18 results on '"Grimaud, E"'
Search Results
2. Low tech ? Wild tech !
- Author
-
Grimaud, E. (ed.), Tastevin, Y.P. (ed.), and Vidal, Denis (ed.)
- Abstract
On ne compte plus aujourd'hui les appels à repenser l'innovation. Il y aurait urgence écologique. Et certains n'hésitent pas à prédire la fin du monde à moins d'une rupture radicale de nos modèles de croissance. Alors que chaque nouvelle génération de téléphone ou d'ordinateur est célébrée comme si elle constituait un progrès décisif pour l'humanité, le low tech à l'inverse, cet ensemble hétérogène de techniques, de modes de composition alternatifs, définis tantôt négativement (pauvreté ou économie de moyens) tantôt positivement (faire beaucoup avec peu de choses, faire avec ce qu'on a, faire plus local et plus participatif, etc.) viendrait partout ébranler la toute puissance du high tech. Avec lui, ce ne sont pas seulement une autre lecture des techniques et d'autres façons de concevoir qui se donnent à voir, mais des population entières d'hommes et de procédés, dont le rôle a bien souvent été sous-estimé, de l'Inde à l'Afrique en passant par l'Asie. L'objectif de ce numéro n'est pas de cataloguer les formes de résistance ou d'invention très diverses que recouvre l'étiquette de low tech, mais plutôt de poser les bases d'une cartographie alternative des modes d'assemblage à l'échelle planétaire, et de donner des outils pour mieux penser des manières de fabriquer qui échappent à toute classification.
- Published
- 2017
3. Effets spéciaux et artifices [dossier]
- Author
-
Grimaud, E. (ed.), Houdard, S. (ed.), and Vidal, Denis (ed.)
- Subjects
MODERNITE ,IMAGE PHOTOGRAPHIQUE ,ARCHITECTURE ,ACTIVITE ARTISTIQUE ,PHOTOGRAPHIE ,ANTHROPOLOGIE CULTURELLE ,SPECTACLE ,THEATRE ,EFFET SPECIAUX ,ART ,CINEMA - Published
- 2006
4. Second malignant neoplasms after a first cancer in childhood: temporal pattern of risk according to type of treatment
- Author
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Vathaire, F de, primary, Hawkins, M, additional, Campbell, S, additional, Oberlin, O, additional, Raquin, M-A, additional, Schlienger, J-Y, additional, Shamsaldin, A, additional, Diallo, I, additional, Bell, J, additional, Grimaud, E, additional, Hardiman, C, additional, Lagrange, J-L, additional, Daly-Schveitzer, N, additional, Panis, X, additional, Zucker, J-M, additional, Sancho-Garnier, H, additional, Eschwège, F, additional, Chavaudra, J, additional, and Lemerle, J, additional
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Epidemiological evidence for a common mechanism for neuroblastoma and differentiated thyroid tumour
- Author
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de Vathaire, F, primary, François, P, additional, Schlumberger, M, additional, Schweisguth, O, additional, Hardiman, C, additional, Grimaud, E, additional, Oberlin, O, additional, Hill, C, additional, Lemerle, J, additional, and Flamant, R, additional
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Bone remodelling and tumour grade modifications induced by interactions between bone and Swarm rat chondrosarcoma
- Author
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Grimaud, E., Damiens, C., Rousselle, A. V., Passuti, N., Dominique Heymann, and Gouin, F.
- Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases ,Grading ,6 - Ciencias aplicadas::61 - Medicina::616 - Patología. Medicina clínica. Oncología [CDU] ,Malignancy - Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is currently defined as a malignant cartilage tumour arising de novo or within a pre-existing benign cartilage tumour. Chondrosarcoma can be surgically resected, but all grades have significant rates of local recurrence. The purpose of the present study was to develop an animal intraosseous chondrosarcoma model simulating the progression of human chondrosarcoma and elucidating its behaviour and biology. An intraosseous Swarm rat model was designed to assess interactions between bone and chondrosarcoma. A comparison of tumour grading was carried out according to transplantation site. The effects of chondrosarcoma cells (SRC cells) on the mineralisation capacities of osteoblasts and on osteoclast differentiation were studied in relation to modifications observed in vivo at the cellular level. Transplantation of Swarm rat chondrosarcoma within bone marrow or contiguous to induced periosteal lesions led to extensive bone remodelling with trabecular bone rarefaction and periosteal apposition. Transplantation in close contact to bone but without any periosteal lesion had no effect on bone, suggesting that bone healing factors interact with tumour development. With the intramedullary model, the development of tumours of different grade confirms that bone environment is an important factor in malignancy. A decrease of bone nodule formation was noted after cocultures of SRC cells with rat bone marrow, but there was no modification of osteoclast differentiation after cultures of total rabbit bone cells with SRC cells. These data reveal the importance of interactions between bone environment and tumour in inducing bone remodelling and variations in tumour malignancy.
