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Additional file 1:Table S1. Deaths of NASH-related liver cancer attributable to HFPG in 1990 and 2019, and its temporal trends from 1990 to 2019. Table S2. YLDs of NASH-related liver cancer attributable to HFPG in 1990 and 2019, and its temporal trends from 1990 to 2019. Table S3. YLLs of NASH-related liver cancer attributable to HFPG in 1990 and 2019, and its temporal trends from 1990 to 2019. Table S4. Deaths and DALYs of NASH-related liver cancer attributable to HFPG in countries and territories. Table S5. EAPC of NASH-related liver cancer deaths and DALYs attributable to HPFG in countries and territories. Figure. S1. The deaths of NASH-related liver cancer attributable to HFPG in countries and territories. (A) The ASR of NASH-related liver cancer deaths attributable to HFPG in 2019; (B) The relative change in percentage of NASH-related liver cancer deaths attributable to HFPG between 1990 and 2016. ASR, age-standardized rate. Figure. S2. The DALYs of NASH-related liver cancer attribute to HFPG in countries and territories. (A) The ASR of DALYs of NASH-related liver cancer attributable to HFPG in 2019; (B) The relative change in percentage of NASH-related liver cancer DALYs attributable to HFPG between 1990 and 2016. ASR, age-standardized rate. DALYs, disability adjusted life years. Figure. S3. The clusters of countries and territories in terms of the temporal trends of the NASH-related liver cancer burden attributable to HFPG. Figure. S4: Temporal trend of deaths rate of NASH-related liver cancer attributable to HFPG for different age group, 1990–2019.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Rapid causes of cancer mortality worldwide for females and males, 1990–2019. Figure S2. Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer age-standardized mortality rates in 2019 (A) and percent change (%) in age-standardized rates during 1990–2019 (B) for 204 countries and territories by sociodemographic index. Figure S3. The colon and rectal cancer age-standardized mortality rates in 2019 (A) and percent change (%) in the age-standardized rate during 1990–2019 (B) for 204 countries and territories by sociodemographic index. Figure S4. Breast cancer age-standardized mortality rates in 2019 (A) and percent change (%) in age-standardized rates during 1990–2019 (B) for 204 countries and territories by sociodemographic index. Figure S5. Pancreatic cancer age-standardized mortality rates in 2019 (A) and percent change (%) in age-standardized rates during 1990–2019 (B) for 204 countries and territories by sociodemographic index. Figure S6. Local drifts of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer mortality attributable to HFPG by SDI quintiles, 1990–2019. Figure S7. Local drifts of colon and rectal cancer mortality attributable to HFPG by SDI quintiles, 1990–2019. Figure S8. Local drifts of breast cancer mortality attributable to HFPG by SDI quintiles, 1990–2019. Figure S9. Local drifts of pancreatic cancer mortality attributable to HFPG by SDI quintiles, 1990–2019. Figure S10. Age distribution of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer mortality attributable to HFPG by SDI quintiles, 1990–2019. Figure S11. Age distribution of colon and rectal cancer mortality attributable to HFPG by SDI quintiles, 1990–2019. Figure S12. Age distribution of breast cancer mortality attributable to HFPG by SDI quintiles, 1990–2019. Figure S13. Age distribution of pancreatic cancer mortality attributable to HFPG by SDI quintiles, 1990–2019. Figure S14. Age, period and cohort effects on tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer mortality attributable to HFPG by SDI quintiles. Figure S15. Age, period and cohort effects on colon and rectal cancer mortality attributable to HFPG by SDI quintiles. Figure S16. Age, period and cohort effects on breast cancer mortality attributable to HFPG by SDI quintiles. Figure S17. Age, period and cohort effects on pancreatic cancer mortality attributable to HFPG by SDI quintiles. Figure S18. Age, period and cohort effects on tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer mortality attributable to HFPG for representative countries. Figure S19. Age, period and cohort effects on colon and rectal cancer mortality attributable to HFPG for representative countries. Figure S20. Age, period and cohort effects on breast cancer mortality attributable to HFPG for representative countries. Figure S21. Age, period and cohort effects on pancreatic cancer mortality attributable to HFPG for representative countries. Table S1. Percent changes (%) in the age-standardized mortality rate 1990–2019 for all risk factors. Table S2. Trends in cancer mortality attributable to HPFG for females and males across SDI quintiles, 1990 − 2019. Table S3. Trends in tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer mortality attributable to HPFG for both females and males across SDI quintiles, 1990 − 2019. Table S4. Trends in colon and rectal cancer mortality attributable to HPFG for both females and males across SDI quintiles, 1990 − 2019. Table S5. Trends in breast cancer mortality attributable to HPFG for female across SDI quintiles, 1990 − 2019. Table S6. Trends in pancreatic cancer mortality attributable to HPFG for both females and males across SDI quintiles, 1990 − 2019. Table S7. Trends in cancer mortality attributable to HPFG for both genders in 204 countries and regions, 1990–2019. Table S8. Trends in cancer mortality attributable to HPFG for both females and males in representative countries, 1990–2019. Table S9. Trends in tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer mortality attributable to HPFG for both females and males in representative countries, 1990–2019. Table S10. Trends in colon and rectal cancer mortality attributable to HPFG for both females and males in representative countries, 1990–2019. Table S11. Trends in breast cancer mortality attributable to HPFG for both females in representative countries, 1990–2019. Table S12. Trends in pancreatic cancer mortality attributable to HPFG for both females and males in representative countries, 1990–2019.

