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Introduction: Canoeing and Kayaking are water sports featured by skill and endurance. Physiological and anthropometric variables play a substantial role in almost all games and sports and Canoeing and Kayaking could not be segregated from them. Several researches had been carried out in the field of Canoeing and Kayaking including anthropometric and physiological characteristics but very scanty account of these studies was concentrated on Indian paddlers. Hence, our study aimed at assessing the anthropometric and physiological profiles of Indian male and female Canoers and Kayakers and determining and explaining the differences between these groups. Method: Anthropometric parameters were measured according to standard protocols followed by ISAK manual. Body density was predicted using Durnin and Womersley equation (1974) and body fat % using the Siri method (1956). VO2max was predicted from Multi-Stage Fitness Test (MSRT). Results: Lean body mass was found to be higher in Kayakers than Canoers. Body fat percentage was found to be significantly higher among female Kayakers than female Canoers which was 26.53±4.28 and 18.96±1.54 respectively. Physiological variables when concerned showed that relative back strength and oxygen consumption of female Canoers were significantly higher than that of female Kayakers which were 2.22±0.14 kg, 45.20±2.17ml/min/kg and 1.83±0.18kg, 40.71±2.87ml/min/kg respectively. Conclusion: It had been found that both male and female Kayakers were found to be taller and heavier than the male and female Canoers respectively.

Foreign Bodies, whether accidently trapped or self-introduced by the patient in the tooth can not only act as a potential source of infection but may also interfere with proper cleaning and shaping and subsequent obturation of the root canal space in such teeth. Such foreign bodies are generally found accidently on routine dental examination and are more common in children and anterior teeth. Though occurrence of foreign bodies in a root canal system is a fairly common finding, the present case was deemed even more complex as it had a furcural perforation in addition of the detection of foreign bodies in the root canal system.This case report highlights the successful endodontic management and orthograde removal of self-introduced foreign bodies and repair of furcural perforation with biodentin in a mandibular molar eliminating the need of surgical repair and management.

Advancements in the domain of computer science have made artificial intelligence (AI) almost ubiquitous in everyday life. Dentistry is known to easily adapt to new technologies and hence can easily acclimatize to this nascent field. With AI spreading into dentistry, models are being used to ascertain almost every dental condition, ranging from the routine dental caries to the more complex conditions like oral cancer, maxillofacial cysts, alveolar bone loss, and even appraising the urgency for orthodontic extractions. Artificial intelligence, has untapped potential and shows promising prospects. Multiple studies have been evaluated to highlight the progress made till date and it has been seen that AI based automated systems are exceptional in a limited domain and perform on par to dental specialists on a variety of performance parameters. Better adaptation and utilization of technology will help in better and precise treatment outcomes, while also reducing the work burden of the clinician. Databases such as PubMed Central and Google Scholar were used to scout approximately 33 articles of recent origin using keywords such as artificial intelligence; artificial neural networks; convolutional neural networks; deep learning; and machine learning were used.

In this project, we are generating electrical energy by a non-conventional approach, simply by walking on the footsteps. Non-conventional methods for energy generation is very much required in the present scenario. Here, we are generating electricity with the assist of crankshaft arrangement. For its proper functioning, such that it converts force into electric power, the mechanism includes crankshaft mechanism, hydraulics, generator and a battery. We have referred to several applications with extensions for the future. Additionally, we have represented the simulation of the footstep energy generator using the AutoCAD software. This project is very cost effective and is easy to set up in a populated place like stations, bus stands, in shopping malls, and in many other locations.

Background Soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs) are a rare heterogeneous group of tumors. Good functional results can be achieved with tumor excision in combination with suitable supplemental adjuvant therapies if needed. This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of wide resection of STS of the extremities. Methodology In this retrospective study, a total of 139 patients diagnosed with STS of the extremities by radiological and/or histopathological study/biopsy were included. All patients irrespective of metastasis were included. Results The mean age of the patients in our study was 43.5 ± 18.89 years. Overall, the mean tumor size was found to be 11.81 ± 6.218 cm. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma was the most common histology encountered (41%). Synovial sarcoma was the second most common histology encountered (14.38%). Recurrence was observed in 14 (10.1%) patients. The overall survival was 64.7% in our study. Conclusions The surgical margin achieved during the surgery is the most detrimental factor in local tumor control, and the overall survival of the patient after resection mainly depends on the stage of the tumor.

The effect of a novel nano-ceramic coating (TiO2) using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique on the surface of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material was investigated. The patients’ and clinicians’ perception and acceptance of the PMMA color with TiO2 coating were also examined. In vitro color measurement was performed on thirty specimens (light, original, and dark pink) before and after TiO2 coating. Patients’ and clinicians’ perception and acceptance of color changes on PMMA were measured and compared. Descriptive and analytic statistics were analyzed (a = 0.05). TiO2 films were successfully deposited on the PMMA specimen by the ALD technique. Color changes after TiO2 coating were observed on all three PMMA shades, significantly higher than the established 50:50% perceptibility threshold, but below the established 50:50% acceptability threshold. The percentage of patients that perceived a color difference after TiO2 coating were 83.3%, 63.9%, and 77.8% for light, original, and dark pink, respectively. The percentages of clinicians that were satisfied with the color difference were 96.4%, 80%, and 69.2% for light, original, and dark pink, respectively. Color changes after TiO2 coating were observed, but below the acceptable threshold. The clinical survey demonstrated that a color difference was perceived but was clinically acceptable. In general, laypeople have lower perception and higher acceptance of changes in PMMA color than clinicians.

