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Treinta años han pasado desde la realización del único censo económico en Colombia, y para el desarrollo de un nuevo operativo censal, se hace necesario contar con un marco estadístico que garantice el cubrimiento de las unidades económicas del país. Teniendo en cuenta que las zonas rurales presentan características particulares respecto a la localización y proximidad de la actividad económica, lo que puede impactar los costos y tiempos del operativo censal, se planteó una metodología de alcance exploratorio y descriptivo, soportada por el uso de fuentes diversas, y la aplicación de técnicas de análisis espacial, con el fin de determinar las Áreas de Concentración Económica Rural (ACER), fundamentadas en la localización, proximidad y aglomeración de las unidades económicas. De esta manera, se logró la estructuración de 5.537 ACER ubicadas en el 80% de las divisiones de segundo nivel territorial, con tendencia central en su mediana de cinco establecimientos y una superficie de 15,6 hectáreas. Aunque no se tienen referentes similares de este tipo, la determinación de estas áreas se basó en obtener consistencia temática y geográfica, a partir de las fuentes empleadas, y la configuración de aglomeraciones espaciales. Ahora bien, al ser un método de alcance exploratorio, está abierto a mejoras y retroalimentación continua, buscando ser un referente en la conformación de marcos estadísticos.

The main purpose of this study is to examine the existence of fuzzy fixed points of fuzzy mappings meeting the criteria of some generalized contractions of Nadler's type in the framework of complete b-metric spaces. From the pertinent literature, there are additional previous observations that are provided as corollaries. Our study expands and incorporates several implications that are apparent in this mode and are addressed in considerable literature.

A contemporary fuzzy technique is employed in the current study to generalize some established and recent findings. For researchers, fixed point (FP) procedures are highly advantageous and appealing mechanisms. Discovering fuzzy fixed points of fuzzy mappings (FM) meeting Nadler's type contraction in complete fuzzy metric space (FMS) and?iri? type contraction in complete metric spaces (MS) is the core objective of this research. The outcomes are backed up by example and applications that highlight these findings. There are also preceding conclusions that are given as corollaries from the relevant literature. In this mode, numerous consequences exist in the significant literature are extended and combined by our findings.

T-spherical fuzzy sets (T-SPFSs) have gained popularity because of their ability to account for uncertainty more effectively and spanning a larger domain. The sum of the t-$ th $ power of membership grades in T-SPFSs is close to a unit interval, allowing for greater uncertainty. As a result, this set outperforms traditional fuzzy structures. The "multi-criteria decision-making" (MCDM) approach is a widely used technique that requires the use of some aggregation tools, and various such aggregation operators (AOs) have been developed over the years to achieve this purpose. The purpose of this paper is to propose some new operational laws and AOs for use in a T-spherical fuzzy environment. In this regard, we presented some new neutral or fair operational rules that combine the concept of proportional distribution to provide a neutral or fair solution to the membership, abstinence, and non-membership of T-spherical fuzzy numbers (T-SPFNs). Based on the obtained operational rules, we presented the "T-spherical fuzzy fairly weighted average operator" and the "T-spherical fuzzy fairly ordered weighted averaging operator". Compared to earlier methodologies, the proposed AOs provide more generalised, reliable, and accurate information. In addition, under T-SPFSs, an MCDM approach is developed employing suggested AOs with several decision-makers (DMs) and partial weight details. Finally, to demonstrate the applicability of the innovative technique, we give an actual case study of "food waste treatment technology" (FWTT) selection under T-SPFSs scenarios. A comparison with an existing model has also been undertaken to confirm the validity and robustness of the acquired results.

El estudio planteó como objetivo determinar la relación entre gestión empresarial y calidad de vida en productores de uva borgoña del distrito de San Antonio de Cumbaza; se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo aplicado, con diseño de investigación no experimental. La muestra estuvo conformada por 50 productores de uva borgoña y se utilizó cuestionarios como instrumentos de recolección de datos. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la gestión empresarial fue percibida 56% bajo y la calidad de vida 84% de nivel medio, llegando a concluir que existe correlación directa y significativa entre las variables (ρ = 0.000; rs = 0.632), comprobando así la hipótesis de investigación.

Resumen La presente tesis es el resultado de la aplicación del Taller Mejorando nuestra gestión pedagógica, que hace posible el mejoramiento del Proyecto Curricular de institución educativa (PCIE) como instrumento de gestión pedagógica, de metodología de tipo investigación –acción y del nivel cuantitativa y fue desarrollada con docentes de la Institución Educativa Miguel Chuquisengo Ramírez de la provincia de San Martín, Distrito de Tarapoto. El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación, es determinar la influencia del taller en el mejoramiento del proyecto curricular de la institución educativa en mención. La muestra estuvo conformada por 19 docentes de la institución, la recolección de datos se efectuó mediante el pre y post test, para la contratación de la hipótesis se utilizó el parámetro estadístico T-student. Una vez fectuada la prueba de hipótesis y contrastadas las mismas se ha llegado a la conclusión que la influencia del taller “mejorando nuestra gestión pedagógica” ha sido significativa lo que implica que el proyecto curricular de institución educativa (PCIE) ha sido mejorado en todos sus componentes.

