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This systematic literature review aimed to provide an overview of the characteristics and methods used in studies applying the Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) concept for infectious diseases within European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA)/European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries and the United Kingdom. Electronic databases and grey literature were searched for articles reporting the assessment of DALY and its components. We considered studies in which researchers performed DALY calculations using primary epidemiological data input sources. We screened 3,053 studies of which 2,948 were excluded and 105 studies met our inclusion criteria. Of these studies, 22 were multi-country and 83 were single-country studies, of which 46 were from the Netherlands. Food- and water-borne diseases were the most frequently studied infectious diseases. Between 2015 and 2022, the number of burden of infectious disease studies was 1.6 times higher compared to that published between 2000 and 2014. Almost all studies (97%) estimated DALYs based on the incidence- and pathogen-based approach and without social weighting functions; however, there was less methodological consensus with regards to the disability weights and life tables that were applied. The number of burden of infectious disease studies undertaken across Europe has increased over time. Development and use of guidelines will promote performing burden of infectious disease studies and facilitate comparability of the results., peer-reviewed

Aim: The COVID-19 outbreak continues to pose a threat to people's physical and mental health all over the world. The health professionals who are directly involved in the fight against the pandemic may experience stress during this crisis that can cause Burnout and Secondary traumatic stress. The objective of our study was to assess the burnout among physicians during COVID-19 pandemic and to determine related factors.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted. The demographical and occupational data were collected using a questionnaire and burnout level was assessed by Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).Results: 748 physicians took the survey. The burnout levels stated by the physicians were found to be significantly higher than before the pandemic [median before pandemic 3 (CDA: 2-4); median 4 (2-5) during pandemic; p, Amaç: COVID-19 salgını, tüm dünyada insanların fiziksel ve zihinsel sağlığı için tehdit oluşturmaya devam etmektedir. Salgınla mücadeleye doğrudan dahil olan sağlık çalışanları, bu kriz sırasında tükenmişliğe ve İkincil travmaya neden olabilecek stres yaşayabilmektedir. Çalışmamızın amacı COVID-19 salgını sırasında hekimler arasındaki tükenmişliği değerlendirmek ve ilişkili faktörleri belirlemektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel çevrimiçi anket uygulanmıştır. Demografik ve mesleki veriler anket kullanılarak toplanmış ve tükenmişlik düzeyi Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri (MBI) ile değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Ankete 748 hekim katıldı. Hekimlerin belirttiği tükenmişlik düzeyleri pandemi öncesine göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur [pandemi öncesi ortanca 3 (CDA: 2-4); pandemi sırasında ortanca 4 (2-5)]. COVID-19 vakalarına doğrudan tıbbi hizmet veren hekimlerin Kişisel Başarı Hissi (PA), Duygusal Tükenmişlik (EE) ve Duyarsızlaşma (D) puanları anlamlı olarak daha yüksek saptandı (p

Background- Sepsis remains a common cause of death. Involving in important cellular processes, the cereblon (CRBN) protein plays a role in sepsis. This study aimed to show the CRBN protein expression and its effects on the patients in the intensive care unit. Methods- Samples were taken by deep tracheal aspiration from patients. The presence of CRBN was pathologically investigated by using immunohistochemical tests and polyclonal antibodies against CRBN. The relationship between gender, sepsis, steroid, survival, and the presence of CRBN was examined. Results- Respiratory and neurologic diseases were the most common reasons for admission. Acinetobacter was the most frequent microorganism. In patients with more than normal inflammatory cells, we observed a negative correlation between CRBN expression and PNL rate (p = 0.031). In patients with CRBN, there was no correlation between steroid and mortality, APACHE/Glasgow score, length of stay in hospital and ICU. Conclusion- Although the prognosis in sepsis is better in CRBN-deficiency animals, the presence of CRBN in humans does not affect it. The more we saw inflammatory cells in aspiration material, the less there was a CRBN. The response to steroids, an immunomodulator, did not change with the presence of the immunomodulator target molecule, CRBN. This requires us to reconsider using immunomodulators in the treatment of sepsis.

Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effectiveness of HIFE on physiologic and psychological functions in older adults aged ≥65 years.Methods: This systematic review was designed according to the PEDro scale. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were used for the systematic searching. Total 1340 studies were identified. The full texts of these studies were examined in respect of the study inclusion and exclusion criteria, and finally 9 studies met the criteria and were included for evaluation.Results: Physical functions and psychosocial functions were evaluated via questionnaires and tests. According to results of the included studies HIFE was effective in respect of the evaluated parameters.Conclusions: As a result of this systematic review HIFE is effective on physical functions and hemodynamic responses but the effect on psychosocial functions are controversially, at the same time there were no reports of negative effects., The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effectiveness of High-Intensity Functional Exercise (HIFE) on physiologic and psychological functions in older adults aged ≥65 years. This systematic review was designed according to the PEDro scale. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were used for the systematic searching. Total 1340 studies were identified. The full texts of these studies were examined in respect of the study inclusion and exclusion criteria, and finally 9 studies met the criteria and were included for evaluation. Physical functions and psychosocial functions were evaluated via questionnaires and tests. According to results of the included studies HIFE was effective in respect of the evaluated parameters. As a result of this systematic review HIFE is effective on physical functions and hemodynamic responses but the effect on psychosocial functions are controversially, at the same time there were no reports of negative effects.

Objective: This study was planned to evaluate the relationship between Physiotherapists’ fear of COVID-19 and quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Physiotherapists aged between 18-65 years, working in any institution (private or public), were included in the study. The questionnaires were combined into a form on Google forms and sent to the participants via e-mail and they were asked to fill out the questionnaires. After first filling out their demographic information, they completed the COVID-19 Fear Scale to assess their COVID-19 fear level. The Nottingham Health Profile was used to assess health-related quality of life. Results: It was observed that the mean total score of the cases from the COVID-19 Fear Scale was 17.19±5.38, while the average total score of the Nottingham Health Profile was 80.14±82.57, obtained from 416 physiotherapists. In our study, the fear of COVID-19 was lower in physiotherapists who had the disease. While there was a significant relationship between fear of COVID-19 and Nottingham Health Profile energy level, emotional reaction, social isolation and sleep sub-dimensions and total score, no significant relationship was found in other sub-dimensions. Conclusions: As a result of our study, it was determined that Physiotherapists’ fear of COVID-19 was moderate level, and it was observed that their fear was related to quality of life.

INTRODUCTION: We evaluated use of anticholinergics, mirabegron, and combination of anticholinergics with mirabegron during Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillation for reducing irritative symptoms in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). METHODS: Prospectively recorded data of NMIBC patients receiving BCG were retrospectively evaluated between August 2015 and April 2019. Patients with low-grade T1 solitary papillary lesions

Background: The dictionary definition of safety is “The condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury.”1 Safety is a fundamental human right. In addition, the dictionary definition of road safety is “teaching people how to behave safely when driving or crossing the road.”2 The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights said: “Road safety is a human rights issue. Today, international law brings positive obligations to every State to take all reasonable steps to protect the right to life, the right to personal security, the right to health and the right to develop all persons. Every year, many vehicles are involved in accidents on highways. Road traffic accidents are leading cause of death and disability globally. The aim of this study is to investigate the road traffic accidents occurred in Turkey between the years 2012-2017 and to compare the rates of deaths and injuries by vehicle type involved in these accidents. Methods: Road traffic accidents occurred in Turkey between the years 2012-2017 constitute the universe of the study. The study data was taken from the Turkish Statistical Institute. Percentages were calculated with Microsoft office 365 ProPlus Exel. Percentage distributions were used to compare the values. Results: The total number of vehicles involved in accidents between 2012 and 2017 was 240 thousand, 251 thousand, 264 thousand, 290 thousand, 295 thousand and 294 thousand respectively. Tractor accidents were the most fatal accidents with 8-10% death rate. Tractor accidents were followed by tractor trailer accidents with a 5-8% death rate. Truck accidents were the third deadly vehicle type with a 4-7% death rate. Contrary to expectations, motorcycle accidents had the lowest mortality rate (0.8-2%), but there is no finding about the permanent disabilities and DALY. Cars were the second in the ranking of safe vehicles according to mortal accident rates. Conclusions: The data shows there was no difference in fatality or injury rates by years. Keywords: Road safety, Fatality rates, Injury rates, Accident

