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ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety of co-vaccination with domestic 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) and split influenza virus vaccine (sFlu) in key populations aged 3 years and older and to provide a reference for formulating co-vaccination strategies. MethodsThe study participants were 5 502 healthy and unhealthy (with chronic diseases) volunteers (including 2 072 children aged 3 – < 8 years, 1 598 residents aged 8 – < 60 years, and 1 832 elderly aged 60 years and older) vaccinated simultaneously with one dose of PPSV23 (intramuscular injection into the deltoid muscle of the left upper arm) and one dose of sFlu (into the right upper arm) in 8 cities of Anhui province from October 2021 to February 2023. Active surveillance for adverse reactions within 28 days of co-vaccination with PPSV23 and sFlu was conducted among participants through active reporting via the Ark Immunization mobile application and telephone or home interviews by health care workers. Reported current/historic chronic diseases and observed adverse events after co-vaccination were categorized according to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) and the Guiding Principles for the Classification of Adverse Events in Clinical Trials of Preventive Vaccines issued by the National Medical Products Administration. ResultsThe prevalence of underlying chronic diseases was 1.45%, 100.00%, and 37.61% in participants aged 3 – < 8, 8 – < 60, and ≥ 60 years, respectively. All adverse events occurred within 7 days of co-vaccination, with an incidence rate of 2.67%. The incidence rates of grade 1, 2, and 3 adverse events were 1.62%, 0.93%, and 0.13%, respectively. The incidence rates of local and systemic adverse events were 2.25% and 1.00%, respectively. Local reactions were mainly pain at the vaccination site, while systemic reactions were mainly fever. The incidence of local adverse events was higher for PPSV23 than for sFlu when administered at the same time. The incidence rates of adverse reactions in participants aged 3 – < 8, 8 – < 60, and 60 years and older were 2.03%, 3.25%, and 2.89%, respectively, without significant difference (χ2 = 5.741, P > 0.05). The grades of adverse reactions in the participants of the three age groups were mainly grade 1 and 2. The overall incidence rate of adverse reactions in healthy participants was 2.32% and that in unhealthy participants was 3.15%, without significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 3.530, P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence and severity of adverse events between the healthy and unhealthy participants aged 3 – < 8 years and 60 years and older (P > 0.05). ConclusionSimultaneous vaccination with domestic PPSV23 and sFlu has shown good safety in key populations of different ages, health status and simultaneous vaccination with the two vaccines is recommended.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disease that severely impairs vision, often accompanied by oxidative stress damage, cellular apoptosis, and inflammatory responses in the retina. Green tea, which is rich in polyphenols, typically exhibits strong antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, an AMD rat model was induced through a combination of intense light exposure and intraperitoneal injection of sodium iodate. An integrated systems biology approach, combining metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis, was employed to investigate the pharmacological basis of green tea extract (GTE) intervention, elucidate key mechanisms of action, and screen for potential biomarkers. The results indicated that GTE significantly improved oxidative stress damage and inflammatory responses in the retina of AMD rats. Additionally, GTE inhibited retinal cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of caspase-3 protein. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed that GTE activates Glycerophospholipid metabolism, Ether lipid metabolism, Retinol metabolism, Arachidonic acid metabolism, and Vascular smooth muscle contraction signaling pathways in the retina of AMD rats. This activation was achieved through the modulation of gene expressions such as Pla2g3, Mboat1, and Awat2, influencing the levels of retinol, prostaglandin F2α, and multiple phospholipid metabolites in the retina. qRT-PCR experiments confirmed that GTE can regulate the expression levels of several key genes involved in inflammatory responses, phospholipid metabolism, and retinol metabolism, thereby enhancing its therapeutic activity against AMD. In summary, these findings confirm the substantial therapeutic potential of green tea in the treatment of AMD, providing a foundation for clinical applications and drug development.

Abstract Binocular stereo vision relies on imaging disparity between two hemispherical retinas, which is essential to acquire image information in three dimensional environment. Therefore, retinomorphic electronics with structural and functional similarities to biological eyes are always highly desired to develop stereo vision perception system. In this work, a hemispherical optoelectronic memristor array based on Ag‐TiO2 nanoclusters/sodium alginate film is developed to realize binocular stereo vision. All‐optical modulation induced by plasmonic thermal effect and optical excitation in Ag‐TiO2 nanoclusters is exploited to realize in‐pixel image sensing and storage. Wide field of view (FOV) and spatial angle detection are experimentally demonstrated owing to the device arrangement and incident‐angle‐dependent characteristics in hemispherical geometry. Furthermore, depth perception and motion detection based on binocular disparity have been realized by constructing two retinomorphic memristive arrays. The results demonstrated in this work provide a promising strategy to develop all‐optically controlled memristor and promote the future development of binocular vision system with in‐sensor architecture.

Abstract Visual adaptation that can autonomously adjust the response to light stimuli is a basic function of artificial visual systems for intelligent bionic robots. To improve efficiency and reduce complexity, artificial visual systems with integrated visual adaptation functions based on a single device should be developed to replace traditional approaches that require complex circuitry and algorithms. Here, we have developed a single two-terminal opto-sensor based on multilayer γ-InSe flakes, which successfully emulated the visual adaptation behaviors with a new working mechanism combining the photo-pyroelectric and photo-thermoelectric effect. The device can operate in self-powered mode and exhibit good human-eye-like adaptation behaviors, which include broadband light-sensing image adaptation (from ultraviolet to near-infrared), near-complete photosensitivity recovery (99.6%), and synergetic visual adaptation, encouraging the advancement of intelligent opto-sensors and machine vision systems.

