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Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Informacion Tecnica Economica Agraria is the property of Asociacion Interprofesional para el Desarrollo Agrario (AIDA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The production of fig (Ficus carica L.) in Mexico has become very important in recent years, due to the growing demand in the international market. The state of Morelos stands out as the main fig producer nationwide. The municipalities of Villa de Ayala, Tepalcingo and Axochiapan concentrate the highest productivity, however, serious affectations by some diseases such as rust caused by Cerotelium fici (Butler) Arthur have caused losses in crop yield. The objective of the work was to determine the incidence and severity of this disease, in two periods during the crop cycle. Representative samples with symptoms were taken in commercial plots of three municipalities in the state of Morelos. The incidence of the fungus and its severity were evaluated using a visual estimation scale, during February-March and August-October 2019. Six evaluations were made with weekly frequency during the cycle. The fungus was morphologically identified using taxonomic keys. The presence of C. fici uredospores was confirmed and it was determined that rust was present in both periods, with a higher incidence in the months of February and March (dry period). The municipalities of Villa de Ayala and Axochiapan, had the greatest affectations with 45 to 70 % severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strawberry production has increased in Mexico, due to its taste, nutrition and high economic income. In Morelos, the production is affected by the strawberry dry wilt, a frequent disease in this crop that causes significant losses above 50% the production. The objective of this work was to identify the causal agent of the strawberry drier, perform pathogenicity tests from the isolate and compare against an isolated strain already identified, evaluate inoculation methods and observe the damage to the roots for this purpose they were analyzed plants with typical symptoms of the disease from a commercial plot were analyzed from June 2018. The identification of the fungus was made by cultural and morphological characteristics and compared with a strain of Fusarium oxysporum from Celaya, Guanajuato. The results show that the causal agent of the strawberry drier in Morelos is Fusarium oxysporum. The pathogenicity tests showed the damage caused by this fungus in the crop and its direct involvement in the fresh and dry weight of the roots in the plants. The comparison between means did not detect significant differences in the method of inoculation and the strains evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution, incidence and severity damage caused by the dieback complex (Lasiodiplodia spp.) in Persian lime (Citrus latifolia) was determined in 46 orchards of six average years old, 25 trees per orchard in the municipalities of Amacuzac, Ayala, Coatlan del Rio, Cuautla, Jantetelco, Jonacatepec, Puente de Ixtla, Tepalcingo and Tlaltizapan of Zapata, Morelos State, Mexico. Incidence was evaluated according to the number of plants having symptoms of dieback. There were four levels of severity, where 0= healthy tree, 1= gum exudation, 2= cracking with exposure of internal tissue and 3= well-defined canker and branch dieback. Which were transformed to a percentage of means of a scale of three levels of severity, transforming to a percentage of infection using the Townsend and Heuberger equation. Data were analyzed trough the Kruskal Wallis test and Tukey (α=0.05) and p<0.0001 in incidence and severity. There was a high incidence of dieback on stems 78% of Persian lime trees. The incidence and severity of dieback of Persian trees on different orchards had a range of 31.8 to 100% and 30 to 100%, respectively. By the other hand, municipalities such as Amacuzac, Ayala, Coatlan del Rio and Tlaltizapan, had the lowest levels of incidence and severity of dieback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research was to evaluate the in vitro sensitivity of Colletotrichum acutatum antracnosis to seven fungicides. It began with an isolate preserved in the ceparium of the Phytopathology Laboratory of the High School Studies of Xalostoc, Morelos. A completely randomized design was used to evaluate the fungicides benomyl, diphenoconazole, azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, copper oxychloride, fluoxastrobin and captan at high, medium and low doses, for a total of 22 treatments with six repetitions. Sterile distilled water was applied to the control. The treatments were applied at a rate of 5 mL per plate, which contained PDA medium and a mycelial disc (ᴓ 5 mm). The inoculated plates were incubated at 24 °C; in 12 hour photoperiod. The colony diameter was measured every 24 hours