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3. H2SO4 photolysis: A souce of sulfur dioxide in the upper stratosphere

Author

Rinsland, C. P, Gunson, M. R, Ko, M. K. W, Weisenstein, D. W, Zander, R, Abrams, M. C, Goldman, A, Sze, N. D, and Yue, G. K

Subjects
Environment Pollution
Abstract

Numerous absoption lines of stratospheric sulfer dioxide (SO2) were identified in solar occulation spectra recorded by the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) Fourier transform spectrometer during the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS)-1 shuttle mission (March 24-April 2, 1992). based on their analysis, a volume mixing ratio profile of SO2 increasing from (13 +/- 4) p.p.t.v. (parts per 10(exp -12) by volume) at 16 mbar (approximately 28 km) to 455 +/- 90 p.p.t.v. at 0.63 mbar (approximately 52 km) was measured with no significant profile differences between 20 deg N and 60 deg S latitude. The increase in the SO2 mixing ratios with altitude indicates the presence of a source of SO2 in the upper stratosphere. Profiles retrieved from ATMOS spectra recorded during shuttle flights in April-May 1985 and April 1993 show similar vertical distributions but lower concentrations. Two-dimensional model calculations with SO2 assumed as the end product of H2SO4 photolysis produce SO2 profiles consistent with the ATMOS measuremnts to within about a factor 2.

Published
1995
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4. Hydrochloric acid and the chlorine budget of the lower statosphere

Author

Webster, C. R, May, R. D, Jaegle, L, Hu, H, Sander, S. P, Gunson, M. R, Toon, G. C, Russell, J. M., III, Stimpfle, R. M, and Koplow, J. P

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

Concentrations of HCl measurements in the lower stratosphere in 1993 by the ALIAS instrument on the ER-2 aircraft reveal that only 40% of inorganic chlorine (Cl(y), inferred from in situ measurements of organic chlorinated sources gases) is present as HCl, significantly lower than model predictions. Although the sum of measured HCl, ClO and ClONO2, the latter inferred from measurements of ClO and NO2 equals Cl(y) to within the incertainty of measurement, it is systematically less than Cl(y) by 30-50%. This discrepancy suggests that concentrations of ClONO2 may exceed those of HC; near 20 km altitude, consistent with a slower photolysis rate for ClONO2 than calculated using recommended cross sections. Comparison of profiles of HCl measured during 1992 and 1193 at mid-latitudes by balloon (BLISS and MARKIV), space shuttle (ATMOS), and satellite (HALOE) instruments with the aircraft data reveal an apparent pressure dependence to the HCl to Cl(y) ratio, consistent with a factor of 3-10 reduction in the photolysis rate for ClONO2 at ER-2 altitudes. However, the diurnal variation of ClO is well-simulated by models using the recommended photolysis rate, and simulations measurements of ClONO2 and HCl at mid-latitudes by ATMOS and MARKIV report HCl (HCL+ ClONO2) ratios greater than or equal to 50%. Premliminary measurements by ALIAS in the southern hemisphere report HCl/Cl(y) values of about 75%.

Published
1994
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5. Comparisons of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) X$_{CO_{2}}$ measurements with TCCON

Author

Wunch, D., Wennberg, P. O., Osterman, G., Fisher, B., Naylor, B., Roehl, M. C., O’Dell, C., Mandrake, L., Viatte, C., Kiel, M., Griffith, D. W. T., Deutscher, N. M., Velazco, V. A., Notholt, J., Warneke, T., Petri, C., Maziere, M. De, Sha, M. K., Sussmann, R., Rettinger, M., Pollard, D., Robinson, J., Morino, I., Uchino, O., Hase, F., Blumenstock, T., Feist, D. G., Arnold, S. G., Strong, K., Mendonca, J., Kivi, R., Heikkinen, P., Iraci, L., Podolske, J., Hillyard, P., Kawakami, S., Dubey, M. K., Parker, H. A., Sepulveda, E., García, O. E., Te, Y., Jeseck, P., Gunson, M. R., Crisp, D., and Eldering, A.

