animals ,Cell Adhesion ,Focal Adhesions ,Mice ,NIH 3T3 Cells ,Nanostructures ,Surface Properties ,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology - Abstract
Although adhesive interactions between cells and nanostructured interfaces have been studied extensively, there is a paucity of data on how nanostructured interfaces repel cells by directing cell migration and cell-colony organization. Here, by using multiphoton ablation lithography to pattern surfaces with nanoscale craters of various aspect ratios and pitches, we show that the surfaces altered the cells' focal-adhesion size and distribution, thus affecting cell morphology, migration and ultimately localization. We also show that nanocrater pitch can disrupt the formation of mature focal adhesions to favour the migration of cells towards higher-pitched regions, which present increased planar area for the formation of stable focal adhesions. Moreover, by designing surfaces with variable pitch but constant nanocrater dimensions, we were able to create circular and striped cellular patterns. Our surface-patterning approach, which does not involve chemical treatments and can be applied to various materials, represents a simple method to control cell behaviour on surfaces.
- Published
- 2015
24. Multivalent Conjugates of Sonic Hedgehog Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing
- Author
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Han, Bruce W, Layman, Hans, Rode, Nikhil A, Conway, Anthony, Schaffer, David V, Boudreau, Nancy J, Jackson, Wesley M, and Healy, Kevin E
- Subjects
Engineering ,Biomedical Engineering ,Diabetes ,Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,5.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Animals ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Disease Models ,Animal ,Hedgehog Proteins ,Mice ,Mice ,Inbred C57BL ,NIH 3T3 Cells ,Neovascularization ,Physiologic ,Signal Transduction ,Time Factors ,Wound Healing ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Materials Engineering ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Despite their preclinical promise, few recombinant growth factors have been fully developed into effective therapies, in part, due to the short interval of therapeutic activity after administration. To address this problem, we developed nanoscale polymer conjugates for multivalent presentation of therapeutic proteins that enhance the activation of targeted cellular responses. As an example of this technology, we conjugated multiple Sonic hedgehog (Shh) proteins onto individual hyaluronic acid biopolymers to generate multivalent protein clusters at defined ratios (i.e., valencies) that yield enhanced Shh pathway activation at equivalent concentrations relative to unconjugated Shh. In this study, we investigated whether these multivalent conjugates (mvShh) could be used to improve the therapeutic function of Shh. We found that a single treatment with mvShh significantly accelerated the closure of full-thickness wounds in diabetic (db/db) mice compared to either an equivalent dose of unconjugated Shh or the vehicle control. Furthermore, we identified specific indicators of wound healing in fibroblasts and endothelial cells (i.e., transcriptional activation and cell migration) that were activated by mvShh in vitro and at concentrations approximately an order of magnitude lower than the unconjugated Shh. Taken together, our findings suggest that mvShh conjugates exhibit greater potency to activate the Shh pathway, and this multivalency advantage improves its therapeutic effect to accelerate wound closure in a diabetic animal model. Our strategy of multivalent protein presentation using nanoscale polymer conjugates has the potential to make a significant impact on the development of protein-based therapies by improving their in vivo performance.