7. Potential synergies between matrix proteins and soluble factors on resorption and proteinase activities of rabbit bone cells
- Author
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Rousselle, A. V., Damiens, C., Grimaud, E., Fortun, Y., Padrines, M., Passuti, N., and Dominique Heymann
- Subjects
6 - Ciencias aplicadas::61 - Medicina [CDU] ,Osteoclast ,Resorption - Abstract
Human growth hormone (GH) has recently been found to stimulate osteoclastic resorption, cysteineproteinase and metalloproteinase activities (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in vitro via insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) produced by stromal cells. The present study investigated the effects of two extracellular matrix components (vitronectin and type-1 collagen) on hGHand hIGF-1-stimulated osteoclastic resorption and proteinase activities in a rabbit bone cell model. After 4 days of rabbit bone cell culture on dentin slices with vitronectin coating, hGH and hIGF-1 stimulated bone resorption and hIGF-1 upmodulated cysteine-proteinase activities. MMP-2 expression (but not resorption, cathepsin or MMP-9 activities) was upmodulated by hGH and hIGF-1 on dentin slices coated with type 1 collagen as compared to those without coating. Then, vitronectin was synergistic with hIGF-1 in the regulation of cysteine-proteinase production whereas collagen showed synergy with hGH and hIGF-1 in the regulation of MMP-2 production. Anti-avB3 totally abolished the effects of hGH and hIGF-1 on metalloproteinase release, but had no influence on cathepsin release. The results suggest that cysteine-proteinase modulation is not mediated by avB3 integrin (strongly expressed on osteoclastic surface) whereas the resorption process and metalloproteinase modulation are clearly'mediated by this integrin. Our finding about the collagen coating also suggests that hGH- and hIGF-1-stimulated MMP-2 activity are mediated, along with avB3 integrin, by another adhesion molecule.
8. Low tech ? Wild tech !
- Author
-
Vidal, Denis, Subramaniam, D., Grimaud, E. (ed.), Tastevin, Y.P. (ed.), and Vidal, Denis (ed.)
- Published
- 2017
9. La ville amplifiée : synthétiseurs, sonorisation et effets électro-acoustiques dans les rituels urbains au Caire
- Author
-
Nicolas Puig, Grimaud, E. (ed.), Tastevin, Y.P. (ed.), Vidal, Denis (ed.), Unite de recherche migrations et sociétés (URMIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205
- Subjects
effets électro-acoustiques ,060106 history of social sciences ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Sound system ,amplification ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,rituels ,11. Sustainability ,0601 history and archaeology ,rituals ,media_common ,synthesizer ,electroacoustic effects ,synthétiseur ,social and cultural differentiation ,06 humanities and the arts ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Art ,General Medicine ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,040401 food science ,différenciation sociale et culturelle ,sound system ,Égypte ,Egypt ,Humanities - Abstract
International audience; In recent history, sound techniques of urban rituals in Cairo have had a series of innovations, wich consequences have, sometimes unintentionally, changed the sound environments, influenced musical aesthetics, and ultimately shaped a part of popular culture. The synthesizer, modified for Arabic music, takes an important part of the development of the sound tehnologies and it has become an important source of the diffusion of the new sounds, with the modes of amplification and transformation of the sounds.From codified exposition of city society to religious ceremonies in front of by the tombs of the saints, these rituals are qualified by a specific sound environment that can be identified by both those who acknowledge it and those who reject it. Thus, electrified sounds and specific uses of the synthesizer draw the contours of social and cultural differentiations in the city.This article proposes some lines of research around the appariation of the synthesizer and the development of sound systems that highlight the collaborative and non-linear nature of these innovations and their contribution to national cultural history.; Les techniques de sonorisation des rituels urbains au Caire ont connu dans l’histoire récente une série d’innovations dont les conséquences parfois involontaires ont modifié les environnements sonores, influencé l’esthétique musicale, et au final façonné un pan de la culture populaire. Le synthétiseur a accompagné le développement de la sonorisation au prix de quelques modifications, et il est devenu une source importante de la diffusion des nouvelles sonorités, avec les modes d’amplification et de transformation des sons. Cadre codifié d’exposition de la société citadine ou bien cérémonies religieuses adossées aux tombeaux des saints, ces rituels sont désormais qualifiés par un environnement sonore spécifique identifiable à la fois par ceux qui s’en reconnaissent et ceux qui le rejettent. Ainsi, sonorités électrifiées et usages spécifiques du synthétiseur dessinent les contours de différenciations sociales et culturelles dans la ville. Cet article propose quelques pistes de recherche autour de l’avènement du synthétiseur et de la mise au point de modes de sonorisation qui mettent en relief le caractère collaboratif et non linéaire de ces innovations et leur contribution à l’histoire culturelle nationale.
