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1. The high-resolution map of Oxia Planum, Mars; the landing site of the ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover mission

Author

European Space Agency, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), U.S. Geological Survey, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), University of Bern, European Commission, UK Space Agency, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), University of Arizona, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Martin-Torres, Javier [0000-0001-6479-2236], Zorzano, Maria-Paz [0000-0002-4492-9650], Fawdon, Peter, Orgel, Csilla, Adeli, Solmaz, Balme, Matt, Calef, Fred J., Davis, Joel M., Frigeri, Alessandro, Grindrod, Peter, Hauber, Ernst, Deit, Laetitia Le, Loizeau, Damien, Nass, Andrea, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Sefton-Nash, Elliot, Thomas, Nick, Torres, Ines, Vago, Jorge L., Volat, Matthieu, De Witte, Sander, Altieri, Francesca, Apuzzo, Andrea, Aramendia, Julene, Arana, Gorka, Singh Bahia, Rickbir, Banham, Steven G., Barnes, Robert, Barrett, Alexander M., Benedix, Wolf-Stefan, Bhardwaj, Anshuman, Boazman, Sarah Jane, Bontognali, Tomaso R. R., Bridges, John, Bultel, Benjamin, Ciarletti, Valérie, De Sanctis, Maria Cristina, Dickeson, Zach, Favaro, Elena A., Ferrari, Marco, Foucher, Frédéric, Goetz, Walter, Haldemann, Albert F. C., Harrington, Elise, Kapatza, Angeliki, Koschny, Detlef, Krzesinska, Agata M., Le Gall, Alice, Lewis, Stephen R., Lim, Tanya, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Man, Benjamin James, Mandon, Lucia, Mangold, Nicolas, Martin-Torres, Javier, McNeil, Joseph D., Molina-Jurado, Antonio, Moral, Andoni G., Motaghian, Sara, Nikiforov, Sergei, Oudart, Nicolas, Pacifici, Andrea, Parkes Bowen, Adam, Plettemeier, Dirk, Poulakis, Pantelis, Putri, Alfiah Rizky Diana, Ruesch, Ottaviano, Sam, Lydia, Schröder, Christian, Statz, Christoph, Thomas, Rebecca, Tirsch, Daniela, Toth, Zsuzsanna, Turner, Stuart, Voelker, Martin, Werner, Stephanie C., Westall, Frances, Whiteside, Barry J., Williams, Adam, Williams, Rebecca M. E., Wright, Jack, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, European Space Agency, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), U.S. Geological Survey, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), University of Bern, European Commission, UK Space Agency, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), University of Arizona, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Martin-Torres, Javier [0000-0001-6479-2236], Zorzano, Maria-Paz [0000-0002-4492-9650], Fawdon, Peter, Orgel, Csilla, Adeli, Solmaz, Balme, Matt, Calef, Fred J., Davis, Joel M., Frigeri, Alessandro, Grindrod, Peter, Hauber, Ernst, Deit, Laetitia Le, Loizeau, Damien, Nass, Andrea, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Sefton-Nash, Elliot, Thomas, Nick, Torres, Ines, Vago, Jorge L., Volat, Matthieu, De Witte, Sander, Altieri, Francesca, Apuzzo, Andrea, Aramendia, Julene, Arana, Gorka, Singh Bahia, Rickbir, Banham, Steven G., Barnes, Robert, Barrett, Alexander M., Benedix, Wolf-Stefan, Bhardwaj, Anshuman, Boazman, Sarah Jane, Bontognali, Tomaso R. R., Bridges, John, Bultel, Benjamin, Ciarletti, Valérie, De Sanctis, Maria Cristina, Dickeson, Zach, Favaro, Elena A., Ferrari, Marco, Foucher, Frédéric, Goetz, Walter, Haldemann, Albert F. C., Harrington, Elise, Kapatza, Angeliki, Koschny, Detlef, Krzesinska, Agata M., Le Gall, Alice, Lewis, Stephen R., Lim, Tanya, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Man, Benjamin James, Mandon, Lucia, Mangold, Nicolas, Martin-Torres, Javier, McNeil, Joseph D., Molina-Jurado, Antonio, Moral, Andoni G., Motaghian, Sara, Nikiforov, Sergei, Oudart, Nicolas, Pacifici, Andrea, Parkes Bowen, Adam, Plettemeier, Dirk, Poulakis, Pantelis, Putri, Alfiah Rizky Diana, Ruesch, Ottaviano, Sam, Lydia, Schröder, Christian, Statz, Christoph, Thomas, Rebecca, Tirsch, Daniela, Toth, Zsuzsanna, Turner, Stuart, Voelker, Martin, Werner, Stephanie C., Westall, Frances, Whiteside, Barry J., Williams, Adam, Williams, Rebecca M. E., Wright, Jack, and Zorzano, Maria-Paz

Abstract

This 1:30,000 scale geological map describes Oxia Planum, Mars, the landing site for the ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover mission. The map represents our current understanding of bedrock units and their relationships prior to Rosalind Franklin’s exploration of this location. The map details 15 bedrock units organised into 6 groups and 7 textural and surficial units. The bedrock units were identified using visible and near-infrared remote sensing datasets. The objectives of this map are (i) to identify where the most astrobiologically relevant rocks are likely to be found, (ii) to show where hypotheses about their geological context (within Oxia Planum and in the wider geological history of Mars) can be tested, (iii) to inform both the long-term (hundreds of metres to ∼1 km) and the short-term (tens of metres) activity planning for rover exploration, and (iv) to allow the samples analysed by the rover to be interpreted within their regional geological context.

Published
2024

4. Detection of Copper by the ChemCam Instrument Along Curiosity's Traverse in Gale Crater, Mars:Elevated Abundances in Glen Torridon

Author

Goetz, Walter, Dehouck, Erwin, Gasda, Patrick J., Johnson, Jeffrey R., Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Lanza, Nina L., Wiens, Roger C., Rapin, William, Frydenvang, Jens, Payré, Valerie, Gasnault, Olivier, Goetz, Walter, Dehouck, Erwin, Gasda, Patrick J., Johnson, Jeffrey R., Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Lanza, Nina L., Wiens, Roger C., Rapin, William, Frydenvang, Jens, Payré, Valerie, and Gasnault, Olivier

Abstract

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, as utilized by the ChemCam instrument onboard the Curiosity rover, detected enhanced abundances of the element copper. Since landing in Gale crater (August 6, 2012) 10 enhancements in copper abundance were observed during 3007 Martian days (sols) of rover operations and 24 km of driving (as of January 20, 2021). The most prominent ones were found in the Kimberley area on the crater floor (Aeolis Palus) and in Glen Torridon on the lower flanks of Aeolis Mons (Mt. Sharp). Enhancements in copper record the former existence of modestly acidic and oxidizing fluids, which were more oxidizing in Kimberley than in Glen Torridon. Of the two main types of bedrock in the lowest part of Glen Torridon, Mg-rich ‘coherent’ and K-rich ‘rubbly’ (named based on their outcrop expression), copper was only detected in coherent, not in rubbly bedrock. The difference between these two types of bedrock may be due to difference in provenance. Alternatively, based on a recently developed lacustrine-groundwater mixing model, we suggest that rubbly bedrock was altered by modestly acidic, shallow-subsurface lake water that leached out both copper and manganese, while coherent bedrock was affected by dominantly alkaline fluids which would be consistent with its mineralogical composition (including siderite) as returned by the CheMin instrument onboard the rover. Higher up in Glen Torridon, ChemCam data indicated significant gradients in copper concentration in coherent bedrock on a local scale of only few meters, which suggests a different alteration style and possibly different types of diagenetic fluids.

