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Dentists are well-positioned to discuss oral health issues related to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and recommend the HPV vaccine to their patients, mainly because the HPV virus causes oropharyngeal cancers.. We assessed Los Angeles (LA) County dentists opinions on discussing HPV-related oral health issues and recommending the HPV vaccine to their patients. We tested if opinions differed between dentists whose primary patient population was only adults versus children and adults. We mailed a 19-item survey to 2000 randomly sampled LA County dentists for this cross-sectional study. The primary outcome variable was a summary opinion score of 7 opinion statements. We ran descriptive, bivariate comparisons and adjusted linear regression models. Overall, 261 dentists completed the survey. A majority (58.5%) worried they would lose patients if they recommended the vaccine; 49% thought dentists were not appropriate to educate, counsel, or advise on HPV-related issues; 42% were concerned about the safety of the vaccine; and 40% did not feel comfortable recommending the vaccine. The mean summary opinion score was 21.4 ± 5.4 for the total sample. Regression analysis showed no differences in opinions between dentists whose primary patient population was only adults versus children and adults (Coefficient = 0.146, p = 0.83). Overall, the responding dentists were not very favorable about discussing oral health-related HPV issues and recommending the HPV vaccine to their patients. Additionally, the overall opinions were similar between dentists whose primary patient population was only adults versus children and adults.

BackgroundCervical and other vaccine-preventable HPV-associated cancers disproportionately impact Hispanic/Latinos in the USA. HPV vaccine uptake may be impacted by community agreement with common HPV vaccine misperceptions. It is unknown whether Hispanics/Latinos have a greater agreement with these misperceptions relative to non-Hispanic whites.MethodsHPV vaccine misperceptions were assessed through a 12-item Likert scale included in a population health assessment mailed to households in the southwest United States. Linear regression models assessed the association between identifying as Hispanic/Latino and summed misperception score.ResultsAmong the 407 individuals in the analytic sample, 111 (27.3%) were Hispanic/Latino and 296 (72.7%) were non-Hispanic white. On average, Hispanics/Latinos had a 3.03-point higher HPV vaccine misperception sum score relative to non-Hispanic whites, indicating greater agreement with misperceptions (95% confidence interval: 1.16-4.88; p

Introduction: Cervical cancer is caused by the human papillomavirus (HV), and accounts for more than 311,000 preventable deaths annually, with 85% occurring in low-and middle-income countries. Despite being preventable through screening and screening, significant barriers to implementing HPV vaccination persist in developing nations. This review study aims to identify these barriers and propose innovative, evidence-based solutions to improve vaccination rates and reduce cervical cancer mortality. Methods: A systematic review search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews. Keywords related to HPV vaccination barriers and implementation strategies in developing countries were used. Relevant demonstration projects, pilot studies, and evidence-based research articles were reviewed. Results: Identifiable barriers to a successful vaccine implementation program in a developing country include vaccine costs, societal, cultural resistance, misinformation, logistical challenges in vaccine delivery, and inadequate human resources. Solutions to these barriers include a subsidized vaccine pricing, community sensitization, education and well-trained media professionals to dispel misinformation, and partnerships with both public and private sector for efficient vaccine distribution. Discussion: These findings highlight critical barriers that impede HPV vaccination efforts in developing countries and offers practical solutions to overcome these challenges. This aggregate of data can help inform future developing countries' implementation programs to further the World Health Assembly mission to vaccinate 90% of eligible girls globally by 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer, and HPV vaccination is highly effective in preventing vaccine-targeted HPV infection. However, low HPV vaccination coverage in Kisumu County, Kenya, at about 10% for the first dose, highlights the critical issue of vaccine hesitancy, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Methods: This study explores the concerns, myths and barriers to HPV vaccine uptake among adolescent girls (aged 10-14) enrolled at human immune-deficiency virus comprehensive care clinics and their parents in Kisumu County. Focused group discussions were conducted with 48 participants. Results: Content analysis revealed limited knowledge about the HPV vaccine and widespread misconceptions regarding its safety and efficacy. Financial constraints, injection fears and negative clinic experiences emerged as additional barriers. Conclusion: The findings emphasise the role of effective communication strategies, including engaging parents through written materials and involving them in decision-making, to dispel myths, provide accurate information and encourage HPV vaccination. Collaborative efforts with community stakeholders are crucial to improve vaccine coverage and ultimately reduce the cervical cancer burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection significantly contributes to the global cancer burden. Understanding the factors influencing male clinical interns' willingness to promote HPV vaccination is crucial for developing effective public health strategies in China. Methods: This study employed a stratified random sampling method to select 1,980 male clinical interns from five provinces in China between January and March 2024. Data were collected on participants' demographic characteristics, HPV-related clinical experience, and knowledge. The Theory of Planned Behavior framework, encompassing attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, was used to examine factors influencing the willingness to promote the HPV vaccine. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with the willingness to promote the HPV vaccine. Results: Among the respondents, 72.29% were willing to encourage others to receive the HPV vaccine. Significant factors influencing this willingness included older age (OR = 3.065, P ≤ 0.001), higher monthly household income (OR = 1.449, P = 0.025), participation in the diagnosis and treatment of HPV-related diseases (OR = 3.458, P ≤ 0.001), positive attitude towards the vaccine (OR = 13.503, P = 0.004), and strong perceived behavioral control (OR = 2.364, P = 0.006). Conclusion: This study highlights the critical role of practical experience and targeted education in promoting HPV vaccination among male clinical interns in China. Enhancing the training and education of this group is essential for improving HPV vaccine advocacy and supporting public health efforts to reduce HPV-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The current vaccine strategies to prevent cervical cancer are effective only for individuals unexposed to HPV, lacking therapeutic effects against pre-existing infections. Multiepitope vaccines, using an immunoinformatic approach, are promising against tumors and viral infections because of their high specificity, safety, and stability, as well as the cheap cost of development. Methods: This study employed computer-based immunoinformatic analysis to design therapeutic multiepitope vaccines against cervical cancer using oncoproteins E6 and E7 of HPV 16 and 18. Several immunoinformatic tools were applied to analyze potential vaccine constructs capable of stimulating immune responses against both oncoproteins. Results: The constructed vaccine exhibited antigenic, immunogenic, nonallergenic, nontoxic, stable, and soluble characteristics. Additionally, it effectively interacted with TLR2 and TLR4, showing high binding capacity. Computational analysis indicated the vaccine could induce immune responses through the elevation of cytokine levels after the third injection, antibody production, activation of memory B and T cells, and promotion of increased dendritic cell counts. Conclusion: The novel multiepitope vaccine based on E6 and E7 presented as a promising candidate for combating HPV infections and associated cervical cancer. Further in vitro and in vivo studies were essential to validate the efficacy and safety of the vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precise vaccination data is essential to accurately estimate the effectiveness of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine against HPV‐related cancers. In Japan, the number of subsidized HPV vaccinations can be tracked through registries, but the number of self‐funded vaccinations has not been tracked. The number of individuals who chose to receive the vaccine at their own expense, despite being ineligible for public subsidies due to their age, is unknown and has been nominally considered to be zero. Our aim is to produce a more accurate estimate of this number using recently released proprietary data. First, we estimated the total number of self‐funded HPV vaccinations occurring from 2010 to 2012 using public data from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and our previously reported data on the number of HPV vaccinations eligible for public subsidy. Second, using proprietary data from the vaccine manufacturer, we calculated the distribution of self‐funded vaccination shots by age. Finally, we combined these data to estimate the number of self‐funded HPV vaccinations by birth fiscal year (FY) relative to a yearly reference population. We found that 78,264 individuals born in FY1993 and 58,190 born in FY1992 self‐funded their vaccinations, representing 13.6% and 10.0% of the reference population, respectively. Additionally, we found that 5%–10% of individuals born from FY1986 to FY1991 self‐funded their vaccinations. Our study revealed for the first time that a certain number of individuals from the "HPV unvaccinated generation," ineligible for subsidies due to age restrictions, chose to self‐fund their vaccinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In 2020, the WHO proposed the global strategic goal of accelerating the elimination of cervical cancer (CC). One of the key strategies is that, by 2030, 90% of girls will complete HPV vaccination by age 15. In 2017, HPV vaccines were first marketed in China. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the changes in parents' knowledge about CC, HPV, HPV vaccines, and acceptance of HPV vaccination 5 years after the introduction of HPV vaccines into China. Associated factors and reasons for refusal by parents were also explored. Methods: A school-based follow-up study was conducted among parents in China from May 2018 to May 2023. Comparison using Chi-square tests was performed to measure the changes. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore factors associated with HPV vaccination among teenage girls. Results: The overall cognitive level in terms of CC- and HPV-related knowledge among parents increased, and they expressed more willingness to vaccinate their daughter (35.4% in 2018 vs. 56.6% in 2023). The HPV vaccination rate among teenage girls remained at a low level (4.4% in 2018, 9.8% in 2023). The main obstacles reported by parents were limited knowledge (42.0%), scarcity of the HPV vaccine (29.2%), waiting until their daughter was older (27.5%), safety concerns (14.7%), high cost (9.0%), and effectiveness concerns (4.6%). Parents who are elderly, local residents, have received HPV vaccines themselves, have had experience of vaccinating their children with influenza vaccines, and have a higher knowledge level of CC, HPV and HPV vaccines are more likely to vaccinate their children with HPV vaccines. Conclusions: Although we observed an increment in parents' knowledge level in terms of CC, HPV, HPV vaccines, and HPV vaccine uptake over the past 5 years, the HPV vaccine coverage among girls still falls short of the WHO's 2030 target. Comprehensive intervention strategies, including tailored health education among adolescents and their parents, doctor recommendations, and providing financial subsidies or free HPV vaccines are needed in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite widespread availability of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines and recommendations for routine use, awareness and uptake of HPV vaccination are not universal. We assessed self-reported history of HPV vaccination in a sample of low-income men and women recruited from the community using respondent-driven sampling as part of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) survey in San Francisco. Of the 384 respondents, a minority (12.5%) reported they had received the HPV vaccine. In multivariate analysis, independent associations with HPV vaccination history were female sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.73, 8.17]), younger age (AOR = 0.89 per year, 95% CI = [0.86, 0.92]), and education above high school (AOR = 2.84, 95% CI = [1.37, 5.90]). Missed opportunities for HPV vaccination were evident in 84.4% of respondents having visited a health care provider in the last year, including 40.1% tested for a sexually transmitted infection, and entry into higher education programs (33.4%).