- Published
- 2017
10. Low tech ? Wild tech !
- Author
-
Grimaud, Emmanuel, Tastevin, Yann Philippe, Vidal, Denis, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Solidarités, Sociétés, Territoires (LISST), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unite de recherche migrations et sociétés (URMIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205, Grimaud, E. (ed.), Tastevin, Y.P. (ed.), Vidal, Denis (ed.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Low tech ,high tech ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,wild tech - Abstract
International audience; On ne compte plus aujourd'hui les appels à repenser l'innovation. Il y aurait urgence écologique. Et certains n'hésitent pas à prédire la fin du monde à moins d'une rupture radicale de nos modèles de croissance. Alors que chaque nouvelle génération de téléphone ou d'ordinateur est célébrée comme si elle constituait un progrès décisif pour l'humanité, le low tech à l'inverse, cet ensemble hétérogène de techniques, de modes de composition alternatifs, définis tantôt négativement (pauvreté ou économie de moyens) tantôt positivement (faire beaucoup avec peu de choses, faire avec ce qu'on a, faire plus local et plus participatif, etc.) viendrait partout ébranler la toute puissance du high tech. Avec lui, ce ne sont pas seulement une autre lecture des techniques et d'autres façons de concevoir qui se donnent à voir, mais des population entières d'hommes et de procédés, dont le rôle a bien souvent été sous-estimé, de l'Inde à l'Afrique en passant par l'Asie. L'objectif de ce numéro n'est pas de cataloguer les formes de résistance ou d'invention très diverses que recouvre l'étiquette de low tech, mais plutôt de poser les bases d'une cartographie alternative des modes d'assemblage à l'échelle planétaire, et de donner des outils pour mieux penser des manières de fabriquer qui échappent à toute classification.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Aux frontières de l'humain : pour une anthropologie comparée des créatures artificielles
- Author
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Vidal, Denis, Grimaud, Emmanuel, Unite de recherche migrations et sociétés (URMIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205, Vidal, Denis (ed.), Grimaud, E. (ed.), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
RELATION HOMME MACHINE ,ROBOTIQUE ,TECHNOLOGIE ,MONDE ,ROBOT ,CAPACITE COGNITIVE ,ANTHROPOLOGIE ,HISTOIRE ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,ANTHROPOMORPHISME - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2012
12. Robots étrangement humains
- Author
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Denis Vidal, Unite de recherche migrations et sociétés (URMIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205, Vidal, Denis (ed.), Grimaud, E. (ed.), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
RELATION HOMME MACHINE ,ROBOTIQUE ,MONDE ,ROBOT ,COGNITION ,ANTHROPOLOGIE ,HISTOIRE ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,ANTHROPOMORPHISME - Abstract
Partant d’un exemple ethnographique issu d’un terrain en cours aupres de roboticiens a Paris, l’auteur propose de contraster les notions de « piege » et de « pacte » anthropomorphiques pour tenter de mieux saisir la facon dont est concue aujourd’hui l’interaction entre des robots humanoides et leurs utilisateurs ;et, plus generalement, pour faire ainsi ressortir ce qui peut distinguer les diverses attitudes qu’il est possible d’adopter vis-a-vis de l’anthropomorphisme, avec les implications methodologiques mais aussi ethiques qui pourront en resulter, en particulier dans le domaine des nouvelles technologies.
- Published
- 2012
13. Les sirènes de l'expérience : populisme expérimental ou démocratie du jugement
- Author
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Vidal, Denis, Unite de recherche migrations et sociétés (URMIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grimaud, E. (ed.), Houdard, S. (ed.), and Vidal, Denis (ed.)
