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Objective: Aims at the brittleness regulation of fruit and vegetable slices during hot air drying process. Methods: This article takes fresh potatoes and bananas as the research materials, adopts mechanical and acoustic measuring devices to collect mechanical and acoustic signals generated by the fruit and vegetable slice samples at the mechanical compression mode, which were collected at different drying times during the hot air drying process of 80 ℃, to comprehensively evaluate the fragility of the fruit and vegetable slices. Results: The acoustic emission （AE） signal of the potato slice appeared the drying time of 45 min, and its AE energy increased gradually with the increase of drying time. The stress increased rapidly and then remained stable; The best drying end time of potato was 180 min. At this time, the AE energy and force were 255.38 mV·ms and 20.25 N respectively. The AE signal of the banana slices appeared from the early stage of drying, and its energy increased rapidly with the progress of drying, decreased after 150 min of drying, and remained stable after 200 min. The stress appeared after drying for 60 min, increased rapidly until the peak at 240 min, and remained stable. The optimum drying end time of banana slices was 240 min, and the energy and force were 122.58 mV·ms and 18.01 N, respectively. Conclusion: The mechanical-acoustic detecting method can be used to monitor the crispness variation of the fruit and vegetable slices being dried and to optimize the hot air drying process.

An investigation of the Q and Soret band regions of the high resolution, single site fluorescence and absorption spectra of zinc and magnesium chlorin in n-octane matrixes at 7K is presented. An accurate identification of the 0-0 positions of Qy, Bx, and By bands for the two metallochlorins ZnCh and MgCH is calculated.

The ground and excited-state dipole moments of free base chlorin and cis and trans free base isobacteriochlorin are presented. This research used dielectric constant measurements of H2Ch/benzene solutions.

Yerba mate tea is known as one of the most popular nonalcoholic beverages favoured by South Americans due to its nutrition facts and medicinal properties. The processing of yerba mate tea is found to affect the properties of its final forms. This study presents an investigation into the effects of water sources on the dissolution of yerba mate extract powders. Comparisons were conducted between yerba mate teas prepared by dissolving yerba mate extract powders into tap water and deionized water. Topics to be explored in this work are the major compositions and antioxidant activities, including total phenol content, reducing power, DPPH scavenging activity, and ABTS(+)• scavenging capacity. It is indicated that there is little difference for antioxidant activities and major constituents of yerba mate teas between both water sources. However, a deeper color is seen in the tap water case, resulting from the reaction between tannic acid and ions. This research finding can be treated as a way to benefit the yerba mate tea processing for applications.

Oxidative stress, including Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-induced skin damage, is involved in numerous diseases. This study demonstrates that water extract of Eclipta prostrata L. (WEP) has a potent effect in scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide radicals, and chelating ferrous ion, exhibiting IC50 values of 0.23 mg/mL, 0.48 mg/mL, and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. The WEP total phenol content was 176.45 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g sample. Chlorogenic acid, a component of the plant's active ingredients, was determined by HPLC and antioxidative assay. However, no caffeic acid, stigmasterol, or wedelolactone was present in WEP. WEP absorbs both UVA and UVB irradiation, and furthermore, the extract shows a dose-dependent response in the protection of HaCaT human keratinocytes and mouse fibroblasts 3T3 cells against UVB-induced cytotoxicity, which may result from a synergistic effect between chlorogenic acid and other active components present in WEP.

This study investigates the effects of water solutions on the antioxidant content of green tea leaf extracts. Green teas prepared with tap water and distilled water were compared with respect to four antioxidant assays: total phenol content, reducing power, DMPD assay, and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay. The results indicate that green tea prepared with distilled water exhibits higher antioxidant activity than that made with tap water. The high performance liquid chromatography showed that major constituents of green tea were found in higher concentrations in tea made with distilled water than in that made with tap water. This could be due to less calcium fixation in leaves and small water clusters. Water solutions composed of less mineralisation are more effective in promoting the quality of green tea leaf extracts.

Aim: To investigate the prediction value of radiosensitivity of hepatocarcinoma cells for apoptosis and micronucleus assay., Methods: Clonogenic assay, flow cytometry, and CB micronuclei assay were used to survey the cell survival rate, radiation-induced apoptosis and micronucleus frequency of hepatocarcinoma cell lines SMMC-7721, HL-7702, and HepG2 after being irradiated by X-ray at the dosage ranging 0-8 Gy., Results: After irradiation, there was a dose-effect relationship between micronucleus frequency and radiation dosage among the three cell lines (P<0.05). A positive relationship was observed between apoptosis and radiation dosage among the three cell lines. The HepG2 cells had a significant correlation (P<0.05) but apoptosis incidence had a negative relationship with micronucleus frequency. There was a positive relationship between apoptosis and radiation dosage and the correlation between SMMC-7721 and HL-7702 cell lines had a significant difference (P<0.01). After irradiation, a negative relationship between cell survival rate and radiation dosages was found among the three cell lines (P<0.01). There was a positive relationship between cell survival rate and micronucleus frequency (P<0.01). No correlation was observed between apoptosis and cell survival rate., Conclusion: The radiosensitivity of hepatocarcinoma cells can be reflected by apoptosis and micronuclei. Detection of apoptosis and micronuclei could enhance the accuracy for predicting radiosensitivity.

Aim: To establish the cell survival curve for primary hepatic carcinoma cells and to study the relationship between SF(2) of primary hepatic carcinoma cells and radiosensitivity., Methods: Hepatic carcinoma cells were cultured in vitro using 39 samples of hepatic carcinoma at stages II-IV. Twenty-nine samples were cultured successfully in the fifth generation cells. After these cells were radiated with different dosages, the cell survival ratio and SF(2) were calculated by clonogenic assay and SF(2) model respectively. The relationship between SF(2) and the clinical pathological feature was analyzed., Results: Twenty-nine of thirty-nine samples were successfully cultured. After X-ray radiation of the fifth generation cells with 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 Gy, the cell survival rate was 41%, 36.5%, 31.0%, 26.8%, and 19%, respectively. There was a negative correlation between cell survival and irradiation dosage (r = -0.973, P<0.05). SF(2) ranged 0.28-0.78 and correlated with the clinical stage and pathological grade of hepatic carcinoma (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between SF(2) and D0.5 (r = 0.773, P<0.05)., Conclusion: SF(2) correlates with the clinical stage and pathological grade of hepatic carcinoma and is a marker for predicting the radiosensitivity of hepatic carcinomas.

Aim: To evaluate the change of growth characteristics and radiosensitivity of irradiated primary cultured human hepatocarcinoma cells., Methods: All tumor tissue samples were obtained from 39 hepatocarcinoma patients with a mean age of 49.6 years (range 22-76 years). We divided the samples into irradiated group and non-irradiated group and measured their plating efficiency (PE), population doubling time (PDT), radiosensitivity index SF2 and cell cycle., Results: The PDT of primary culture of hepatocarcinoma cells was 91.0+/-6.6 h, PE was 12.0+/-1.4%, SF2 was 0.41+/-0.05%. The PDT of their irradiated progeny was 124.8+/-5.8 h, PE was 5.0+/-0.7%, SF2 was 0.65+/-0.09%. The primary cultured human hepatocarcinoma cells showed significant S reduction and G(2) arrest in a dose-dependent manner. The progeny of irradiated primary cultured hepatocarcinoma cells grew more slowly and its radiosensitivity increased., Conclusion: The progeny of irradiated primary cultured human hepatocarcinoma cells grows more slowly and its radiosensitivity increases.