Objective: To explore the effect of individualized nursing intervention on autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) dysfunction and the risk factors leading to failures in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods: A total of 196 patients undergoing MHD in our hospital from March 2017 to May 2019 were recruited as the study cohort and divided into two groups according to the nursing method each patient underwent. The patients who underwent individualized nursing intervention were placed in the research group (RG, n = 107), and the patients who underwent routine nursing intervention were placed in the control group (CG, n = 89). The proportion of patients with primary dysfunction in the use of AVF was recorded, and the patients’ psychological states, treatment compliance, and self-nursing abilities in the two groups before and after the nursing intervention were observed. The complications, the life treatment scores, and the patients’ nursing satisfaction were recorded after the nursing intervention. A logistic regression analysis was performed for the patients with initial AVF dysfunction. Results: Compared with the CG, the patients in the RG after the nursing intervention had statistically lower AVF dysfunction rates, notably lower SAS and SDS scores, remarkably higher total compliance rates and ESCA scores, and a dramatically lower total incidence of complications. AVF dysfunction occurred in 26 of 196 patients (13.4%) during the follow-up, with an increased risk of AVF loss in patients over 60 years old, lower blood pressure, higher hemoglobin concentrations, lower treatment compliance, self-care inability, and routine nursing interventions. After the nursing, the WHOQOL-BREF and nursing satisfaction scores in the RG were noticeably higher than they were in the CG. Conclusion: Autologous AVF dysfunction is the result of multiple risk factors, and personalized nursing can reduce the incidence of complications, improve patients’ treatment compliance and self-care abilities, and ameliorate their quality of life.

Liyun He, Na Yang, Fan Ping, Lingling Xu, Wei Li, Yuxiu Li, Huabing Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Huabing ZhangAddress: Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-010-69155073Email huabingzhangchn@163.comPurpose: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) has been shown as an important predictor of cardiovascular risk, and sleep duration is an important factor influencing health outcomes. However, the association between hs-CRP and sleep duration among Chinese adults remained unknown and controversial. We aimed to explore the associations between sleep duration and hs-CRP levels among Chinese adults, and the differences in sex and geographical regions.Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on nationally representative Chinese samples from the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey, which employed multistage, random cluster designs. Habitual sleep duration was self-reported with short and long sleep duration defined as ≤ 6h and ≥ 9h per day, respectively. Participants were divided into 4 groups based on the categories of self-reported sleep duration (≤ 6h, 7h, 8h, ≥ 9h per day), excluding hs-CRP levels ≥ 10 mg/L. Subset samples were stratified by sex and geographical regions.Results: A total of 8170 Chinese adults with a mean age of 50.0± 14.9 years and 4369 (53.5%) men were included. Participants sleeping eight hours had the lowest hs-CRP levels. Long sleep duration (≥ 9h) was significantly associated with elevated hs-CRP levels after adjusting for multiple covariates in full samples (β=0.0356; 95% CI: 0.0050– 0.0663; P=0.0228), but the associations of short sleep duration (≤ 6h) were limited to the unadjusted model. Long sleep duration was associated with elevated hs-CRP levels in women (β= 0.0512; 95% CI: 0.0097– 0.0927; P=0.0155) and in the northern region of China (β=0.0699; 95% CI: 0.0210– 0.1187; P=0.0051), but not in men or the southern region.Conclusion: Long but not short sleep duration was positively associated with elevated hs-CRP levels, independent from traditional risk factors among Chinese adults, and sex and geographical differences were observed. Our findings imply that modifications of long sleep duration might be added to behavioral therapy to reduce cardiovascular risk in Chinese adults.Keywords: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, sleep duration, cardiovascular risk, Chinese population