- Published
- 2015
25. Self-organizing human cardiac microchambers mediated by geometric confinement.
- Author
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Ma, Zhen, Wang, Jason, Loskill, Peter, Huebsch, Nathaniel, Koo, Sangmo, Svedlund, Felicia L, Marks, Natalie C, Hua, Ethan W, Grigoropoulos, Costas P, Conklin, Bruce R, and Healy, Kevin E
- Subjects
Myocardium ,Heart ,Myocytes ,Cardiac ,Humans ,Cadherins ,Cell Count ,Cues ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell Proliferation ,Cell Movement ,Cell Lineage ,Morphogenesis ,Body Patterning ,Stress ,Mechanical ,Models ,Cardiovascular ,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Myofibroblasts ,Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ,Wnt Signaling Pathway ,In Vitro Techniques ,Heart Disease ,Cardiovascular ,Regenerative Medicine ,Stem Cell Research - Embryonic - Non-Human ,Stem Cell Research ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Myocytes ,Cardiac ,Stress ,Mechanical ,Models - Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis and organ formation are the consequences of biochemical and biophysical cues that lead to cellular spatial patterning in development. To model such events in vitro, we use PEG-patterned substrates to geometrically confine human pluripotent stem cell colonies and spatially present mechanical stress. Modulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway promotes spatial patterning via geometric confinement of the cell condensation process during epithelial-mesenchymal transition, forcing cells at the perimeter to express an OCT4+ annulus, which is coincident with a region of higher cell density and E-cadherin expression. The biochemical and biophysical cues synergistically induce self-organizing lineage specification and creation of a beating human cardiac microchamber confined by the pattern geometry. These highly defined human cardiac microchambers can be used to study aspects of embryonic spatial patterning, early cardiac development and drug-induced developmental toxicity.
- Published
- 2015
26. Molecular weight and concentration of heparin in hyaluronic acid-based matrices modulates growth factor retention kinetics and stem cell fate
- Author
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Jha, Amit K, Mathur, Anurag, Svedlund, Felicia L, Ye, Jianqin, Yeghiazarians, Yerem, and Healy, Kevin E
- Subjects
Engineering ,Biomedical Engineering ,Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human ,Regenerative Medicine ,Stem Cell Research ,Cardiovascular ,Animals ,Cell Differentiation ,Cells ,Cultured ,Heparin ,Hyaluronic Acid ,Hydrogels ,Kinetics ,Mice ,Molecular Weight ,Stem Cells ,Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ,Hyaluronic acid hydrogel ,Cardiac progenitor cell ,Growth factor sequestration ,Neovascularization ,LMWH ,UMWH ,HMWH ,TGF beta 1 ,TGFβ1 ,Chemical Engineering ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Pharmacology & Pharmacy ,Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Growth factors are critical for regulating and inducing various stem cell functions. To study the effects of growth factor delivery kinetics and presentation on stem cell fate, we developed a series of heparin-containing hyaluronic acid (HyA)-based hydrogels with various degrees of growth factor affinity and retention. To characterize this system, we investigated the effect of heparin molecular weight, fractionation, and relative concentration on the loading efficiency and retention kinetics of TGFβ1 as a model growth factor. At equal concentrations, high MW heparin both loaded and retained the greatest amount of TGFβ1, and had the slowest release kinetics, primarily due to the higher affinity with TGFβ1 compared to low MW or unfractionated heparin. Subsequently, we tested the effect of TGFβ1, presented from various heparin-containing matrices, to differentiate a versatile population of Sca-1(+)/CD45(-) cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) into endothelial cells and form vascular-like networks in vitro. High MW heparin HyA hydrogels stimulated more robust differentiation of CPCs into endothelial cells, which formed vascular-like networks within the hydrogel. This observation was attributed to the ability of high MW heparin HyA hydrogels to sequester endogenously synthesized angiogenic factors within the matrix. These results demonstrate the importance of molecular weight, fractionation, and concentration of heparin on presentation of heparin-binding growth factors and their effect on stem cell differentiation and lineage specification.