La investigación presento como objetivo Establecer la relación entre la gestión institucional y el desempeño docente en la institución educativa Miguel Chuquisengo Ramírez, distrito de Tarapoto, 2019. El estudio fue de tipo descriptivo correlacional, donde se aplicó un cuestionario de preguntas a una muestra de 23 colaboradores, asimismo se utilizó tablas, gráficos y formulas estadísticas, llegando a la conclusión que la Gestión institucional es calificada deficiente en un 48%, debido, ya que en la institución no se promueve en su totalidad la participación del docente en la elaboración de los documentos de gestión, la cual genera molestia y desacuerdos. Asimismo, el desempeño de los docentes, es calificado regular en un 43% es decir, no muestran un desempeño alto ni bajo, debido a que no todos los docentes, presenta oportunamente sus documentos de planificación considerando los compromisos de gestión escolar. En ese sentido se realizó la contrastación de hipótesis que llevo a concluir que existe relación entre las variables, ya que el valor “p” obtenido es menor a 0.05. Así mismo, debido a que el valor “r” es de 0,585, indica una correlación positiva moderada.

La presente investigación, pretende demostrar la relación que existe entre el comportamiento inadecuado en las aulas y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes del IEST Amazónico. El problema planteado fue de qué manera se relaciona el comportamiento inadecuado en el aula y el rendimiento académico. La hipótesis general sostiene que el comportamiento inadecuado en el aula tiene relación directa con el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes del I ciclo de Administración del Instituto de Educación Superior Tecnológico “Amazónico” y el objetivo general fue determinar el grado de relación que existe entre éstas variables de estudio. La investigación fue descriptiva correlacional no experimental, la población de estudio estuvo conformada por 56 estudiantes del I ciclo de administración de los cuales se ha tomado una muestra de 15 alumnos identificados con problemas de comportamiento inadecuado. Los resultados se han presentado haciendo uso de tablas que explican e interpretan los resultados obtenidos. Para establecer el grado de relación o dependencia entre las variables se utilizó la fórmula del Coeficiente de Correlación, y la t-student a través de los cuales se ha demostrado la relación existente, arribándose a la conclusión principal de que existe una relación negativa entre el comportamiento inadecuado en las aulas y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes del IEST Amazónico 2014.

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación que existe entre el sistema de control interno y la gestión administrativa de la Unidad de Gestión Educativa Local Alto Amazonas – Yurimaguas, 2020. La investigación fue tipo básica, diseño no experimental, transversal y descriptivo correlacional, la población fue de 83 y la muestra fue de 56 colaboradores, se empleó como técnica la encuesta y como instrumento el cuestionario. Los resultados determinaron que el control interno tiene un nivel muy malo con un 41%, asimismo la gestión institucional tiene un nivel de nunca con un 41%. Concluyendo que el coeficiente de correlación Rho de Spearman obtuvo un valor de 0.821 que indica una correlación positiva alta, indicando que existe relación significativa entre el Sistema de Control Interno y la Gestión Institucional de la Unidad de Gestión Educativa Local Alto Amazonas – Yurimaguas 2020.

International audience; Cyclohexane oxidation chemistry was investigated using a near-atmospheric pressure JSR at 570 K and ϕ = 0.8. Numerous intermediates including hydroperoxides and highly oxygenated molecules were detected using synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy. Supported by high-level quantum calculations the analysis of photoelectron spectra allowed the firm identification of molecular species formed during the oxidation of cyclohexane. Besides, this work validates recently published gas chromatography and synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry data. Unambiguous detection of characteristic hydroperoxides (e.g. γ-ketohydroperoxides) and their respective decomposition products provide support for the conventional O2-addition channels up to the third addition and their relative contribution to the cyclohexane oxidation.The results were also compared to the predictions of a recently proposed new detailed kinetic model of cyclohexane oxidation. Most of the predictions are in line with the current experimental findings highlighting the robustness of the kinetic model. However, the analysis of the recorded slow photoelectron spectra indicating the possible presence of C5 species in the kinetic model provides hints that substituted cyclopentyl radicals from cyclohexyl ring opening might play a minor role in cyclohexane oxidation. Potentially important missing reaction are discussed.