Subjects
Earth sciences, ddc:550
Abstract

NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) has been measuring carbon dioxide column-averaged dry-air mole fraction, X$_{CO_{2}}$, in the Earth's atmosphere for over 2 years. In this paper, we describe the comparisons between the first major release of the OCO-2 retrieval algorithm (B7r) and X$_{CO_{2}}$ from OCO-2's primary ground-based validation network: the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). The OCO-2 X$_{CO_{2}}$ retrievals, after filtering and bias correction, agree well when aggregated around and coincident with TCCON data in nadir, glint, and target observation modes, with absolute median differences less than 0.4 ppm and RMS differences less than 1.5 ppm. After bias correction, residual biases remain. These biases appear to depend on latitude, surface properties, and scattering by aerosols. It is thus crucial to continue measurement comparisons with TCCON to monitor and evaluate the OCO-2 X$_{CO_{2}}$ data quality throughout its mission.

Published
2017
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6. The fundamental quadrupole band of (N-14)2 - Line positions from high-resolution stratospheric solar absorption spectra

Author

Rinsland, C. P, Zander, R, Goldman, A, Murcray, F. J, Murcray, D. G, Gunson, M. R, and Farmer, C. B

Subjects
Atomic And Molecular Physics
Abstract

Accurate measurements of the positions of O- and S-branch lines of the (1-0) vibration-rotation quadrupole band of molecular nitrogen (N-14)2 are reported. Improved Dunham coefficients were derived from a simultaneous least squares analysis of these measurements and selected infrared and far infrared data. The new measurements were performed using stratospheric solar occultation spectra recorded with Fourier transform spectrometer instruments, operated at unapodized spectral resolutions of 0.002 and 0.01/cm.

Published
1991
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7. Validation of nitric acid retrieved by the IMK-IAA processor from MIPAS/ENVISAT measurements

Author

Wang, D. Y., Höpfner, M., Gizaw Mengistu Tsidu, Stiller, G. P., Clarmann, T., Fischer, H., Blumenstock, T., Glatthor, N., Grabowski, U., Hase, F., Kellmann, S., Linden, A., Milz, M., Oelhaf, H., Schneider, M., Steck, T., Wetzel, G., López-Puertas, M., Funke, B., Koukouli, M. E., Nakajima, H., Sugita, T., Irie, H., Urban, J., Murtagh, D., Santee, M. L., Toon, G., Gunson, M. R., Irion, F. W., Boone, C. D., Walker, K., Bernath, P. F., Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe und Universität Karlsruhe, Physics Department [UNB], University of New Brunswick (UNB), Department of Physics, Okayama University, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Physics Department, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Frontier Research Center for Global Change (FRCGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Chemistry [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], EGU, Publication, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 13. Climate action, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract

International audience; The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) onboard the ENVISAT satellite provides profiles of temperature and various trace-gases from limb-viewing mid-infrared emission measurements. The stratospheric nitric acid (HNO3) from September 2002 to March 2004 was retrieved from the MIPAS observations using the science-oriented data processor developed at the Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung (IMK), which is complemented by the component of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) treatment from the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA). The IMK-IAA research product, different from the ESA operational product, is validated in this paper by comparison with a number of reference data sets. Individual HNO3 profiles of the IMK-IAA MIPAS show good agreement with those of the balloon-borne version of MIPAS (MIPAS-B) and the infrared spectrometer MkIV, with small differences of less than 0.5 ppbv throughout the entire altitude range up to about 38 km, and below 0.2 ppbv above 30 km. However, the degree of consistency is largely affected by their temporal and spatial coincidence, and differences of 1 to 2 ppbv may be observed between 22 and 26 km at high latitudes near the vortex boundary, due to large horizontal inhomogeneity of HNO3. Statistical comparisons of MIPAS IMK-IAA HNO3 VMRs with respect to those of satellite measurements of Odin/SMR, ILAS-II, ACE-FTS, as well as the MIPAS ESA product show good consistency. The mean differences are generally ±0.5 ppbv and standard deviations of the differences are of 0.5 to 1.5 ppbv. The maximum differences are 2.0 ppbv around 20 to 25 km. This gives confidence in the general reliability of MIPAS HNO3 VMR data and the other three satellite data sets.