- Published
- 2015
27. Automated Video-Based Analysis of Contractility and Calcium Flux in Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Cultured over Different Spatial Scales
- Author
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Huebsch, Nathaniel, Loskill, Peter, Mandegar, Mohammad A, Marks, Natalie C, Sheehan, Alice S, Ma, Zhen, Mathur, Anurag, Nguyen, Trieu N, Yoo, Jennie C, Judge, Luke M, Spencer, C Ian, Chukka, Anand C, Russell, Caitlin R, So, Po-Lin, Conklin, Bruce R, and Healy, Kevin E
- Subjects
Engineering ,Biomedical Engineering ,Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ,Stem Cell Research ,Bioengineering ,Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human ,Regenerative Medicine ,Algorithms ,Calcium ,Cell Differentiation ,Cells ,Cultured ,Humans ,Image Processing ,Computer-Assisted ,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Microscopy ,Video ,Myocardial Contraction ,Myocytes ,Cardiac ,Patch-Clamp Techniques ,Pattern Recognition ,Automated ,Signal Transduction ,Signal-To-Noise Ratio ,Software ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Contractile motion is the simplest metric of cardiomyocyte health in vitro, but unbiased quantification is challenging. We describe a rapid automated method, requiring only standard video microscopy, to analyze the contractility of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CM). New algorithms for generating and filtering motion vectors combined with a newly developed isogenic iPSC line harboring genetically encoded calcium indicator, GCaMP6f, allow simultaneous user-independent measurement and analysis of the coupling between calcium flux and contractility. The relative performance of these algorithms, in terms of improving signal to noise, was tested. Applying these algorithms allowed analysis of contractility in iPS-CM cultured over multiple spatial scales from single cells to three-dimensional constructs. This open source software was validated with analysis of isoproterenol response in these cells, and can be applied in future studies comparing the drug responsiveness of iPS-CM cultured in different microenvironments in the context of tissue engineering.
- Published
- 2015
28. Enhanced survival and engraftment of transplanted stem cells using growth factor sequestering hydrogels
- Author
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Jha, Amit K, Tharp, Kevin M, Ye, Jianqin, Santiago-Ortiz, Jorge L, Jackson, Wesley M, Stahl, Andreas, Schaffer, David V, Yeghiazarians, Yerem, and Healy, Kevin E
- Subjects
Engineering ,Biomedical Engineering ,Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human ,Regenerative Medicine ,Bioengineering ,Stem Cell Research ,Transplantation ,Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Human ,Cardiovascular ,5.2 Cellular and gene therapies ,Animals ,Binding Sites ,Biocompatible Materials ,Cell Adhesion ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell Proliferation ,Cell Survival ,Heparin ,Hyaluronic Acid ,Hydrogels ,Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ,Mice ,Neovascularization ,Pathologic ,Peptides ,Stem Cell Transplantation ,Stem Cells ,Stress ,Mechanical ,Sulfhydryl Compounds ,Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ,Stem cell transplantation ,Hyaluronic acid hydrogel ,Growth factor sequestration ,Neovascularization ,TGF beta 1 ,TGFβ1 - Abstract
We have generated a bioinspired tunable system of hyaluronic acid (HyA)-based hydrogels for Matrix-Assisted Cell Transplantation (MACT). With this material, we have independently evaluated matrix parameters such as adhesion peptide density, mechanical properties, and growth factor sequestering capacity, to engineer an environment that imbues donor cells with a milieu that promotes survival and engraftment with host tissues after transplantation. Using a versatile population of Sca-1(+)/CD45(-) cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), we demonstrated that the addition of heparin in the HyA hydrogels was necessary to coordinate the presentation of TGFβ1 and to support the trophic functions of the CPCs via endothelial cell differentiation and vascular like tubular network formation. Presentation of exogenous TGFβ1 by binding with heparin improved differentiated CPC function by sequestering additional endogenously-produced angiogenic factors. Finally, we demonstrated that TGFβ1 and heparin-containing HyA hydrogels can promote CPC survival when implanted subcutaneously into murine hind-limbs and encouraged their participation in the ensuing neovascular response, which included blood vessels that had anastomosed with the host's blood vessels.