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection significantly contributes to the global cancer burden. Understanding the factors influencing male clinical interns’ willingness to promote HPV vaccination is crucial for developing effective public health strategies in China. Methods This study employed a stratified random sampling method to select 1,980 male clinical interns from five provinces in China between January and March 2024. Data were collected on participants’ demographic characteristics, HPV-related clinical experience, and knowledge. The Theory of Planned Behavior framework, encompassing attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, was used to examine factors influencing the willingness to promote the HPV vaccine. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with the willingness to promote the HPV vaccine. Results Among the respondents, 72.29% were willing to encourage others to receive the HPV vaccine. Significant factors influencing this willingness included older age (OR = 3.065, P ≤ 0.001), higher monthly household income (OR = 1.449, P = 0.025), participation in the diagnosis and treatment of HPV-related diseases (OR = 3.458, P ≤ 0.001), positive attitude towards the vaccine (OR = 13.503, P = 0.004), and strong perceived behavioral control (OR = 2.364, P = 0.006). Conclusion This study highlights the critical role of practical experience and targeted education in promoting HPV vaccination among male clinical interns in China. Enhancing the training and education of this group is essential for improving HPV vaccine advocacy and supporting public health efforts to reduce HPV-related diseases.

The burden of cervical cancer is disproportionately distributed globally, with the vast majority of cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (WWH) are at increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer as compared to HIV-negative individuals. HPV vaccination remains a priority in regions with a high burden of cervical cancer and high HIV prevalence. With HPV vaccines becoming more accessible, optimal use beyond the initial World Health Organization-recommended target population of 9 to 14-year-old girls is an important question. In March 2022, a group of experts in epidemiology, immunology, and vaccinology convened to discuss the state-of-the-science of HPV vaccination in WWH. This report summarizes the proceedings: review of HIV epidemiology and its intersection with cervical cancer burden, immunology, HPV vaccination including reduced-dose schedules and experience with other vaccines in people with HIV (PWH), HPV vaccination strategies and knowledge gaps, and outstanding research questions. Studies of HPV vaccine effectiveness among WWH, including duration of protection, are limited. Until data from ongoing research is available, the current recommendation for WWH remains for a multi-dose HPV vaccination regimen. A focus of the discussion included the potential impact of HIV acquisition following HPV vaccination. With no data currently existing for HPV vaccines and limited information from non-HPV vaccines, this question requires further research. Implementation research on optimal HPV vaccine delivery approaches for WWH and other priority populations is also urgently needed.

Abstract Background Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is a significant public health concern in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, being widely prevalent and the main risk factor for cervical cancer. We aimed to assess knowledge and perception towards HPV, acceptability of the HPV vaccine, and HPV vaccination rates among university students in Education City, Doha, Qatar. Methods This cross-sectional survey utilized proportional quota-sampling, with quotas based on university, sex, and nationality, to recruit students from seven universities between February and September 2022. The English language questionnaire requested socio-demographic information, knowledge, and attitudes about HPV infection and the vaccine. The chi-square test, Student t-test, Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests and multivariable ordinal logistic regression were used to assess differences in proportion, mean, and median according to broad HPV knowledge categories. Results Three hundred and ninety-eight students were recruited (response rate = 82.3%), of whom 251 (63.1%) were female. Mean age was 21.7 years. Eighty-nine (22.4%, 95% CI 18.4–26.8%) students had poor knowledge about HPV, 220 (55.3%, 95% CI 50.2–60.2%) students had some awareness, and 89 (22.4%, 95% CI 18.4–26.8%) students were knowledgeable. Age, nationality, and field of study influenced the students’ knowledge about HPV. Only 25 (6.3%) students had previously been vaccinated against HPV. However, 71% of the unvaccinated students reported being willing to get vaccinated if recommended by their healthcare provider. Conclusions Overall, 77.7% of the student population had some-to-good levels of knowledge about HPV-related infection, cancer, and vaccination. There are gaps in the student population’s understanding and knowledge about HPV. Increasing knowledge can be key toward shared decision-making for HPV vaccination among eligible populations. Targeted public health campaigns and integration into childhood vaccination programs should be critical first steps, especially as most of the surveyed students had a positive outlook on getting vaccinated. Healthcare professionals should be incentivized to increase their HPV knowledge and communication skills, while policymakers can work toward easing barriers in integrating HPV vaccinations in the immunization schedule and encouraging overall HPV vaccination uptake.