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the knowledge and awareness about human papilloma virus (HPV) and human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine of women in reproductive age. Material and Methods: The study covered 294 women aged between 15 and 49. A questionnaire was prepared by the researchers based on the literature review. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.5±8.9 years. Only 24.5% had heard about HPV infection and 28.2% had heard HPV vaccine. Of the participants, 188 (63.9%) got zero point from the knowledge questions. Conclusion: This study indicates that the women who apply primary care units have low knowledge levels; it is apperent that personal and social education is needed. Paying importance to patient education on HPV and cervical cancer in primary care health politics will increase knowledge and awareness for HPV infection and HPV vaccination., Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı doğurganlık çağındaki kadınların HPV ve HPV aşısı hakkındaki farkındalık ve bilgi düzeylerini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmaya 15-49 yaş aralığındaki 294 kadın dahil edildi. Yazarlar tarafından literatür taranarak hazırlanan anket formunun doldurulması istendi. Bulgular: Katılımcıların ortalama yaşı 30.5±8.9 idi. Yalnızca %24.5'i HPV enfeksiyonundan, %28.2'si ise HPV aşısından haberdardı. Katılımcılardan 188'i bilgi sorularından sıfır puan aldı. Sonuç: Bu çalışma birinci basamağa başvuran kadınların düşük bilgi düzeyinde olduklarını , bireysel ve toplumsal eğitimin gerekliliğini göstermiştir. Birinci basamak sağlık politikalarında hasta eğitimine önem verilmesi toplumun bilgi ve farkındalık düzeylerini artıracak ve kanser insidansının düşmesini sağlayacaktır.

Obezite tum dunyada oldugu gibi ulkemizde de yukselen trendi ile buyuk bir saglik problemidir. Obezitenin gunumuzde bircok hastalikla iliskisi belirlenmistir. Bunlardan biride kadinlardaki stres uriner inkontinanstir. Obezite hem bu hastaligin nedenleri arasinda, hem de inkontinansin siddetini arttirabilen bir etken olarak rol oynamaktadir. Obezitenin stres inkontinanstaki rolu hakkin da halen arastirmalar devam etmektedir. Ozellikle pelvik kaslarda ikinma, gerilme, zayiflama yolu ile; sinirlerde de kronik irritasyonlara yol acarak etyolojide rol oynadigi bildirilmistir. Yenileyin yapilan calismalarda obezitenin ve stres uriner inkontinansin ayri ayri ve birlikte hayat kalitesini azalttigina dair bilimsel yazilar literaturde yerini hizla almaktadir. Tedavi asamasinda ise oncelikle obezite ile mucadele, davranis modaliteleri ve gerektiginde cerrahi tedavi gundeme gelebilir. Bu calismada kadinlarda obezite ve stres uriner inkontinans iliskisinde guncel literatur esliginde bahsedilecektir.

Angioedema is a localized and self-limiting, subcutaneous/submucosal oedema due to a temporary increase in vascular permeability induced by the release of vasoactive mediators. It may rarely be life-threatening due to a sudden and severe swelling of tongue, supraglottic and subglottic regions of the body. So far, many types of angioedema have been described. However, urinary tract infection (UTI) associated with the angioedema is rare in the literature. Considering the importance of early diagnosis and intervention for angioedema, the aetiology of angioedema has been revised by the presented rare case of angioedema related to UTI in the light of recent literature., Anjiyoödem, vazoaktif mediyatörlerin salınması nedeniyle vasküler geçirgenlikteki geçici bir artışa bağlı gelişen ve kendini sınırlayan, deri altı/mukoza altı dokunun ödemidir. Nadiren dil, supraglottik ve subglottik vücut bölgelerinde ani ve ciddi şişmeye neden olup hayatı tehdit edici olabilmektedir. Şimdiye kadar birçok tipi tanımlanmışsa da literatürde idrar yolu enfeksiyonu (İYE) ile ilişkili anjiyoödem nadirdir. Anjiyoödemde erken teşhis ve müdahalenin önemini göz önünde bulundurarak, çok nadir görülen İYE’ye bağlı anjiyoödem olgusu sunularak, anjiyoödem etiyolojisi güncel literatür eşliğinde gözden geçirilmiştir.