The methanol-to-hydrocarbons (MTH) process is an industrially relevant method to produce valuable light olefins such as propylene. One of the ways to enhance propylene selectivity is to modify zeolite catalysts with alkaline earth cations. The underlying mechanistic aspects of this type of promotion are not well understood. Here, we study the interaction of Ca2+ with reaction intermediates and products formed during the MTH reaction. Using transient kinetic and spectroscopic tools, we find strong indications that the selectivity differences between Ca/ZSM-5 and HZSM-5 are related to the different local environment inside the pores due to the presence of Ca2+. In particular, Ca/ZSM-5 strongly retains water, hydrocarbons, and oxygenates, which occupy as much as 10% of the micropores during the ongoing MTH reaction. This change in the effective pore geometry affects the formation of hydrocarbon pool components and in this way directs the MTH reaction toward the olefin cycle.

La postergación de las actividades académicas ha sido por años una característica en el ámbito educativo, más aún en estudiantes universitarios, estas actitudes y comportamiento repercuten en distintos escenarios como el rendimiento, sintomatologías de ansiedad, depresión, estrés u otros, lo que se traduce en el decaimiento del bienestar, en ese sentido el estudio planteó como objetivo determinar la relación entre la procrastinación académica y bienestar psicológicos en estudiantes universitarios durante las clases virtuales. El estudio fue de tipo básico, de diseño descriptivo, correlacional y transversal, conformada por una muestra de 144 universitarios 58.3% mujeres y 41.7% varones, con un promedio de 24.15 años y una DE= 5.15 años, aplicando la Escala de Procrastinación Académica de 12 ítems y la Escala de bienestar psicológico de 13 ítems. Se han demostrado que la procrastinación académica independiente del sexo, edad, tipo de universidad y grado de instrucción es prevalentemente medio (50%), en tanto el bienestar psicológico también fue medio (51.4%) con tendencia baja; de esta manera el análisis inferencial demuestra una correlación negativa a nivel general (p

COVID-19 spread very quickly worldwide, although the general population has been affected, the groups with the highest level of vulnerability to the virus and its psychological consequences are health personnel. The objective was to evaluate burnout syndrome in health professionals in times of COVID-19 in databases containing scientific literature. We worked under a qualitative approach and analyzed 19 articles from primary sources indexed in Scielo, Redalyc, Scopus, DOAJ, Dialnet and Ebsco. In the first instance, 1586 articles were obtained, of which only 19 met the criteria set. A greater presence of articles with cross-sectional observational descriptive design was observed, the total sample was health professionals, where high burnout rates reached 95% of all the articles analyzed and with a higher prevalence in women than in men, thus concluding that burnout is high in health professionals; In addition, for the presence of burnout, contact with COVID-19 patients, schedules and work overload have been a primary factor for their symptoms to be triggered. La COVID-19 se propagó muy rápido a nivel mundial, si bien la población en general se ha visto afectada, los colectivos de mayor nivel de vulnerabilidad al virus y sus consecuencias de tipo psicológico son el personal de salud. Se planteó como objetivo evaluar el síndrome de burnout en profesionales de la salud en tiempos de la COVID-19 en bases de datos que contengan literatura científica. Se trabajaron bajo un enfoque cualitativo y se analizó 19 artículos de fuentes primarias indexados en Scielo, Redalyc, Scopus, DOAJ, Dialnet y Ebsco. En primera instancia se obtuvo 1586 artículos, de éstos solo 19 cumplieron los criterios planteados. Se observó una mayor presencia de artículos con diseño descriptivo observacional transversales, la muestra total fue profesionales de la salud, donde los índices altos de burnout llegaron al 95% de la totalidad de los artículos analizados y con mayor prevalencia en mujeres que en hombres, concluyendo así que el burnout es alto en los profesionales de la salud; además, para la presencia de burnout, el contacto con pacientes COVID-19, los horarios y la sobrecarga laboral han sido un factor primordial para que se desencadene su sintomatología. O COVID-19 se espalhou muito rapidamente pelo mundo, embora a população em geral tenha sido afetada, os grupos com maior nível de vulnerabilidade ao vírus e suas consequências psicológicas são o pessoal de saúde. O objetivo foi avaliar a síndrome de burnout em profissionais de saúde em tempos de COVID-19 em bases de dados contendo literatura científica. Trabalhamos sob abordagem qualitativa e analisamos 19 artigos de fontes primárias indexadas em Scielo, Redalyc, Scopus, DOAJ, Dialnet e Ebsco. Em primeira instância, foram obtidos 1.586 artigos, dos quais apenas 19 atenderam aos critérios estabelecidos. Observou-se maior presença de artigos com desenho descritivo observacional transversal, a amostra total foi de profissionais de saúde, onde as altas taxas de burnout atingiram 95% de todos os artigos analisados e com maior prevalência em mulheres do que em homens, concluindo assim que o burnout é elevado nos profissionais de saúde; Além disso, para a presença de burnout, o contato com pacientes COVID-19, horários e sobrecarga de trabalho têm sido um fator primordial para que seus sintomas sejam acionados.