The Sky View Factor (SVF) stands as a critical metric for quantitatively assessing urban spatial morphology and its estimation method based on Street View Imagery (SVI) has gained significant attention in recent years. However, most existing Street View-based methods prove inefficient and constrained in SVI dataset collection. These approaches often fall short in capturing detailed visual areas of the sky, and do not meet the requirements for handling large areas. Therefore, an online method for the rapid estimation of a large area SVF using SVI is presented in this study. The approach has been integrated into a WebGIS tool called BMapSVF, which refines the extent of the visible sky and allows for instant estimation of the SVF at observation points. In this paper, an empirical case study is carried out in the street canyons of the Qinhuai District of Nanjing to illustrate the effectiveness of the method. To validate the accuracy of the refined SVF extraction method, we employ both the SVI method based on BMapSVF and the simulation method founded on 3D urban building models. The results demonstrate an acceptable level of refinement accuracy in the test area.

The Omicron EG.5 lineage of SARS-CoV-2 is currently on a trajectory to become the dominant strain. This phase 2 study aims to evaluate the immunogenicity of SCTV01E-2, a tetravalent protein vaccine, with a specific emphasis on its immunogenicity against Omicron EG.5, comparing it with its progenitor vaccine, SCTV01E (NCT05933512). As of 12 September 2023, 429 participants aged ≥18 years were randomized into the groups SCTV01E (N = 215) and SCTV01E-2 (N = 214). Both vaccines showed increases in neutralizing antibody (nAb) against Omicron EG.5, with a 5.7-fold increase and a 9.0-fold increase in the SCTV01E and SCTV01E-2 groups 14 days post-vaccination, respectively. The predetermined statistical endpoints were achieved, showing that the geometric mean titer (GMT) of nAb and the seroresponse rate (SRR) against Omicron EG.5 were significantly higher in the SCTV01E-2 group than in the SCTV01E group. Additionally, SCTV01E and SCTV01E-2 induced a 5.5-fold and a 5.9-fold increase in nAb against XBB.1, respectively. Reactogenicity was generally mild and transient. No vaccine-related serious adverse events (SAEs), adverse events of special interest (AESIs), or deaths were reported. In summary, SCTV01E-2 elicited robust neutralizing responses against Omicron EG.5 and XBB.1 without raising safety concerns, highlighting its potential as a versatile COVID-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Among renewable energy sources, wind energy is regarded as one of the fastest-growing segments, which plays a key role in enhancing environmental quality. Wind turbines are generally located in remote and harsh environments. Bearings are a crucial component in wind turbines, and their failure is one of the most frequent reasons for system breakdown. Wind turbine bearing faults are usually very localized during their early stages which is precisely when they need to be detected. Hence, the early diagnosis of bearing faults holds paramount practical significance. In order to solve the problem of weak pulses being masked by noise in early failure signals of rolling element bearings, a novel fault diagnosis method is proposed based on the combination of complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and an improved TFR demodulation method. Initially, the decomposition of vibration signals using CEEMDAN is carried out to obtain several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Subsequently, a novel KC indicator that combines kurtosis and the correlation function is designed to select the effective components for signal reconstruction. Finally, an innovative approach based on the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) for multi-scale demodulation analysis in the domain of time–frequency representation (TFR) is also introduced to extract the envelope spectrum. Further fault diagnosis can be achieved by the identification of the fault characteristic frequency (FCF). This study focuses on the theoretical exploration of bearing faults diagnosis algorithms, employing modeling and simulation techniques. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are validated through the analysis of simulated signals and experimental signals provided by the Center for Intelligent Maintenance Systems (IMS) of the University of Cincinnati and the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) Bearing Data Center. The method demonstrates the capability to identify various types of bearing faults, including outer race and inner race faults, with a high degree of computational efficiency. Comparative analysis indicates a significant enhancement in fault diagnostic performance when compared to existing methods. This research contributes to the advancement of effective bearing fault diagnosis methodologies for wind turbines, thereby ensuring their reliable operation.

The integration of sensory information from different modalities, such as touch and vision, is essential for organisms to perform behavioral functions such as decision-making, learning, and memory. Artificial implementation of human multi-sensory perception using electronic supports is of great significance for achieving efficient human–machine interaction. Thanks to their structural and functional similarity with biological synapses, memristors are emerging as promising nanodevices for developing artificial neuromorphic perception. Memristive devices can sense multidimensional signals including light, pressure, and sound. Their in-sensor computing architecture represents an ideal platform for efficient multimodal perception. We review recent progress in multimodal memristive technology and its application to neuromorphic perception of complex stimuli carrying visual, olfactory, auditory, and tactile information. At the device level, the operation model and undergoing mechanism have also been introduced. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects associated with this rapidly progressing field of research.

Abstract Auditory motion perception is one crucial capability to decode and discriminate the spatiotemporal information for neuromorphic auditory systems. Doppler frequency‐shift feature and interaural time difference (ITD) are two fundamental cues of auditory information processing. In this work, the functions of azimuth detection and velocity detection, as the typical auditory motion perception, are demonstrated in a WOx‐based memristive synapse. The WOx memristor presents both the volatile mode (M1) and semi‐nonvolatile mode (M2), which are capable of implementing the high‐pass filtering and processing the spike trains with a relative timing and frequency shift. In particular, the Doppler frequency‐shift information processing for velocity detection is emulated in the WOx memristor based auditory system for the first time, which relies on a scheme of triplet spike‐timing‐dependent‐plasticity in the memristor. These results provide new opportunities for the mimicry of auditory motion perception and enable the auditory sensory system to be applied in future neuromorphic sensing.