- Subjects
EUROPE ,POPULISME ,MYTHE ,CREDULITE ,SPECTACLE ,INDONESIE ,SCIENCE ,CULTURE POPULAIRE ,HISTOIRE ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,SIRENE ,JAPON ,MUSEE DE CURIOSITES ,INDE ,ETATS UNIS ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2006
14. Effets spéciaux et artifices
- Author
-
Denis Vidal, Sophie Houdart, Emmanuel Grimaud, Grimaud, E. (ed.), Houdard, S. (ed.), Vidal, Denis (ed.), Unite de recherche migrations et sociétés (URMIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
MODERNITE ,IMAGE PHOTOGRAPHIQUE ,ARCHITECTURE ,media_common.quotation_subject ,PHOTOGRAPHIE ,ANTHROPOLOGIE CULTURELLE ,SPECTACLE ,Art ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,THEATRE ,CINEMA ,ACTIVITE ARTISTIQUE ,Anthropology ,EFFET SPECIAUX ,Humanities ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,ART ,media_common - Abstract
Outils centraux dans le champ du spectacle, de la mise en scene et plus globalement dans le champ de la representation depuis la fin du XVIIIe siecle, les artifices et effets speciaux constituent des dispositifs techniques qui visent a troubler d’une maniere ou d’une autre l’ordre de la realite. Ce numero a pour objectif de rendre compte de la variete des moyens souvent savants mobilises sur les scenes, plus ou moins publiques, des theâtres, musees, ateliers, laboratoires et studios, pour stimuler la perception, orienter l’attention ou la transformer, remodeler la sensibilite, ou deformer les corps et les objets. Se dessine ainsi le cadre historique commun dans lequel se sont developpees un certain nombre de pratiques (prestidigitation, cinema, arts de l’exposition foraine, demonstrations scientifiques, entre autres) qui ont largement communique au xixe siecle et joue un role crucial dans la formation de notre modernite.
- Published
- 2006
15. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio is increased in severe osteolysis.
- Author
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Grimaud E, Soubigou L, Couillaud S, Coipeau P, Moreau A, Passuti N, Gouin F, Redini F, and Heymann D
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Carrier Proteins genetics, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Glycoproteins genetics, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins genetics, Middle Aged, Osteoblasts metabolism, Osteoclasts metabolism, Osteolysis genetics, Osteoprotegerin, RANK Ligand, RNA, Messenger analysis, Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear genetics, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Carrier Proteins metabolism, Glycoproteins metabolism, Membrane Glycoproteins metabolism, Osteolysis metabolism, Osteolysis pathology, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear metabolism
- Abstract
Pathological osteolyses are considered a consequence of a disturbance in the mechanisms that govern the bone remodeling, mainly the communication between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) are newly discovered molecules that play a key role in these communications. RANKL is essential for osteoclast differentiation via its receptor RANK located on the osteoclast membrane. OPG is a soluble decoy receptor that inhibits osteoclast differentiation through its binding to RANKL. The aim of this study is the analysis of the RANKL/OPG balance by complementary methods (semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in human osteolysis associated to various bone etiologies (n = 60), tumoral (primitive, secondary) or not, compared to healthy tissues (n = 16). Results demonstrated that RANKL/OPG ratio was significantly increased in patients suffering from severe osteolysis compared to the control group and that this imbalance is involved in bone resorption mechanisms. In this study, OPG expression appears to reflect a protective mechanism of the skeleton to compensate increased bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast formation and bone resorbing activity. Moreover, as revealed by immunohistochemistry, RANKL and OPG were colocalized in all of the tissues analyzed. To define the veracity of RANKL/OPG index in assessing and managing patients with severe osteolysis, an extended population of patients suffering from severe osteolysis must be now monitored.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Cysteine protease production by human osteosarcoma cells (MG63, SAOS2) and its modulation by soluble factors.