Background The scale and quality of the global scientific response to the COVID-19 pandemic have unquestionably saved lives. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has also triggered an unprecedented “infodemic”; the velocity and volume of data production have overwhelmed many key stakeholders such as clinicians and policy makers, as they have been unable to process structured and unstructured data for evidence-based decision making. Solutions that aim to alleviate this data synthesis–related challenge are unable to capture heterogeneous web data in real time for the production of concomitant answers and are not based on the high-quality information in responses to a free-text query. Objective The main objective of this project is to build a generic, real-time, continuously updating curation platform that can support the data synthesis and analysis of a scientific literature framework. Our secondary objective is to validate this platform and the curation methodology for COVID-19–related medical literature by expanding the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset via the addition of new, unstructured data. Methods To create an infrastructure that addresses our objectives, the PanSurg Collaborative at Imperial College London has developed a unique data pipeline based on a web crawler extraction methodology. This data pipeline uses a novel curation methodology that adopts a human-in-the-loop approach for the characterization of quality, relevance, and key evidence across a range of scientific literature sources. Results REDASA (Realtime Data Synthesis and Analysis) is now one of the world’s largest and most up-to-date sources of COVID-19–related evidence; it consists of 104,000 documents. By capturing curators’ critical appraisal methodologies through the discrete labeling and rating of information, REDASA rapidly developed a foundational, pooled, data science data set of over 1400 articles in under 2 weeks. These articles provide COVID-19–related information and represent around 10% of all papers about COVID-19. Conclusions This data set can act as ground truth for the future implementation of a live, automated systematic review. The three benefits of REDASA’s design are as follows: (1) it adopts a user-friendly, human-in-the-loop methodology by embedding an efficient, user-friendly curation platform into a natural language processing search engine; (2) it provides a curated data set in the JavaScript Object Notation format for experienced academic reviewers’ critical appraisal choices and decision-making methodologies; and (3) due to the wide scope and depth of its web crawling method, REDASA has already captured one of the world’s largest COVID-19–related data corpora for searches and curation.

Wikipedia’s content is based on reliable and published sources. To this date, relatively little is known about what sources Wikipedia relies on, in part because extracting citations and identifying cited sources is challenging. To close this gap, we release Wikipedia Citations, a comprehensive data set of citations extracted from Wikipedia. We extracted29.3 million citations from 6.1 million English Wikipedia articles as of May 2020, and classified as being books, journal articles, or Web content. We were thus able to extract 4.0 million citations to scholarly publications with known identifiers—including DOI, PMC, PMID, and ISBN—and further equip an extra 261 thousand citations with DOIs from Crossref. As a result, we find that 6.7% of Wikipedia articles cite at least one journal article with an associated DOI, and that Wikipedia cites just 2% of all articles with a DOI currently indexed in the Web of Science. We release our code to allow the community to extend upon our work and update the data set in the future.

Excitation of dye-loaded perfluorocarbon nanoparticles (nanobombs) can generate highly localized axially propagating longitudinal shear waves (LSW) that can be used to quantify tissue mechanical properties without transversal scanning of the imaging beam. In this study, we used repetitive excitations of dodecafluoropentane (C5) and tetradecafluorohexane (C6) nanobombs by a nanosecond-pulsed laser to produce multiple LSWs from a single spot in a phantom. A 1.5 MHz Fourier-domain mode-locked laser in combination with a phase correction algorithm was used to perform elastography. Multiple nanobomb activations were also monitored by detecting photoacoustic signals. Our results demonstrate that C6 nanobombs can be used for repetitive generation of LSW from a single spot for the purpose of material elasticity assessment. This study opens new avenues for continuous quantification of tissue mechanical properties using single delivery of the nanoparticles.

The world eagers to discover clean fuels for future use to power our vehicles and different devices. Further emissions of harmful gases will not lead to survival in this environment. Some noticeable changes should be made instantly in our power producing units whether they are stationary or portable to preserve our environment. This paper explores the recent advancements in electric vehicles, conventional engines. The study also compares the technology used previously and being used in future to make the power-producing units more efficiently and less emissive, {"references":["Lanz, Heffel J., Messer C. Hydrogen Use in Internal Combustion Engines. Hydrog. Fuel Cell Engines Relat. Technol. 2001, 3–23p","Akansu S.O., Dulger Z., Kahraman N., Veziroä T.N. Internal combustion engines fueled by natural gas — hydrogen mixtures. 2004, 29, 1527–1539p","Edwards P.P., Kuznetsov V.L., David W.I.F., Brandon N.P. Hydrogen and fuel cells : Towards a sustainable energy future $. 2008, 36, 4356–4362p","Neef H.J. International overview of hydrogen and fuel cell research. Energy. 2009, 34(3), 327–333p","Eberle U., Müller B., Helmolt R.V. Fuel cell electric vehicles and hydrogen infrastructure: Status 2012. Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5(10), 8780–8798p","Hawkins T.R., Singh B., Majeau-Bettez G., Strømman A.H. Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Conventional and Electric Vehicles. J. Ind. Ecol. 2013, 17(1), 53–64p","Demirbas M.F. Balaproduction and utilization trends of bio-fuels: A global perspective. Energy Convers. Manag. 2006, 47(15–16), 2371–2381p","Demirbas A. Future fuels for internal combustion engines. Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 2010, 32(14), 1273–1281p","Sharma C.S.K. Hydrogen Usage in I.C. Engines. Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res. 2016, 7(8), 440–445p.","Sharma S., Ghoshal S.K. Hydrogen the future transportation fuel: From production to applications. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2015, 43, 1151–1158p"]}