Abstract Deep ultraviolet monitoring is realized via a high crystal quality SnO2 microwire (MW)‐based photodetector (PD). This is then combined with 2D nitrogen‐doped graphene (NGr), conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy), and an in situ polymerization‐fabricated composite film PPy‐NGr to construct an organic–inorganic p–n heterojunction PD. The long response time brought on by the oxygen adsorption of SnO2 MW is greatly decreased via coating with the aforementioned materials. A defect response is created by the surface dangling bonds of SnO2 MW, which can be effectively suppressed by the PPy. Absorption in the deep ultraviolet region (

Spatially concentrated absorption is able to form local hotspots and helps to generate hot electrons with higher energy than free electrons, which can be used to improve the performance of hot electron devices. Herein, a broadband, wide‐angle, and highly concentrated metamaterial absorber operating in near‐infrared and midinfrared bands is proposed. The absorptivity of the proposed absorber exceeds 90% in the wavelength range of 2.0–5.4 μm, and the average absorptivity at 2.0–5.4 μm reaches 93.5%. Moreover, the absorber can highly concentrate the energy of the incident light on a point on the bottom surface of the device; the area with concentrated energy only accounts for 1.4% of the total area of the bottom, thus forming a hotspot. Meanwhile, the absorber can still maintain an average absorptivity of more than 85% when the incident light angle of various polarization directions reaches 60°. These characteristics enable the device to provide a solution to improve the performance of hot electrons, energy collection, and imaging devices.

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to determine population-based estimates of the epidemiology and prognosis of central nervous system solitary fibrous tumors (cSFTs).MethodsWe extracted the data of patients diagnosed with cSFTs between 2004 and 2018 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. We analyzed the distribution of patients according to their demographic and clinical characteristics. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to predict which patients would be diagnosed with malignant cSFT. Possible prognostic indicators were analyzed by multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsA total of 650 cases were included. The majority of patients were diagnosed at 50-59 years old, and the median age at diagnosis was 55 years. A total of 13.4% of the tumors were located in the spinal canal, and 24% of the tumors were benign. Most of the tumors were larger than 3 cm, but distant metastasis was rare. Tumor resection was the first choice of treatment for these patients, and total resection was achieved in 51.1%. Radiation therapy after surgery was also administered to 42.3% of the patients. The median survival was 57 months. Intracranial tumors and tumors with distant metastasis tended to be malignant. The results of the log-rank test showed that the patients who underwent total resection had better overall survival (OS), but the effect of radiation therapy after surgery was not significant.ConclusioncSFT is a rare and aggressive type of tumor. Tumor resection is the first choice for treatment, and radiation therapy after surgery does not improve OS. Patients older than 60 years of age who are diagnosed with intracranial tumors, malignant tumors and distant metastasis have worse OS outcomes than their counterparts.

The infiltrative growth and malignant biological behavior of glioma make it one of the most challenging malignant tumors in the brain, and how to maximize the extent of resection (EOR) while minimizing the impact on normal brain tissue is the pursuit of neurosurgeons. The current intraoperative visualization assistance techniques applied in clinical practice suffer from low specificity, slow detection speed and low accuracy, while Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a novel spectroscopy technique gradually developed and applied to clinical practice in recent years, which has the advantages of being non-destructive, rapid and accurate at the same time, allowing excellent intraoperative identification of gliomas. In the present work, the latest research on Raman spectroscopy in glioma is summarized to explore the prospect of Raman spectroscopy in glioma surgery.

Abstract Temozolomide (TMZ) is the mainstream chemotherapeutic drug for treating glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), but the intrinsic or acquired chemoresistance to TMZ has become the leading clinical concern, which is related to the repair of DNA alkylation sites by O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Pyrvinium pamoate (PP), the FDA-approved anthelminthic drug, has been reported to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin pathway within numerous cancer types, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can modulate the expression of MGMT gene. However, whether PP affects the expression of MGMT and enhances TMZ sensitivity in GBM cells remains unclear. In the present study, we found that PP and TMZ had synergistic effect on inhibiting the viability of GBM cells, and PP induced inhibition of MGMT and enhanced the TMZ chemosensitivity of GBM cells through down-regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, the overexpression of MGMT or β-catenin weakened the synergy between PP and TMZ. The mechanism of PP in inhibiting the Wnt pathway was indicated that PP resulted in the degradation of β-catenin via the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling axis. Moreover, Ser552 phosphorylation in β-catenin, which promotes its nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity, is blocked by PP that also inhibits the Wnt pathway to some extent. The intracranial GBM mouse model also demonstrated that the synergy between PP and TMZ could be achieved through down-regulating β-catenin and MGMT, which prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, our data suggest that PP may serve as the prospect medicine to improve the chemotherapeutic effect on GBM, especially for chemoresistant to TMZ induced by MGMT overexpression.

