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Background: Gastric disorders are one of the most common human ailments, which impose a huge economic burden on countries. In Persian Medicine (PM), it is possible to predict the susceptibility to gastric diseases with diagnosis of gastric Mizajes (temperaments) and dystemperaments. The semiology of gastric dystemperaments has been investigated in PM textbooks, although the value of each sign and symptom is not mentioned. Consequently, this research is designed to determine the major and minor criteria for classifying gastric dystemperaments on the basis of valid manuscripts and with the help of PM specialists in the present era. Methods: This was a consensus-based study consisting of four phases. In the first phase, reference PM textbooks were studied. Symptoms and signs of gastric dystemperaments were collected and listed in four groups. In the second phase, semi-structured interviews with a sample of PM experts were carried out. Phase three included a focused group discussion with experts. Eventually, findings were integrated from the three study phases in a two-day meeting in Sari City. Results: Selected criteria included eight major and eight minor criteria for hot-cold dystemperament, as well as six major and eight minor criteria for wet-dry gastric dystemperament. Conclusion: Modern lifestyles and the interfering factors are responsible for some changes in diagnostic signs and symptoms according to PM. This was the first step to coordinate PM diagnostic criteria for gastric dystemperaments. Further studies are recommended to reach a unique protocol in the field of PM diagnostics. The next step includes design and validation of national diagnostic tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Music therapy is a simple and inexpensive method for the treatment of some psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of traditional music on the mental state of hospitalized chronic schizophrenia patients. Methods: In this clinical trial, 30 schizophrenia patients in the intervention group received routine treatment and attended music therapy sessions and 30 patients in the control group received routine treatment alone. Group music therapy sessions with traditional music were conducted 5 times a week for 2 months. Demographic questionnaire and Andreasen’s positive and negative symptoms questionnaires were completed at baseline and after the completion of music therapy sessions. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS version 16.0 using independent and paired t tests. Results: The mean scores of delusion (P=0.001) and bizarre behavior (P=0.036) and the total score of the SAPS (P=0.001) significantly decreased after intervention in the music therapy group. However, in the control group, the differences in the total and individual domain scores of the SAPS were not significant (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the control and music therapy groups in the total and individual domain scores of the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) before and after the intervention (P>0.05). Additionally, before and after the study, the mean score of avolition in the music therapy group was significantly lower compared to the control group (P=0.03). The mean score of alogia in the music therapy group was significantly lower compared to the control group (P=0.01). Conclusion: Music therapy is effective in improving most of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia and some of its negative aspects, and therefore can be used as a complementary therapy along with drug therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis of [3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines from the condensation of 4-amino-6-methyl-3-thioxo- 1,2,4-triazine-5(2H)-one (AMTTO) or 4-amino-1,4-dihydro-5-methyle-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione (AMTT) with phenacyl bromide in the presence of a catalytic amount of various heteropolyacids (HPAs) under refluxing conditions is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclization of 6-alkyl-3-propargylmercapto-1,2,4-triazin-5(2H)- one, derivatives (2) in the presence of Keggin heteropoly acids, H3PW12O40, H3PMo12O40, H4SiW12O40 and lacunary Keggin structure (K7PMo2W9O40) afforded 3 (3a = 6-dimethyl-7H-thiazolo[2,3-b][1,2,4]-triazin-7-one and 3b=6- ethyl-3-methyl-7H-thiazolo[2,3-b][1,2,4]-triazin-7-one) in high yields and short reaction times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C(15)H(13)ClN(6), contains two pyrimidine rings and one benzene ring, where the dihedral angle between the planes through the pyrimidine rings is 81.57 (10)°, and those between the pyrimidine rings and the benzene ring are 84.02 (8) and 89.46 (7)°, indicating that the three rings are almost perpendicular. In the crystal, inter-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into infinite chains along (100).

In the title compound, C(14)H(13)N(7), inter-molecular N-H⋯N and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into infinite one-dimensional chains along (100). A C-H⋯π inter-action also occurs in the crystal.