Published
2023

5. Overview of the Morphology and Chemistry of Diagenetic Features in the Clay-Rich Glen Torridon Unit of Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Gasda, Patrick J., Comellas, Jade, Essunfeld, Ari, Das, Debarati, Bryk, Alexander B., Dehouck, Erwin, Schwenzer, Susanne P., Crossey, Laura, Herkenhoff, Kenneth, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Newsom, Horton, Lanza, Nina L., Rapin, William, Goetz, Walter, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Bridges, John C., Anderson, Ryan, David, Gael, Turner, Stuart M. R., Thorpe, Michael T., Kah, Linda, Frydenvang, Jens, Kronyak, Rachel, Caravaca, Gwénaël, Ollila, Ann, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Nellessen, Matthew, Hoffman, Megan, Fey, Deirdra, Cousin, Anges, Wiens, Roger C., Clegg, Samuel M., Maurice, Sylvestre, Gasnault, Olivier, Delapp, Dorothea, Reyes-Newell, Adriana, Gasda, Patrick J., Comellas, Jade, Essunfeld, Ari, Das, Debarati, Bryk, Alexander B., Dehouck, Erwin, Schwenzer, Susanne P., Crossey, Laura, Herkenhoff, Kenneth, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Newsom, Horton, Lanza, Nina L., Rapin, William, Goetz, Walter, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Bridges, John C., Anderson, Ryan, David, Gael, Turner, Stuart M. R., Thorpe, Michael T., Kah, Linda, Frydenvang, Jens, Kronyak, Rachel, Caravaca, Gwénaël, Ollila, Ann, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Nellessen, Matthew, Hoffman, Megan, Fey, Deirdra, Cousin, Anges, Wiens, Roger C., Clegg, Samuel M., Maurice, Sylvestre, Gasnault, Olivier, Delapp, Dorothea, and Reyes-Newell, Adriana

Abstract

The clay-rich Glen Torridon region of Gale crater, Mars, was explored between sols 2300 and 3007. Here, we analyzed the diagenetic features observed by Curiosity, including veins, cements, nodules, and nodular bedrock, using the ChemCam, Mastcam, and Mars Hand Lens Imager instruments. We discovered many diagenetic features in Glen Torridon, including dark-toned iron- and manganese-rich veins, magnesium- and fluorine-rich linear features, Ca-sulfate cemented bedrock, manganese-rich nodules, and iron-rich strata. We have characterized the chemistry and morphology of these features, which are most widespread in the higher stratigraphic members in Glen Torridon, and exhibit a wide range of chemistries. These discoveries are strong evidence for multiple generations of fluids from multiple chemical endmembers that likely underwent redox reactions to form some of these features. In a few cases, we may be able to use mineralogy and chemistry to constrain formation conditions of the diagenetic features. For example, the dark-toned veins likely formed in warmer, highly alkaline, and highly reducing conditions, while manganese-rich nodules likely formed in oxidizing and circumneutral conditions. We also hypothesize that an initial enrichment of soluble elements, including fluorine, occurred during hydrothermal alteration early in Gale crater history to account for elemental enrichment in nodules and veins. The presence of redox-active elements, including Fe and Mn, and elements required for life, including P and S, in these fluids is strong evidence for habitability of Gale crater groundwater. Hydrothermal alteration also has interesting implications for prebiotic chemistry during the earliest stages of the crater's evolution and early Mars.

Published
2022

6. Methane as a reddish coating agent

Author

Nornberg, Per, Finster, Kai, Thogersen, Jan, Golbek, Thaddeus W., Weidner, Tobias, Hassenkam, Tue, Goetz, Walter, Oehlke, Mathias, Jensen, Svend J. Knak, Nornberg, Per, Finster, Kai, Thogersen, Jan, Golbek, Thaddeus W., Weidner, Tobias, Hassenkam, Tue, Goetz, Walter, Oehlke, Mathias, and Jensen, Svend J. Knak

Abstract

Experiments in quartz ampoules that simulate the saltation of quartz grains in a methane atmosphere show that the solid phase acquires a reddish color, reminiscent of the color observed on Triton, Pluto, and Charon. Reflection spectroscopy of the coated grains show a wide, continuous absorption spectrum peaking at near-UV wavelengths, in line with the reddish color. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates the grains are coated with a substance containing C-C and C-O bonds, and estimates the average thickness of the surface layer to 2.3 angstrom. Solid state Raman measurements of the coating shows a transition at 1540 cm(-1). A model is proposed to describe these measurements. The model is a polydiene, anchored to the quartz surface. Electron structure calculations show that a polydiene with around 8 CH units reproduces the measurements. AFM-IR experiments support this result. Our findings suggest a pathway for synthesis of complex molecules with C = C bonds on planets and moons with a solid surface and a methane-containing atmosphere.

Published
2022

8. Differences in carbon emissions reduction between countries pursuing renewable electricity versus nuclear power

Author

Benjamin K. Sovacool, Gordon MacKerron, Andrew Stirling, Patrick Schmid, and Goetz Walter

Subjects
Natural resource economics, business.industry, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, Negative association, Nuclear power, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Renewable energy, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Reduction (complexity), Electricity generation, Fuel Technology, Greenhouse gas, Environmental science, Electricity, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Two of the most widely emphasized contenders for carbon emissions reduction in the electricity sector are nuclear power and renewable energy. While scenarios regularly question the potential impacts of adoption of various technology mixes in the future, it is less clear which technology has been associated with greater historical emission reductions. Here, we use multiple regression analyses on global datasets of national carbon emissions and renewable and nuclear electricity production across 123 countries over 25 years to examine systematically patterns in how countries variously using nuclear power and renewables contrastingly show higher or lower carbon emissions. We find that larger-scale national nuclear attachments do not tend to associate with significantly lower carbon emissions while renewables do. We also find a negative association between the scales of national nuclear and renewables attachments. This suggests nuclear and renewables attachments tend to crowd each other out. Nuclear and renewable energy are considered two of the most important technologies towards decarbonization though it is not clear how their adoption relates to national emission reductions. Sovacool et al. look at data from 123 countries to examine emission reductions associated with nuclear- or renewable energy-focused strategies.

Published
2020

9. Comparability of heavy mineral data – The first interlaboratory round robin test

Author

Dunkl, István, von Eynatten, Hilmar, Andò, Sergio, Lünsdorf, Keno, Morton, Andrew, Alexander, Bruce, Aradi, László, Augustsson, Carita, Bahlburg, Heinrich, Barbarano, Marta, Benedictus, Aukje, Berndt, Jasper, Bitz, Irene, Boekhout, Flora, Breitfeld, Tim, Cascalho, João, Costa, Pedro J.M., Ekwenye, Ogechi, Fehér, Kristóf, Flores-Aqueveque, Valentina, Führing, Philipp, Giannini, Paulo, Goetz, Walter, Guedes, Carlos, Gyurica, György, Hennig-Breitfeld, Juliane, Hülscher, Julian, Jafarzadeh, Mahdi, Jagodziński, Robert, Józsa, Sándor, Kelemen, Péter, Keulen, Nynke, Kovacic, Marijan, Liebermann, Christof, Limonta, Mara, Lužar-Oberiter, Borna, Markovic, Frane, Melcher, Frank, Miklós, Dóra Georgina, Moghalu, Ogechukwu, Mounteney, Ian, Nascimento, Daniel, Novaković, Tea, Obbágy, Gabriella, Oehlke, Mathias, Omma, Jenny, Onuk, Peter, Passchier, Sandra, Pfaff, Katharina, Lincoñir, Luisa Pinto, Power, Matthew, Resentini, Alberto, Sági, Tamás, Salata, Dorota, Salgueiro, Rute, Schönig, Jan, Sitnikova, Maria, Sternal, Beata, Szakmány, György, Szokaluk, Monika, Thamó-Bozsó, Edit, Tóth, Ágoston, Tremblay, Jonathan, Verhaegen, Jasper, Villaseñor, Tania, Wagreich, Michael, Wolf, Anna, and Yoshida, Kohki

Subjects
Provenance, Interlaboratory comparison, SEM-EDX, Raman spectroscopy, Heavy mineral analysis
Abstract