The infrared radiation of the target and scene needs to be transmitted through the surface atmosphere, and it can be detected by infrared thermal imaging equipment. The mid-wave infrared band (MWIR, 3–5 μm) and the long-wave infrared band (LWIR, 8–14 μm) are two atmospheric windows for heat transmission and are the principal operating band of infrared equipment. This paper proposed a broadband metamaterial absorber based on hybrid multi-mode resonance in the MWIR and LWIR. Metamaterial absorber with rectangular grating structure achieves a total of six absorption peaks with high absorption in the MWIR and LWIR. The proposed absorber is scalability in the MWIR and LWIR by tuning the structural parameters. And we designed six absorption peaks to achieve a broadband absorber based on the combined action of propagating surface plasmons (PSP), localized surface plasmons (LSP), and Fabry–Pérot (FP) resonance modes. The average absorption rate of the MWIR is 52 %, and the average absorption rate of the LWIR is 86 %. The geometry of the absorber structure is relatively large, which facilitates fabrication and integration. Although, in terms of its resonance mechanism, the absorption is directly related to the incident angle. However, the metamaterial absorber maintains good wide-angle characteristics when the incident angle is ± 45°. Therefore, the proposed dual-band absorbers in the MWIR and LWIR will have great application potential in infrared detection devices.

Electronic devices with biomaterials have paved a way toward “green electronics” to create a sustainable future. Memristors are drawing growing attention with integrated sensing, memory, and computing for future artificial intelligence applications. Biomaterial is an emerging class of memristive materials (the device is called as biomemristor) for transient and/or biodegradable purpose. Importantly, several unique features such as faithful synaptic behaviors, bimodal switching, and biovoltage operations are observed in biomemristors. Moreover, the biomemristors are suitable for human‐related applications due to the inherent biocompatibility of biomaterials and flexibility of the device with ultrathin thickness. These features make the biomemristors promising for biorealistic neuromorphic applications. Herein, the state of the art of biomemristors are comprehensively summarized and systematically discussed with particular attention on their unique biorealistic features. Challenges and prospects toward the further development of biomemristors are also provided and discussed.

The intriguing properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) enable the exploration of new electronic device architectures, particularly the emerging memristive devices for in-memory computing applications. Implementation of arithmetic logic operations taking advantage of the non-linear characteristics of memristor can significantly improve the energy efficiency and simplify the complexity of peripheral circuits. Herein, we demonstrate an arithmetic logic unit function using a lateral volatile memristor based on layered 2D tungsten disulfide (WS2) materials and some combinational logic circuits. Removable oxygen ions were introduced into WS2 materials through oxygen plasma treatment process. The resistive switching of the memristive device caused by the thermophoresis-assisted oxygen ions migration has also been revealed. Based on the characteristics of excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), and spike rate dependent plasticity (SRDP), a real-time numerical system convertor was successfully accomplished, which is a significant computing function of arithmetic logic unit. This work paves a new way for developing 2D memristive devices for future arithmetic logic applications.

Ultra-broadband metamaterials absorbers with high absorption, ultrathin thickness and easy configurations are designed and demonstrated, which pave the way for enhancing the optical performance in applications of infrared thermal emitters, imaging and photodetectors.

In the present study, the porous starch (PS) was used as an efficient carrier of honokiol (HK), and the HK-loaded PS (HPS) delivery system was prepared by melting method without using organic solvents. Its physical-chemical properties, solubility and oral bioavailability were also investigated. The obtained results proved that the HK in the HPS was mostly amorphous when it was loaded into the PSs with 87.54 ± 1.52% of encapsulation efficiency (EE) and 12.51 ± 0.22% of drug loading (DL) capacity. The water-solubility of the HPS was increased to 115.27 ± 2.92 μg/mL (pH = 1.2, artificial gastric juice (AGJ)), 161.58 ± 3.42 (pH = 6.8, artificial intestinal juice (AIJ)) and 148.5 ± 1.89 μg/mL (pH = 5.5, simulated tumor microenvironment), being 6.07, 4.38 and 4.87-folds higher than free HK. In vitro dissolution tests showed the HK was significantly higher from HPS than from free HK. Furthermore, compared with free HK, the release rate and the bioavailability was also substantially improved for HK from the HPS. Meanwhile, the HPS generated a higher inhibition to HepG2 cells than free HK.

Designing reliable and energy efficient neuromorphic computing systems for spatiotemporal coding remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate a type of spike-rate-dependent plasticity based on a triplet learning scheme in a WO3−x-based second-order memristor network for spatiotemporal patterns.

Abstract Background Abdominal surgery is common and is associated with severe postoperative pain. The transverse abdominal plane (TAP) block is considered an effective means for pain control in such cases. The quadratus lumborum (QL) block is another option for the management of postoperative pain. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis and thereby evaluate the efficacy and safety of QL blocks and TAP blocks for pain management after abdominal surgery. Methods We comprehensively searched PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and CNKI for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared QL blocks and TAP blocks for pain management in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. All of the data were screened and evaluated by two researchers. RevMan5.3 was adopted for the meta-analysis. Results A total of 8 RCTs involving 564 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to postoperative pain scores at 2 h (standardized mean difference [Std.MD] = − 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] = − 2.63 to − 0.89; p

Abstract Exploration of optoelectronic memristors with the capability to combine sensing and processing functions is required to promote development of efficient neuromorphic vision. In this work, the authors develop a plasmonic optoelectronic memristor that relies on the effects of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and optical excitation in an Ag–TiO2 nanocomposite film. Fully light‐induced synaptic plasticity (e.g., potentiation and depression) under visible and ultraviolet light stimulations is demonstrated, which enables the functional combination of visual sensing and low‐level image pre‐processing (including contrast enhancement and noise reduction) in a single device. Furthermore, the light‐gated and electrically‐driven synaptic plasticity can be performed in the same device, in which the spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP) learning functions can be reversibly modulated by visible and ultraviolet light illuminations. Thereby, the high‐level image processing function, i.e., image recognition, can also be performed in this memristor, whose recognition rate and accuracy are obviously enhanced as a result of image pre‐processing and light‐gated STDP enhancement. Experimental analysis shows that the memristive switching mechanism under optical stimulation can be attributed to the oxidation/reduction of Ag nanoparticles due to the effects of LSPR and optical excitation. The authors' work proposes a new type of plasmonic optoelectronic memristor with fully light‐modulated capability that may promote the future development of efficient neuromorphic vision.