Abstract Background The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices issued a shared clinical decision-making (SCDM) recommendation for HPV vaccination in persons aged 27–45. Since expanded eligibility for the vaccine was issued, little information has been available about HPV vaccine behaviors and intentions among women in this age group. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional online survey among women aged 27–45 years recruited through a Qualtrics™ respondent panel (N = 324) to answer the following questions (1) What is the prevalence of HPV vaccination among a diverse sample of adult women aged 27–45 years? (2) What are the characteristics of those who have or have not previously been vaccinated? and (3) What factors are associated with the intention to obtain the HPV vaccine among those who had never been vaccinated? Multivariable logistic regression analyses estimated adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results Only 31.1% had at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. In multivariable analyses, those more likely to have been vaccinated were younger and were more likely to believe that the vaccine was effective. Of those unvaccinated or unsure, 54.8% indicated they were likely to get vaccinated in the future. Factors associated with future vaccine intention (compared to those not intending) included beliefs about vaccine testing, perceived likelihood of HPV infection, greater comfort in asking one’s provider for vaccination, and prior negative healthcare experiences. Conclusions Our findings suggest that many women in this age group are interested in HPV vaccination. While the recommendation is for SCDM rather than routine vaccination for all women in this age group, efforts to promote informed decision-making among mid-adult women may include educating women about the rigorous vaccine testing and approval process, their risk factors for HPV infection, and encouraging them to engage in SCDM with their medical providers. Targeted efforts to reach women who have had negative experiences with healthcare may also be needed.

Abstract Objective To analyse the influencing factors of vaccine hesitancy on HPV vaccination willingness of female college students in order to promote the promotion of HPV vaccine in female college student population. Methods From September-October 2022, a convenience sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among freshman female students from four higher vocational colleges in Henan Province, China. The survey comprised a general information questionnaire, as well as inquiries regarding vaccine hesitancy and willingness to receive the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. In PSM analyses, vaccine-hesitant students were matched with non-vaccine-hesitant students at a 1:1 ratio; subsequently, both univariate and multivariatble logistic regression analyses were applied to assess the impact of vaccine hesitancy on female university students’ willingness to receive the HPV vaccine. Results The results revealed a vaccine hesitancy rate of 44.75% among female university students, with 82.9% expressing willingness to receive the HPV vaccine. The results of the multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis indicated vaccine hesitancy is a risk factor for HPV vaccination intentions among female university students [OR = 4.38, 95% CI (2.74, 6.99), P

Abstract Background The current study analyzed articles shared on Facebook between 2019 and 2021 that discuss the HPV vaccine. Results address a gap in knowledge about the persuasive strategies used in HPV vaccine discourse on Facebook. Methods Using Buzzsumo.com, we collected 138 articles, shared on Facebook between 2019 and 2021, with the highest “engagement scores,” or total number of reactions, comments, and shares. Using a content analysis methodology, three independent coders were trained in using the study codebook, achieved acceptable inter-rater reliability (Krippendorf’s alpha = 0.811), and coded each article in Atlas.ti. Results Seventy-two articles had a positive valence toward the HPV vaccine, 48 had a negative valence, and 18 were mixed-valence or neutral. Pro-vaccine articles presented a variety of evidence types in support of benefits of HPV vaccination. Pro-vaccine articles primarily originated from national and local news sources. Anti-vaccine articles combined presentation of evidence with persuasive arguments and strategies, such as mistrust of institutions, fear appeals, ideological appeals, presenting a high number of arguments or detail, and minimizing the severity of HPV. Three sources were responsible for producing 62.5% of all anti-vaccine articles in the dataset. Mixed-valence or neutral articles mixed cancer prevention discourse with ideological appeals about protecting parental rights, and were mostly produced by local news outlets. Conclusion The results of this study can help health communicators anticipate the types of discourses that vaccine-hesitant parents may have encountered online. Implications and suggestions for practice are discussed.