Heavy minerals are typically rare but important components of siliciclastic sediments and rocks. Their abundance, proportions, and variability carry valuable information on source rocks, climatic, environmental and transport conditions between source to sink, and diagenetic processes. They are important for practical purposes such as prospecting for mineral resources or the correlation and interpretation of geologic reservoirs. Despite the extensive use of heavy mineral analysis in sedimentary petrography and quite diverse methods for quantifying heavy mineral assemblages, there has never been a systematic comparison of results obtained by different methods and/or operators. This study provides the first interlaboratory test of heavy mineral analysis. Two synthetic heavy mineral samples were prepared with considerably contrasting compositions intended to resemble natural samples. The contributors were requested to provide (i) metadata describing methods, measurement conditions and experience of the operators and (ii) results tables with mineral species and grain counts. One hundred thirty analyses of the two samples were performed by 67 contributors, encompassing both classical microscopic analyses and data obtained by emerging automated techniques based on electron-beam chemical analysis or Raman spectroscopy. Because relatively low numbers of mineral counts (N) are typical for optical analyses while automated techniques allow for high N, the results vary considerably with respect to the Poisson uncertainty of the counting statistics. Therefore, standard methods used in evaluation of round robin tests are not feasible. In our case the ‘true’ compositions of the test samples are not known. Three methods have been applied to determine possible reference values: (i) the initially measured weight percentages, (ii) calculation of grain percentages using estimates of grain volumes and densities, and (iii) the best-match average calculated from the most reliable analyses following multiple, pragmatic and robust criteria. The range of these three values is taken as best approximation of the ‘true’ composition. The reported grain percentages were evaluated according to (i) their overall scatter relative to the most likely composition, (ii) the number of identified components that were part of the test samples, (iii) the total amount of mistakenly identified mineral grains that were actually not added to the samples, and (iv) the number of major components, which match the reference values with 95% confidence. Results indicate that the overall comparability of the analyses is reasonable. However, there are several issues with respect to methods and/or operators. Optical methods yield the poorest results with respect to the scatter of the data. This, however, is not considered inherent to the method as demonstrated by a significant number of optical analyses fulfilling the criteria for the best-match average. Training of the operators is thus considered paramount for optical analyses. Electron-beam methods yield satisfactory results, but problems in the identification of polymorphs and the discrimination of chain silicates are evident. Labs refining their electron-beam results by optical analysis practically tackle this issue. Raman methods yield the best results as indicated by the highest number of major components correctly quantified with 95% confidence and the fact that all laboratories and operators fulfil the criteria for the best-match average. However, a number of problems must be solved before the full potential of the automated high-throughput techniques in heavy mineral analysis can be achieved.

Published
2020

10. Comparability of heavy mineral data – The first interlaboratory round robin test

Author

Dunkl, I, von Eynatten, H, Andò, S, Lünsdorf, K, Morton, A, Alexander, B, Aradi, L, Augustsson, C, Bahlburg, H, Barbarano, M, Benedictus, A, Berndt, J, Bitz, I, Boekhout, F, Breitfeld, T, Cascalho, J, Costa, P, Ekwenye, O, Fehér, K, Flores-Aqueveque, V, Führing, P, Giannini, P, Goetz, W, Guedes, C, Gyurica, G, Hennig-Breitfeld, J, Hülscher, J, Jafarzadeh, M, Jagodziński, R, Józsa, S, Kelemen, P, Keulen, N, Kovacic, M, Liebermann, C, Limonta, M, Lužar-Oberiter, B, Markovic, F, Melcher, F, Miklós, D, Moghalu, O, Mounteney, I, Nascimento, D, Novaković, T, Obbágy, G, Oehlke, M, Omma, J, Onuk, P, Passchier, S, Pfaff, K, Lincoñir, L, Power, M, Razum, I, Resentini, A, Sági, T, Salata, D, Salgueiro, R, Schönig, J, Sitnikova, M, Sternal, B, Szakmány, G, Szokaluk, M, Thamó-Bozsó, E, Tóth, Á, Tremblay, J, Verhaegen, J, Villaseñor, T, Wagreich, M, Wolf, A, Yoshida, K, Dunkl, István, von Eynatten, Hilmar, Andò, Sergio, Lünsdorf, Keno, Morton, Andrew, Alexander, Bruce, Aradi, László, Augustsson, Carita, Bahlburg, Heinrich, Barbarano, Marta, Benedictus, Aukje, Berndt, Jasper, Bitz, Irene, Boekhout, Flora, Breitfeld, Tim, Cascalho, João, Costa, Pedro J. M., Ekwenye, Ogechi, Fehér, Kristóf, Flores-Aqueveque, Valentina, Führing, Philipp, Giannini, Paulo, Goetz, Walter, Guedes, Carlos, Gyurica, György, Hennig-Breitfeld, Juliane, Hülscher, Julian, Jafarzadeh, Mahdi, Jagodziński, Robert, Józsa, Sándor, Kelemen, Péter, Keulen, Nynke, Kovacic, Marijan, Liebermann, Christof, Limonta, Mara, Lužar-Oberiter, Borna, Markovic, Frane, Melcher, Frank, Miklós, Dóra Georgina, Moghalu, Ogechukwu, Mounteney, Ian, Nascimento, Daniel, Novaković, Tea, Obbágy, Gabriella, Oehlke, Mathias, Omma, Jenny, Onuk, Peter, Passchier, Sandra, Pfaff, Katharina, Lincoñir, Luisa Pinto, Power, Matthew, Razum, Ivan, Resentini, Alberto, Sági, Tamás, Salata, Dorota, Salgueiro, Rute, Schönig, Jan, Sitnikova, Maria, Sternal, Beata, Szakmány, György, Szokaluk, Monika, Thamó-Bozsó, Edit, Tóth, Ágoston, Tremblay, Jonathan, Verhaegen, Jasper, Villaseñor, Tania, Wagreich, Michael, Wolf, Anna, Yoshida, Kohki, Dunkl, I, von Eynatten, H, Andò, S, Lünsdorf, K, Morton, A, Alexander, B, Aradi, L, Augustsson, C, Bahlburg, H, Barbarano, M, Benedictus, A, Berndt, J, Bitz, I, Boekhout, F, Breitfeld, T, Cascalho, J, Costa, P, Ekwenye, O, Fehér, K, Flores-Aqueveque, V, Führing, P, Giannini, P, Goetz, W, Guedes, C, Gyurica, G, Hennig-Breitfeld, J, Hülscher, J, Jafarzadeh, M, Jagodziński, R, Józsa, S, Kelemen, P, Keulen, N, Kovacic, M, Liebermann, C, Limonta, M, Lužar-Oberiter, B, Markovic, F, Melcher, F, Miklós, D, Moghalu, O, Mounteney, I, Nascimento, D, Novaković, T, Obbágy, G, Oehlke, M, Omma, J, Onuk, P, Passchier, S, Pfaff, K, Lincoñir, L, Power, M, Razum, I, Resentini, A, Sági, T, Salata, D, Salgueiro, R, Schönig, J, Sitnikova, M, Sternal, B, Szakmány, G, Szokaluk, M, Thamó-Bozsó, E, Tóth, Á, Tremblay, J, Verhaegen, J, Villaseñor, T, Wagreich, M, Wolf, A, Yoshida, K, Dunkl, István, von Eynatten, Hilmar, Andò, Sergio, Lünsdorf, Keno, Morton, Andrew, Alexander, Bruce, Aradi, László, Augustsson, Carita, Bahlburg, Heinrich, Barbarano, Marta, Benedictus, Aukje, Berndt, Jasper, Bitz, Irene, Boekhout, Flora, Breitfeld, Tim, Cascalho, João, Costa, Pedro J. M., Ekwenye, Ogechi, Fehér, Kristóf, Flores-Aqueveque, Valentina, Führing, Philipp, Giannini, Paulo, Goetz, Walter, Guedes, Carlos, Gyurica, György, Hennig-Breitfeld, Juliane, Hülscher, Julian, Jafarzadeh, Mahdi, Jagodziński, Robert, Józsa, Sándor, Kelemen, Péter, Keulen, Nynke, Kovacic, Marijan, Liebermann, Christof, Limonta, Mara, Lužar-Oberiter, Borna, Markovic, Frane, Melcher, Frank, Miklós, Dóra Georgina, Moghalu, Ogechukwu, Mounteney, Ian, Nascimento, Daniel, Novaković, Tea, Obbágy, Gabriella, Oehlke, Mathias, Omma, Jenny, Onuk, Peter, Passchier, Sandra, Pfaff, Katharina, Lincoñir, Luisa Pinto, Power, Matthew, Razum, Ivan, Resentini, Alberto, Sági, Tamás, Salata, Dorota, Salgueiro, Rute, Schönig, Jan, Sitnikova, Maria, Sternal, Beata, Szakmány, György, Szokaluk, Monika, Thamó-Bozsó, Edit, Tóth, Ágoston, Tremblay, Jonathan, Verhaegen, Jasper, Villaseñor, Tania, Wagreich, Michael, Wolf, Anna, and Yoshida, Kohki