Addiction is a chronically relapsing neuropsychiatric disease that occurs in some, but not all, individuals who use substances of abuse. Relatively little is known about the mechanisms which contribute to individual differences in susceptibility to addiction. Neural gene expression regulation underlies the pathogenesis of addiction, which is mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA modifications. A growing body of work has demonstrated distinct DNA epigenetic signatures in brain reward regions that may be associated with addiction susceptibility. Furthermore, factors that influence addiction susceptibility are also known to have a DNA epigenetic basis. In the present review, we discuss the notion that addiction susceptibility has an underlying DNA epigenetic basis. We focus on major phenotypes of addiction susceptibility and review evidence of cell type-specific, time dependent, and sex biased effects of drug use. We highlight the role of DNA epigenetics in these diverse processes and propose its contribution to addiction susceptibility differences. Given the prevalence and lack of effective treatments for addiction, elucidating the DNA epigenetic mechanism of addiction vulnerability may represent an expeditious approach to relieving the addiction disease burden.

Gliomas are the most common primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system, and their conventional treatment involves maximal safe surgical resection combined with radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy; however, this treatment does not meet the requirements of patients in terms of survival and quality of life. Graphene oxide (GO) has excellent physical and chemical properties and plays an important role in the treatment of gliomas mainly through four applications, viz. direct killing, drug delivery, immunotherapy, and phototherapy. This article reviews research on GO nanocarriers in the treatment of gliomas in recent years and also highlights new ideas for the treatment of these tumors.

Spiking neural network (SNN), widely known as the third-generation neural network, has been frequently investigated due to its excellent spatiotemporal information processing capability, high biological plausibility, and low energy consumption characteristics. Analogous to the working mechanism of human brain, the SNN system transmits information through the spiking action of neurons. Therefore, artificial neurons are critical building blocks for constructing SNN in hardware. Memristors are drawing growing attention due to low consumption, high speed, and nonlinearity characteristics, which are recently introduced to mimic the functions of biological neurons. Researchers have proposed multifarious memristive materials including organic materials, inorganic materials, or even two-dimensional materials. Taking advantage of the unique electrical behavior of these materials, several neuron models are successfully implemented, such as Hodgkin–Huxley model, leaky integrate-and-fire model and integrate-and-fire model. In this review, the recent reports of artificial neurons based on memristive devices are discussed. In addition, we highlight the models and applications through combining artificial neuronal devices with sensors or other electronic devices. Finally, the future challenges and outlooks of memristor-based artificial neurons are discussed, and the development of hardware implementation of brain-like intelligence system based on SNN is also prospected.

Abstract Background Gliomas are common life-threatening cancers, mainly due to their aggressive nature and frequent invasiveness and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as promising molecular targets. Therefore, we explored the regulatory mechanisms underlying the putative involvement of the lncRNA PAX-interacting protein 1- antisense RNA1/ETS proto-oncogene 1/kinesin family member 14 (PAXIP1-AS1/ETS1/KIF14) axis in glioma cell invasion and angiogenesis. Methods Firstly, we identified differentially expressed lncRNA PAXIP1-AS1 as associated with glioma based on bioinformatic data. Then, validation experiments were conducted to confirm a high expression level of lncRNA PAXIP1-AS1 in glioma tissues and cells, accompanied by upregulated KIF14. We further examined the binding between lncRNA PAXIP1-AS1, KIF14 promoter activity, and transcription factor ETS1. Next, overexpression vectors and shRNAs were delivered to alter the expression of lncRNA PAXIP1-AS1, KIF14, and ETS1 to analyze their effects on glioma progression in vivo and in vitro. Results LncRNA PAXIP1-AS1 was mainly distributed in the nucleus of glioma cells. LncRNA PAXIP1-AS1 could upregulate the KIF14 promoter activity by recruiting transcription factor ETS1. Overexpression of lncRNA PAXIP1-AS1 enhanced migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in glioma by recruiting the transcription factor ETS1 to upregulate the expression of KIF14, which was further confirmed by accelerated tumor growth in nude mice. Conclusions The key findings of this study highlighted the potential of the lncRNA PAXIP1-AS1/ETS1/KIF14 axis as a therapeutic target for glioma treatment, due to its role in controlling the migration and invasion of glioma cells and its angiogenesis.

Abstract Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a significant role in cancer initiation and metastasis, sometimes by releasing exosomes that mediate cell communication by delivering microRNAs (miRNAs). This study aimed to investigate the effects of exosomal miR-133b derived from MSCs on glioma cell behaviors. Methods Microarray-based analysis identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in glioma. The expression patterns of EZH2 and miR-133b along with interaction between them were clarified in glioma. The expression of miR-133b and EZH2 in glioma cells was altered to examine their functions on cell activities. Furthermore, glioma cells were co-cultured with MSC-derived exosomes treated with miR-133b mimic or inhibitor, and EZH2-over-expressing vectors or shRNA against EZH2 to characterize their effect on proliferation, invasion, and migration of glioma cells in vitro. In vivo assays were also performed to validate the in vitro findings. Results miR-133b was downregulated while EZH2 was upregulated in glioma tissues and cells. miR-133b was found to target and negatively regulate EZH2 expression. Moreover, EZH2 silencing resulted in inhibited glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Additionally, MSC-derived exosomes containing miR-133b repressed glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by inhibiting EZH2 and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, in vivo experiments confirmed the tumor-suppressive effects of MSC-derived exosomal miR-133b on glioma development. Conclusion Collectively, the obtained results suggested that MSC-derived exosomes carrying miR-133b could attenuate glioma development via disrupting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by inhibiting EZH2, which provides a potential treatment biomarker for glioma.

