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1. Thermal conductivity reduction due to phonon geometrical scattering in nano-engineered epitaxial germanium

Author

Paterson, Jessy, Mitra, Sunanda, Liu, Yanqing, Boukhari, Mustapha, Singhal, Dhruv, Lacroix, David, Hadji, Emmanuel, Barski, André, Tainoff, Dimitri, and Bourgeois, Olivier

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Nano-engineering crystalline materials can be used to tailor their thermal properties. By adding new nanoscale phonon scattering centers and controlling their size, one can effectively decrease the phonon mean free path and hence the thermal conductivity of a fully crystalline material. In this letter, we use the 3$\omega$ method in the temperature range of 100-300 K to experimentally report on the more than threefold reduction of the thermal conductivity of an epitaxially-grown crystalline germanium thin film with embedded polydispersed crystalline \ch{Ge3Mn5} nano-inclusions with diameters ranging from 5 to 25~nm. A detailed analysis of the structure of the thin film coupled with Monte Carlo simulations of phonon transport highlight the role of the nano-inclusions volume fraction in the reduction of the phononic contribution to the thermal conductivity, in particular its temperature dependence, leading to a phonon mean free path that is set by geometrical constraints., Comment: Applied Physics Letters, In press

Published
2024

2. Reduction of phonon mean free path: from low temperature physics to room temperature applications in thermoelectricity

Author

Bourgeois, Olivier, Tainoff, Dimitri, Tavakoli, Adib, Liu, Yanqing, Blanc, Christophe, Boukhari, Mustapha, Barski, André, and Hadji, Emmanuel

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

It has been proposed for a long time now that the reduction of the thermal conductivity by reducing the phonon mean free path is one of the best way to improve the current performance of thermoelectrics. By measuring the thermal conductance and thermal conductivity of nanowires and thin films, we show different ways of increasing the phonon scattering from low temperature up to room temperature experiments. It is shown that playing with the geometry (constriction, periodic structures, nano-inclusions), from the ballistic to the diffusive limit, the phonon thermal transport can be severely altered in single crystalline semiconducting structures; the phonon mean free path being in consequence reduced. The diverse implications on thermoelectric properties will be eventually discussed.

Published
2016

3. Degenerate epitaxy-driven defects in monolayer silicon oxide onto ruthenium

Author

Mathur, Shashank, Vlaic, Sergio, Machado-Charry, Eduardo, Vu, Anh-Duc, Guisset, Valérie, David, Philippe, Hadji, Emmanuel, Pochet, Pascal, and Coraux, Johann

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

The structure of the ultimately-thin crystalline allotrope of silicon oxide, prepared onto a ruthenium surface, is unveiled down to atomic scale with chemical sensitivity, thanks to high resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and first principle calculations. An ordered oxygen lattice is imaged which coexists with the two-dimensional monolayer oxide. This coexistence signals a displacive transformation from an oxygen reconstructed-Ru(0001) to silicon oxide, along which latterally-shifted domains form, each with equivalent and degenerate epitaxial relationships with the substrate. The unavoidable character of defects at boundaries between these domains appeals for the development of alternative methods capable of producing single-crystalline two-dimensional oxides.

Published
2015
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4. In a nanoscience lab

Author

Bayle-Guillemaud, Pascale, Hadji, Emmanuel, Reiss, Peter, and Villain, Jacques

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

The production, observation and manipulation of very small objects is a tour de force, but these objects, which could infiltrate anywhere without being seen, may arouse suspicion. To assess the situation at best, we describe the activity of a nanoscience research institution, some of the methods used there, the spirit of its researchers and their attitude towards risk., Comment: article accept\'e pour publication dans les C.R. Physique. El\'ement d'un dossier 'Nanosciences et nanotechnologies: esp\'erances et inqui\'etudes". D'autres articles de ce dossier, ainsi que la version fran\c{c}aise de cet articles, seront \'egalement soumis \`a HAL

Published
2011
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5. Tunable optical lattices in the near-field of a few-mode nanophotonic waveguide