Abstract

Heavy minerals are typically rare but important components of siliciclastic sediments and rocks. Their abundance, proportions, and variability carry valuable information on source rocks, climatic, environmental and transport conditions between source to sink, and diagenetic processes. They are important for practical purposes such as prospecting for mineral resources or the correlation and interpretation of geologic reservoirs. Despite the extensive use of heavy mineral analysis in sedimentary petrography and quite diverse methods for quantifying heavy mineral assemblages, there has never been a systematic comparison of results obtained by different methods and/or operators. This study provides the first interlaboratory test of heavy mineral analysis. Two synthetic heavy mineral samples were prepared with considerably contrasting compositions intended to resemble natural samples. The contributors were requested to provide (i) metadata describing methods, measurement conditions and experience of the operators and (ii) results tables with mineral species and grain counts. One hundred thirty analyses of the two samples were performed by 67 contributors, encompassing both classical microscopic analyses and data obtained by emerging automated techniques based on electron-beam chemical analysis or Raman spectroscopy. Because relatively low numbers of mineral counts (N) are typical for optical analyses while automated techniques allow for high N, the results vary considerably with respect to the Poisson uncertainty of the counting statistics. Therefore standard methods used in evaluation of round robin tests are not feasible. In our case the ‘true’ compositions of the test samples are not known. Three methods have been applied to determine possible reference values: (i) the initially measured weight percentages, (ii) calculation of grain percentages using estimates of grain volumes and densities, and (iii) the best-match average calculated from the most reliable analyses f

Published
2020

11. Indication of drier periods on Mars from the chemistry and mineralogy of atmospheric dust

Author

Goetz, Walter, Bertelsen, Preben, Binau, Charlotte S., Gunnlaugsson, Haraldur P., Hviid, Stubbe F., Kinch, Kjartan M., Madsen, Daniel E., Madsen, Morten B., Olsen, Malte, Gellert, Ralf, Klingelhofer, Gostar, Ming, Douglas W., Morris, Richard V., Rieder, Rudolf, Rodionov, Daniel S., de Souza, Jr, Paulo A., Schroder, Christian, Squyres, Steve W., Wdowiak, Tom, and Yen, Albert

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Walter Goetz (corresponding author) [1]; Preben Bertelsen [2]; Charlotte S. Binau [2]; Haraldur P. Gunnlaugsson [3]; Stubbe F. Hviid [1]; Kjartan M. Kinch [3]; Daniel E. Madsen [2]; Morten [...]

Published
2005
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12. Variable selection in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted by multivariate analysis: An alternative to multi-peak fitting

Author

Guezenoc, Julian, Syvilay, Delphine, Cousin, Agnes, Gallet-Budynek, Anne, Bousquet, Bruno, Payré, Valérie, Sautter, Violaine, Cousin, Agnès, Mangold, Nicolas, Deit, Laetitia Le, Forni, Olivier, Goetz, Walter, Wiens, Roger, Gasnault, Olivier, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Lasue, Jérémie, Rapin, William, Clark, Ben, Nachon, Marion, Lanza, Nina, Maurice, Sylvestre, Vanderhaeghe, Olivier, Guergouz, Célia, Fabre, Cécile, Duchêne, Stéphanie, Baratoux, David, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Rice University [Houston], GeoRessources, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_element, PLS, Overfitting, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Plot (graphics), Analytical Chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Range (statistics), Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics, 010302 applied physics, LIBS, multi-peak fitting, quantitative analysis, 010401 analytical chemistry, Univariate, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Lithium, Biological system, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], variable selection
Abstract

International audience; When Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) spectra exhibit complex spectral features as the result of two or more overlapping emission lines, it is common to apply multi-peak fitting in order to extract the relevant information. In this paper, we propose an alternative method to multi-peak fitting based on advanced data processing. To illustrate this new strategy, we consider the quantification of lithium from a series of spectra related to samples being part of the calibration samples for the ChemCam instrument dedicated to the analysis of Mars geological matrices. In this case, one can observe a spectral overlap between the unresolved doublet of lithium at 670.78 and 670.79 nm and the line of calcium at 671.769 nm. A first PLS model built from 1713 variables related to the spectral range 492.7-856.8 nm revealed the strong influence of this doublet of lithium but also a significant overfitting and instabilities preventing from any exploitation of this model. Reducing the number of variables to 17 corresponding to the spectral window 669.07-672.49 nm then allowed to build a 3-component PLS model characterized by the apparently satisfying indicators, R-2 = 0.95 and RMSECV = 11 ppm. However, this model was not considered as satisfying due to the significant nonlinearity between LIBS signal and concentration values, which it was unable to describe, since it is linear by definition. Thus, our PLS model was exploited through the loading weights plot of the first component, explaining > 84% of the variance of the lithium concentration values, which allowed to select the 9 variables exhibiting the highest correlation with the lithium concentration values. Then, the sum of the related values of intensity was exploited to build a univariate quadratic model, characterized by R-2 = 0.93 and RMSECV = 17 ppm. Comparing this result with the previous results obtained after multi-peak fitting, namely R-2 = 0.92 and RMSECV = 18 ppm, we conclude that our alternative approach can be considered as a satisfactory option.

Published
2019

13. A cellular 65-kDa protein recognizes the g\negative regulatory element of human papillomavirus late mRNA

Author

Dietrich-Goetz, Walter, Kennedy, Iain M., Levins, Beth, Stanley, Margaret A., and Clements, J. Barklie

Subjects
Promoters (Genetics) -- Research, Papillomaviruses -- Genetic aspects, Biological transport, Active -- Regulation, Membrane disorders -- Research, Messenger RNA -- Research, Science and technology
Abstract

Papillomavirus late gene expression is tightly linked to the differentiation state of the host cell. Levels of late mRNAs are only in part controlled by regulation of the late promoter, other posttranscriptional mechanisms exist that reduce the amount of late mRNA in undifferentiated cells. Previously we described a negative regulatory element (NRE) located upstream of the human papillomavirus type 16 late poly(A) site. We have delineated the NRE to a 79-nt region in which a G+U-rich region was the major determinant of NRE activity. UV-crosslinking assays identified a prominent nuclear protein of 65 kda as the only factor in close contact with the NRE, and a complex of at least five proteins, including the 65-kDa protein, was enriched on NRE-RNA. Binding of the 65-kDa protein was depleted by preincubation with poly(U) Sepharose in high salt, a property characteristic of the U2 small nuclear ribonucleo-protein auxiliary factor U2A[F.sup.65] and bacterially expressed U2A[F.sup.65] exhibited NRE binding. The 65-kDa protein bound to the G+U-rich NRE 3[prime] half which shows homology to the B2P2 sequence a known U2A[F.sup.65] binding site in the [Alpha]-tropomyosin gene, and the G+U-rich element can be replaced by B2P2 in the binding assay. Treatment of cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate reduced binding of the 65-kDa protein, induced NRE binding of a cytoplasmic protein, and relieved the NRE block on reporter gene expression.