Background: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is a significant public health concern in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, being widely prevalent and the main risk factor for cervical cancer. We aimed to assess knowledge and perception towards HPV, acceptability of the HPV vaccine, and HPV vaccination rates among university students in Education City, Doha, Qatar. Methods: This cross-sectional survey utilized proportional quota-sampling, with quotas based on university, sex, and nationality, to recruit students from seven universities between February and September 2022. The English language questionnaire requested socio-demographic information, knowledge, and attitudes about HPV infection and the vaccine. The chi-square test, Student t-test, Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests and multivariable ordinal logistic regression were used to assess differences in proportion, mean, and median according to broad HPV knowledge categories. Results: Three hundred and ninety-eight students were recruited (response rate = 82.3%), of whom 251 (63.1%) were female. Mean age was 21.7 years. Eighty-nine (22.4%, 95% CI 18.4–26.8%) students had poor knowledge about HPV, 220 (55.3%, 95% CI 50.2–60.2%) students had some awareness, and 89 (22.4%, 95% CI 18.4–26.8%) students were knowledgeable. Age, nationality, and field of study influenced the students' knowledge about HPV. Only 25 (6.3%) students had previously been vaccinated against HPV. However, 71% of the unvaccinated students reported being willing to get vaccinated if recommended by their healthcare provider. Conclusions: Overall, 77.7% of the student population had some-to-good levels of knowledge about HPV-related infection, cancer, and vaccination. There are gaps in the student population's understanding and knowledge about HPV. Increasing knowledge can be key toward shared decision-making for HPV vaccination among eligible populations. Targeted public health campaigns and integration into childhood vaccination programs should be critical first steps, especially as most of the surveyed students had a positive outlook on getting vaccinated. Healthcare professionals should be incentivized to increase their HPV knowledge and communication skills, while policymakers can work toward easing barriers in integrating HPV vaccinations in the immunization schedule and encouraging overall HPV vaccination uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Playful immunization promotion helps to approach persuasive efforts and raise vaccine acceptance. However, playful promotion in the field of HPV immunization has not been explored. (2) Methods: To address this gap, we analyzed data gleaned from 73 short videos posted by state media and from semi-structured interviews with 37 Chinese stakeholders using thematic analysis. (3) Results: The analysis revealed that state media promoted HPV immunization using celebrity endorsement, anthropomorphism techniques and entertainment performance strategies. Additionally, state media engaged in circle mobilization and livestreamed on Douyin to reach wider audiences. Although playful strategies increased the popularity of HPV vaccine promotion, insufficient multi-stakeholder partnerships and homogeneous message delivery decreased the efficiency of HPV immunization promotion campaigns. (4) Conclusions: The strengthening of multi-stakeholder partnerships and the optimization of the public service provision of HPV vaccination are expected. Our research will not only deepen the global audience's understanding of Chinese immunization promotion campaigns, but also offer insights for implementing future global health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To characterize the impact of prophylactic vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) on infertile male patients with HPV semen infection. Methods: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. First, an electronic search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases from 2018 to 2023 using specific keywords was conducted. Thereafter, three authors independently screened the articles and removed duplicates. Following the acquisition of the papers, a quality analysis was conducted using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Criteria. Results: A total of 41 pregnancies were reported out of which 15.3 % were in control group and 38.9 % were in the vaccinated group (p < 0.05). The clearance of HPV DNA correlated significantly with a serum HPV antibody titer of ≥ 1:125 at initial examination. Compared with individuals who tested negative for HPV, those who became seropositive at 12 (p = 0.039), 18 (p = 0.034) and 24 months (p = 0.034) had fewer multiple infections and a lower incidence of HPV infection in semen. Conclusion: Examination of the association between male fertility and HPV reveals a clear correlation between HPV infection and male infertility, specifically asthenospermia and oligoasthenospermia. Further studies are needed to fully understand the benefits of this approach in managing male infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Cervical cancer global burden is highly skewed towards poor countries primarily due to lack of awareness, poor screening, and low uptake of prophylactic vaccines. The purpose of our study is to educate and raise awareness among young girls and women about the importance of cervical screening and HPV vaccination. Materials and Methods: The present study, conducted from January 2023 to December 2023, focused on students, teachers, housewives, and healthcare professionals in the Jammu region to assess their awareness of cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine. HPV DNA testing was carried out using the Truenat Real-Time PCR method at Swastik Diagnostic Laboratory, Jammu. Results: Knowledge of cervical cancer, awareness of the HPV virus, and the vaccination status of women were assessed in survey. In the HPV screening test, out of 2,400 women, 106 tested positive for HPV. Among these 106 women, 19% had a high viral load (Ct < 20), 11% had a low viral load (25 = Ct < 30), indicating a low relative concentration of HPV viruses, 40% had a medium viral load (20 = Ct < 25), and 30% had very low viral loads (Ct = 30). Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of routine cervical screenings, such as Pap smears and HPV tests, for the early detection of cervical cancer. There is an urgent need to implement cervical cancer screening and vaccination programs in the Jammu region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School vaccination programs are crucial for achieving high immunisation coverage among adolescents, but substantial disparities exist across schools and regions. This ecological study aimed to determine associations between school characteristics and vaccination coverage for diphtheria–tetanus–acellular pertussis (dTpa) and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines among year 7 students in southeastern Sydney. An analysis of data from 70 mainstream schools participating in the 2019 South Eastern Sydney Local Health District School Vaccination Program utilised quasi-Poisson regression models to assess associations between vaccination coverage and school attendance, socio-educational status, Aboriginal enrolments, language background other than English (LBOTE), school sector (government, Catholic, or independent), and coeducation status. Median school coverage was 88% for dTpa, 88% for HPV—girls, and 86% for HPV—boys, with interquartile ranges of 82–93%, 84–92%, and 78–91%, respectively. Higher school attendance was associated with increased dTpa vaccination coverage (PR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.27). Single-sex schools showed higher HPV vaccination coverage compared to coeducational schools for both girls (PR 2.24, 95% CI 2.04–2.46) and boys (PR 1.89, 95% CI 1.72–2.08). No significant associations were found for ICSEA, Aboriginal enrolments, LBOTE, or school sector. School attendance and coeducational status significantly influenced vaccination coverage, with differential impacts on dTpa and HPV vaccines. These findings highlight the need for targeted strategies to address disparities in school-based vaccination programs. Research using qualitative methods could be useful to understand the beliefs and attitudes contributing to these disparities in vaccine uptake so that programs can be tailored to maximise participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of cancer in women has varied effects. Overall malignancies of the breast, cervix, and ovary account for over 43% of all cancer cases in India. Globally, cervical cancer is fourth cancer in terms of incidence among women, following breast, lung, and colorectal cancer. However, this illness primarily affects women in India, where it is the second most frequent malignancy after breast cancer. HPV-related cervical cancer is a serious public health issue that has a solution. In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched a global initiative to eliminate cervical cancer which set targets for three important strategies: HPV vaccination, cervical cancer screening, and treatment. The WHO's "Best Buys" recommendations for cancer sub-set place vaccination of females between the ages of 9 and 14 at the top of the list. In India, efforts are underway to increase the number of teenage girls receiving the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. The nation granted licenses for bivalent and quadrivalent HPV vaccinations in 2008, and in 2018, a nonavalent vaccine was approved. It is important to keep in mind that the cervical carcinoma vaccination is not a quick fix; thus, screening for the disease should continue. Any nation can potentially significantly lower the incidence of cervical cancer by carefully combining economical, high-coverage vaccinations with well-organized screening programs. Since 9–14 years is the ideal age range before sexual debut in today's world, this is the key vaccine age range. Estimates of vaccine effectiveness for younger adolescents, those between the ages of 9 and 14 years, varied from roughly 74 to 93%. Let us envision an India of the future where girls grow up with one fewer cancer threatening their life and a place where cervical cancer has been eradicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Literature suggests that there is poor awareness and uptake of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in India. The role of cancer patients as potent advocates for HPV vaccine in their community is vital due to their first-hand experience with the turmoil that accompanies cancer. Hence, we have developed a study tool to measure the psychometric constructs "Awareness" of HPV vaccine among cancer patients and "Intention" to recommend the vaccine. Methods: The theoretical concepts of the Health Belief Model were applied, feedback from oncologists at Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute and public health experts at Indian Institute of Public Health to develop the study tool. A 24 items study tool was finalized following pre-testing and content validation. A sample size of 5:1 (participant:item) was considered adequate to conduct exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The pilot study tool was administered for validation to 150 cancer patients visiting the hospital during June–July 2023. The data were analysed using Jamovi (Version2.3). Results: The McDonald's omega was 0.8, which indicates good internal consistency of the data. EFA using parallel analysis with maximum likelihood extraction method and Promax oblique rotation with factor loadings above 0.4 revealed a 3-factor solution with 21 items. Factors were named "Capability", "Awareness" and "Risk perception" respectively. The correlation between "Awareness" and "Risk Perception" was 0.28; between "Capability" and "Risk perception" 0.47. "Awareness" and "Capability" had a weak negative correlation(-0.02). Conclusions: The study tool could effectively measure individual constructs of awareness and intention. Notably, our findings indicate a weak correlation between awareness and one component of intention (capability), within this population. This aspect, rigorously measured and validated by our study tool, holds significance as it implies that despite a low level of awareness in this population, they may still be considered as potentially influential advocates for the HPV vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate knowledge about HPV and its vaccine, additionally, to examine the effect of knowledge about HPV and its vaccine on perceived benefits and barriers to HPV vaccination among individuals in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed in the western region of Saudi Arabia through a self-administered web-based survey. The survey assessed knowledge, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers to HPV vaccination. Results: A total of 1149 eligible participants completed the survey. Participants exhibited limited knowledge of HPV and its vaccine, with an average total score of 4.76 out of 15. Over 80% of participants were unaware that HPV may not show symptoms, cannot lead to HIV, and is not treatable with antibiotics. Over half were unaware that HPV can cause cervical cancer, oral cancer, or genital warts. Unmarried and graduate-educated participants demonstrated greater knowledge. Perceived benefits were positively associated with knowledge levels, while perceived barriers were negatively associated with knowledge levels after controlling for other variables. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for education and healthcare efforts to raise knowledge about HPV and its vaccine in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Also, this study indicated that enhanced knowledge boosts positive attitudes towards HPV vaccination, while reducing perceived barriers, thereby increasing vaccination rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: This case details adult‐onset Still's disease (AOSD) onset post‐human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and acute gastroenteritis. The timing of HPV vaccine and vaccine‐autoimmune disease literature may potentially confound the well‐established link between infections and AOSD onset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccination, uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination remains low worldwide. We aimed to analyze the coverage of HPV immunization during the first year of the immunization program and the sociodemographic characteristics across different administrative units in Serbia and Montenegro. Coverage of HPV vaccination in Serbia for females aged 9–14 and 15–19 years was 5.5% and 5.9%, respectively. The coverage rate of immunization against HPV in Montenegro for girls aged 9–14 years was 22.1%. Within Serbia, only one administrative region (Moravica) had HPV immunization coverage in girls 9–19 years old above 10%, 11 districts had coverage from 5 to 10%, while 13 districts had coverage below 5%. As per Montenegro, two administrative units, Cetinje and Berane, reported the highest coverage, with 39% and 36.4% of vaccinated eligible girls, respectively. When we explored the coverage of HPV immunization among girls aged 9–19 years across different regions in Serbia, we observed that the level of coverage did not correlate with the number of pediatricians or with the population density. In Montenegro, we observed a similar situation. On the other hand, we noticed a statistically significant moderate negative correlation (r = −0.446; p = 0.026) between HPV immunization coverage and the percentage of illiterate women in the administrative units. Comparing the coverage between the two countries we found that the higher coverage in Montenegro corresponded with a smaller number of female populations aged 9–14 years, with higher average net monthly income, with smaller population density and smaller number of pediatricians, among divorced persons, and among those