Let F q denote the finite field of order q, let m 1 , m 2 , ⋯ , m l be positive integers satisfying gcd ⁡ ( m i , q ) = 1 for 1 ≤ i ≤ l , and let n = m 1 + m 2 + ⋯ + m l . Let Λ = ( λ 1 , λ 2 , ⋯ , λ l ) be fixed, where λ 1 , λ 2 , ⋯ , λ l are non-zero elements of F q . In this paper, we study the algebraic structure of Λ-multi-twisted codes of length n over F q and their dual codes with respect to the standard inner product on F q n . We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a self-dual Λ-multi-twisted code of length n over F q , and obtain enumeration formulae for all self-dual and self-orthogonal Λ-multi-twisted codes of length n over F q . We also derive some sufficient conditions under which a Λ-multi-twisted code is linear with complementary dual (LCD). We determine the parity-check polynomial of all Λ-multi-twisted codes of length n over F q and obtain a BCH type bound on their minimum Hamming distances. We also determine generating sets of dual codes of some Λ-multi-twisted codes of length n over F q from the generating sets of the codes. Besides this, we provide a trace description for all Λ-multi-twisted codes of length n over F q by viewing these codes as direct sums of certain concatenated codes, which leads to a method to construct these codes. We also obtain a lower bound on their minimum Hamming distances using their multilevel concatenated structure.

Here, we report an ‘in situ’ co-precipitation reduction based synthetic methodology to prepare CuFe2O4 nanoparticle–reduced graphene oxide (CuFe2O4–RGO) nanocomposites. First principles calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) were performed to obtain the electronic structures and properties of CuFe2O4, graphene and CuFe2O4–graphene composites, and to understand the interfacial interaction between CuFe2O4 and graphene in the composite. The synergistic effect, which resulted from the combination of the unique properties of RGO and CuFe2O4 nanoparticles, was exploited to design a magnetically separable catalyst and high performance supercapacitor. It has been demonstrated that the incorporation of RGO in the composite enhanced its catalytic properties as well as supercapacitance performance compared with pure CuFe2O4. The nanocomposite with 96 wt% CuFe2O4 and 4 wt% RGO (96CuFe2O4–4RGO) exhibited high catalytic efficiency towards (i) reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, and (ii) epoxidation of styrene to styrene oxide. For both of these reactions, the catalytic efficiency of 96CuFe2O4–4RGO was significantly higher than that of pure CuFe2O4. The easy magnetic separation of 96CuFe2O4–4RGO from the reaction mixture and good reusability of the recovered catalyst also showed here. 96CuFe2O4–4RGO also demonstrated better supercapacitance performance than pure CuFe2O4. 96CuFe2O4–4RGO showed specific capacitance of 797 F g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1, along with ∼92% retention for up to 2000 cycles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation on the catalytic properties of CuFe2O4–RGO towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and the epoxidation reaction, and DFT calculations on the CuFe2O4–graphene composite have been reported.

A high-resolution imaging system combining optical coherence tomography (OCT) and light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) was developed. LSFM confined the excitation to only the focal plane, removing the out of plane fluorescence. This enabled imaging a murine embryo with higher speed and specificity than traditional fluorescence microscopy. OCT gives information about the structure of the embryo from the same plane illuminated by LSFM. The co-planar OCT and LSFM instrument was capable of performing co-registered functional and structural imaging of mouse embryos simultaneously.

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Objective: Describe a series of children diagnosed with type I congenital laryngeal clefts (LC-I) and treated due to various presentations with endoscopic injection augmentation (IA).Method: This is a retrospective study. The children were identified from a prospectively collected database. Only those who were treated with IA (using hyaluronic acid derivatives) and had a minimum follow-up of 3-months were included. We collected demographics, diagnoses, surgical procedures, number of IA, clinical outcomes, and complications.Results: Over a period of 8 years, 32 patients were diagnosed with LC-I. Fifteen had undergone IA over the past 3 years. Mean age at IA was 28.67 ± 17.54 months with a male-to-female ratio of 8:7. The indications were swallowing dysfunction (13) and atypical croup (2). Seven patients required repeated injections (mean of 2.57 injections). A total of 10 patients responded with resolution of symptoms in question. No record of complications was found.Conclusion: IA is a brief, simple manag...