Published
2006

8. Validation of nitric acid retrieved by the IMK-IAA processor from MIPAS/ENVISAT measurements

Author

Wang, D.Y., Höpfner, M., Mengistu Tsidu, G., Stiller, G.P., von Clarmann, T., Fischer, H., Blumenstock, T., Glatthor, N., Grabowski, U., Hase, F., Kellmann, S., Linden, A., Milz, Mathias, Oelhaf, H., Schneider, M., Steck, T., Wetzel, G., Lopez-Puertas, M., Funke, B., Koukouli, M. E., Nakajima, H., Sugita, T., Irie, H., Urban, J., Murtagh, D., Santee, M. L., Toon, G., Gunson, M. R., Irion, F. W., Boone, C. D., Walker, K., Bernath, P. F., Wang, D.Y., Höpfner, M., Mengistu Tsidu, G., Stiller, G.P., von Clarmann, T., Fischer, H., Blumenstock, T., Glatthor, N., Grabowski, U., Hase, F., Kellmann, S., Linden, A., Milz, Mathias, Oelhaf, H., Schneider, M., Steck, T., Wetzel, G., Lopez-Puertas, M., Funke, B., Koukouli, M. E., Nakajima, H., Sugita, T., Irie, H., Urban, J., Murtagh, D., Santee, M. L., Toon, G., Gunson, M. R., Irion, F. W., Boone, C. D., Walker, K., and Bernath, P. F.

Abstract

The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) onboard the ENVISAT satellite provides profiles of temperature and various trace-gases from limb-viewing mid-infrared emission measurements. The stratospheric nitric acid (HNO3) from September 2002 to March 2004 was retrieved from the MIPAS observations using the science-oriented data processor developed at the Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung (IMK), which is complemented by the component of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) treatment from the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA). The IMK-IAA research product, different from the ESA operational product, is validated in this paper by comparison with a number of reference data sets. Individual HNO3 profiles of the IMK-IAA MIPAS show good agreement with those of the balloon-borne version of MIPAS (MIPAS-B) and the infrared spectrometer MkIV, with small differences of less than 0.5 ppbv throughout the entire altitude range up to about 38 km, and below 0.2 ppbv above 30 km. However, the degree of consistency is largely affected by their temporal and spatial coincidence, and differences of 1 to 2 ppbv may be observed between 22 and 26 km at high latitudes near the vortex boundary, due to large horizontal inhomogeneity of HNO3. Statistical comparisons of MIPAS IMK-IAA HNO3 VMRs with respect to those of satellite measurements of Odin/SMR, ILAS-II, ACE-FTS, as well as the MIPAS ESA product show good consistency. The mean differences are generally ±0.5 ppbv and standard deviations of the differences are of 0.5 to 1.5 ppbv. The maximum differences are 2.0 ppbv around 20 to 25 km. This gives confidence in the general reliability of MIPAS HNO3 VMR data and the other three satellite data sets., Upprättat; 2007; 20071113 (mmilz)

Published
2007
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9. Stratospheric observations of CH_3D and HDO from ATMOS infrared solar spectra: Enrichments of deuterium in methane and implications for HD

Author

Irion, F. W., Moyer, E. J., Gunson, M. R., Rinsland, C. P., Yung, Y. L., Michelsen, H. A., Salawitch, R. J., Chang, A. Y., Newchurch, M. J., Abbas, M. M., Abrams, M. C., and Zander, R.