Author

Pin Christophe, Jager Jean-Baptiste, Tardif Manon, Picard Emmanuel, Hadji Emmanuel, de Fornel Frédérique, and Cluzel Benoît

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Due to the action of the scattering force, particles that are optically trapped at the surface of a waveguide are propelled in the direction of the light propagation. In this work, we demonstrate an original approach for creating tunable periodic arrays of optical traps along a few-mode silicon nanophotonic waveguide. We show how the near-field optical forces at the surface of the waveguide are periodically modulated when two guided modes with different propagation constants are simultaneously excited. The phenomenon is used to achieve stable trapping of a large number of dielectric particles or bacteria along a single waveguide. By controlling the light coupling conditions and the laser wavelength, we investigate several techniques for manipulating the trapped particles. Especially, we demonstrate that the period of the optical lattice can be finely tuned by adjusting the laser wavelength. This effect can be used to control the trap positions, and thus transport the trapped particles in both directions along the waveguide.

Published
2019
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6. Phage susceptibility testing and infectious titer determination through wide-field lensless monitoring of phage plaque growth

Author

Perlemoine, Prisca, Marcoux, Pierre, Picard, Emmanuel, Hadji, Emmanuel, Zelsmann, Marc, Mugnier, Grégoire, Marchet, Aurélie, Resch, Grégory, O’Connell, Larry, Lacot, Eric, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire des technologies de la microélectronique (LTM ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Department of Fundamental Microbiology [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Chimie pour la Reconnaissance et l’Etude d’Assemblages Biologiques (CREAB ), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Département Interfaces pour l'énergie, la Santé et l'Environnement (DIESE), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)

Subjects
Time Factors, Lysis (Medicine), [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Imaging Techniques, Physiology, Science, Staphylococcus, viruses, Geometry, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Research and Analysis Methods, Microbiology, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Klebsiella, Microbial Control, Tissue Repair, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Medicine and Health Sciences, Prototypes, Bacteriophages, Staphylococcus Aureus, Microbial Pathogens, Lenses, Pharmacology, Bacteria, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Bacterial Pathogens, Kinetics, Technology Development, Radii, Medical Microbiology, Antibiotic Resistance, Viruses, Physical Sciences, Medicine, Engineering and Technology, Antimicrobial Resistance, Pathogens, Physiological Processes, Mathematics, Research Article
Abstract

International audience; The growing number of drug-resistant bacterial infections worldwide is driving renewed interest in phage therapy. Based on the use of a personalized cocktail composed of highly specific bacterial viruses, this therapy relies on a range of tests on agar media to determine the most active phage on a given bacterial target (phage susceptibility testing), or to isolate new lytic phages from an environmental sample (enrichment of phage banks). However, these culture-based techniques are still solely interpreted through direct visual detection of plaques. The main objective of this work is to investigate computer-assisted methods inorder to ease and accelerate diagnosis in phage therapy but also to study phage plaque growth kinetics. For this purpose, we designed a custom wide-field lensless imaging device, which allows continuous monitoring over a very large area sensor (3.3 cm$^2$ ). Here we report bacterial susceptibility to $Staphylococcus\ aureus$ phage in 3 hr and estimation of infectious titer in 8 hr 20 min. These are much shorter time-to-results than the 12 to 24 hours traditionally needed, since naked eye observation and counting of phage plaques is still the most widely used technique for susceptibility testing prior to phage therapy. Moreover, the continuous monitoring of the samples enables the study of plaque growth kinetics, which enables a deeper understanding of the interaction between phage and bacteria. Finally, thanks to the 4.3 μm resolution, we detect phage-resistant bacterial microcolonies of $Klebsiella\ pneumoniae$ inside the boundaries of phage plaques and thus show that our prototype is also asuitable device to track phage resistance. Lensless imaging is therefore an all-in-one method that could easily be implemented in cost-effective and compact devices in phage laboratories to help with phage therapy diagnosis.