- Published
- 2015
29. Human iPSC-based cardiac microphysiological system for drug screening applications.
- Author
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Mathur, Anurag, Loskill, Peter, Shao, Kaifeng, Huebsch, Nathaniel, Hong, SoonGweon, Marcus, Sivan G, Marks, Natalie, Mandegar, Mohammad, Conklin, Bruce R, Lee, Luke P, and Healy, Kevin E
- Subjects
Cells ,Cultured ,Myocytes ,Cardiac ,Humans ,Cardiovascular Agents ,Biological Assay ,Flow Injection Analysis ,Tissue Array Analysis ,Equipment Design ,Equipment Failure Analysis ,Drug Evaluation ,Preclinical ,Cell Differentiation ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Cells ,Cultured ,Myocytes ,Cardiac ,Drug Evaluation ,Preclinical ,Regenerative Medicine ,Cardiovascular ,Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human ,Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ,Heart Disease ,Stem Cell Research ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Other Physical Sciences - Abstract
Drug discovery and development are hampered by high failure rates attributed to the reliance on non-human animal models employed during safety and efficacy testing. A fundamental problem in this inefficient process is that non-human animal models cannot adequately represent human biology. Thus, there is an urgent need for high-content in vitro systems that can better predict drug-induced toxicity. Systems that predict cardiotoxicity are of uppermost significance, as approximately one third of safety-based pharmaceutical withdrawals are due to cardiotoxicty. Here, we present a cardiac microphysiological system (MPS) with the attributes required for an ideal in vitro system to predict cardiotoxicity: i) cells with a human genetic background; ii) physiologically relevant tissue structure (e.g. aligned cells); iii) computationally predictable perfusion mimicking human vasculature; and, iv) multiple modes of analysis (e.g. biological, electrophysiological, and physiological). Our MPS is able to keep human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiac tissue viable and functional over multiple weeks. Pharmacological studies using the cardiac MPS show half maximal inhibitory/effective concentration values (IC₅₀/EC₅₀) that are more consistent with the data on tissue scale references compared to cellular scale studies. We anticipate the widespread adoption of MPSs for drug screening and disease modeling.
- Published
- 2015
30. Intramyocardial injection of a fully synthetic hydrogel attenuates left ventricular remodeling post myocardial infarction
- Author
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Matsumura, Yasumoto, Zhu, Yang, Jiang, Hongbin, D'Amore, Antonio, Luketich, Samuel K., Charwat, Verena, Yoshizumi, Tomo, Sato, Hideyoshi, Yang, Brenda, Uchibori, Takafumi, Healy, Kevin E., and Wagner, William R.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. A combined hiPSC-derived endothelial cell and in vitro microfluidic platform for assessing biomaterial-based angiogenesis
- Author
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Natividad-Diaz, Sylvia L., Browne, Shane, Jha, Amit K., Ma, Zhen, Hossainy, Samir, Kurokawa, Yosuke K., George, Steven C., and Healy, Kevin E.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Calcium transients closely reflect prolonged action potentials in iPSC models of inherited cardiac arrhythmia.
- Author
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Spencer, C Ian, Baba, Shiro, Nakamura, Kenta, Hua, Ethan A, Sears, Marie AF, Fu, Chi-cheng, Zhang, Jianhua, Balijepalli, Sadguna, Tomoda, Kiichiro, Hayashi, Yohei, Lizarraga, Paweena, Wojciak, Julianne, Scheinman, Melvin M, Aalto-Setälä, Katriina, Makielski, Jonathan C, January, Craig T, Healy, Kevin E, Kamp, Timothy J, Yamanaka, Shinya, and Conklin, Bruce R
- Subjects
Myocytes ,Cardiac ,Humans ,Calcium ,Nifedipine ,Caffeine ,Patch-Clamp Techniques ,Cell Differentiation ,Action Potentials ,Genotype ,Phenotype ,Polymorphism ,Single Nucleotide ,Middle Aged ,Infant ,Newborn ,Female ,Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels ,Arrhythmias ,Cardiac ,Young Adult ,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ,NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel ,Myocytes ,Cardiac ,Polymorphism ,Single Nucleotide ,Infant ,Newborn ,Arrhythmias ,Genetics ,Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human ,Heart Disease ,Stem Cell Research ,Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ,Cardiovascular ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Clinical Sciences - Abstract
Long-QT syndrome mutations can cause syncope and sudden death by prolonging the cardiac action potential (AP). Ion channels affected by mutations are various, and the influences of cellular calcium cycling on LQTS cardiac events are unknown. To better understand LQTS arrhythmias, we performed current-clamp and intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) measurements on cardiomyocytes differentiated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS-CM). In myocytes carrying an LQT2 mutation (HERG-A422T), APs and [Ca(2+)]i transients were prolonged in parallel. APs were abbreviated by nifedipine exposure and further lengthened upon releasing intracellularly stored Ca(2+). Validating this model, control iPS-CM treated with HERG-blocking drugs recapitulated the LQT2 phenotype. In LQT3 iPS-CM, expressing NaV1.5-N406K, APs and [Ca(2+)]i transients were markedly prolonged. AP prolongation was sensitive to tetrodotoxin and to inhibiting Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange. These results suggest that LQTS mutations act partly on cytosolic Ca(2+) cycling, potentially providing a basis for functionally targeted interventions regardless of the specific mutation site.