without formal education or incompletely primary education. Taking into account the experiences in Montenegro, increasing immunization coverage in Serbia could be achieved through a more vigorous educational campaign targeting schools, the general population, and healthcare workers as well as by additionally incentivizing those engaged in these activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the implementation of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine school-entry requirement in Puerto Rico during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted 26 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders and community-based organizations from August 2021 to March 2022. The interview guide was developed using the 2009 Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The interviews were recorded and transcribed in Spanish. Data were analyzed using applied thematic techniques. These themes included the following: (i) Intervention characteristics: Participants noted that the school-entry requirement was effective in increasing vaccination uptake prior to the pandemic. Issues with the immunization registry were noted; (ii) Outer setting: External influences, access barriers, and an increase in HPV vaccine exemptions since the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccine were discussed; (iii) Inner setting: Communication within organizations and HPV vaccination efforts improved as the pandemic progressed; (iv) Characteristics of individuals: Most agreed with the school-entry requirement, including exemptions; and (v) Process: Results showed the need to reinforce the population's education about HPV and the vaccine. Implementation of the policy was challenging during the early stages of the pandemic due to measures enacted to stop the spread of COVID-19 and focus on the COVID-19 vaccine. Efforts to increase HPV vaccine should focus on increasing HPV vaccine education and creating collaborations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Japan has a particularly critical situation surrounding its collapsed HPV vaccination program for preventing HPV‐caused cervical cancers, a problem exacerbated by the lack of a national immunization database. We have determined the year‐to‐year HPV vaccination uptake by Japanese females and analyzed by birth fiscal year (FY) the monthly number of people receiving initial HPV vaccination. Our analysis covers the period from the start of public subsidies in 2010 to September 2023, using data provided by local governments. We calculated the cumulative number of monthly immunizations for those unimmunized as of April (the beginning of each vaccination year). The monthly number of initial HPV vaccinations was highest in August for every FY from FY 2010 to FY 2023; a second vaccination peak tended to occur in March when the vaccination year ended. The highest number of August vaccinations occurred in FY 2011, followed (in order) by 2012, 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2013. In Japan's ongoing catch‐up vaccination program for young women, the monthly number of vaccinations increased in August 2022 but then slowed the following year. After FY 2021, the cumulative vaccination coverage of subjects unvaccinated at the beginning of the vaccination year but subsequently covered by routine immunizations was slightly improved. FY 2021 was when the governmental recommendations for HPV vaccination were resumed. More recent vaccination rates are considerably lower than those in FY 2011–2012 when vaccinations were first fully endorsed. Paralyzing HPV vaccination hesitancy, which began in FY 2013, will linger in Japan in FY 2024. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HPV is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection in the U.S., with more than 80% of all Americans contracting it by age 45. Effective vaccines for HPV exist and were recently approved for adults aged 27–45 years, though uptake remains low in all age groups, particularly in Tennessee where 1089 cancers were attributed to HPV in 2020. Between 29 June and 17 August 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional survey to gain insights about the barriers and facilitators of HPV in 2011 adults aged 18 to 45 years in Tennessee. We developed our survey based on previous instruments to understand predictors of HPV vaccination in adults. Using descriptive statistics and bivariate and logistic regression analyses, we found higher vaccination rates in females, participants aged 18–38 years, participants with a high school education or higher, Hispanic or Latine individuals, and participants identifying as moderate or liberal. These insights highlight the need for public health interventions that consider demographic differences to successfully increase vaccination rates and reduce HPV-associated cancer risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The current study analyzed articles shared on Facebook between 2019 and 2021 that discuss the HPV vaccine. Results address a gap in knowledge about the persuasive strategies used in HPV vaccine discourse on Facebook. Methods: Using Buzzsumo.com, we collected 138 articles, shared on Facebook between 2019 and 2021, with the highest "engagement scores," or total number of reactions, comments, and shares. Using a content analysis methodology, three independent coders were trained in using the study codebook, achieved acceptable inter-rater reliability (Krippendorf's alpha = 0.811), and coded each article in Atlas.ti. Results: Seventy-two articles had a positive valence toward the HPV vaccine, 48 had a negative valence, and 18 were mixed-valence or neutral. Pro-vaccine articles presented a variety of evidence types in support of benefits of HPV vaccination. Pro-vaccine articles primarily originated from national and local news sources. Anti-vaccine articles combined presentation of evidence with persuasive arguments and strategies, such as mistrust of institutions, fear appeals, ideological appeals, presenting a high number of arguments or detail, and minimizing the severity of HPV. Three sources were responsible for producing 62.5% of all anti-vaccine articles in the dataset. Mixed-valence or neutral articles mixed cancer prevention discourse with ideological appeals about protecting parental rights, and were mostly produced by local news outlets. Conclusion: The results of this study can help health communicators anticipate the types of discourses that vaccine-hesitant parents may have encountered online. Implications and suggestions for practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer, along with other sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) conditions, poses a significant burden in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Despite the availability of effective preventive methods such as vaccinations, particularly against the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), awareness about such preventive methods and HPV vaccination remains alarmingly low in the KSA, even with governmental effort and support. While many women are aware of the risks, the uptake of the HPV vaccine remains below 10% (7.6%) at the country level. This highlights the urgent need for Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) at the community level to raise awareness, dispel misconceptions, and empower women to embrace vaccinations. Additionally, there is a need to revitalize the cancer registry system to better track and monitor cervical cancer cases. This short communication aims to map these barriers while identifying opportunities for impactful research. Drawing from the scientific literature, government reports, and expert insights, we highlight the challenges surrounding the tackling of HPV. By exploring diverse sources of knowledge, this paper not only highlights current obstacles but also proposes actionable solutions for future interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The menace of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among low- and middle-income countries with no access to a free HPV vaccine is a public health concern. HPV is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Nigeria, while the most known types of HPV genotypes being transmitted are the high-risk HPV-16 and 18 genotypes. In this study, we explored the predictors of self-reported HPV infections and HPV genital warts infection among a population of students, non-academic staff, and academic staff of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida (IBB) University located in Lapai, Nigeria. We also assessed their knowledge about HPV infections and genotypes, and sexual behaviors. An online cross-sectional study was conducted by setting up a structured questionnaire on Google Forms and it was distributed to the university community via Facebook and other social media platforms of the university. The form captured questions on HPV infection, and knowledge about HPV infection and genotypes, as well as the sexual health of the participants. All variables were described using frequencies and percentage distribution; chi-squared test statistics were used to explore the association between HPV infection (medical records of HPV infection) and the participants' profile, and a logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors associated with HPV genital warts infection among the population. This study reveals those participants between the ages of 26–40 years (81.3%) and those currently not in a sexually active relationship—single/divorced (26.4%)—who have self-reported having the HPV-16 and -18 genotypes. Moreover, participants between 26–40 years of age (OR: 0.45, 95%CI: 0.22–0.89) reported themselves to be carriers of HPV genital warts. Therefore, this study reveals the factors associated with HPV infection and genital warts peculiar to IBB university students and staff. Hence, we suggest the need for HPV awareness programs and free HPV vaccine availability at IBB university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections that continue to exist are the main cause of cervical cancer (CC), two‐thirds of CC occurrences worldwide are caused by HPV 16 and HPV 18, and 99.7% of CC tumors are linked to oncogenic HPV infection. To identify challenges of CC and its prevention and treatment modalities. Methods: This review examined the epidemiology, predisposing factors, genetic factors, clinical assessment methods, current treatment options, and prevention approaches for CC. We had perform a narrative data synthesis rather than a pooled analysis. A thorough literature search in pertinent databases related to CC was done with the inclusion of data that were published in the English language. Results: Early detection of CC is of utmost importance to detect precancerous lesions at an early stage. Therefore, all responsible agencies concerned with health should make all women aware of the benefits of CC screening and educate the general public. HPV vaccination coverage is very low in resource‐limited settings. Conclusion: To achieve the goal of eliminating CC as a public health problem in 2030, the World Health Organization will pay special attention to increasing HPV vaccination coverage throughout the world. To further improve HPV vaccine acceptability among parents and their children, safety‐related aspects of the HPV vaccine should be further investigated through post‐marketing surveillance and multicentre randomized clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During acute respiratory infections, women may concurrently receive human papillomavirus (HPV) and respiratory vaccines, as observed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in China. However, few studies have assessed the safety of such concurrent administration, which could impact HPV vaccination schedules. This study analyzes the safety and optimal sequence of concurrent HPV and COVID-19 vaccinations. For this purpose, we surveyed women with both vaccines from January to October 2023 in Fujian Province, China. During this process, we collected vaccination history and adverse event (AE) data via telephone or interviews. Participants were grouped as Before, Concurrent, or After based on their vaccination sequence. A Chi-squared test, exact Fisher tests, and logistic regression were used to analyze the incidence of AEs and factors influencing vaccine safety. Overall, 1416 eligible participants were included. Although overall AE risk with the HPV vaccine was unaffected by vaccination sequence, individual AEs varied statistically between groups, including pain at the vaccination site (p < 0.001) and prolonged menstruation duration (p = 0.003). Based on the results, the optimal sequence would be to receive the HPV vaccine after the COVID-19 vaccine (After group). This insight may guide future emergency vaccination sequences for HPV and other respiratory infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated malignancies account for ~5% of human cancers worldwide. Thirteen, or more, HPV types are oncogenic, but infection with these viruses is common and usually cleared within 2 years. Only infections that become persistent are associated with the development of cancer, often occurring several decades later. These cancers mostly arise in 6 different anatomical regions: 5 are anogenital (anus, cervix, penis, vagina, and vulva) and the sixth is the oropharynx. Oncogenic HPVs promote cellular proliferation and genomic instability, but the anatomical niche of the target tissue also plays an important role in the development of cancer. Cells that reside in transitional regions between different types of epithelia, such as in the anus, cervix, and oropharynx, are particularly vulnerable to oncogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionCervical cancer is a highly prevalent disease among women worldwide. However, the advent of a vaccine against HPV, the main cause of the disease, has prevented its spread. The acceptability of the HPV vaccine to different sectors of the Saudi community has yet to be clarified. Since parents and teachers are major influencers in the decision-making process of vaccination for HPV, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of teachers and parents toward cervical cancer, HPV, and the HPV vaccine, and unraveled the factors that would influence recommending the vaccine.MethodsA cross sectional study was done among 927 individuals (373 teachers and 356 parents). A newly developed validated questionnaire was used to collect data on knowledge, attitude, and factors influencing cervical cancer, HPV, HPV vaccine. The relationship between different factors with knowledge and attitude were assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsOf the study participants, 94% were females, with a median (Interquartile range) age of 38(31–44) years, 12.2% were teachers, 38.7% were parents and 49.1% were parents and teachers. The majority (78.5%) were married, and 75.6% had at least one child. Among those with children, 88.6% had at least one girl, and among those with girls, 72.2% had at least one girl aged between 10 and 18 years. The total median (IQR) knowledge score was 9 [(−5)–(−26)] and the total median (IQR) attitude score was 49 (43–56). The knowledge score significantly increased by receiving postgraduate education, working in the health or education sectors, if a person knew someone diagnosed with cervical cancer, having girls in the age group of 10–18 years, reading about medical issues or having previously heard about the HPV vaccine. The attitude score significantly increased by high knowledge score and decreased if the person has previously diagnosed with cervical cancer.ConclusionPhysician’s recommendation and the amount of information on the HPV vaccine, opinions about vaccines in general, and government decrees are the main factors influencing decision on HPV vaccine Uptake. This study emphasizes the role of healthcare providers, awareness of cervical cancer, HPV and its vaccine, and social status, in favoring vaccine uptake in Saudi Arabia.