Published
2021

8. HgCdTe molecular beam epitaxy material for microcavity light emitters: Application to gas detection in the 2–6 µm range

Author

Zelsmann, M., Charvolin, T., Heitzmann, M., Dal’zotto, B., Nier, M., Seassal, C., Rojo-Romeo, P., Letartre, X., Zanatta, J., Noël, F., Ballet, P., Hdadach, N., Million, A., Destefanis, G., Mottin, E., Kopp, C., Picard, E., Hadji, Emmanuel, HADJI, Emmanuel, Laboratoire des technologies de la microélectronique (LTM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), INL - Nanophotonique (INL - Photonique), Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE), INL - Hétéroepitaxie et Nanostructures (INL - H&N), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Silicon Nanoelectronics Photonics and Structures (SiNaps), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.ELEC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.TRON] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2003

9. In a nanoscience lab

Author

Bayle-Guillemaud, Pascale, primary, Hadji, Emmanuel, additional, Reiss, Peter, additional, and Villain, Jacques, additional

Published
2011
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10. A near-field actuated optical nanocavity

Author

Cluzell, Benoit, primary, Lalouat, Loic, additional, Velha, Philippe, additional, Picard, Emmanuel, additional, Peyrade, David, additional, Rodier, Jean-Claude, additional, Charvolin, Thomas, additional, Lalanne, Philippe, additional, de Fornel, Frédérique, additional, and Hadji, Emmanuel, additional

Published
2008
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13. Neodymium photoluminescence in Whispering Gallery Modes of toroidal microcavities

Author

Valérie Lefèvre-Seguin, F. Guattari, Fedja Orucevic, J. Verbert, Emmanuel Hadji, Jean Hare, Jean-Michel Gérard, Silicon Nanoelectronics Photonics and Structures (SiNaps), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and HADJI, Emmanuel

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Fabrication, Photoluminescence, Materials science, Evanescent wave, [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 01 natural sciences, Neodymium, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Toroid, business.industry, [SPI.ELEC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Optical microcavity, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.TRON] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, chemistry, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Light emission, Whispering-gallery wave, business
Abstract

We report on light emission from high-Q neodymium-implanted silica microtoroids. After description of the fabrication process of microtoroids, Neodymium light emission is analysed. This emission is coupled to various modes of the cavity. Using evanescent wave detection, we achieve selective detection of Whispering Gallery Modes of a microtoroid.

Published
2006

14. Resonant-cavity infrared optoelectronic devices

Author

Emmanuel Hadji, J. Bleuse, N. Magnea, J.L. Pautrat, Silicon Nanoelectronics Photonics and Structures (SiNaps), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), and HADJI, Emmanuel

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Laser linewidth, Optics, law, Dielectric mirror, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Diode, 010302 applied physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, [SPI.ELEC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Distributed Bragg reflector, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.TRON] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Active layer, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Infrared detector, 0210 nano-technology, business, Light-emitting diode
Abstract

The CdxHg1−xTe compounds are well suited to the design of resonant microcavity devices. Indeed these compounds display a wide variation of bandgap and refractive index with composition, while the lattice parameter remains practically unchanged. Microcavities resonating in the 3–5 µm range have been prepared by molecular beam epitaxy. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are obtained by stacking a lower Bragg mirror (10.5 periods) which is doped n-type and a nominally undoped cavity medium containing a 50 nm active layer (CdTe-HgTe pseudo-alloy). The upper mirror is a gold layer deposited on the cavity, which is partly p-type doped. The diode emission is observed under direct bias, up to room temperature, in coincidence with the cavity resonance mode (linewidth 8 meV). It is much narrower than the inhomogeneous linewidth of the active layer (60 meV at 300K). The directivity is also much better. The diode properties are only very slightly dependent on temperature. A similar device can also be designed to make an infrared detector whose active layer thickness is reduced with respect to conventional detectors. The detector efficiency at the resonance wavelength may be increased by a factor close to the cavity finesse. With 16.5 periods in the lower mirror and a dielectric mirror as upper mirror (seven periods of ZnS/YF3), it has been possible to make a cavity resonating at 3.06 µm whose quality factor reaches 350. By photopumping the cavity across the dielectric mirror with a YAG microlaser, a laser emission occurred at the cavity resonance. At 10K, the laser threshold is 45 kW/cm2 and the linewidth is only 1.7 meV. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the microcavity concept for designing new devices such as LED or lasers which could be the basis for new applications of CdHgTe compounds.