- Published
- 2014
33. Three-dimensional filamentous human diseased cardiac tissue model
- Author
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Ma, Zhen, Koo, Sangmo, Finnegan, Micaela A, Loskill, Peter, Huebsch, Nathaniel, Marks, Natalie C, Conklin, Bruce R, Grigoropoulos, Costas P, and Healy, Kevin E
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Engineering ,Biomedical Engineering ,Heart Disease ,Stem Cell Research ,Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ,Cardiovascular ,Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Case-Control Studies ,Cell Differentiation ,Drug Evaluation ,Preclinical ,Flow Cytometry ,Humans ,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Long QT Syndrome ,Microscopy ,Atomic Force ,Microscopy ,Electron ,Scanning ,Models ,Biological ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Induced pluripotent stem cells ,Cardiac disease model ,Two-photon initiated polymerization ,Long QT syndrome ,Cardiac contractility ,Drug testing - Abstract
A human in vitro cardiac tissue model would be a significant advancement for understanding, studying, and developing new strategies for treating cardiac arrhythmias and related cardiovascular diseases. We developed an in vitro model of three-dimensional (3D) human cardiac tissue by populating synthetic filamentous matrices with cardiomyocytes derived from healthy wild-type volunteer (WT) and patient-specific long QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS-CMs) to mimic the condensed and aligned human ventricular myocardium. Using such a highly controllable cardiac model, we studied the contractility malfunctions associated with the electrophysiological consequences of LQT3 and their response to a panel of drugs. By varying the stiffness of filamentous matrices, LQT3 iPS-CMs exhibited different level of contractility abnormality and susceptibility to drug-induced cardiotoxicity.
- Published
- 2014
34. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-based microphysiological tissue models of myocardium and liver for drug development
- Author
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Mathur, Anurag, Loskill, Peter, Hong, SoonGweon, Lee, Jae Young, Marcus, Sivan G, Dumont, Laure, Conklin, Bruce R, Willenbring, Holger, Lee, Luke P, and Healy, Kevin E
- Subjects
Biological Sciences ,Rare Diseases ,Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ,Stem Cell Research ,Liver Disease ,Regenerative Medicine ,Digestive Diseases ,Biotechnology ,Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human ,Bioengineering ,Orphan Drug ,5.9 Resources and infrastructure (treatment development) ,5.2 Cellular and gene therapies ,5.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Generic health relevance ,Good Health and Well Being ,Cell Differentiation ,Collagen ,Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ,Drug Combinations ,Hepatocytes ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Laminin ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,Myoblasts ,Cardiac ,Proteoglycans ,Technology ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Drug discovery and development to date has relied on animal models, which are useful but are often expensive, slow, and fail to mimic human physiology. The discovery of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has led to the emergence of a new paradigm of drug screening using human and disease-specific organ-like cultures in a dish. Although classical static culture systems are useful for initial screening and toxicity testing, they lack the organization of differentiated iPS cells into microphysiological, organ-like structures deemed necessary for high-content analysis of candidate drugs. One promising approach to produce these organ-like structures is the use of advanced microfluidic systems, which can simulate tissue structure and function at a micron level, and can provide high-throughput testing of different compounds for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Here, we provide a brief outline on the different approaches, which have been used to engineer in vitro tissue constructs of iPS cell-based myocardium and liver functions on chip. Combining these techniques with iPS cell biology has the potential of reducing the dependence on animal studies for drug toxicity and efficacy screening.