To evaluate the correction rate of urinary flow rate after posterior urethral valve (PUV) resection for predicting success after operation.This retrospective study was performed between March 2006 and February 2013 at the Department of Pediatric Urology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey. Of the 67 patients with PUV, 52 patients were enrolled. Physical examinations, urine and blood analyses, uroflowmetry (UFM) including maximum flow rate (Qmax) and average flow rate (Qavg), and post voiding residual urine volume (PVR) were recoded. The UFM, PVR, voiding cystourethrography, serum creatinine levels were recorded in clinical visits. Additional operations were performed if there were symptoms of urinary obstruction. Statistical analyses were carried out.The mean age was 9+/-2.9 years. The mean follow-up was 10.6+/-4.2 months. There was a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative serum creatinine (p=0.028), Qmax (p=0.001), Qavg (p=0.002), and PVR (p=0.001). Postoperative serum creatinine was significantly positively correlated with postoperative PVR (p=0.024). In logistic regression analysis, success on PUV resection was associated with preoperative Qavg (p=0.016) and PVR (p=0.004), and postoperative Qavg (p=0.039) and PVR (p=0.030). Of the 42 (80.7%) patients, significant improvements in UFM, PVR, and serum creatinine levels were obtained after first operation. In 10 patients, re-operations were performed.Short-term effectiveness of PUV resection may be predicted by changes in UFM and PVR parameters in selected patients.

Background: Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common sexual disorder in men and studies reported prevalence up to 30% (1, 2). PE is not a life-threatening medical condition but it influences the quality of life (QoL). Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency, and safety of alpha blocker drugs in the treatment of patients with premature ejaculation (PE). Additionally we investigated the quality of life (QoL) in patients with PE who were treated with alpha blocker drugs. Materials and Methods: This study was a pilot clinical trial. Prospectively documented 108 patients with PE were treated and were followed-up in urology outpatient clinic. All patients were divided into 5 groups according to used alpha blocker agents which were determined by simple randomization. Silodosin 4mg (Group 1, n = 21), tamsulosin hydrochloride 0.4mg (Group 2, n = 23), alfuzosin 10mg (Group 3, n = 22), terazosin 5mg (Group 4, n = 21), doksazosin mesylate 4mg (Group5, n = 21), were used for treatment. The demographic parameters of patients, pre and post treatment intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT), PE Profile (PEP), and QoL index were recorded and evaluated. Effectiveness of treatment was evaluated by measuring IELT. Additionally, side effects of drugs were recorded. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: All alpha blocker drugs were statistically effective for preventing PE. Notably, silodosin seemed to be more effective for preventing PE than other alpha blockers (P < 0.05). However all alpha blockers provided development in QoL scores, silodosin was a little better than other drugs in statistical analyses. Furthermore statistical increase in IELT and decrease in PEP were provided more in Group 1 than other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Silodosin seems to be able to even more prevent PE. Silodosin may provide development in QoL than other alpha blocker agents. Additionally, lower systemic adverse events and more effectivity are the prominent features of silodosin in PE.This study was a pilot clinical trial. Prospectively documented 108 patients with PE were treated and were followed-up in urology outpatient clinic. All patients were divided into 5 groups according to used alpha blocker agents which were determined by simple randomization. Silodosin 4mg (Group 1, n = 21), tamsulosin hydrochloride 0.4mg (Group 2, n = 23), alfuzosin 10mg (Group 3, n = 22), terazosin 5mg (Group 4, n = 21), doksazosin mesylate 4mg (Group5, n = 21), were used for treatment. The demographic parameters of patients, pre and post treatment intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT), PE Profile (PEP), and QoL index were recorded and evaluated. Effectiveness of treatment was evaluated by measuring IELT. Additionally, side effects of drugs were recorded. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Objectives To investigate the impact of neck circumference (NC) in the treatment of bening prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with metabolic syndrome (MtS). Additionally, we determined dose response to alpha-blockers and cut-off values for NC and waist circumference (WC), in these patients. Materials and Methods Non-randomized, open-labelled, and multi-centre study was conducted between March 2014 and September 2015. The BPH patients were enrolled and were divided into 2 groups: with MtS (Group 1; n=94) and without MtS (Group 2; n=103). Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, blood analyses, uroflowmetric parameters, post voiding residual urine (PVR), prostate volume, quality of life (QoL) index, NC and WC were recorded. Both groups were administered oral alpha-blockers and response to treatment was evaluated. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were obtained and significant p was p