Published
1997

14. Flight Integration and Test of the Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA)

Author

Brinckerhoff, William, Pinnick, Veronica, Grubisic, Andrej, Kaplan, Desmond, Danell, Ryan, van Amerom, Friso, Getty, Stéphanie, Li, Xiang, Arevalo, Ricardo, Freissinet, Caroline, Chu, Zhiping, Castillo, Marco, Johnson, Chris, Szopa, Cyril, Stalport, Fabien, Buch, Arnaud, Allain, Tristan, Grand, Noel, Raulin, Francois, Goetz, Walter, Steininger, Harald, Goesmann, Fred, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology [GSFC] (CRESST), KapScience LLC, Danell Consulting Inc., Mini-Mass Consulting, Inc., Department of Geology [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, IMPEC - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux - EA 4038 (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Buch, Arnaud, PLANETO - LATMOS, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.IM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]
Abstract

International audience; The Mars Organic Molecule Ana-lyzer (MOMA) investigation [1] on the 2020 ExoMars rover [2] will examine the molecular composition of crushed samples acquired from depths of up to two meters below the martian surface, where organics may have been protected from radiative and oxidative degradation [3,4]. MOMA combines pyrolysis-gas chro-matography/mass spectrometry (pyr-GCMS), both with and without chemical derivatization, and laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS), in coordination with the other investigations in the rover's Pasteur Payload, particularly the Raman [5] and MicrOmega [6] instruments. With its two modes, MOMA detects compounds over a wide range of molecular weight, volatility, and mineralological association.

Published
2018

15. The challenge to search for organics and biosignatures on mars by the Exomars-2020 Rover

Author

Goetz, Walter, Goesmann, F., Brinckerhoff, W., Raulin, François, Szopa, Cyril, Freissinet, Caroline, Buch, A., Siljeström, S., Brucato, J., Danell, R., Getty, S., Mißbach, H., Steininger, H., Grubisic, A., Pinnick, V., Stalport, F., Schulte, M., Glavin, D., Li, Xiaojian, Van Amerom, F., Vago, J., Buch, Arnaud, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux - EA 4038 (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Danell Consulting Inc., NASA Headquarters, University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System, Mini-Mass Consulting, Inc., Agence Spatiale Européenne (ESA), European Space Agency (ESA), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMPEC - LATMOS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

17. Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA) Flight Model Qualification

Author

Brinckerhoff, William, Pinnick, Veronica, Danell, Ryan, van Amerom, Friso, Arevalo, Ricardo, Grubisic, Andrej, Li, Xiang, Freissinet, Caroline, Chu, Zhiping, Castillo, Marco, Johnson, Chris, Szopa, Cyril, Stalport, Fabien, Buch, Arnaud, Allain, Tristan, Grand, Noël, Raulin, François, Goetz, Walter, Steininger, Harald, Goesmann, Fred, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology [GSFC] (CRESST), Danell Consulting Inc., Mini-Mass Consulting, Inc., PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux - EA 4038 (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, IMPEC - LATMOS, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Buch, Arnaud, and Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.PG] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology
Abstract

International audience; Introduction: The Mars Organic Molecule Ana-lyzer (MOMA) investigation on the 2020 ExoMars rover will examine the molecular composition of samples acquired from depths of up to two meters below the martian surface, where organics may have been protected from radiative and oxidative degradation [1,2]. The clay-rich rock exposures accessible in Oxia Planum, the preferred landing zone, will provide an excellent opportunity to sample ancient material for organics analysis. MOMA incorporates both pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (pyr-GCMS) and laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) modes of operation, and is designed to work in concert with the other investigations in the rover's Pasteur Payload, particularly the Raman [3] and MicrOmega [4] instruments that analyze common drill samples presented on a carousel. With two modes, MOMA detects compounds over a wide range of molecular weight, volatility, and mineralological association [5]. Implementation of GCMS and LDMS Modes: GCMS mode is operated analogously to the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) investigation on Curiosity. Samples are sealed into ovens and heated to 850° C. Analyte gases, entrained in He, flow through the GC system to the MS. The GC includes two cooled hydrocarbon traps (Tenax and Carbosieve) that are opened after major water evolution (above 100° C) but prior to organic thermodesorption (from ~300° C up to > 500° C). Trapped organics are injected onto one of four columns and eluted over a temperature ramp to the MS electron ionization (EI) source. GCMS analyzes compounds of high-to-moderate volatility (enthalpies of vaporization !H V ≤ 50 kJ mol-1) such as alkanes, amines, and lighter carboxylic and amino acids and aromatic species. Derivatization agent present in some ovens enables detection of the higher !H V and polar species over the full GCMS m/z range of 50-500 Da. In LDMS mode, molecules are desorbed and ionized directly from powder samples with a pulsed UV laser (266 nm, 1 ns duration) at Mars ambient pressures. Parent molecular cations, and their fragments, enter the MS through a fast aperture valve that closes

Published
2017

25. Vermischtes

Author

Loserth, J. and Goetz, Walter

Published
1900

30. Characterization of Mineral Targets by Laser Desorption and Ionization in Preparation of the MOMA Investigation Onboard the ExoMars-2018 Rover

Author

Goetz, Walter, Arevalo, Ricardo, Pinnick, Veronica, Danell, Ryan, Getty, Stéphanie, Oehlke, M., John, H., Li, Xiaojian, Grubisic, A., Brinckerhoff, W., Steininger, Harald, Goesmann, Fred, Siljeström, S., Raulin, François, Szopa, Cyril, Buch, Arnaud, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Danell Consulting Inc., SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux - EA 4038 (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Cardon, Catherine, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMPEC - LATMOS, and Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS)

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.IM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]
Abstract

International audience; The MOMA instrument (Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer [1]) onboard the ESA-Roskosmos led ExoMars-2018 rover mission shall investigate Martian near-surface samples by Laser De-sorption and Ionization (LDI). This experimental technique uses UV laser impact to ablate molecular fragments that shall be analyzed by mass spectrometry and is thus geared towards characterization of the organic inventory in Martian subsurface samples. Here we present an end-to-end LDI experiment performed on a small (though diverse) set of terrestrial inorganic samples (minerals). The experiment has the following goals: (1) explore the possibility to identify minerals by LDI, (2) characterize the physical interaction between laser and mineral by measuring the average mass of ablated material per laser shot, and (3) present data acquired by the MOMA engineering test unit (ETU) at NASA GSFC. The recorded mass peaks are part of the " background " that will be encountered during any in situ measurement on the surface of Mars and in which peaks of organic compounds are embedded. Hence such data contribute to a reference data set that will be important to interpret complex spectra of any organic-bearing sedimentary rocks on Mars.

Published
2016

31. Evidence for indigenous nitrogen in sedimentary and aeolian deposits from the Curiosity rover investigations at Gale crater, Mars