Low-energy electrons dissolved in liquid ammonia or aqueous media are powerful reducing agents that promote challenging reduction reactions, but can also cause radiation damage to biological tissue. Knowledge of the underlying mechanistic processes remains incomplete, in particular with respect to the details and energetics of the electron transfer steps. Here, we show 20 how ultraviolet (UV) photoexcitation of metal-ammonia clusters could be used to generate tunable low-energy electrons in situ. Specifically, we identified UV light-induced generation of spin-paired solvated dielectrons and their subsequent relaxation by an unconventional electron-transfer-mediated decay as an efficient low-energy electron source. The process is robust and straightforward to induce, with the prospect of improving our understanding of radiation damage 25 and fostering mechanistic studies of solvated electron reduction reactions., Science, ISSN:0036-8075, ISSN:1095-9203

Dengue, chikungunya, and Zika are of great concern to the public health of Colombia. One of the main control strategies for these diseases is the application of insecticides directed at the Aedes aegypti vector. However, insecticide resistance has been increasingly recorded in the country, making control measures difficult. Here, we evaluated the resistance profiles for pyrethroids in populations of Ae. aegypti from La Guajira, Colombia. The frequency (diagnostic dose, DD) and intensity (2×, 5×, and 10× DD) of resistance to permethrin, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin were determined in 15 populations of Ae. aegypti from La Guajira, Colombia, using the bottle bioassay. The kdr mutations V1016I, F1534C, and V410L, were identified, and their allele and genotype frequencies were calculated. Finally, the mortality values for the analyzed pyrethroids were interpolated following the IDW method for predicting pyrethroid resistance. The populations of Ae. aegypti showed a high frequency of resistance to permethrin with a low to moderate intensity, which was associated with the triple-resistant haplotype LL410/II1016/CC1534. They remain susceptible to deltamethrin and, in some populations, expressed the risk of developing resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin.

A pandemia da COVID 19 foi declarada em março de 2020 e embora não exista nenhum medicamento especifico para tratar a doença, a cloroquina (CQ) e a hidroxicloroquina (HCQ) estão sendo clinicamente testadas após resultados positivos in vitro. Na busca de fármacos que possam auxiliar no combate a pandemia vários países lançaram diretrizes regulamentando o uso da CQ e HCQ. Este estudo tem por objetivo fazer uma revisão da literatura e identificar as evidências científicas publicadas até o presente momento sobre o uso da CQ e da HCQ no tratamento de pacientes acometidos pelo coronavírus. Os resultados encontrados apontam que apesar de uma euforia inicial com resultados positivos dos efeitos do medicamento tem-se uma tendência em que os ensaios clínicos mais atuais não recomendam o uso desses fármacos que não seja em caráter experimental devido a divergências nos resultados encontrados. São necessárias mais evidências, a partir de ensaios clínicos randomizados, para confirmar ou refutar o uso da CQ e da HCQ.

The collective behavior of lipids with diverse chemical and physical features determines a membrane’s thermodynamic properties. Yet, the influence of lipid physicochemical properties on lipid dynamics, in particular interbilayer transport, remains underexplored. Here, we systematically investigate how the activation free energy of passive lipid transport depends on lipid chemistry and membrane phase. Through all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of 11 chemically distinct glycerophos-pholipids, we determine how lipid acyl chain length, unsaturation, and headgroup influence the free energy barriers for two elementary steps of lipid transport, lipid desorption, which is rate-limiting, and lipid insertion into a membrane. Consistent with previous experimental measurements, we find that lipids with longer, saturated acyl chains have increased activation free energies compared to lipids with shorter, unsaturated chains. Lipids with different headgroups exhibit a range of activation free energies; however, no clear trend based solely on chemical structure can be identified, mirroring difficulties in the interpretation of previous experimental results. Compared to liquid-crystalline phase membranes, gel phase membranes exhibit substantially increased free energy barriers. Overall, we find that the activation free energy depends on a lipid’s local hydrophobic environment in a membrane and that the free energy barrier for lipid insertion depends on a membrane’s interfacial hydrophobicity. Both of these properties can be altered through changes in lipid acyl chain length, lipid headgroup, and membrane phase. Thus, the rate of lipid transport can be tuned through subtle changes in local membrane composition and order, suggesting an unappreciated role for nanoscale membrane domains in regulating cellular lipid dynamics.SIGNIFICANCECell homeostasis requires spatiotemporal regulation of heterogeneous membrane compositions, in part, through non-vesicular transport of individual lipids between membranes. By systematically investigating how the chemical diversity present in glycerophospholipidomes and variations in membrane order influence the free energy barriers for passive lipid transport, we discover a correlation between the activation free energy and membrane hydrophobicity. By demonstrating how membrane hydrophobicity is modulated by local changes in membrane composition and order, we solidify the link between membrane physicochemical properties and lipid transport rates. Our results suggest that variations in cell membrane hydrophobicity may be exploited to direct non-vesicular lipid traffic.