The purpose of this study is comparing the quality of life (QoL) of personnel at an university campus with some socio-demographic data to identify factors that affect on QoL and to offer suggestions for improve employees QoL. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed on personnel that working at an university campus. Eighty-three employees that are currently working between January 2012–February 2012, were included in the research. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Scale (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to determine the QoL of the participants. P 0.05). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between job satisfaction and QoL (p

Amaç: İnsanların yaşadığı çevre, davranışları ve yaşam tarzı, dramatik bir şekilde değişmektedir. Bu değişimlere bağlı olarak, obezite ve tip 2 diyabet sıklığında ciddi bir artış görülmektedir. Obezite ve diyabetin görülme sıklığındaki artışa paralel, her geçen gün daha fazla insanı etkilemekte olan ve multi faktöriyel risk etmenlerinin bir araya gelmesi sonucu oluşan metabolik sendrom, kardiyovasküler hastalık riskini de beraberinde getirdiği için 21. yüzyılın önemli sağlık sorunlarından biridir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu araştırmada, kilo yakınması ile başvuran hastalarda, boyun çevresi ölçümlerini bazı metabolik ve antropometrik ölçümlerle karşılaştırmayı ve özellikle metabolik sendromu olan hastalarda, visseral yağlanma oranları ile boyun çevresi ölçümleri arasındaki korelasyonu göstermeyi amaçladık. Araştırmamıza, 01.02.2009 – 01.02.2011 tarihleri arasında, Başkent Üniversitesi Ümitköy Semt Polikliniği, diyabet ve obezite polikliniğine, kilo yakınması ile başvuran 179 hasta alınmıştır. Bu çalışma retrospektif bir vaka – kontrol çalışmasıdır. Araştırmanın verileri, SPSS 16.0 versiyonu istatistik programına aktarılmış, veri kontrolü ve analizler bu programda yapılmıştır. Hipoteze yönelik analizlerde Pearson Ki-kare testi kullanılmış, verilerin anlamlılık düzeyleri Ki-kare testi ile saptanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmamıza alınan 179 hastadan % 77’si (n=137) kadın, % 23’ü (n=42) erkektir (K:E oranı=3,26). Hastalarımızın yaş ortalaması 37±13,15’dir. Hastalarımızdan 40’ına (% 22,3) metabolik sendrom tanısı konmuştur. Metabolik sendromu olmayanların boyun çevresi ortalaması 35,15±3,48 cm, metabolik sendromu olanların ise 38,40±4,13 cm saptanmıştır. Metabolik sendromu olan hastalarda, boyun çevresi ile visseral yağlanma oranları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı pozitif korelasyon gösterilmiştir (r=0,71; p=0,01). Sonuç: Çalışmamız, metabolik sendromda boyun çevresi ölçümünün, NCEP ATP III kriterlerinden biri olan bel çevresi ölçümü gibi değerli ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı pozitif korelasyon gösteren bir ölçüm olduğunu ortaya koymuştur., Objective: People’s environment, behavior and lifestyle are dramatically changing. Depending on these changes, there is a dramatic increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The metabolic syndrome is a combination of multi-factorial risk factors, which affects more people because of increased incidence of obesity and diabetes. The metabolic syndrome is one of the major health problems of the 21st century. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, we aimed to compare neck circumference measurements with some of the metabolic and anthropometric measurements in patients presenting with complains of weight, and to show the correlation between visceral fat rates and neck circumference measurements in patients with metabolic syndrome. 179 patients with complains of weight were included to the study from 01.02.2009 to 01.02.2011, at the diabetes and obesity outpatient clinic of Baskent University. Research data were analyzed with the statistic program SPSS-16. Pearson Chi-square test were used for hypothetical analysis and levels of significance. Results: Of 179 patients, 77% (n=137) were women, 23% (n=42) were men (F:Mratio=3.26). The mean age was 37±13.15 years. Forty of our patients (22.3%) were diagnosed as metabolic syndrome. The mean neck circumference was 35.15±3.48 cm in those without metabolic syndrome, and 38.40±4.13 cm in those with metabolic syndrome. Statistically significant positive correlation was demonstrated between neck circumference measurements and visceral fat rates in patients with metabolic syndrome (r=0,71;p=0,01). Conclusion: Our study revealed that, neck circumference measurement is a valuable and indicating measurement just as the waist circumference measurement which is one of the NCEP-ATP-III criteria, in identifying visceral fat in patients with metabolic syndrome.