IntroductionCervical cancer is caused by the human papillomavirus (HV), and accounts for more than 311,000 preventable deaths annually, with 85% occurring in low-and middle-income countries. Despite being preventable through screening and screening, significant barriers to implementing HPV vaccination persist in developing nations. This review study aims to identify these barriers and propose innovative, evidence-based solutions to improve vaccination rates and reduce cervical cancer mortality.MethodsA systematic review search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews. Keywords related to HPV vaccination barriers and implementation strategies in developing countries were used. Relevant demonstration projects, pilot studies, and evidence-based research articles were reviewed.ResultsIdentifiable barriers to a successful vaccine implementation program in a developing country include vaccine costs, societal, cultural resistance, misinformation, logistical challenges in vaccine delivery, and inadequate human resources. Solutions to these barriers include a subsidized vaccine pricing, community sensitization, education and well-trained media professionals to dispel misinformation, and partnerships with both public and private sector for efficient vaccine distribution.DiscussionThese findings highlight critical barriers that impede HPV vaccination efforts in developing countries and offers practical solutions to overcome these challenges. This aggregate of data can help inform future developing countries’ implementation programs to further the World Health Assembly mission to vaccinate 90% of eligible girls globally by 2030.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and Pap tests are recognized as effective preventive measures to reduce the incidence of HPV-related diseases among young adults. The objective of this study was to assess HPV vaccination and Pap test uptake, awareness, and barriers among young adults in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, including Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2024, involving 831 young adults aged 18–39 residing in GCC countries. The main outcome measures were HPV vaccination and Pap test uptake rates, awareness of the HPV vaccine and Pap testing, and barriers to vaccination. Data were collected using online platforms. The Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used for data analysis. Results: The UAE had the highest vaccination rate at 18.9% (50/264), followed by Qatar at 5.8% (6/104), and KSA at 4.6% (10/216), p

Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) commonly causes transmissible diseases worldwide; however, HPV vaccines are not available among some at-risk populations. Since 2017, HPV vaccination has been recommended for females aged 11–12 years in Thailand. However, studies on the coverage and HPV vaccination prevalence are limited. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and factors associated with HPV vaccination among Thai university students. Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study were randomly collected using paper-based questionnaires from university students aged 18–26 years during October 17–27, 2023. Results: Of 1,093 participants, 57.6 % were female, and 53.5 % were from non-urban areas. The median age was 20 years. One-third of the participants were from low-income families. The overall HPV vaccine coverage rates were 7.51 % and 0.87 % in female and male students, respectively. Female sex, being from a high-income family, studying in health science faculties, originating from an urban area, having one or both parents completing university educations, and having healthcare providers as family members increased the odds of receiving the HPV vaccine. The accuracy of HPV vaccine literacy among participants who reported that they “know about the HPV vaccine” was adequate, except for the fact that HPV vaccine was sex-neutral. Conclusions: The HPV vaccine coverage rate among Thai university students was low owing to several factors. HPV and HPV vaccine education should be provided to populations that can still benefit from receiving the HPV vaccine.

BackgroundIn this study, we characterized the HPV genotype distribution in a population of 489 adults already positive for HPV DNA. The study population was divided into two groups: 244 HIV-positive (HIV+) men who have sex with men (MSM) undergoing routine anal screening for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and 245 women undergoing routine cervical cancer screening. Acknowledging the fact that women and MSM represent two independent circles of sexual practices, which are—largely—exclusive of each other, we were interested in determining if particular genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) disproportionately predominate in one of these circles compared to the other.ResultsHIV+ MSM are significantly more likely to be infected with multiple genotypes at a time, with an odds ratio (OR) of 9.30 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.91–22.1) and a p-value of

Background: Pre-invasive cervical cancer is a precursor of cervical carcinoma if left untreated it takes about ten to twenty years for the pre-invasive lesion to develop into cervical cancer. It starts from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, which constitutes CIN 1 CIN 2, and CIN 3, with the latter covering the entire thickness of the epithelium. The prevalence of pre-invasive cervical lesions was 7.7% in Makurdi north-central Nigeria, 4.8% in Zaria Northwestern Nigeria, and 7.7% in Egypt. Progressive infection with high-risk HPV in over 95% are associated with CIN and cancer of the cervix, fortunately, these viruses can be prevented using HPV vaccines if given appropriately and to the right population. Method: The study was a cross-sectional type aimed at exploring the knowledge of the participants on the pre-invasive cervical lesions and their prevention using the HPV vaccine using a semi-structured questionnaire in FMC Nguru. Results: The total number of participants was 29 (n=29). The mean age of the respondents was 20.9 +/-2. 8SD. Among the participants, 19 (65.5%) are aware that pre-malignant cervical cancer can progress to cancer of the cervix, and 9(31%) are aware that pre-malignant cervical lesions, can be asymptomatic. Only 13(44.8%) are aware that Human Papillomavirus is a risk factor for CIN whereas 21(72,4%) are aware that HPV can be prevented using a vaccine. Conclusion: There is good knowledge among the students on the pre-invasive cervical lesion of the cervix and its vaccine prevention, however, the majority are not aware that HPV is an important risk factor for CIN, hence more work needs to be done to enlighten the students on this to enhance the acceptability of the human papilloma vaccine.

Low HPV vaccination rates among Latina young adults perpetuate HPV-associated cancer disparities. Using qualitative methods, this study explored individual, interpersonal, and community factors that influence HPV vaccine delay and refusal among Mexican- and U.S.-born Mexican American young adult women. Participants (N = 30) between 18 and 26 years old were purposively sampled from two federally qualified health centers in Orange County, California. The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities research framework and narrative engagement theory guided semi-structured phone interviews coded inductively and deductively. Participants primarily attributed vaccine status to individual and interpersonal reasons. Emerging themes included low HPV vaccine knowledge, insufficient provider communication, negative perceptions about HPV and the vaccine, motherhood responsibilities, mother's communication about HPV, cultural family norms, health care access, and misinformation. Compared to U.S.-born Latinas, Mexican-born participants more frequently expressed avoiding health care discussions with family. HPV vaccine recommendations for young Mexican American women should include socioculturally tailored messages that may improve HPV vaccination acceptance and uptake.

Background: Cervical cancer is the eighth most prevalent cancer among women nationwide, with 358 new cases reported annually. One of the strategies to prevent it is getting vaccinated against the human papillomavirus (HPV), the leading cause of this cancer. Methods: A survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, to evaluate the acceptance of the HPV vaccine among parents of daughters and their knowledge of three domains: cervical cancer, HPV, and the HPV vaccine. Results: 390 parents participated in the study, with 88.2% female, 39.74% of the participants aged between 36-62 years old, and 62.56% holding a bachelor's degree or above. Parents were more aware of cervical cancer (78.97%), followed by HPV (50%) and the HPV vaccine (41.28%). Awareness levels about cervical cancer were significantly different among males and females, while awareness of HPV and the HPV vaccine was significantly associated with parents' education levels. For instance, parents with a bachelor's degree or higher (54.9%) demonstrated greater awareness of HPV compared to parents with a high school diploma (41.9%) or a middle school diploma or less (41.5%). The overall participants' knowledge scores in all three domains were poor, with an average below 50%. 60% of parents believed their daughters should receive the HPV vaccine. Conclusion: More than half of the study participants are willing to vaccinate their daughters with the HPV vaccine despite their poor knowledge of the assessed domains. Awareness levels of HPV and the HPV vaccine are associated with education levels. We believe raising awareness among parents is necessary to improve the acceptance level of the HPV vaccine.

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection and the leading cause of cervical cancer. The HPV vaccine is a safe and effective way to prevent HPV infection. In Zambia, the vaccine is given during Child Health Week to girls aged 14 years who are in and out of school in two doses over two years. The focus of this evaluation was to establish the cost to administer a single dose of the vaccine as well as for full immunisation of two doses. Methods This work was part of a broader study on assessing HPV programme implementation in Zambia. For HPV costing aspect of the study, with a healthcare provider perspective and reference year of 2020, both top-down and micro-costing approaches were used for financial costing, depending on the cost data source, and economic costs were gathered as secondary data from Expanded Programme for Immunisation Costing and Financing Project (EPIC), except human resource costs which were gathered as primary data using existing Ministry of Health salary scales and reported time spent by different health cadres on activities related to HPV vaccination. Data was collected from eight districts in four provinces, mainly using a structured questionnaire, document reviews and key informant interviews with staff at national, provincial, district and health facility levels. Administrative coverage rates were obtained for each district. Results Findings show that schools made up 53.3% of vaccination sites, community outreach sites 30.9% and finally health facilities 15.8%. In terms of coverage for 2020, for the eight districts sampled, schools had the highest coverage at 96.0%. Community outreach sites were at 6.0% of the coverage and health facilities accounted for only 1.0% of the coverage. School based delivery had the lowest economic cost at USD13.2 per dose and USD 28.1 per fully immunised child (FIC). Overall financial costs for school based delivery were US$6.0 per dose and US$12.4 per FIC. Overall economic costs taking all delivery models into account were US$23.0 per dose and US$47.6 per FIC. The main financial cost drivers were microplanning, supplies, service delivery/outreach and vaccine co-financing; while the main economic cost drivers were human resources, building overhead and vehicles. Nurses, environmental health technicians and community-based volunteers spent the most time on HPV related vaccination activities compared to other cadres and represented the greatest human resource costs. Conclusions The financial cost of HPV vaccination in Zambia aligns favourably with similar studies conducted in other countries. However, the economic costs appear significantly higher than those observed in most international studies. This discrepancy underscores the substantial strain placed on healthcare resources by the program, a burden that often remains obscured. While the vaccine costs are currently subsidized through the generous support of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, it’s crucial to recognize that these expenses pose a considerable threat to long-term sustainability. Consequently, countries such as Zambia must proactively devise strategies to address this challenge.