Effective government services rely on accurate population numbers to allocate resources. In Colombia and globally, census enumeration is challenging in remote regions and where armed conflict is occurring. During census preparations, the Colombian National Administrative Department of Statistics conducted social cartography workshops, where community representatives estimated numbers of dwellings and people throughout their regions. We repurposed this information, combining it with remotely sensed buildings data and other geospatial data. To estimate building counts and population sizes, we developed hierarchical Bayesian models, trained using nearby full-coverage census enumerations and assessed using 10-fold cross-validation. We compared models to assess the relative contributions of community knowledge, remotely sensed buildings, and their combination to model fit. The Community model was unbiased but imprecise; the Satellite model was more precise but biased; and the Combination model was best for overall accuracy. Results reaffirmed the power of remotely sensed buildings data for population estimation and highlighted the value of incorporating local knowledge.

Susceptibility to organophosphates was evaluated in 2 populations of Culex quinquefasciatus from the department of Atlantico, Colombia. Bioassays for temephos, malathion, and pirimiphos-methyl were performed with 3rd-stage larvae and adult females of Cx. quinquefasciatus from the municipalities of Soledad and Puerto Colombia, following the methods of the World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, respectively. The median lethal concentration (LC50) and 90% lethal concentration (LC90) resistance ratios (RRLC50 and RRLC90) were determined for each insecticide in the field populations evaluated, using the Cartagena strain as the susceptible control. Relative to LC50 and LC90 of the Cartagena strain, the population from Puerto Colombia was moderately resistant to temephos (RRLC50 5.7-fold) and malathion (RRLC50 8.6-fold, RRLC90 9-fold) and susceptible to pirimiphos-methyl (RRLC50 and RRLC90 < 5-fold). The population from Soledad was susceptible to temephos and pirimiphos-methyl (RRLC50 and RRLC90 < 5-fold) and showed moderate resistance to malathion (RRLC50 7.5-fold). It is important to emphasize that routine monitoring of insecticide resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus helps us detect resistance early and improve the effectiveness of control strategies.

In this paper, we address the problem of solving rearranging tasks using a robot. Rearranging tasks are challenging because they include many problems to solve at the same time, such as determining how to pick the items as well as planning how and where to place them. Solving a rearranging task usually consists of finding a set of pick-and-place instructions with a symbolic planner to perform the task. However, if the symbolic planner does not consider the robot’s capability to execute the instructions, it will likely generate many infeasible instructions, which wastes time in multiple trials and failures. Therefore, we propose to combine symbolic and motion planning to confirm a sequence of instructions before its execution by the robot. To achieve this combination, we use a Motion Feasibility Checker (MFC), which selects a set of feasible poses for the robot from a feasibility database. The MFC verifies that the instructions of the symbolic planning are valid and searches for a pick-and-place pair of poses to execute the instructions. We use a Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) as the symbolic planner, and we combine it with the MFC when creating or expanding the states in the tree. After the MCTS finds a set of instructions for the rearranging task, we execute those instructions with the robot. As these instructions were previously validated, the robot is able to execute them. The proposed method was tested in a simulation environment that reproduces the scenario of rearranging products on a shelf of a convenience store. The experiment results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional method in various initial states of increasing levels of difficulty.

Triatoma longipennis Usinger 1939, Triatoma pallidipennis (Stal, 1872), and Triatoma picturata Usinger 1939 are considered among the species with the highest transmission capacity of Chagas disease in Mexico, with an impact on health mainly in rural zones and places with worn-out dwellings. There have been previous studies on the phylogenetic relationship of these species of the Phyllosoma complex using molecular approaches, in addition to analyzing morphological characters. However, one of the problems in the field is the presence of hybrids that due to the short genetic distance between species, and such organisms have not yet been identified and could be confused with parental organisms. In this work, we analyzed genotypical and phenotypic characters, between the species and the three possible hybrids resulting from the cross between the species. In the analysis of wings morphology, we found that the dominant phenotype in hybrids was that of T. pallidipennis, having a higher dominance than T. longipennis. Besides, the use of the COI marker amplified in DNA of parentals and the three possible hybrids showed by neighbor-joining phylograms a greater association of the hybrids with T. longipennis, in agreement with the analysis of genetic distances and polymorphic sites. Thus, the morphological data demonstrate the high dominance of T. pallidipennis and the molecular data of T. longipennis in its hybrids, in such a way that it is possible to differentiate hybrids from parental species.