The layered GaS has attracted much attention in the field of photodetection recently because of its considerable responsivity (∼A/W) caused by the high quantum yields, while its slow response speed (∼ms) due to the low carrier mobility limits its practical applications. Here, by separating a few-layered GaS (∼15 nm) with its substrate to prepare a device with the typical suspended architecture, we trade off its responsivity with speed for the first time. A responsivity of ∼ 103 A/W and a switch time of ∼ μs are achieved simultaneously in a wide UV–vis range (300–628 nm), which exceeds that of the most current 2D material-based photodetectors. The excellent mechanical stiffness of layered GaS avoids the interface scattering and trap caused by the contacting with substrate or its own deformation. This is beneficial to the significant improvement of carrier mobility and fully activating the intrinsic properties of GaS. Combined with the comparative experiments and band theory analysis, this assertion is confirmed and the photoconductance effect is determined to play a dominant role. These results show a promising strategy for improving the performance of GaS photodetector, especially providing references for its future integrated devices.

Abstract Organic‐inorganic halide perovskites (OHPs) have been intensively studied for application in solar cells with high conversion efficiency exceeding 22%. The unique electrical and optical properties of OHPs have led to their use in optoelectronic device applications beyond photovoltaics, such as light‐emitting diodes, photodetectors, transistors. New information storage technologies and computing architectures are being researched extensively with the aim of addressing the growing challenge of approaching end of Moore's law and von Neumann bottleneck. As the fourth basic circuit element, memristor is a leading candidate with powerful capabilities in information storage and neuromorphic computing applications. Recently, OHPs have received growing attention as promising materials for memristors. In particular, their mixed ionic‐electronic conduction ability paired with light sensitivity provide OHPs with the opportunity to display novel functions such as optical‐erase memory, optogenetics‐inspired synaptic functions, and light‐accelerated learning capability. This review covers recent advances in OHP‐based memristors development including memristive mechanism and analytical models, universal memristive characteristics for memory and neuromorphic computing applications, and novel multi‐functionalization. Challenges and future prospects of OHP‐based memristors are also discussed.

Improving the stability of lead iodide (PbI2), especially photostability, is in crucial demand for the realization of application‐level optoelectronic devices. In this regard, deposition of organic polymers on PbI2 as a protective layer is a common strategy to improve its stability, but polymers with low thermal conductivity generally cannot produce the desired effect. Herein, a novel strategy is proposed for improving the photostability of PbI2 at different excitation wavelengths, including 320, 405, and 532 nm, via constructing type‐I heterostructure with ZnO with high thermal conductivity. In addition, due to the type‐I band alignment between PbI2 and ZnO, the photogenerated carriers in ZnO can be transferred to PbI2, resulting in a nearly eightfold photoluminescence enhancement of PbI2 under 320 nm laser excitation. The ZnO as a protective layer forming type‐I heterostructure is evidenced as a feasible strategy for enhancing the photostability and photoluminescence of PbI2, facilitating the development of practical applications.

Early growth response factor 1 (EGR1) is a transcription factor that is mainly involved in the processes of tissue injury, immune responses, and fibrosis. Recent studies have shown that EGR1 is closely related to the initiation and progression of cancer and may participate in tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis and in tumor angiogenesis. Nonetheless, the specific mechanism whereby EGR1 modulates these processes remains to be elucidated. This review article summarizes possible mechanisms of action of EGR1 in tumorigenesis and tumor progression and may serve as a reference for clinical efficacy predictions and for the discovery of new therapeutic targets.

A neuromorphic computing chip that can imitate the human brain’s ability to process multiple types of data simultaneously could fundamentally innovate and improve the von-neumann computer architecture, which has been criticized. Memristive devices are among the best hardware units for building neuromorphic intelligence systems due to the fact that they operate at an inherent low voltage, use multi-bit storage, and are cost-effective to manufacture. However, as a passive device, the memristor cell needs external energy to operate, resulting in high power consumption and complicated circuit structure. Recently, an emerging self-powered memristive system, which mainly consists of a memristor and an electric nanogenerator, had the potential to perfectly solve the above problems. It has attracted great interest due to the advantages of its power-free operations. In this review, we give a systematic description of self-powered memristive systems from storage to neuromorphic computing. The review also proves a perspective on the application of artificial intelligence with the self-powered memristive system.

This study explored the development of immobilized microorganism carriers for pyrene degradation. Two bacterial strains Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa), along with bacterial consortium were cultured for 14 d. Powdered activated carbon (PAC), binder CaCl2, and sodium alginate (SA) were used as beads to immobilize the bacterial consortium for improving the degradation effects of the pyrene. Removal rate, mass transfer properties, embedding ratio, crosslinking time, pH, and temperature effects on Pyrene removal efficiency were studied for the immobilized particles. The obtained results indicate that the removal rate of pyrene was reached up to 91.6 %, which improved 89.26 % with compared to the control conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization showed that the PAC has increased more porous structure in the immobilization SA beads, which was responsible for maintaining bacterial activity and improving mass transferability. PAC added SA immobilization can enhance the effect of pyrene degradation by improving the bacterial absorption ability and nutrient permeability.