Abstract

Stratospheric mixing ratios of CH_3D from 100 mb to 17 mb (≈ 15 to 28 km) and HDO from 100 mb to 10 mb (≈ 15 to 32 km) have been inferred from high resolution solar occultation infrared spectra from the Atmospheric Trace MOlecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) Fourier-transform interferometer. The spectra, taken on board the Space Shuttle during the Spacelab 3 and ATLAS-1, -2, and -3 missions, extend in latitude from 70°S to 65°N. We find CH_3D entering the stratosphere at an average mixing ratio of (9.9±0.8) × 10^(−10) with a D/H ratio in methane (7.1±7.4)% less than that in Standard Mean Ocean Water (SMOW) (1σ combined precision and systematic error). In the mid to lower stratosphere, the average lifetime of CH_3D is found to be (1.19±0.02) times that of CH_4, resulting in an increasing D/H ratio in methane as air “ages” and the methane mixing ratio decreases. We find an average of (1.0±0.1) molecules of stratospheric HDO are produced for each CH_3D destroyed (1σ combined precision and systematic error), indicating that the rate of HDO production is approximately equal to the rate of CH_3D destruction. Assuming negligible amounts of deuterium in species other than HDO, CH_3D and HD, this limits the possible change in the stratospheric HD mixing ratio below about 10 mb to be ±0.1 molecules HD created per molecule CH_3D destroyed.

Published
1996

10. Stratospheric NO and NO_2 abundances from ATMOS Solar-Occultation Measurements

Author

Newchurch, M. J., Allen, M., Gunson, M. R., Salawitch, R. J., Collins, G. B., Huston, K. H., Abbas, M. M., Abrams, M. C., Chang, A. Y., Fahey, D. W., Gao, R. S., Irion, F. W., Loewenstein, M., Manney, G. L., Michelsen, H. A., Podolske, J. R., Rinsland, C. P., and Zander, R.

Abstract

Using results from a time-dependent photochemical model to calculate the diurnal variation of NO and NO_2, we have corrected Atmospheric Trace MOlecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) solar-occultation retrievals of the NO and NO_2 abundances at 90° solar zenith angle. Neglecting to adjust for the rapid variation of these gases across the terminator results in potential errors in retrieved profiles of ∼20% for NO_2 and greater than 100% for NO at altitudes below 25 km. Sensitivity analysis indicates that knowledge of the local O_3 and temperature profiles, rather than zonal mean or climatological conditions of these quantities, is required to obtain reliable retrievals of NO and NO_2 in the lower stratosphere. Extremely inaccurate O_3 or temperature values at 20 km can result in 50% errors in retrieved NO or NO_2. Mixing ratios of NO in the mid-latitude, lower stratosphere measured by ATMOS during the November 1994 ATLAS-3 mission compare favorably with in situ ER-2 observations, providing strong corroboration of the reliability of the adjusted space-borne measurements.

Published
1996

11. 1995 atmospheric trace molecule spectroscopy (ATMOS) linelist

Author

Brown, L. R., Gunson, M. R., Toth, R. A., Irion, F. W., Rinsland, C. P., and Goldman, A.

Subjects
Caltech Library Services
Abstract

The Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) experiment uses a Fourier-transform spectrometer on board the Space Shuttle to record infrared solar occultation spectra of the atmosphere at 0.01-cm^(-1) resolution. The current version of the molecular spectroscopic database used for the analysis of the data obtained during three Space Shuttle missions between 1992 and 1994 is described. It is an extension of the effort first described by Brown et al. [Appl. Opt. 26, 5154 (1987)] to maintain an up-to-date database for the ATMOS experiment. The three-part ATMOS compilation contains Line parameters of 49 molecular species between 0 and 10000 cm^(-1), The main list, with nearly 700,000 entries, is an updated version of the HITRAN 1992 database. The second compilation contains supplemental line parameters, and the third set consists of absorption cross sections to represent the unresolvable features of heavy molecules. The differences between the ATMOS database and other public compilations are discussed.