Author

Stern, Jennifer C., Sutter, Brad, Freissinet, Caroline, Navarro-González, Rafael, McKay, Christopher P., Archer, P. Douglas, Buch, Arnaud, Brunner, Anna E., Coll, Patrice, Eigenbrode, Jennifer L., Fairen, Alberto G., Franz, Heather B., Glavin, Daniel P., Kashyap, Srishti, McAdam, Amy C., Ming, Douglas W., Steele, Andrew, Szopa, Cyril, Wray, James J., Martín-Torres, F. Javier, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, Conrad, Pamela G., Mahaffy, Paul R., Kemppinen, Osku, Bridges, Nathan, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Minitti, Michelle, Cremers, David, Bell, James F., Edgar, Lauren, Farmer, Jack, Godber, Austin, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Wellington, Danika, McEwan, Ian, Newman, Claire, Richardson, Mark, Charpentier, Antoine, Peret, Laurent, King, Penelope, Blank, Jennifer, Weigle, Gerald, Schmidt, Mariek, Li, Shuai, Milliken, Ralph, Robertson, Kevin, Sun, Vivian, Baker, Michael, Edwards, Christopher, Ehlmann, Bethany, Farley, Kenneth, Griffes, Jennifer, Grotzinger, John, Miller, Hayden, Newcombe, Megan, Pilorget, Cedric, Rice, Melissa, Siebach, Kirsten, Stack, Katie, Stolper, Edward, Brunet, Claude, Hipkin, Victoria, Léveillé, Richard, Marchand, Geneviève, Sánchez, Pablo Sobrón, Favot, Laurent, Cody, George, Flückiger, Lorenzo, Lees, David, Nefian, Ara, Martin, Mildred, Gailhanou, Marc, Westall, Frances, Israël, Guy, Agard, Christophe, Baroukh, Julien, Donny, Christophe, Gaboriaud, Alain, Guillemot, Philippe, Lafaille, Vivian, Lorigny, Eric, Paillet, Alexis, Pérez, René, Saccoccio, Muriel, Yana, Charles, Armiens-Aparicio, Carlos, Rodríguez, Javier Caride, Blázquez, Isaías Carrasco, Gómez, Felipe Gómez, Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Hettrich, Sebastian, Malvitte, Alain Lepinette, Jiménez, Mercedes Marín, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, Martín-Soler, Javier, Torres, F. Javier Martín, Jurado, Antonio Molina, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Caro, Guillermo Muñoz, López, Sara Navarro, Peinado-González, Verónica, Pla-García, Jorge, Manfredi, José Antonio Rodriguez, Romeral-Planelló, Julio José, Fuentes, Sara Alejandra Sans, Martinez, Eduardo Sebastian, Redondo, Josefina Torres, Urqui-O'Callaghan, Roser, Mier, María-Paz Zorzano, Chipera, Steve, Lacour, Jean-Luc, Mauchien, Patrick, Sirven, Jean-Baptiste, Manning, Heidi, Fairén, Alberto, Hayes, Alexander, Joseph, Jonathan, Squyres, Steven, Sullivan, Robert, Thomas, Peter, Dupont, Audrey, Lundberg, Angela, Melikechi, Noureddine, Mezzacappa, Alissa, DeMarines, Julia, Grinspoon, David, Reitz, Günther, Prats, Benito, Atlaskin, Evgeny, Genzer, Maria, Harri, Ari-Matti, Haukka, Harri, Kahanpää, Henrik, Kauhanen, Janne, Paton, Mark, Polkko, Jouni, Schmidt, Walter, Siili, Tero, Fabre, Cécile, Wray, James, Wilhelm, Mary Beth, Poitrasson, Franck, Patel, Kiran, Gorevan, Stephen, Indyk, Stephen, Paulsen, Gale, Gupta, Sanjeev, Bish, David, Schieber, Juergen, Gondet, Brigitte, Langevin, Yves, Geffroy, Claude, Baratoux, David, Berger, Gilles, Cros, Alain, d’Uston, Claude, Forni, Olivier, Gasnault, Olivier, Lasue, Jérémie, Lee, Qiu-Mei, Maurice, Sylvestre, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Pallier, Etienne, Parot, Yann, Pinet, Patrick, Schröder, Susanne, Toplis, Mike, Lewin, Éric, Brunner, Will, Heydari, Ezat, Achilles, Cherie, Oehler, Dorothy, Cabane, Michel, Coscia, David, Dromart, Gilles, Robert, François, Sautter, Violaine, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Mangold, Nicolas, Nachon, Marion, Stalport, Fabien, François, Pascaline, Raulin, François, Teinturier, Samuel, Cameron, James, Clegg, Sam, Cousin, Agnès, DeLapp, Dorothea, Dingler, Robert, Jackson, Ryan Steele, Johnstone, Stephen, Lanza, Nina, Little, Cynthia, Nelson, Tony, Wiens, Roger C., Williams, Richard B., Jones, Andrea, Kirkland, Laurel, Treiman, Allan, Baker, Burt, Cantor, Bruce, Caplinger, Michael, Davis, Scott, Duston, Brian, Edgett, Kenneth, Fay, Donald, Hardgrove, Craig, Harker, David, Herrera, Paul, Jensen, Elsa, Kennedy, Megan R., Krezoski, Gillian, Krysak, Daniel, Lipkaman, Leslie, Malin, Michael, McCartney, Elaina, McNair, Sean, Nixon, Brian, Posiolova, Liliya, Ravine, Michael, Salamon, Andrew, Saper, Lee, Stoiber, Kevin, Supulver, Kimberley, Van Beek, Jason, Van Beek, Tessa, Zimdar, Robert, French, Katherine Louise, Iagnemma, Karl, Miller, Kristen, Summons, Roger, Goesmann, Fred, Goetz, Walter, Hviid, Stubbe, Johnson, Micah, Lefavor, Matthew, Lyness, Eric, Breves, Elly, Dyar, M. Darby, Fassett, Caleb, Blake, David F., Bristow, Thomas, DesMarais, David, Edwards, Laurence, Haberle, Robert, Hoehler, Tori, Hollingsworth, Jeff, Kahre, Melinda, Keely, Leslie, McKay, Christopher, Bleacher, Lora, Brinckerhoff, William, Choi, David, Conrad, Pamela, Dworkin, Jason P., Eigenbrode, Jennifer, Floyd, Melissa, Garvin, James, Glavin, Daniel, Harpold, Daniel, Mahaffy, Paul, Martin, David K., McAdam, Amy, Pavlov, Alexander, Raaen, Eric, Smith, Michael D., Stern, Jennifer, Tan, Florence, Trainer, Melissa, Meyer, Michael, Posner, Arik, Voytek, Mary, Anderson, Robert C, Aubrey, Andrew, Beegle, Luther W., Behar, Alberto, Blaney, Diana, Brinza, David, Calef, Fred, Christensen, Lance, Crisp, Joy A., DeFlores, Lauren, Feldman, Jason, Feldman, Sabrina, Flesch, Gregory, Hurowitz, Joel, Jun, Insoo, Keymeulen, Didier, Maki, Justin, Mischna, Michael, Morookian, John Michael, Parker, Timothy, Pavri, Betina, Schoppers, Marcel, Sengstacken, Aaron, Simmonds, John J., Spanovich, Nicole, Juarez, Manuel de la Torre, Vasavada, Ashwin R., Webster, Christopher R., Yen, Albert, Archer, Paul Douglas, Cucinotta, Francis, Jones, John H., Ming, Douglas, Morris, Richard V., Niles, Paul, Rampe, Elizabeth, Nolan, Thomas, Fisk, Martin, Radziemski, Leon, Barraclough, Bruce, Bender, Steve, Berman, Daniel, Dobrea, Eldar Noe, Tokar, Robert, Vaniman, David, Williams, Rebecca M. E., Yingst, Aileen, Lewis, Kevin, Leshin, Laurie, Cleghorn, Timothy, Huntress, Wesley, Manhès, Gérard, Hudgins, Judy, Olson, Timothy, Stewart, Noel, Sarrazin, Philippe, Grant, John, Vicenzi, Edward, Wilson, Sharon A., Bullock, Mark, Ehresmann, Bent, Hamilton, Victoria, Hassler, Donald, Peterson, Joseph, Rafkin, Scot, Zeitlin, Cary, Fedosov, Fedor, Golovin, Dmitry, Karpushkina, Natalya, Kozyrev, Alexander, Litvak, Maxim, Malakhov, Alexey, Mitrofanov, Igor, Mokrousov, Maxim, Nikiforov, Sergey, Prokhorov, Vasily, Sanin, Anton, Tretyakov, Vladislav, Varenikov, Alexey, Vostrukhin, Andrey, Kuzmin, Ruslan, Clark, Benton, Wolff, Michael, McLennan, Scott, Botta, Oliver, Drake, Darrell, Bean, Keri, Lemmon, Mark, Schwenzer, Susanne P., Anderson, Ryan B., Herkenhoff, Kenneth, Lee, Ella Mae, Sucharski, Robert, Hernández, Miguel Ángel de Pablo, Ávalos, Juan José Blanco, Ramos, Miguel, Kim, Myung-Hee, Malespin, Charles, Plante, Ianik, Muller, Jan-Peter, Ewing, Ryan, Boynton, William, Downs, Robert, Fitzgibbon, Mike, Harshman, Karl, Morrison, Shaunna, Dietrich, William, Kortmann, Onno, Palucis, Marisa, Sumner, Dawn Y., Williams, Amy, Lugmair, Günter, Wilson, Michael A., Rubin, David, Jakosky, Bruce, Balic-Zunic, Tonci, Frydenvang, Jens, Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard, Kinch, Kjartan, Koefoed, Asmus, Madsen, Morten Bo, Stipp, Susan Louise Svane, Boyd, Nick, Campbell, John L., Gellert, Ralf, Perrett, Glynis, Pradler, Irina, VanBommel, Scott, Jacob, Samantha, Owen, Tobias, Rowland, Scott, Savijärvi, Hannu, Boehm, Eckart, Böttcher, Stephan, Burmeister, Sönke, Guo, Jingnan, Köhler, Jan, García, César Martín, Mueller-Mellin, Reinhold, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert, Bridges, John C., McConnochie, Timothy, Benna, Mehdi, Franz, Heather, Bower, Hannah, Brunner, Anna, Blau, Hannah, Boucher, Thomas, Carmosino, Marco, Atreya, Sushil, Elliott, Harvey, Halleaux, Douglas, Rennó, Nilton, Wong, Michael, Pepin, Robert, Elliott, Beverley, Spray, John, Thompson, Lucy, Gordon, Suzanne, Newsom, Horton, Ollila, Ann, Williams, Joshua, Vasconcelos, Paulo, Bentz, Jennifer, Nealson, Kenneth, Popa, Radu, Kah, Linda C., Moersch, Jeffrey, Tate, Christopher, Day, Mackenzie, Kocurek, Gary, Hallet, Bernard, Sletten, Ronald, Francis, Raymond, McCullough, Emily, Cloutis, Ed, ten Kate, Inge Loes, Arvidson, Raymond, Fraeman, Abigail, Scholes, Daniel, Slavney, Susan, Stein, Thomas, Ward, Jennifer, Berger, Jeffrey, Moores, John E., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Laboratorio de Química de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios [Mexico], Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux - EA 4038 (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Astronomy [Ithaca], Cornell University [New York], Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology [GSFC] (CRESST), Centre de Recherche Public Henri Tudor [Technoport] (CRP Henri Tudor), Centre de Recherche Public Henri-Tudor [Luxembourg] (CRP Henri-Tudor), Department of Microbiology [Amherst], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA-NASA, Geophysical Laboratory [Carnegie Institution], Carnegie Institution for Science, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Atlanta], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Granada (UGR), Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering [Luleå], Luleå University of Technology (LUT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Universidad de Granada (UGR)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cornell University, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Department of Microbiology, IMPEC - LATMOS, Universidad de Granada (UGR)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR)