Tanacetum cinerariifolium flowers synthesize six pyrethrins that function as effective insecticides. trans-Chrysanthemol is an early intermediate in the synthesis of the monoterpene moiety of pyrethrins. Previously, the pyrethrum enzyme chrysanthemyl diphosphate synthase (TcCDS) was shown to catalyze the formation of the prenyl diphosphate compound chrysanthemyl diphosphate (CPP) by condensing two molecules of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). Later work also showed that with a low concentration of DMAPP, TcCDS can also remove the diphosphate group to give chrysanthemol. The removal of the phosphate groups from other prenyl diphosphates, such as DMAPP, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and geranyl diphosphate (GPP), was previously shown to occur in two steps. In those cases, the first phosphate group is removed by a member of the Nudix hydrolase protein family, and the second by other unidentified phosphatases. These previously characterized Nudix proteins involved in the hydrolysis of prenyl diphosphates were shown to be cytosolic. Here we report that a plastidic Nudix protein from pyrethrum, designated TcNudix1, has high specificity for CPP and can hydrolyze it to chrysanthemol monophosphate (CMP). TcNudix1 is expressed specifically in the trichomes of the ovaries, where chrysanthemol is produced. TcNudix1 expression patterns and pathway reconstitution experiments presented here implicate the TcNudix1 protein in the biosynthesis of chrysanthemol.

We demonstrated an effective approach to suppress conductive filament (CF) overgrowth through the introduction of a AgInSbTe (AIST) buffer layer into amorphous carbon-based electrochemical metallization memory devices. The overshoot current (IOS) was monitored in real-time for the devices with and without the AIST layer. Our results indicates that the IOS was eliminated after insertion of the buffer layer. The effect of the AIST layer on CF overgrowth suppression could be attributed to the lower VSET and capacity to hold excess Ag-ions. The optimized Pt/a-C/AIST/Ag devices exhibited highly uniform switching parameters, fast switching speed (6 cycles).

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and has high morbidity and mortality rates. Central nervous system (CNS) metastasis is one of the most frequent complications in patients with NSCLC and seriously affects the quality of life (QOL) and overall survival (OS) of patients, with a median OS of untreated patients of only 1–3 months. There are various treatment methods for NSCLC CNS metastasis, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, which do not meet the requirements of patients in terms of improving OS and QOL. There are still many problems in the treatment of NSCLC CNS metastasis that need to be solved urgently. This review summarizes the research progress in the treatment of NSCLC CNS metastasis to provide a reference for clinical practice.

Whole mitogenomes are a useful data source for a wide variety of research goals due to the vastly cheaper sequencing cost and the far less demanding high-quality templates. The mitogenome has demonstrated great potential in resolving phylogenetic questions in Orthoptera at different taxonomic scales as well as exploring patterns of molecular and morphological character evolutions. In this study, the complete mitogenome of Alulacrisshilinensis (Zheng, 1977) was sequenced using next-generation sequencing, the characteristics of the mitogenome are presented briefly, and the phylogeny of the Melanoplinae and Catantopinae was reconstructed using a selected dataset of mitogenome sequences under maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference frameworks. The results show that the genus was consistently assigned to the subfamily Melanoplinae rather than Catantopinae in all phylogenetic trees deduced from different datasets under different frameworks, and this finding is entirely consistent with its morphological characters. Therefore, it is more appropriate to place the genus Alulacris in Melanoplinae rather than in Catantopinae.

Solution-processed thin film transistors (TFTs) used in flexible electronics require them to be fabricated under low temperature. Ultraviolet (UV) treatment is an effective method to transform the solution precursors into dense semiconductor films. In our work, high-quality indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin films were prepared from nitrate-based precursors after UV treatment at room temperature. After UV treatment, the structure of IZO thin films was gradually rearranged, resulting in good M–O–M network formation and bonds. TFTs using IZO as a channel layer were also fabricated on Si and Polyimide (PI) substrate. The field effect mobility, threshold voltage (Vth), and subthreshold swing (SS) for rigid and flexible IZO TFTs are 14.3 and 9.5 cm2/Vs, 1.1 and 1.7 V, and 0.13 and 0.15 V/dec., respectively. This low-temperature processed route will definitely contribute to flexible electronics fabrication.

In this paper, a prediction method of the heat transfer coefficient of composite vacuum glazing (CVG) is proposed. By analyzing the heat transfer process of CVG, the theoretical calculation formula for the heat transfer coefficient of CVG is established. CVG temperature variation under the test conditions specified in the national standard is simulated using ANSYS. The CVG heat transfer coefficient is calculated by combining the theoretical formula and simulation results. The simulation results are then verified by comparison to a physical experiment. The results show that the deviations between the experimental and predicted values are ≤3.8%, verifying the accuracy of the simulation results and proving that the model can be used in engineering practice. Furthermore, the effects of different coating positions on the heat transfer performance of CVG are studied. The results show that different coating positions have a significant impact on the heat transfer coefficient of CVG. The heat transfer coefficient is shown to be lowest to highest under the following conditions: when the Low-E coatings are located on both sides of the vacuum layer (2LC-V), followed by Low-E coatings on the side of glass pane II near the vacuum layer (1LC-V), Low-E coatings located on the side of glass pane I near insulating layer (1LC-I), and finally, when there are no Low-E coatings (NLC) on the glass panes. Overall, this model is an effective and accurate analysis method of the heat transfer coefficient.