- Author
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Damiens C, Grimaud E, Rousselle AV, Charrier C, Fortun Y, Heymann D, and Padrines M
- Subjects
- Cathepsin L, Cysteine Endopeptidases biosynthesis, Growth Hormone pharmacology, Growth Inhibitors pharmacology, Human Growth Hormone, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I pharmacology, Interleukin-1 pharmacology, Interleukin-6 pharmacology, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor, Lymphokines pharmacology, Oncostatin M, Osteosarcoma, Peptides pharmacology, Solubility, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Cathepsin B biosynthesis, Cathepsins biosynthesis, Endopeptidases
- Abstract
The production of cysteine protease by two human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63 and SaOS2) was analyzed, as well as their modulation by interleukin 1beta (hIL-1 beta), interleukin 6 (hIL-6), insulin growth factor-1 (hIGF-1), oncostatin M (hOSM), leukemia inhibitory factor (hLIF) and growth hormone (hGH). Cysteine protease activities were detected using a synthetic substrate. The protease activities (especially cathepsin L activity) of both cell lines were increased significantly in the presence of hIL-1 beta, hIL-6 and hOSM. In contrast, hIGF-1 and hGH decreased these activities, and no effect was detectable in the presence of hLIF. The addition of antibodies against the gp-130 chain of the hIL-6 and hOSM receptors totally inhibited the stimulating effect of these two cytokines on cysteine protease activities. In increasing collagen type I degradation, hIL-1beta, hIL-6 and hOSM could be involved in bone resorption, whereas the inhibitory action of hIGF-1 and hGH on collagen type I degradation suggest that this factor could play a role in bone formation.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Second malignant neoplasms after a first cancer in childhood: temporal pattern of risk according to type of treatment.
- Author
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de Vathaire F, Hawkins M, Campbell S, Oberlin O, Raquin MA, Schlienger JY, Shamsaldin A, Diallo I, Bell J, Grimaud E, Hardiman C, Lagrange JL, Daly-Schveitzer N, Panis X, Zucker JM, Sancho-Garnier H, Eschwège F, Chavaudra J, and Lemerle J
- Subjects
- Age of Onset, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Child, Child, Preschool, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Follow-Up Studies, France epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Neoplasms, Second Primary epidemiology, Risk Factors, Time Factors, United Kingdom epidemiology, Neoplasms, Second Primary therapy
- Abstract
The variation in the risk of solid second malignant neoplasms (SMN) with time since first cancer during childhood has been previously reported. However, no study has been performed that controls for the distribution of radiation dose and the aggressiveness of past chemotherapy, which could be responsible for the observed temporal variation of the risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the treatment on the long-term pattern of the incidence of solid SMN after a first cancer in childhood. We studied a cohort of 4400 patients from eight centres in France and the UK. Patients had to be alive 3 years or more after a first cancer treated before the age of 17 years and before the end of 1985. For each patient in the cohort, the complete clinical, chemotherapy and radiotherapy history was recorded. For each patient who had received external radiotherapy, the dose of radiation received by 151 sites of the body were estimated. After a mean follow-up of 15 years, 113 children developed a solid SMN, compared to 12.3 expected from general population rates. A similar distribution pattern was observed among the 1045 patients treated with radiotherapy alone and the 2064 patients treated with radiotherapy plus chemotherapy; the relative risk, but not the excess absolute risk, of solid SMN decreased with time after first treatment; the excess absolute risk increased during a period of at least 30 years after the first cancer. This pattern remained after controlling for chemotherapy and for the average dose of radiation to the major sites of SMN. It also remained when excluding patients with a first cancer type or an associated syndrome known to predispose to SMN. When compared with radiotherapy alone, the addition of chemotherapy increases the risk of solid SMN after a first cancer in childhood, but does not significantly modify the variation of this risk during the time after the first cancer.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Long-term effects on the thyroid of irradiation for skin angiomas in childhood.
- Author
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de Vathaire F, Fragu P, François P, Benhamou S, Ward P, Benhamou E, Avril MF, Grimaud E, Sancho-Garnier H, and Parmentier C
- Subjects
- Child, France epidemiology, Hemangioma epidemiology, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Risk, Skin Neoplasms epidemiology, Thyroid Nodule epidemiology, Time Factors, Hemangioma radiotherapy, Skin Neoplasms radiotherapy, Thyroid Gland radiation effects, Thyroid Nodule etiology
- Abstract
Thyroid morphological and functional tests were carried out on 396 patients who were recalled because their thyroid gland had been exposed during hemangioma irradiation in childhood 11-43 years before (median, 22 years). The irradiations have been classified into two categories based on their duration: short duration, from a few seconds to a few minutes (90S and X rays), and long duration, from 30 min to several hours (336Ra, 192Ir, and 32P). The risk of a thyroid nodule increased significantly with the total dose received by the thyroid; it was linked to the dose delivered in the short duration (excess relative risk per Gy = 10), but not to that delivered in the long duration. The risk of a simple diffuse goiter, which also increased with the dose received by the thyroid, did not depend on the duration of the irradiation. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the role of the dose rate in the risk of thyroid nodule, the detection of which does not appear to be improved by plasma thyroid marker determination.
- Published
- 1993
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