Commercial aerosolized insecticides can be implemented as a community-based approach to targeted indoor residual spraying against Aedes aegypti, but their efficacy on pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes has not yet been evaluated. Two commercial aerosolized products (H24 Poder Fulminante Ultra Eficaz®, carbamate, and Baygon Ultra Verde®, pyrethroid) were sprayed on common indoor surfaces e.g., cement, plywood, and cloth, and tested for their residual efficacy on susceptible and field-derived pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti strains using the WHO cone bioassays. Overall, ≥80% 24-h mortality was observed for both products for at least 4 wk regardless of the mosquito strain or surface type used. H24 Poder Fulminante Ultra Eficaz showed the highest residual potency, sustaining >80% mortality for 7-wk posttreatment regardless of mosquito strain and surface type. For Baygon Ultra Verde, the mean mortality of female Ae. aegypti remained >80% for a shorter period (4–6 wk). Nonpyrethroid commercial aerosolized formulations can provide a lasting residual effect indoors compatible with the need for rapid and lasting mosquito control during outbreaks and may be suitable for community-based targeted indoor residual spraying.

International audience; tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (tBuOOH) is a common intermediate in the oxidation of organic compounds that needs to be accurately quantified in complex gas mixtures for the development of chemical kinetic models of low temperature combustion. This work presents a combined theoretical and experimental investigation on the synchrotron-based VUV single photon ionization of gas-phase tBuOOH in the 9.0 - 11.0 eV energy range, including dissociative ionization processes. Computations consist of the determination of the structures, vibrational frequencies and the energetics of neutral and ionic tBuOOH. The Franck–Condon spectrum for the tBuOOH+ (X+) + e− ← tBuOOH (X) + hν transition is computed, where special treatment is undertaken because of the flexibility of tBuOOH, in particular regarding the OOH group. Through comparison of the experimental mass-selected threshold photoelectron spectra with explicitly correlated coupled cluster calculations and Franck–Condon simulations that account for the flexibility of the molecule, an estimation of the ionization energy is given. The appearance energy of the only fragment observed within the above-mentioned energy range, identified as the tert-butyl C4H9+, is also reported. Finally, the signal branching ratio between the parent and the fragment ions is provided as a function of photon energy, essential to quantify tBuOOH in gas-phase oxidation/combustion experiments via advanced mass spectrometry techniques.

In Mexico, Aedes podographicus is one of the most common species within the subgenus Protomacleaya of Aedes. This species has been collected in 12 states close to the coastal regions; however, few records confirm the presence of Ae. podographicus inland. During a mosquito-survey using ovitraps in the state of Nuevo León, Mexico, Ae. podographicus was collected in association with Ae. albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus. This is the first record of the presence of Ae. podographicus in Nuevo León. With the addition of Ae. podographicus to the mosquito fauna of Nuevo León, there are currently 66 species in the state, 19 within the genus Aedes and 6 within the subgenus Protomacleaya, the genus Aedes being the group with the major number of species in Nuevo León. Specimens collected during this study were deposited in the collection of insects and mites of medical importance of the Laboratory of Medical Entomology of the Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Mexico.

Introdução: O câncer associado à gravidez corresponde a toda neoplasia diagnosticada durante a gestação ou até 12 meses após o parto, e configura um evento raro. O câncer de colo uterino (CCU) é o tumor que mais se associa com a gravidez, e a quimioterapia é a abordagem terapêutica mais empregada no manejo da doença oncológica. Os agentes platinantes, sobretudo a cisplatina, principal quimioterápico utilizado na abordagem do CCU, possuem características nefrotóxicas e ototóxicas, além de interferir na fertilidade e apresentar potencial teratogênico. A radioterapia está estritamente relacionada com prejuízos à vascularização e consequente aumento da incidência de aborto. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos adversos de tratamentos oncológicos na gestação e na fertilidade da mulher. Material e métodos: Revisão narrativa da literatura, com buscas nas bases PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane, e Google Scholar, incluindo-se, publicações em português e inglês. Foram excluídos artigos que não se relacionavam com o tema e os publicados há mais de 10 anos, sendo selecionados 7 artigos para o estudo. Resultados: Cerca de 2% dos casos de CCU ocorrem em gestantes, sendo a abordagem quimioterápica voltada para regressão ou estabilização tumoral enquanto se aguarda a viabilidade fetal. A cisplatina é o quimioterápico mais utilizado, visto que menos de um terço da dose atravessa a placenta, sendo associada à vincristina ou paclitaxel mediante doença metastática. A radioterapia propicia falência ovariana transitória ou permanente (de acordo com a dose empregada), interfere na vascularização e no desenvolvimento uterino, favorecendo aborto, perda gestacional de segundo trimestre, parto pré-termo e baixo peso ao nascimento. Radioterapia pélvica em dosagens entre 5 e 10 Gy é tóxica devido à radiossensibilidade ovariana, mas os efeitos sobre o feto dependem da idade gestacional e da dose empregada. Doses inferiores a 10cGy não causam prejuízos ao feto, no entanto, a dose habitual empregada enquanto terapêutica oncológico é de 4.000cGy a 8.000cGy. Conclusão: É relativamente seguro administrar agentes antineoplásicos durante o segundo e o terceiro trimestres de gestação, mas no primeiro, pode ocasionar aborto espontâneo e maior risco de malformações fetais. E além dos possíveis riscos teratogênicos, a fertilidade também pode ser afetada pelos tratamentos oncológicos locais ou sistêmicos.