Subjects
Martian, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water on Mars, nitrates, astrobiology, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mars, Mars Exploration Program, 01 natural sciences, nitrogen, Astrobiology, Curiosity, 13. Climate action, Rocknest, 0103 physical sciences, Sample Analysis at Mars, Physical Sciences, Aeolian processes, Composition of Mars, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Nitrogen cycle, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) investigation on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover has detected oxidized nitrogen-bearing compounds during pyrolysis of scooped aeolian sediments and drilled sedimentary deposits within Gale crater. Total N concentrations ranged from 20 to 250 nmol N per sample. After subtraction of known N sources in SAM, our results support the equivalent of 110–300 ppm of nitrate in the Rocknest (RN) aeolian samples, and 70–260 and 330–1,100 ppm nitrate in John Klein (JK) and Cumberland (CB) mudstone deposits, respectively. Discovery of indigenous martian nitrogen in Mars surface materials has important implications for habitability and, specifically, for the potential evolution of a nitrogen cycle at some point in martian history. The detection of nitrate in both wind-drifted fines (RN) and in mudstone (JK, CB) is likely a result of N2 fixation to nitrate generated by thermal shock from impact or volcanic plume lightning on ancient Mars. Fixed nitrogen could have facilitated the development of a primitive nitrogen cycle on the surface of ancient Mars, potentially providing a biochemically accessible source of nitrogen.

Published
2015

32. Organic signatures in Pleistocene cherts from Lake Magadi (Kenya), analogs for early Earth hydrothermal deposits.

Author

Reinhardt, Manuel, Goetz, Walter, Duda, Jan-Peter, Heim, Christine, Reitner, Joachim, and Thiel, Volker

Subjects
GEOBIOLOGY, PLEISTOCENE Epoch, HYDROTHERMAL deposits, BIOSIGNATURES (Origin of life), POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
Abstract

Organic matter in Archean hydrothermal cherts may provide an important archive for molecular traces of earliest life on Earth. The geobiological interpretation of this archive, however, requires a sound understanding of organic matter preservation and alteration in hydrothermal systems. Here we report on organic matter (including molecular biosignatures) enclosed in hydrothermally influenced cherts of the Pleistocene Lake Magadi (Kenya; High Magadi Beds and Green Beds) - important analogs for Archean cherts. The Magadi cherts contain low organic carbon (< 0.4 wt.%) that occurs in form of finely dispersed clots, layers, or encapsulated within microscopic carbonate rhombs. Both, extractable (bitumen) and non-extractable organic matter (kerogen) was analyzed. The bitumens contain immature "biolipids" like glycerol mono- and diethers (e.g., archaeol and extended archaeol), fatty acids and - alcohols indicative for, inter alia, thermophilic cyanobacteria, sulfate reducers, and haloarchaea. However, co-occurring "geolipids" such as n-alkanes, hopanes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) indicate that a fraction of the bitumen has been thermally altered to early or peak oil window maturity. This more mature fraction likely originated from defunctionalization of dissolved organic matter and/or hydrothermal petroleum formation at places of higher thermal flux. Like the bitumens, the kerogens also show variations in thermal maturities, which can partly be explained by admixture of thermally pre-altered macromolecules. However, findings of archaea-derived isoprenoid moieties in some of the kerogens indicate that a fast sequestration of microbial lipids into kerogen must have occurred while hydrothermal alteration was active. We posit that such early sequestration may enhance the survival of molecular biosignatures during in-situ hydrothermal (and post-depositional) alteration through deep time. Furthermore, the co-occurrence of organic matter with different thermal maturities in the Lake Magadi cherts suggests that similar findings in Archean hydrothermal deposits could partly reflect original environmental conditions, and not exclusively post-depositional overprint or contamination. Our results support the view that kerogen in Archean hydrothermal cherts may contain important information on early life. Our study also highlights the suitability of Lake Magadi as an analog system for hydrothermal chert environments on the Archean Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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34. Transient liquid water and water activity at Gale crater on Mars

Author

Martin-Torres, F. Javier, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, Valentin-Serrano, Patricia, Harri, Ari-Matti, Genzer, Maria, Kemppinen, Osku, Rivera-Valentin, Edgard G., Jun, Insoo, Wray, James, Bo Madsen, Morten, Goetz, Walter, McEwen, Alfred S., Hardgrove, Craig, Renno, Nilton, Chevrier, Vincent F., Mischna, Michael, Navarro-Gonzalez, Rafael, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, Conrad, Pamela, McConnochie, Tim, Cockell, Charles, Berger, Gilles, Vasavada, Ashwin R., Sumner, Dawn, Vaniman, David, Martin-Torres, F. Javier, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, Valentin-Serrano, Patricia, Harri, Ari-Matti, Genzer, Maria, Kemppinen, Osku, Rivera-Valentin, Edgard G., Jun, Insoo, Wray, James, Bo Madsen, Morten, Goetz, Walter, McEwen, Alfred S., Hardgrove, Craig, Renno, Nilton, Chevrier, Vincent F., Mischna, Michael, Navarro-Gonzalez, Rafael, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, Conrad, Pamela, McConnochie, Tim, Cockell, Charles, Berger, Gilles, Vasavada, Ashwin R., Sumner, Dawn, and Vaniman, David

Published
2015

35. Compositional Variations of Rocknest Sand, Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Goetz, Walter, Madsen, Morten B., Edgett, Kenneth S., Clark, Benton C., Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Blaney, Diana L., Bridges, Nathan, Fisk, Martin, Hviid, Stubbe F., Kocurek, Gary, Lasue, Jeremie, Maurice, Sylvestre, Newsom, Horton, Renno, Nilton, Rubin, David M., Sullivan, Robert, Wiens, Roger C., and Martin-Torres, Javier

Subjects
Rymd- och flygteknik, Aerospace Engineering
Abstract

Upprättat; 2013; 20150701 (ninhul)

Published
2013

37. Observations and preliminary science results from the first 100 sols of MSL Rover Environmental Monitoring Station ground temperature sensor measurements at Gale Crater