Nouf A AlShamlan,1 Reem S AlOmar,1 Assim M AlAbdulKader,1 Marwa Mahmoud Shafey,1 Faisal A AlGhamdi,2 Abdullah A Aldakheel,2 Saud A AlShehri,2 Lyana A Felemban,3 Shahad A AlShamlan,2 Malak A Al Shammari1 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; 2College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; 3College of Medicine, Fakeeh College of Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Nouf A AlShamlan, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966504901406, Email nashamlan@iau.edu.saBackground: Epidemiological evidence has shown that human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most frequent cause of sexually transmitted infection, and vaccination is an essential measure to prevent associated diseases and complications. This study aimed to assess the HPV vaccine uptake and its associated factors as well as HPV vaccine hesitancy by female healthcare workers (HCWs) in Saudi Arabia.Methods: This online, questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study involved female HCWs in Saudi Arabia between July and October 2022. The study tool included questions about sociodemographic, occupational, and reproductive characteristics, uptake of HPV vaccination, and reasons of hesitancy. Chi-squared and t-tests were used for bivariate analyses, and multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders.Results: The total number of participants was 1857. Around 20% of HCWs received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine, and around 45% were willing to take it this year. Lower odds of vaccine uptake were reported among older participants and those with a higher level of education. However, nurses, HCWs with a previous HPV infection, those with a family history of cervical cancer, or those with a previous cervical cancer screening test had higher odds of receiving the vaccine. On the other hand, older participants and diploma degree holders were less willing to take the HPV vaccine. Higher odds of willingness were reported in married HCWs, those with a previous HPV infection, those who received a previous HPV vaccine dose, or those who were screened for cervical cancer. Lack of knowledge and some misconceptions were the most reported reasons for hesitancy.Conclusion: Certain factors that affect HCWs personal decisions to take the vaccine were identified. By targeting these issues, epidemiologists, public health officials and women’s health care providers can work to increase HPV vaccine uptake and reduce the burden of HPV-related diseases in this population.Keywords: HPV vaccine, epidemiology, public health, women’s health, healthcare worker, uptake

Abstract Background Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection among female is the cause of cervical cancer and genital warts. In China, the HPV vaccination rate and the target population screening rate among females are low, and the aims of this study on the genotype distribution and prevalence of HPV infection were to provide more targeted strategies for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer and HPV-related diseases. Methods Polymerase chain reaction-reverse dot blot (PCR-RDB) was adopted for HPV genotyping test, the prevalence and 23 genotypes distribution of HPV infections among 181,705 women in Chengdu from 2013 to 2020 were analysed. Results The overall prevalence rate of HPV infection among 181,705 cases was 23.28%, the prevalence of HR-HPV at the age group 65 years). Additionally,for patients with genital warts, it is necessary to screen for high-risk HPV infection and provide appropriate management and treatment. Given the limitations of this study, future HPV research should aim to achieve full coverage of the target population, and our studies should also include cellular or pathological data of HPV-positive cases, vaccination rates, and various lifestyle details.

Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake is lower in rural areas, particularly for boys. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate how a participatory approach to developing a series of videos about the HPV vaccine better meets the informational needs of rural parents. Methods: We recruited six rural parents to participate on a parent advisory board (PAB). The PAB met monthly spanning five months (n = 5 meetings) from February to May 2023. Each meeting focused on an element of video creation, including: 1) Providing feedback on existing HPV vaccine videos created by federal agencies and developing a tailored plan for local rural parents; 2) Providing feedback on the video plan so the study team could draft scripts; 3) Editing scripts; 4) Finalizing video concepts; and 5) Providing feedback to produced videos. Between meetings, parents completed tasks to facilitate the process, which also served as a way for parent input to be documented. We worked with a local, professional videographer to produce the videos. A local parent and a nurse practitioner were recruited as actors. Results: Six one-minute videos were produced on the following topics: What is HPV?; Does the vaccine prevent cancer?; How does the vaccine work?; Is the vaccine safe?; Who should get the vaccine?; and Where can you go to get the vaccine? The PAB was essential in clarifying source, message, channel and receiver throughout the video creation process. Conclusions: Engaging parents to co-create a series of one-minute videos supports HPV vaccine confidence efforts in rural areas.

The HPV vaccine, which has been demonstrated to be an effective method of reducing the risk of developing cervical cancer, is still being underutilized among college students in China. To assess the current status of HPV vaccine hesitancy among college students in Guangdong Province after the COVID-19 outbreak, and to systematically analyze the influencing factors of HPV vaccine hesitancy and construct a prediction model based on the WHO 3Cs model. A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted in June 2023 among female college students in four cities in Guangdong Province. The data were analyzed using binary logistic regression with a focus on the 3Cs model: Complacency, Convenience, and Confidence. LASSO regression was employed to analyze the variables deemed to be of significance and to construct predictive models. Out of 1399 participants, 86.5% expressed no hesitancy toward HPV vaccination. However, 11.9% exhibited hesitancy, and 1.6% refused vaccination altogether. Factors such as trust in vaccine efficacy, perception of HPV infection risk, price considerations, and constraints like distance or time were significant contributors to hesitancy. Knowledge of the HPV vaccine, socio-demographic characteristics, and the educational level of participants’ mothers also played a role in vaccine hesitancy. It is recommended that targeted interventions be implemented within educational institutions with the aim of raising awareness of cervical cancer and HPV vaccines, simplifying the scheduling of vaccination appointments, and increasing affordability through the implementation of strategic purchasing measures or subsidy schemes.

Although the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is effective at preventing infection and certain types of cancer, uptake is suboptimal. HPV vaccine requirements for school entry are an underutilized strategy to increase HPV vaccine uptake among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to understand the factors that are predictive of parents’ attitudes toward schools requiring the HPV vaccine for entry into middle school. Parents of adolescents ages 11–12 y were recruited to participate in an online survey via Qualtrics. Descriptive frequencies were obtained, and sequential regression analyses were conducted controlling for demographic characteristics. A total of 1,046 participants were included in the analysis. The mean age was 40.3 y (SD = 6.3) and the majority of participants were White (74.4%) and had some college education or higher (80.9%). Participant’s gender, political affiliation, urban/rural setting, and education level were significantly associated with attitudes toward school entry requirements. Adding psychosocial items related to perceptions of benefits, risks, and social norms significantly increased the amount of variance explained in the model [(ΔR2 = .312, F(5, 1036) = 132.621)]. Perceived social norms was the strongest predictor of attitudes [β = 0.321]. The results of this study can be used to inform policy changes around school-entry requirements in the United States. Further studies are needed to assess the influence of perceived social norms in vaccine hesitant groups.

Dentists are well-positioned to discuss oral health issues related to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and recommend the HPV vaccine to their patients, mainly because the HPV virus causes oropharyngeal cancers.. We assessed Los Angeles (LA) County dentists’ opinions on discussing HPV-related oral health issues and recommending the HPV vaccine to their patients. We tested if opinions differed between dentists whose primary patient population was only adults versus children and adults. We mailed a 19-item survey to 2000 randomly sampled LA County dentists for this cross-sectional study. The primary outcome variable was a summary opinion score of 7 opinion statements. We ran descriptive, bivariate comparisons and adjusted linear regression models. Overall, 261 dentists completed the survey. A majority (58.5%) worried they would lose patients if they recommended the vaccine; 49% thought dentists were not appropriate to educate, counsel, or advise on HPV-related issues; 42% were concerned about the safety of the vaccine; and 40% did not feel comfortable recommending the vaccine. The mean summary opinion score was 21.4 ± 5.4 for the total sample. Regression analysis showed no differences in opinions between dentists whose primary patient population was only adults versus children and adults (Coefficient = 0.146, p = 0.83). Overall, the responding dentists were not very favorable about discussing oral health-related HPV issues and recommending the HPV vaccine to their patients. Additionally, the overall opinions were similar between dentists whose primary patient population was only adults versus children and adults.