and the percent inhibition was calculated. A bifactorial variance analysis was performed, according to Fungicide and Dose; and the differences between treatments were detected by the LSD test with 95 % confidence. The diameter of the colony and the percentage of inhibition did not show differences for dose levels, without significant effects for the interaction of both factors, fungicides, and dose. However, all doses of the different fungicides inhibited colony growth compared to the control. The benomyl, difenoconazol and captan fungicides were able to totally reduce the growth of the C. acutatum colony; followed by copper oxychloride, azoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin and trifloxystrobin in decreasing order. Only benomyl, difenoconazol, captan and copper oxychloride achieved more than 50 % inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficacy of six fungicides for the control greasy spot (Mycosphaerella citri Whiteside) in orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) cv. 'Valencia' was evaluated in plots with a randomized block design and six treatments: (Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole), Flutriafol, Difenoconazole, Benomyl, Copper Oxychloride, Trifloxyistrobin and a control. Three spraying, were made, every fifteen days. During the assay, the incidence, severity and efficacy of the diseases were evaluated. In addition, area under the disease-progress curve (AUDPC) and disease-progress curve relative in percent (AUDPCr) were calculated. The data were processed through a simple ANOVA. As results, the incidence remained unchanged up to 21 days after treatment (DAT), with low values between 1,3 and 5 %, which increased from 28 (DAT) (58-96 %). The initially severity was low (0,1-3 %) and was increased up to 32 %. The efficacy 7 (DAT) had the highest percentages with Benomyl and Trifloxyistrobin (87,5 %) and Difenoconazole (75 %). While at 14 (DAT) Difenoconazole and Azoxydifem reached 87,5 %. All fungicides reduced the area under the disease-progress curve (AUDPC) in relation to the control and in correspondence the lowest cumulative relative percentages of disease-progress curve relative in percent (AUDPCr) were obtained by Flutriafol, Benomyl and Trifloxystrobin (8.4, 8.6 and 8.7 %), although without statistical differences with another fungicide, only with the control (11.2 %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fruits is the property of International Society for Horticultural Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effect of the Poncho®, Cruiser® 5 FS and Tools® TS insecticides applied in sorghum seed treatment (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) on the germination, infestation of M. sacchari/sorghi and agronomic variables was evaluated. The hybrid genotype sorghum used was Ambar 752E443K (Asgrow®). The treatments consisted in the application of Poncho® at doses 4, 5, 6 and 8 mL kg-1 of seed; Cruiser® 5 FS at a dose of 2.5, 3.5, 5 and 7 mL kg-1 of seed; Tools® TS at doses 5, 6, 7 and 9 g kg-1 of seeds and an absolute control treatment. No negative effects of the treatments were observed on the germination, with germination exceeding 96% in all treatments. Doses of insecticides not exhibit a controlling effect on the populations of M. sacchari/sorghi. The effect of the insecticide treatments was not positive in the agronomic variables plant height, fresh leaf weight, fresh stem prisoner, fresh panicle weight, fresh grain weight, chlorophyll content and Brix degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are several postharvest fungi that cause diseases and that greatly reduce the storage life of the papaya fruit. The objective of the study was to evaluate the antifungal effect of films formulated with chitosan, and other natural products. Chitosan films combined with beeswax, oleic acid and essential oils of thyme, cinnamon and clove were first evaluated as inhibitors of the in vitro mycelial growth of Rhizopus stolonifer, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium digitatum. The formulations that responded best in vitro were evaluated by immersion of the papaya fruits, determined their effect on the control of anthracnose (C. gloeosporioides) compared with Sportak (prochloraz) at 3 mL L-1 as commercial control. Films based on chitosan, beeswax/oleic acid and essential oils of cinnamon and clove 1 % (Treatments 9, 3, 21 and 25), completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the five fungi. The treatments applied by immersion of papaya fruits did not present a significant effect on the incidence and severity of the anthracnose, only the treatment with Sportak and Chitosan had effect after 17 days of storage at 14 ± 2 ºC. Regarding quality, the biodegradable films did not affect the content of total soluble solids in the fruits and weight loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]