Author

Hamilton, Victoria E., Vasavada, Ashwin R., Sebastian, Eduardo, Juarez, Manuel de la Torre, Ramos, Miguel, Armiens, Carlos, Arvidson, Raymond E., Carrasco, Isaias, Christensen, Philip R., De Pablo, Miguel A., Goetz, Walter, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Lemmon, Mark T., Madsen, Morten B., Javier Martin-Torres, F., Martinez-Frias, Jesus, Molina, Antonio, Palucis, Marisa C., Rafkin, Scot C. R., Richardson, Mark I., Yingst, R. Aileen, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, Hamilton, Victoria E., Vasavada, Ashwin R., Sebastian, Eduardo, Juarez, Manuel de la Torre, Ramos, Miguel, Armiens, Carlos, Arvidson, Raymond E., Carrasco, Isaias, Christensen, Philip R., De Pablo, Miguel A., Goetz, Walter, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Lemmon, Mark T., Madsen, Morten B., Javier Martin-Torres, F., Martinez-Frias, Jesus, Molina, Antonio, Palucis, Marisa C., Rafkin, Scot C. R., Richardson, Mark I., Yingst, R. Aileen, and Zorzano, Maria-Paz

Published
2014

38. RAT magnet experiment on the Mars exploration rovers:spirit and opportunity beyond sol 500

Author

Leer, Kristoffer, Goetz, Walter, Chan, Marjorie A., Gorevan, Steven, Hansen, Mikkel Fought, Lundmand Jensen, Christian, Kletetschka, Gunther, Kusack, Alastair, Madsen, Morten Bo, Leer, Kristoffer, Goetz, Walter, Chan, Marjorie A., Gorevan, Steven, Hansen, Mikkel Fought, Lundmand Jensen, Christian, Kletetschka, Gunther, Kusack, Alastair, and Madsen, Morten Bo

Published
2011

39. RAT magnet experiment on the Mars Exploration Rovers: Spirit and Opportunity beyond sol 500

Author

Leer, Kristoffer, Goetz, Walter, Chan, Marjorie A., Gorevan, Steven, Hansen, Mikkel Fougt, Jensen, Christian Lundmand, Kletetschka, Gunther, Kusack, Alastair, Madsen, Morten Bo, Leer, Kristoffer, Goetz, Walter, Chan, Marjorie A., Gorevan, Steven, Hansen, Mikkel Fougt, Jensen, Christian Lundmand, Kletetschka, Gunther, Kusack, Alastair, and Madsen, Morten Bo

Abstract

The Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT) magnet experiment on the Mars Exploration Rovers was designed to collect dust from rocks ground by the RAT of the two rovers on the surface of Mars. The dust collected on the magnets is now a mixture of dust from many grindings. Here the new data from the experiment are presented. The findings from Mars are furthermore compared to simulation experiments performed on Earth. New experiments with analog rocks that mainly contain hematite indicate the likely presence of a stronger magnetic phase besides hematite in the outcrop rock formations found on Meridiani Planum, a phase which was hitherto not detected by other measurements (such as Mossbauer) on these rocks.

Published
2011

42. Backscattering Mössbauer spectroscopy of Martian dust

Author

Bertelsen, Preben, Madsen, M. B., Binau, C.S., Goetz, Walter, Gunnlaugsson, Haraldur Pall, Hviid, S.F., Kinch, Kjartan Münster, Klingelhöfer, G., Leer, K., Madsen, D. E., Merrison, J., Olsen, M., Squyres, S.W., Bertelsen, Preben, Madsen, M. B., Binau, C.S., Goetz, Walter, Gunnlaugsson, Haraldur Pall, Hviid, S.F., Kinch, Kjartan Münster, Klingelhöfer, G., Leer, K., Madsen, D. E., Merrison, J., Olsen, M., and Squyres, S.W.

Abstract

Mars, dust, 57-Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy Udgivelsesdato: 27 Oct.

Published
2006

43. The sweep effect and calibration targets for the NASA phoenix mars lander 2007

Author

Madsen, M.B., Drube, L., Gaarsmand, J, Goetz, Walter, Gross, M., Gunnlaugsson, Haraldur Pall, Hviid, S.F., Kinch, K.M., Leer, K., Lemmon, M.T., Merrison, J., Nørnberg, P., Olsen, M., Smith, P., Shinohara, Chris, Madsen, M.B., Drube, L., Gaarsmand, J, Goetz, Walter, Gross, M., Gunnlaugsson, Haraldur Pall, Hviid, S.F., Kinch, K.M., Leer, K., Lemmon, M.T., Merrison, J., Nørnberg, P., Olsen, M., Smith, P., and Shinohara, Chris

Abstract

Mars

Published
2006

44. Simulations of the magnetic properties experiment on Mars exploration Rovers

Author

Gunnlaugsson, H.P., Worm, E.S., Bertelsen, Preben, Goetz, Walter, Kinch, Kjartan Münster, Madsen, M. B., Merrison, J. P., Nørnberg, P., Gunnlaugsson, H.P., Worm, E.S., Bertelsen, Preben, Goetz, Walter, Kinch, Kjartan Münster, Madsen, M. B., Merrison, J. P., and Nørnberg, P.

Abstract

Magnetism, Mars, Simulations Udgivelsesdato: Nov.

Published
2006

45. Large multispectral and albedo panoramas acquired by the pancam instruments on the Mars exploration rovers spirit and opportunity

Author

Johnson, M.J., Johnson, J.R., Joseph, J., Madsen, M.B., Proton, J., Goetz, Walter, Bell, J.F., Arneson, H.M., Farrand, W.H., Hayes, A.G., Herkenhoff, K., Kinch, K.M., McCartney, E., Athena Science team, Johnson, M.J., Johnson, J.R., Joseph, J., Madsen, M.B., Proton, J., Goetz, Walter, Bell, J.F., Arneson, H.M., Farrand, W.H., Hayes, A.G., Herkenhoff, K., Kinch, K.M., McCartney, E., and Athena Science team

Abstract

Theoretical physcis and planetary Physics

Published
2005

46. The rock abrasion tool. Mars exploration rover mission

Author

Gorevan, S.P., Myrick, T., Davis, K., Chau, J.J., Bartlett, P.C., Mukherjee, S., Stroescu, S., Batting, C., Anderson, R., Squyres, S.W., Arvidson, R.E., Madsen, M.B., Bertelsen, Preben, Goetz, Walter, Binau, C.S., Gorevan, S.P., Myrick, T., Davis, K., Chau, J.J., Bartlett, P.C., Mukherjee, S., Stroescu, S., Batting, C., Anderson, R., Squyres, S.W., Arvidson, R.E., Madsen, M.B., Bertelsen, Preben, Goetz, Walter, and Binau, C.S.

Abstract

Udgivelsesdato: 26 Dec.

Published
2003

47. The magnetic properties experiments on the Mars exploration rover mission

Author

Madsen, M.B., Bertelsen, Preben, Goetz, Walter, Binau, C.S., Olsen, M., Folkmann, F., Gunnlaugsson, H.P., Kinch, Kjartan Münster, Knudsen, J.M., Merrison, J., Nørnberg, P., Squyres, S.W., Yen, A.S., Rademacher, J.D., Gorevan, S.P., Myrick, T., Bartlett, P.C., Madsen, M.B., Bertelsen, Preben, Goetz, Walter, Binau, C.S., Olsen, M., Folkmann, F., Gunnlaugsson, H.P., Kinch, Kjartan Münster, Knudsen, J.M., Merrison, J., Nørnberg, P., Squyres, S.W., Yen, A.S., Rademacher, J.D., Gorevan, S.P., Myrick, T., and Bartlett, P.C.

Published
2003

49. Magnetic enhancement on the surface of Mars ?

Author

Hargraves, R.B., Knudsen, Jens Martin, Bertelsen, Preben, Goetz, Walter, Gunnlaugsson, Haraldur Pall, Hviid, S.F., Madsen, M.B., Olsen, M., Hargraves, R.B., Knudsen, Jens Martin, Bertelsen, Preben, Goetz, Walter, Gunnlaugsson, Haraldur Pall, Hviid, S.F., Madsen, M.B., and Olsen, M.

Abstract

Mars, Planetfysik, Magnetiske jordarter

Published
2000

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