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Questions have been raised in various fields of research about the consequences of plants with modified lignin production. As a result of their roles in nutrient cycling and plant diversity, plant-soil interactions should be a major focus of ecological studies on lignin-modified plants. However, most studies have been decomposition studies conducted in a single soil or in sterile soil. Thus, we understand little about plant-soil interactions in living lignin-modified plants., In lignin mutants of three different barley ( Hordeum vulgare) cultivars and their corresponding wild-types associated with three different soil microbial communities, we asked: do plant-soil microbiome interactions influence the lignin content of plants?; does a mutation in lignin production alter the outcome of plant-soil microbiome interactions?; does the outcome of plant-soil microbiome interactions depend on host genotype or the presence of a mutation altering lignin production?, In roots, the soil community explained 6% of the variation in lignin content, but, in shoots, the soil community explained 21% of the variation in lignin content and was the only factor influencing lignin content. Neither genotype nor mutations in lignin production explained associations with fungi., Lignin content changes in response to a plant's soil microbial community, and may be a defensive response to particular components of the soil community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tensioned ex vivo full-thickness human skin explant platform was used to assess the bioeffects arising from application of several commercial chemexfoliation agents. Although such treatments are well-established, and improved understanding of the underlying mechanistic processes continues to emerge, research into the optimum treatments for specific skin types/conditions is still needed for enhanced efficacy while minimizing recovery time. The 3 commercial chemexfoliation agents employed all contained trichloroacetic acid at well-defined concentrations (6, 10, and 20%) and were applied to the explants' stratum corneum. Subsequently, measurements of dermal remodeling factors (COL1A1, ELN, HAS2, HAS3, and procollagen type I) and inflammatory marker (IL-1b) were undertaken using qPCR and immunofluorescent analyses. Statistical analysis of these data facilitated the establishment of benchmarking biological responses to these trichloroacetic acid-containing agents against untreated controls. The performance of an innovative trichloroacetic acid-free chemexfoliation agent was then measured and, upon comparison with the previous benchmarking data, indicated that dermal remodeling factors could be upregulated in fashion comparable with that of the trichloroacetic acid-containing agents but with significant suppression of inflammatory response. Our measurements thus underscore the promise of the tensioned explant over prolonged study periods and also that potentially valuable insights to guide preclinical strategies may be forthcoming from the protocol developed., (© 2024 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Society for Investigative Dermatology.)