Published
1996

13. Validation of nitric acid retrieved by the IMK-IAA processor from MIPAS/ENVISAT measurements

Author

Wang, D. Y., primary, Höpfner, M., additional, Mengistu Tsidu, G., additional, Stiller, G. P., additional, von Clarmann, T., additional, Fischer, H., additional, Blumenstock, T., additional, Glatthor, N., additional, Grabowski, U., additional, Hase, F., additional, Kellmann, S., additional, Linden, A., additional, Milz, M., additional, Oelhaf, H., additional, Schneider, M., additional, Steck, T., additional, Wetzel, G., additional, López-Puertas, M., additional, Funke, B., additional, Koukouli, M. E., additional, Nakajima, H., additional, Sugita, T., additional, Irie, H., additional, Urban, J., additional, Murtagh, D., additional, Santee, M. L., additional, Toon, G., additional, Gunson, M. R., additional, Irion, F. W., additional, Boone, C. D., additional, Walker, K., additional, and Bernath, P. F., additional

Published
2007
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14. Subsidence, mixing, and denitrification of Arctic polar vortex air measured during POLARIS

Author

Rex, M., Rex, M., Salawitch, R. J., Toon, G. C., Sen, B., Margitan, J. J., Osterman, G. B., Blavier, J. F., Gao, R. S., Donnelly, S., Keim, E., Neuman, J., Fahey, D. W., Webster, C. R., Scott, D. C., Herman, R. L., May, R. D., Moyer, E. J., Gunson, M. R., Irion, F. W., Chang, A. Y., Rinsland, C. P., Bui, T. P., Rex, M., Rex, M., Salawitch, R. J., Toon, G. C., Sen, B., Margitan, J. J., Osterman, G. B., Blavier, J. F., Gao, R. S., Donnelly, S., Keim, E., Neuman, J., Fahey, D. W., Webster, C. R., Scott, D. C., Herman, R. L., May, R. D., Moyer, E. J., Gunson, M. R., Irion, F. W., Chang, A. Y., Rinsland, C. P., and Bui, T. P.

Abstract

We determine the degree of denitrification that occurred during the 1996-1997 Arctic winter using a technique that is based on balloon and aircraft borne measurements of NOy, N2O, and CH4. The NOy/N2O relation can undergo significant change due to isentropic mixing of subsided vortex air masses with extravortex air due to the high nonlinearity of the relation. These transport related reductions in NOy can be difficult to distinguish from the effects of denitrification caused by sedimentation of condensed HNO3. In this study, high-altitude balloon measurements are used to define the properties of air masses that later descend in the polar vortex to altitudes sampled by the ER-2 aircraft (i.e., ∼20 km) and mix isentropically with extravortex air. Observed correlations of CH4 and N2O are used to quantify the degree of subsidence and mixing for individual air masses. On the basis of these results the expected mixing ratio of NOy resulting from subsidence and mixing, defined here as NOy**, is calculated and compared with the measured mixing ratio of NOy. Values of NOy and NOy** agree well during most parts of the flights. A slight deficit of NOy versus NOy** is found only for a limited region during the ER-2 flight on April 26, 1997. This deficit is interpreted as indication for weak denitrification (∼2-3 ppbv) in that air mass. The small degree of denitrification is consistent with the general synoptic-scale temperature history of the sampled air masses, which did not encounter temperatures below the frostpoint and had relatively brief encounters with temperatures below the nitric acid trihydrate equilibrium temperature. Much larger degrees of denitrification would have been inferred if mixing effects had been ignored, which is the traditional approach to diagnose denitrification. Our analysis emphasizes the importance of using other correlations of conserved species to be able to accurately interpret changes in the NOy/N2O relation with respect to denitrification. Copy

Published
1999

15. Subsidence, mixing and denitrification of Arctic polar vortex air measured during POLARIS

Author

Rex, Markus, Salawitch, R. J., Toon, G. C., Sen, B., Margitan, J. J., Osterman, G. B., Balvier, J.-F., Gao, R. S., Donelly, S., Keim, E., Neumann, J., Fahey, D. W., Webster, C. R., Scott, D. C., Herman, R. L., May, R. D., Moyer, E. J., Gunson, M. R., Irion, F. W., Chang, A. Y., Rinsland, C. P., Bui, T. P., Rex, Markus, Salawitch, R. J., Toon, G. C., Sen, B., Margitan, J. J., Osterman, G. B., Balvier, J.-F., Gao, R. S., Donelly, S., Keim, E., Neumann, J., Fahey, D. W., Webster, C. R., Scott, D. C., Herman, R. L., May, R. D., Moyer, E. J., Gunson, M. R., Irion, F. W., Chang, A. Y., Rinsland, C. P., and Bui, T. P.