Investigadores da linha temática História, Filosofia e Sociologia da Ciência (HFSC) têm defendido há décadas que, sem uma discussão sobre temas relativos à natureza da ciência, o processo de ensino-aprendizagem nas disciplinas científicas ficará seriamente comprometido. Considerando a longa tradição dessa linha temática na pesquisa em educação em ciências, realizamos uma revisão bibliográfica que nos permitiu construir sua gênese e evidenciar tendências investigadas nas últimas décadas. Diante dos achados dessa revisão e a partir da filosofia da linguagem de Bakhtin e seu Círculo, buscamos identificar elementos de dialogicidade entre essa produção acadêmica na linha de HFSC e políticas públicas educacionais que estabelecem, ainda que de forma marginal, a necessidade de inclusão de discussões acerca da natureza da ciência no currículo escolar. Uma análise da Base Nacional Curricular Comum (BNCC), da Matriz de Referência do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) para a área de Ciências da Natureza e suas Tecnologias e da prova do ENEM aponta que há pouco diálogo entre tendências na produção acadêmica em HFSC e esses documentos. Em especial, o ENEM na área de Ciências da Natureza tem se mostrado cada vez mais direcionado ao conteúdo científico, afastando-se do tema da natureza da ciência. Researchers from the History, Philosophy and Sociology of Science (HPSS) thematic line have been arguing for decades that, without a discussion on topics related to the nature of science, the teaching-learning process in scientific disciplines will be seriously compromised. Considering the long tradition of this thematic line in science education research, we carried out a literature review that allowed us to build its genesis and highlight trends investigated in recent decades. In view of the findings of this review and from the philosophy of language of Bakhtin and his Circle, we seek to identify elements of dialogicality between this academic production in the line of HPSS and educational public policies that establish, albeit marginally, the need to include discussions about the nature of science in the school curriculum. An analysis of the National Common Curriculum Base (NCCB), of the Reference Matrix of the National High School Exam (NHSE) for the area of Natural Sciences and its Technologies and of the NHSE test points out that there is little dialogue between trends in academic production in HFSC and these documents. In particular, ENEM in the area of Natural Sciences has been increasingly directed to scientific content, moving away from the theme of the nature of science.

The egg parasitoid Telenomus fariai Costa Lima (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae), is reported for the first time in Veracruz, Mexico. Telenomus fariai was discovered in 2019 during a field collection of Triatoma dimidiata L. (Hemiptera, Reduviidae), representing the first report of its association with Tr. dimidiata in Mexico. This species is here redescribed and sequencing of a portion of the cytochrome oxidase 1 gene (COI) was performed to facilitate future identifications and to examine host associations between species of Telenomus Haliday and Reduviidae in a broader context.

The angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of isolated silver sulfide nanoparticles was carried out by using velocity map imaging technique at the DESIRS beamline of SOLEIL synchrotron facility. The reported spectroscopy results were obtained after interaction of the synchrotron radiation with a polydisperse aerosol produced from aqueous dispersion of silver sulfide particles, approximately 16 nm in diameter. The photoelectron and UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra were used to estimate the maximum energy of the valance- and the minimum energy of the conduction-band of the nanoparticles. With respect to the vacuum level, the obtained values were found to be 5.5±0.1 eV and 4.5±0.1 eV for the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum, respectively. The dependence of the asymmetry parameter on the electron energy along the silver sulfide valence band showed an onset of inelastic scattering at ~1 eV electron kinetic energy.