Abstract Metal fiber nanomeshes, fabricated by depositing metals on the electrospun nanofiber templates, have come into the spotlight as promising stretchable transparent conductors. However, most currently stretchable metal fibers are produced via expensive vacuum deposition methods. This work reports a low‐cost approach to prepare transparent, conducting, and serpentine silver nanofiber mesh elastomers (SNME). The key of forming SNME is buckling the electrospun polymer nanofiber templates into wavy structure and subsequently electrolessly depositing silver on the templates. Optoelectronic performance of the SNME is elaborately optimized by tuning the number of Ag nanoseeds and the electroless deposition time. The resulting SNME exhibit a high visible light transmittance of 81%, a low sheet resistance of 9.2 Ω sq−1, and an excellent stretchability with 2.4‐times of resistance increases after repeated stretching to 70% for 1000 cycles. In situ observations indicate that the SNME are capable of straightening and rearranging to adapt to the tensile deformation. Its application potential as an ideal platform for fabricating intelligent interfaces is demonstrated by using the SNME as a wearable resistance sensor which can monitor finger joint motions.

Abstract The absence of an effective approach to achieve free‐standing inorganic memristors seriously hinders the development of transferable artificial synapses. Here, a transferable WOx‐based memristive synapse is demonstrated using a nondestructive water‐dissolution method in which the NaCl substrate is selected as the sacrificial layer due to its thermotolerance and water‐solubility. The essential synaptic learning functions are achieved to comprehensively mimic the biological synapse, such as short‐term/long‐term plasticity, paired‐pulse facilitation, and spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity. This artificial synapse can be transferred and conformed onto various unconventional substrates to manifest the flexibility, 3D conformality, and biocompatibility. There is no mechanical damage during the transfer process, and all these transferred devices present excellent synaptic emulations. The memristive behavior shows no degeneration after large‐angle bending or 100 times bending tests. This result may pave a feasible way for the realization of wearable neuromorphic computing systems in the future.

Flow boiling in microporous layers has attracted a great deal of attention in the enhanced heat transfer field due to its high heat dissipation potential. In this study, flow boiling experiments were performed on both porous microchannels and a copper-based microchannel, using water as the coolant. As the heat flux was less than 80 W/cm2, the porous microchannels presented significantly higher boiling heat transfer coefficients than the copper-based microchannel. This was closely associated with the promotion of the nucleation site density of the porous coating. With the further increase in heat flux, the heat transfer coefficients of the porous microchannels were close to those of the copper-based sample. The boiling process in the porous microchannel was found to be dominated by the nucleate boiling mechanism from low to moderate heat flux (2).This switched to the convection boiling mode at high heat flux. The porous samples were able to mitigate flow instability greatly. A visual observation revealed that porous microchannels could suppress the flow fluctuation due to the establishment of a stable nucleate boiling process. Porous microchannels showed no advantage over the copper-based sample in the critical heat flux. The optimal thickness-to-particle-size ratio (δ/d) for the porous microchannel was confirmed to be between 2–5. In this range, the maximum enhanced effect on boiling heat transfer could be achieved.

Objective: The present study aimed to explore the association between NFIX circular RNA (circNFIX) and miR-34a-5p in glioma. Furthermore, this study investigated the influence that circNFIX has on glioma progression through the upregulation of NOTCH1 via the Notch signaling pathway by sponging miR-34a-5p.Methods: We applied five methods, CIRCexplorer2, circRNA-finder, CIRI, find-circ and MapSplice2, to screen for circRNAs with differential expression between three glioma tissue samples and three paired normal tissue samples. The GSEA software was used to confirm whether significantly different pathways were activated or inactivated in glioma tissues. The binding sites between circNFIX and miR-34a-5p were confirmed by TargetScan. QRT-PCR and western blot were used to measure the relative expression levels of circNFIX, miR-34a-5p and NOTCH and identify their correlation in glioma. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) validated the binding relationship between circNFIX and miR-34a-5p, while the targeted relationship between NOTCH1 and miR-34a-5p was verified by a dual luciferase reporter assay. Cell viability and mobility were examined by a CCK-8 assay and wound healing assay, and a flow cytometry assay was employed to analyze cell apoptosis. The nude mouse transplantation tumor experiment verified that si-circNFIX exerted a suppressive effect on glioma progression in vivo.Results: Twelve circRNAs were differentially expressed between the tissue types. Of those, circNFIX was the sole circRNA to be overexpressed in glioma among the five methods of finding circRNAs. In addition, the Notch signaling pathway was considerably upregulated in tumor tissues compared with the paired normal brain tissues. It was determined that circNFIX acted as a sponge of miR-34a-5p, a miRNA that targeted NOTCH1. Downregulation of circNFIX and upregulation of miR-34a-5p both inhibited cell propagation and migration. Furthermore, a miR-34a-5p inhibitor neutralized the suppressive effect of si-circNFIX on glioma cells. Si-circNFIX and miR-34a-5p mimics promoted cell apoptosis. Moreover, it was demonstrated in vivo that si-circNFIX could suppress glioma growth by regulating miR-34a-5p and NOTCH1.Conclusion: CircNFIX was markedly upregulated in glioma cells. CircNFIX could regulate NOTCH1 and the Notch signaling pathway to promote glioma progression by sponging miR-34a-5p via the Notch signaling pathway. This finding provided a deeper insight into the function of circNFIX in human glioma cancer progression.