Abstract

We determine the degree of denitrification that occurred during the 1996-1997 Arctic winter using a technique that is based on balloon and aircraft borne measurements of NOy, N2O, and CH4. The NOy/N2O relation can undergo significant change due to isentropic mixing of subsided vortex air masses with extravortex air due to the high nonlinearity of the relation. These transport related reductions in NOy can be difficult to distinguish from the effects of denitrification caused by sedimentation of condensed HNO3. In this study, high-altitude balloon measurements are used to define the properties of air masses that later descend in the polar vortex to altitudes sampled by the ER-2 aircraft (i.e., ~20 km) and mix isentropically with extravortex air. Observed correlations of CH4 and N2O are used to quantify the degree of subsidence and mixing for individual air masses. On the basis of these results the expected mixing ratio of NOy resulting from subsidence and mixing, defined here as NOy**, is calculated and compared with the measured mixing ratio of NOy. Values of NOy and NOy** agree well during most parts of the flights. A slight deficit of NOy versus NOy** is found only for a limited region during the ER-2 flight on April 26, 1997. This deficit is interpreted as indication for weak denitrification (~2-3 ppbv) in that air mass. The small degree of denitrification is consistent with the general synoptic-scale temperature history of the sampled air masses, which did not encounter temperatures below the frostpoint and had relatively brief encounters with temperatures below the nitric acid trihydrate equilibrium temperature. Much larger degrees of denitrification would have been inferred if mixing effects had been ignored, which is the traditional approach to diagnose denitrification. Our analysis emphasizes the importance of using other correlations of conserved species to be able to accurately interpret changes in the NOy/N2O relation with respect to denitrification.

Published
1999

16. Halogen occultation experiment ozone channel validation

Author

Brühl, C., Drayson, S. R., Russell, J. M., Crutzen, P. J., Mcinerney, J. M., Purcell, P. N., Claude, H., Gernandt, Hartwig, Mcgee, T. J., Mcdermid, I. S., Gunson, M. R., Brühl, C., Drayson, S. R., Russell, J. M., Crutzen, P. J., Mcinerney, J. M., Purcell, P. N., Claude, H., Gernandt, Hartwig, Mcgee, T. J., Mcdermid, I. S., and Gunson, M. R.

Published
1996

18. Intercomparison of ATMOS, SAGE II, and ER‐2 Observations in Arctic Vortex and Extra‐Vortex Air Masses during Spring 1993

Author

Michelsen, H. A., primary, Manney, G. L., additional, Webster, C. R., additional, May, R. D., additional, Gunson, M. R., additional, Baumgardner, D., additional, Kelly, K. K., additional, Loewenstein, M., additional, Podolske, J. R., additional, Proffitt, M. H., additional, Wofsy, S. C., additional, and Yue, G. K., additional

Published
1999
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20. Stratospheric NO and NO2 abundances from ATMOS Solar‐Occultation Measurements

Author

Newchurch, M. J., primary, Allen, M., additional, Gunson, M. R., additional, Salawitch, R. J., additional, Collins, G. B., additional, Huston, K. H., additional, Abbas, M. M., additional, Abrams, M. C., additional, Chang, A. Y., additional, Fahey, D. W., additional, Gao, R. S., additional, Irion, F. W., additional, Loewenstein, M., additional, Manney, G. L., additional, Michelsen, H. A., additional, Podolske, J. R., additional, Rinsland, C. P., additional, and Zander, R., additional

Published
1996
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21. ATMOS/ATLAS-3 measurements of stratospheric chlorine and reactive nitrogen partitioning inside and outside the November 1994 Antarctic Vortex

Author

Rinsland, C. P., primary, Gunson, M. R., additional, Salawitch, R. J., additional, Michelsen, H. A., additional, Zander, R., additional, Newchurch, M. J., additional, Abbas, M. M., additional, Abrams, M. C., additional, Manney, G. L., additional, Chang, A. Y., additional, Irion, F. W., additional, Goldman, A., additional, and Mahieu, E., additional