- Published
- 2013
35. Multivalent ligands control stem cell behaviour in vitro and in vivo
- Author
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Conway, Anthony, Vazin, Tandis, Spelke, Dawn P, Rode, Nikhil A, Healy, Kevin E, Kane, Ravi S, and Schaffer, David V
- Subjects
Stem Cell Research ,Nanotechnology ,Biotechnology ,Bioengineering ,Regenerative Medicine ,Neurosciences ,Stem Cell Research - Embryonic - Human ,Underpinning research ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Generic health relevance ,Animals ,Brain ,Cell Differentiation ,Cells ,Cultured ,Embryonic Stem Cells ,Ephrin-B2 ,Humans ,Ligands ,Mice ,Nanoconjugates ,Neural Stem Cells ,Neurons ,Receptors ,Eph Family ,Recombinant Proteins ,Signal Transduction ,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology - Abstract
There is broad interest in designing nanostructured materials that can interact with cells and regulate key downstream functions. In particular, materials with nanoscale features may enable control over multivalent interactions, which involve the simultaneous binding of multiple ligands on one entity to multiple receptors on another and are ubiquitous throughout biology. Cellular signal transduction of growth factor and morphogen cues (which have critical roles in regulating cell function and fate) often begins with such multivalent binding of ligands, either secreted or cell-surface-tethered to target cell receptors, leading to receptor clustering. Cellular mechanisms that orchestrate ligand-receptor oligomerization are complex, however, so the capacity to control multivalent interactions and thereby modulate key signalling events within living systems is currently very limited. Here, we demonstrate the design of potent multivalent conjugates that can organize stem cell receptors into nanoscale clusters and control stem cell behaviour in vitro and in vivo. The ectodomain of ephrin-B2, normally an integral membrane protein ligand, was conjugated to a soluble biopolymer to yield multivalent nanoscale conjugates that potently induce signalling in neural stem cells and promote their neuronal differentiation both in culture and within the brain. Super-resolution microscopy analysis yielded insights into the organization of the receptor-ligand clusters at the nanoscale. We also found that synthetic multivalent conjugates of ephrin-B1 strongly enhance human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation into functional dopaminergic neurons. Multivalent bioconjugates are therefore powerful tools and potential nanoscale therapeutics for controlling the behaviour of target stem cells in vitro and in vivo.
- Published
- 2013
36. Engineering Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis by Modulation of Nuclear Shape
- Author
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Thomas, Carson H., Collier, Joel H., Sfeir, Charles S., and Healy, Kevin E.