Published
1997

15. Mercury cadmium telluride-based resonant cavity light emitting diode

Author

Emmanuel Hadji, J.L. Pautrat, J. Bleuse, N. Magnea, Silicon Nanoelectronics Photonics and Structures (SiNaps), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), and HADJI, Emmanuel

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 02 engineering and technology, [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Laser linewidth, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Mercury cadmium telluride, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Ohmic contact, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Diode, Common emitter, 010302 applied physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, [SPI.ELEC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Distributed Bragg reflector, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.TRON] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Full width at half maximum, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, chemistry, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Light-emitting diode
Abstract

A CdHgTe resonant cavity light emitting diode (RCLED) is proposed as a new infrared emitter. The device is prepared by molecular beam epitaxy on a CdZnTe substrate. A 10.5 periods Bragg mirror is first deposited. The cavity material is made of Cd0.75Hg0.25Te and contains a wide well (50 nm) designed to emit at 3.2 µm. The last three periods of the mirror are n-type doped while the cavity material is covered by a thin p-type CdZnTe layer. A gold layer closes the cavity, serving as the second mirror of a Fabry-Perot cavity tuned around 3.18 urn. It also provides an ohmic contact to the p-region. Under forward bias, the emission spectrum displays a narrow peak (8 meV full width at half maximum) corresponding to the cavity resonance. The position and linewidth of this line are independent of temperature. The directivity of the diode is also improved with respect to a conventional emitter, in agreement with theoretical expectations. Taking advantage of the spectral properties of the RCLED a new multispectral device has been fabricated.

Published
1996

16. Phage susceptibility testing and infectious titer determination through wide-field lensless monitoring of phage plaque growth.

Author

Perlemoine P, Marcoux PR, Picard E, Hadji E, Zelsmann M, Mugnier G, Marchet A, Resch G, O'Connell L, and Lacot E

Subjects
Bacteria virology, Kinetics, Time Factors, Bacteriophages growth & development, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Lenses
Abstract

The growing number of drug-resistant bacterial infections worldwide is driving renewed interest in phage therapy. Based on the use of a personalized cocktail composed of highly specific bacterial viruses, this therapy relies on a range of tests on agar media to determine the most active phage on a given bacterial target (phage susceptibility testing), or to isolate new lytic phages from an environmental sample (enrichment of phage banks). However, these culture-based techniques are still solely interpreted through direct visual detection of plaques. The main objective of this work is to investigate computer-assisted methods in order to ease and accelerate diagnosis in phage therapy but also to study phage plaque growth kinetics. For this purpose, we designed a custom wide-field lensless imaging device, which allows continuous monitoring over a very large area sensor (3.3 cm2). Here we report bacterial susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus phage in 3 hr and estimation of infectious titer in 8 hr 20 min. These are much shorter time-to-results than the 12 to 24 hours traditionally needed, since naked eye observation and counting of phage plaques is still the most widely used technique for susceptibility testing prior to phage therapy. Moreover, the continuous monitoring of the samples enables the study of plaque growth kinetics, which enables a deeper understanding of the interaction between phage and bacteria. Finally, thanks to the 4.3 μm resolution, we detect phage-resistant bacterial microcolonies of Klebsiella pneumoniae inside the boundaries of phage plaques and thus show that our prototype is also a suitable device to track phage resistance. Lensless imaging is therefore an all-in-one method that could easily be implemented in cost-effective and compact devices in phage laboratories to help with phage therapy diagnosis., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Published
2021
Full Text
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