Published
1996
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23. A comparison of measurements from ATMOS and instruments aboard the ER-2 aircraft: Tracers of atmospheric transport

Author

Chang, A. Y., primary, Salawitch, R. J., additional, Michelsen, H. A., additional, Gunson, M. R., additional, Abrams, M. C., additional, Zander, R., additional, Rinsland, C. P., additional, Loewenstein, M., additional, Podolske, J. R., additional, Proffitt, M. H., additional, Margitan, J. J., additional, Fahey, D. W., additional, Gao, R.-S., additional, Kelly, K. K., additional, Elkins, J. W., additional, Webster, C. R., additional, May, R. D., additional, Chan, K. R., additional, Abbas, M. M., additional, Goldman, A., additional, Irion, F. W., additional, Manney, G. L., additional, Newchurch, M. J., additional, and Stiller, G. P., additional

Published
1996
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24. ATMOS/ATLAS‐3 observations of long‐lived tracers and descent in the Antarctic Vortex in November 1994

Author

Abrams, M. C., primary, Manney, G. L., additional, Gunson, M. R., additional, Abbas, M. M., additional, Chang, A. Y., additional, Goldman, A., additional, Irion, F. W., additional, Michelsen, H. A., additional, Newchurch, M. J., additional, Rinsland, C. P., additional, Salawitch, R. J., additional, Stiller, G. P., additional, and Zander, R., additional

Published
1996
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25. Trends of OCS, HCN, SF6, CHClF2 (HCFC‐22) in the lower stratosphere from 1985 and 1994 Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy Experiment measurements near 30°N latitude

Author

Rinsland, C. P., primary, Mahieu, E., additional, Zander, R., additional, Gunson, M. R., additional, Salawitch, R. J., additional, Chang, A. Y., additional, Goldman, A., additional, Abrams, M. C., additional, Abbas, M. M., additional, Newchurch, M. J., additional, and Irion, F. W., additional

Published
1996
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26. ATMOS measurements of H2O+2CH4and total reactive nitrogen in the November 1994 Antarctic stratosphere: Dehydration and denitrification in the vortex

Author

Rinsland, C. P., primary, Gunson, M. R., additional, Salawitch, R. J., additional, Newchurch, M. J., additional, Zander, R., additional, Abbas, M. M., additional, Abrams, M. C., additional, Manney, G. L., additional, Michelsen, H. A., additional, Chang, A. Y., additional, and Goldman, A., additional

Published
1996
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27. The 1994 northern midlatitude budget of stratospheric chlorine derived from ATMOS/ATLAS‐3 observations

Author

Zander, R., primary, Mahieu, E., additional, Gunson, M. R., additional, Abrams, M. C., additional, Chang, A. Y., additional, Abbas, M., additional, Aellig, C., additional, Engel, A., additional, Goldman, A., additional, Irion, F. W., additional, Kämpfer, N., additional, Michelson, H. A., additional, Newchurch, M. J., additional, Rinsland, C. P., additional, Salawitch, R. J., additional, Stiller, G. P., additional, and Toon, G. C., additional

Published
1996
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28. A comparison of measurements from ATMOS and instruments aboard the ER-2 aircraft: Halogenated gases

Author

Chang, A. Y., primary, Salawitch, R. J., additional, Michelsen, H. A., additional, Gunson, M. R., additional, Abrams, M. C., additional, Zander, R., additional, Rinsland, C. P., additional, Elkins, J. W., additional, Dutton, G. S., additional, Volk, C. M., additional, Webster, C. R., additional, May, R. D., additional, Fahey, D. W., additional, Gao, R.-S., additional, Loewenstein, M., additional, Podolske, J. R., additional, Stimpfle, R. M., additional, Kohn, D. W., additional, Proffitt, M. H., additional, Margitan, J. J., additional, Chan, K. R., additional, Abbas, M. M., additional, Goldman, A., additional, Irion, F. W., additional, Manney, G. L., additional, Newchurch, M. J., additional, and Stiller, G. P., additional