- Published
- 2002
37. Multivalent hyaluronic acid bioconjugates improve sFlt-1 activity in vitro
- Author
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Altiok, Eda I., Santiago-Ortiz, Jorge L., Svedlund, Felicia L., Zbinden, Aline, Jha, Amit K., Bhatnagar, Deepika, Loskill, Peter, Jackson, Wesley M., Schaffer, David V., and Healy, Kevin E.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 mediated degradation of hyaluronic acid-based matrices orchestrates stem cell engraftment through vascular integration
- Author
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Jha, Amit K., Tharp, Kevin M., Browne, Shane, Ye, Jianqin, Stahl, Andreas, Yeghiazarians, Yerem, and Healy, Kevin E.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The effect of multivalent Sonic hedgehog on differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons
- Author
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Vazin, Tandis, Ashton, Randolph S., Conway, Anthony, Rode, Nikhil A., Lee, Susan M., Bravo, Verenice, Healy, Kevin E., Kane, Ravi S., and Schaffer, David V.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Inversion and computational maturation of drug response using human stem cell derived cardiomyocytes in microphysiological systems
- Author
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Tveito, Aslak, Jæger, Karoline Horgmo, Huebsch, Nathaniel, Charrez, Bérénice, Edwards, Andrew G., Wall, Samuel, and Healy, Kevin E.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Estimating active tension in cardiac micromuscles
- Author
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Telle, Åshild, Charrez, Bérénice, Charwat, Verena, Finsberg, Henrik, Healy, Kevin E., and Wall, Samuel T.
- Subjects
microphysiological system, micromuscles, cardiac mechanics, inverse problems, active strain, fiber direction estimation, computational biomechanics - Abstract
Presentation at the World Congress on Biomechanics (WCB) - Taipei 2022.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Validating the Arrhythmogenic Potential of High-, Intermediate-, and Low-Risk Drugs in a Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Microphysiological System
- Author
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Charwat, Verena, primary, Charrez, Bérénice, additional, Siemons, Brian A., additional, Finsberg, Henrik, additional, Jæger, Karoline H., additional, Edwards, Andrew G., additional, Huebsch, Nathaniel, additional, Wall, Samuel, additional, Miller, Evan, additional, Tveito, Aslak, additional, and Healy, Kevin E., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Effect of avidin-like proteins and biotin modification on mesenchymal stem cell adhesion
- Author
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Schmidt, Ray C. and Healy, Kevin E.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Engineered polymer-media interfaces for the long-term self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells
- Author
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Irwin, Elizabeth F., Gupta, Rohini, Dashti, Derek C., and Healy, Kevin E.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Exploiting bacterial peptide display technology to engineer biomaterials for neural stem cell culture
- Author
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Little, Lauren E., Dane, Karen Y., Daugherty, Patrick S., Healy, Kevin E., and Schaffer, David V.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Mechanical and swelling characterization of poly( N-isopropyl acrylamide -co- methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) sol–gels
- Author
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Pollock, Jacob F. and Healy, Kevin E.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Neural stem cell adhesion and proliferation on phospholipid bilayers functionalized with RGD peptides
- Author
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Ananthanarayanan, Badriprasad, Little, Lauren, Schaffer, David V., Healy, Kevin E., and Tirrell, Matthew
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. The effect of micronscale anisotropic cross patterns on fibroblast migration
- Author
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Jeon, Hojeong, Hidai, Hirofumi, Hwang, David J., Healy, Kevin E., and Grigoropoulos, Costas P.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Heart Muscle Microphysiological System for Cardiac Liability Prediction of Repurposed COVID-19 Therapeutics
- Author
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Charrez, Bérénice, primary, Charwat, Verena, additional, Siemons, Brian A., additional, Goswami, Ishan, additional, Sakolish, Courtney, additional, Luo, Yu-Syuan, additional, Finsberg, Henrik, additional, Edwards, Andrew G., additional, Miller, Evan W., additional, Rusyn, Ivan, additional, and Healy, Kevin E., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Integrated Isogenic Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Based Liver and Heart Microphysiological Systems Predict Unsafe Drug–Drug Interaction
- Author
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Lee-Montiel, Felipe T., primary, Laemmle, Alexander, additional, Charwat, Verena, additional, Dumont, Laure, additional, Lee, Caleb S., additional, Huebsch, Nathaniel, additional, Okochi, Hideaki, additional, Hancock, Matthew J., additional, Siemons, Brian, additional, Boggess, Steven C., additional, Goswami, Ishan, additional, Miller, Evan W., additional, Willenbring, Holger, additional, and Healy, Kevin E., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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