To evaluate the clinical effects of Xiyanping injection intervention in pediatric patients with mild hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD).A total of 329 patients were stratified and block-randomized for symptomatic treatment of HFMD and assigned to one of the following groups: Western Medicine (group A, n = 103), Xiyanping injection (group B, n = 109), or Xiyanping injection and symptomatic treatment using Western Medicine (group C, n = 117). During the trial, fever, rash, ulcers of the mouth were observed among participants in each group before and after treatment, and conversion rates from mild to severe HFMD were measured.After 3-7 days' treatment, no significant differences in the conversion rates from mild to severe HFMD were observed among the three groups (P0.05). There was a significantly low number of patients with the onset time of antifebrile effect, vanished time of hand and foot rashes and cumulative time for the ulcers in the mouth vanished, among the three groups (P0.05, P0.01). The onset time of antifebrile effect of patients in groups B and C were markedly shorter compared with those in group A (P0.05, P0.01); there was no statically significant difference observed between groups B and C (P0.05). No significant differences were observed in the time for body temperature recovery among the three groups (P0.05). There were no significant differences in adverse effects among the three groups (P0.05).Xiyanping injection together with use of Western Medicine is most effective for symptomatic treatment of mild HFMD. No severe adverse reactions were observed.

Background. Daodi medicinal material is widely used in Chinese herb medication. However, there is a lack of systematic methodology for identifying characteristics associated with good quality and reliable efficacy of Daodi med-material. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to provide some evidence to further substantiate the use of Daodi medicinal materials. Methods. Seven relevant databases were searched before July 2014. Two evaluators were responsible for screening and categorizing the results. The data was analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS 21.0 statistical software. Results. Overall, 107 articles were systematically analyzed. Of these studies, 55.1% (59/107) focused on the methodology to assess Daodi med-material, and 38.3% (41/107) were interested in med-material ingredients, soil physical and chemical properties, and the geological background system (GBS). Only 6.5% (7/107) of studies were mainly conducted as clinical trials and animal experiments. Conclusion. Comparisons between Daodi and non-Daodi materials have been studied mainly in terms of the ingredients or composition of medical materials, soil physics and chemistry, and the GBS, and some identifying methodologies have been created to identify Daodi attributes. Until now, there is still no consensus of comparison criteria between Daodi and non-Daodi medicinal material. Only a few studies were conducted through animal experiments and clinical trials to determine Daodi superiority.

Purpose. To analyze and compare the clinical registration information about acupuncture and moxibustion for intervention characteristics. Methods. Clinical trials from the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of the World Health Organization in acupuncture and moxibustion were comprehensively collected from 2013 to 2015; data were independently screened and extracted by two retrievers, and relevant data involving either basic descriptions or intervention characteristics were analyzed. Results. 425 acupuncture and moxibustion registered clinical trials were included; 88.00% (374/425) were designed as controlled studies, among which 38.59% (164/425) had sham acupuncture as the control group. The most common diseases were pain-related at approximately 19.29% (82/425) of trials. Reports on the intervention information in these acupuncture and moxibustion clinical studies were not sufficiently presented; these reports included the reporting of names of points (39.8%), the method of needle stimulation (32.5%), needle type (29.6%), needle retention time (34.1%), the number of treatment sessions (22.4%), and the frequency and duration of treatment sessions (38.1%). Conclusion. The registration information for the clinical trials of acupuncture and moxibustion was quite low according to this investigational study. Steps should be taken to improve the quality of acupuncture and moxibustion registration information.

Objective To preliminarily analyze key factors influencing curative effect through clinical observations of acupoint application for “treatment of winter disease in summer” used to prevent and treat bronchial asthma in children. Methods In an observational study and prospective cohort study, we observed children in remission of asthma at three class III grade A TCM hospitals in Liaoning, Hubei, and Chengdu. Results A total of 609 children conformed to diagnostic and inclusive standards for remission of bronchial asthma. Through follow-up visits, we observed their skin reactions and the time and chance of treatment with different therapies in the three hospitals; we also compared and analyzed different drugs, acupoints, and preparations. We found that the key Chinese drugs were Bai Jie Zi (Semen Sinapis Albae) and Yian Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis); the key acupoints were Feishu (BL 13), Gaohuang (BL 43), Dingchuan (EX-B1), Tiantu (CV 22), and Shanzhong (CV 17); and the best preparation was a mixture of drugs, ginger juice, and musk. Acupoint application was practiced on the hottest days of summer and the coldest days of winter for 0.5 to 2 h with the lowest rate of asthma relapse. Conclusions The present data analysis shows that the curative effect of acupoint application for “treatment of winter disease in summer” may be influenced by recipes of Chinese drugs, preparations, prescriptions of acupoints, chance, time, and skin reactions. A curative effect is the result of the comprehensive action of these factors.

Patient-reported outcome (PRO), which is directly obtained from patients, is a multidimensional measure to evaluate the health condition of a patient. The obtained data give evidence of effectiveness from patients' point of view. This article reviews the application of PRO in the study of cancer. The application of PRO is studied from aspects, such as evaluating cancer clinical trials, formulating health policies, evaluating adverse events, evaluating compliance, approving new drugs, and studying the relation between health-related quality of life and PRO.