Published
1996
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29. Seasonal variations of water vapor in the lower stratosphere inferred from ATMOS/ATLAS‐3 measurements of H2O and CH4

Author

Abbas, M. M., primary, Michelsen, H. A., additional, Gunson, M. R., additional, Abrams, M. C., additional, Newchurch, M. J., additional, Salawitch, R. J., additional, Chang, A. Y., additional, Goldman, A., additional, Irion, F. W., additional, Manney, G. L., additional, Moyer, E. J., additional, Nagaraju, R., additional, Rinsland, C. P., additional, Stiller, G. P., additional, and Zander, R., additional

Published
1996
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30. Stratospheric chlorine partitioning: Constraints from shuttle-borne measurements of [HCl], [ClNO3], and [ClO]

Author

Michelsen, H. A., primary, Salawitch, R. J., additional, Gunson, M. R., additional, Aellig, C., additional, Kämpfer, N., additional, Abbas, M. M., additional, Abrams, M. C., additional, Brown, T. L., additional, Chang, A. Y., additional, Goldman, A., additional, Irion, F. W., additional, Newchurch, M. J., additional, Rinsland, C. P., additional, Stiller, G. P., additional, and Zander, R., additional

Published
1996
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32. Stratospheric observations of CH3D and HDO from ATMOS infrared solar spectra: Enrichments of deuterium in methane and implications for HD

Author

Irion, F. W., primary, Moyer, E. J., additional, Gunson, M. R., additional, Rinsland, C. P., additional, Yung, Y. L., additional, Michelsen, H. A., additional, Salawitch, R. J., additional, Chang, A. Y., additional, Newchurch, M. J., additional, Abbas, M. M., additional, Abrams, M. C., additional, and Zander, R., additional

Published
1996
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33. Trace gas transport in the Arctic Vortex inferred from ATMOS ATLAS-2 observations during April 1993

Author

Abrams, M. C., primary, Manney, G. L., additional, Gunson, M. R., additional, Abbas, M. M., additional, Chang, A. Y., additional, Goldman, A., additional, Irion, F. W., additional, Michelsen, H. A., additional, Newchurch, M. J., additional, Rinsland, C. P., additional, Salawitch, R. J., additional, Stiller, G. P., additional, and Zander, R., additional

Published
1996
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35. The Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) Experiment: Deployment on the ATLAS space shuttle missions

Author

Gunson, M. R., primary, Abbas, M. M., additional, Abrams, M. C., additional, Allen, M., additional, Brown, L. R., additional, Brown, T. L., additional, Chang, A. Y., additional, Goldman, A., additional, Irion, F. W., additional, Lowes, L. L., additional, Mahieu, E., additional, Manney, G. L., additional, Michelsen, H. A., additional, Newchurch, M. J., additional, Rinsland, C. P., additional, Salawitch, R. J., additional, Stiller, G. P., additional, Toon, G. C., additional, Yung, Y. L., additional, and Zander, R., additional

Published
1996
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36. The hydrogen budget of the stratosphere inferred from ATMOS measurements of H2O and CH4

Author

Abbas, M. M., primary, Gunson, M. R., additional, Newchurch, M. J., additional, Michelsen, H. A., additional, Salawitch, R. J., additional, Allen, M., additional, Abrams, M. C., additional, Chang, A. Y., additional, Goldman, A., additional, Irion, F. W., additional, Moyer, E. J., additional, Nagaraju, R., additional, Rinsland, C. P., additional, Stiller, G. P., additional, and Zander, R., additional

Published
1996
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37. On the assessment and uncertainty of atmospheric trace gas burden measurements with high resolution infrared solar occultation spectra from space by the ATMOS Experiment

Author

Abrams, M. C., primary, Chang, A. Y., additional, Gunson, M. R., additional, Abbas, M. M., additional, Goldman, A., additional, Irion, F. W., additional, Michelson, H. A., additional, Newchurch, M. J., additional, Rinsland, C. P., additional, Stiller, G. P., additional, and Zander, R., additional

Published
1996
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