International audience; Chiral transition-metal complexes are of interest in many fields ranging from asymmetric catalysis and molecular materials science to optoelectronic applications or fundamental physics including parity violation effects. We present here a combined theoretical and experimental investigation of gas-phase valence-shell photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) on the challenging open-shell ruthenium(iii)-tris-(acetylacetonato) complex, Ru(acac)(3). Enantiomerically pure Delta- or ?-Ru(acac)(3), characterized by electronic circular dichroism (ECD), were vaporized and adiabatically expanded to produce a supersonic beam and photoionized by circularly-polarized VUV light from the DESIRS beamline at Synchrotron SOLEIL. Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and PECD experiments were conducted using a double imaging electron/ion coincidence spectrometer, and compared to density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations. The open-shell character of Ru(acac)(3), which is not taken into account in our DFT approach, is expected to give rise to a wide multiplet structure, which is not resolved in our PES signals but whose presence might be inferred from the additional striking features observed in the PECD curves. Nevertheless, the DFT-based assignment of the electronic bands leads to the characterisation of the ionized orbitals. In line with other recent works, the results confirm that PECD persists independently on the localization and/or on the achiral or chiral nature of the initial orbital, but is rather a probe of the molecular potential as a whole. Overall, the measured PECD signals on Ru(acac)(3), a system exhibiting D-3 propeller-type chirality, are of similar magnitude compared to those on asymmetric-carbon-based chiral organic molecules which constitute the vast majority of species investigated so far, thus suggesting that PECD is a universal mechanism, inherent to any type of chirality.

In Mexico, Aedes aegypti (L.) is the primary dengue vector, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. The continued use of synthetic pyrethroids has led to the development of resistance in target populations, which has diminished the effectiveness of vector control programs. Resistance has been associated with disadvantages that affect the biological parameters of resistant mosquitoes compared to susceptible ones. In the present study, the disadvantages were evaluated by parameters related to survival and reproduction (‘fitness cost’) after selection with deltamethrin for five generations. The parameters analyzed were the length of the development cycle, sex ratio, survival, longevity, fecundity, egg viability, preoviposition, oviposition and postoviposition periods, and growth parameters. In the deltamethrin-selected strain, there was a decrease in the development cycle duration, the percentage of pupae, the oviposition period, and eggs viability. Although mean daily fecundity was not affected after the selection process, this, together with the decrease in the survival and fecundity levels by specific age, significantly affected the gross reproductive rate (GRR), net reproductive rate (Ro), and intrinsic growth rate (rm) of the group selected for five generations with deltamethrin compared to the group without selection. Identifying the ‘cost’ of resistance in biological fitness represents an advantage if it is desired to limit the spread of resistant populations since the fitness cost is the less likely that resistant individuals will spread in the population. This represents an important factor to consider in designing integrated vector management programs.

Introdução: Várias espécies têm sido estudadas ao longo dos anos para determinação de seu potencial como agentes de controle biológico, principalmente para insetos com comportamento de fuga/escape. Dentre esses agentes em estudo, encontramos os nematóides. Esses nematodos são reproduzidos e comercializados em alguns locais do globo, como agentes de controle biológico de sucesso, conquistando pesquisadores e aguçando a curiosidade de grandes, médios e pequenos produtores, principalmente em produtores orgânicos, por serem um eficiente método de controle de pragas. Objetivos: O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar os resultados e perspectivas do controle biológico de insetos por nematoides entomopatogênicos no Brasil. Materiais e Métodos: levantamento bibliográfico de informações atuais sobre o tema. O entendimento de cada peculiaridade das espécies alvo e dos isolados, suas características biológicas e ecológicas, e a busca por adaptações ou o desenvolvimento de métodos de aplicação a criação de formulações comerciais, a divulgação aberta de pesquisas com estes agentes, elaboração de palestras sobre o tema, e outros fatores extensionista vão aumentar a eficiência, interesse e procura pelos NEPs no controle de pragas agrícolas. Resultados: No Brasil, poucas são as pesquisas realizadas com este tipo de nematoide, porém a disseminação dos estudos, dos resultados positivos de pesquisas, tem aguçado a curiosidade do público, contribuindo com o relativo aumento pela procura aos nematoides benéficos a agricultura. O principal obstáculo entre os NEPS e o produtor, se dá pelo baixo número de empresas que comercializam e produzam esses nematoides, comprometendo a aplicação em larga escala no campo. Podemos adicionar como desafio desta comercialização, o fator cultural. Isso se dá pela falta de informações, em que muitas vezes no meio agrícola, quando abordamos o assunto nematoides, em primeiro momento o que se "vem à cabeça" do ouvinte faz referência aos fitoparasitas. Conclusão: Outros fatores ainda precisam ser analisados, como o custo final do produto, processo de registro, produção em massa, fatores essenciais para alavancar o estabelecimento de produção dos NEPs por empresas, e expandir em todo território seu uso como uma ferramenta de controle biológico.