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Pharmacoepidemiological research about antibiotics is supported by the World Health Organization (WHO), but data regarding antibiotic prevalence based on actual prescriptions and dosing patterns are insufficient. The aims were: (i) To estimate the prevalence and prescribed daily dose (PDD) of antibiotics in outpatients from Mexico City and (ii) to compare the PDD against the defined daily dose (DDD), as established by the WHO. The study included 685 prescriptions of antibiotics selected randomly from five geographical zones of Mexico City. Drug, dose, frequency, and duration of treatment were obtained from each prescription. PDD values of each antibiotic drug were calculated as the average of the daily doses. Sub-use and overuse were determined by the ratio PDD/DDD for each prescription. The most prescribed antibiotics to outpatients from Mexico City included six pharmacological groups: quinolones (28%), penicillins (23%), cephalosporins (17%), macrolides (10%), lincosamides (9%), and sulfonamides (4%). Both overuse and sub-use were high (55% and 63%, respectively). In conclusion, most of the antibiotics with a high prevalence of prescription also had a high rate of either sub-use or overuse, with prescribed doses that significantly differ with their corresponding DDD. The dosing variation has important clinical implications since it denotes low prescription control.