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Andiorrhinus (Quibario) tatuy Feijoo, Brown & James, 2017 Distribution. Mérida: Zerpa Mount, 2200 masl (Feijoo, Brown & James, 2017)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Feijoo, A. M., Brown, G. G. & James, S. W. (2017) New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa, 4363 (1), 55 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4363.1.2"]}

Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) baniwa (Righi & Nemeth, 1983) Andiorrhinus baniwa Righi & Nemeth, 1983:99. Distribution. Amazonas: Casiquiare and Negro River confluence (Righi & Nemeth, 1983)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G. & Nemeth, A. (1983) Alguns Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae, da Amazonia venezuelana. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 35, 93 - 108."]}

Martiodrilus (Maipure) tapiai sp. nov. (Fig. 3A–D) Etymology. The name of the species was given as a tribute to Dra. Sandra Tapia Coral, Professor of Research National Learning Service (= acronym in Spanish SENA), Leticia, Colombia, for all her important contributions to the knowledge on tropical earthworms and their ecology, especially in the Amazon region. Holotype. Clitellate specimen (CNLT-UTP-0358). Locality: Perú, Department of Loreto, Santa Rosa Farm (5°53'56'' S, 76°10'34'' O). Type of vegetation: Forest fallow Altitude: 168 m. a.s.l. Sampling depth: 20 cm. Collection dates: 16 October 2016. Collectors: Obed Carrascal Torres. Paratypes. Four adults, five juveniles (CNLT-UTP-0359).Same collection data as holotype. Description. Epigeic species, with a light blue to Bermuda grey-colored dorsum, milky-white ventrum, and cylindrical body. Holotype: length (preserved) 132 mm, diameter 3.8 mm in preclitellar region (segment 8), 4.7 mm at clitellum, and 3.4 mm in mid-posterior region. Number of segments: 186. Paratypes (four adults): Adult 1: 122 mm long, diameter 2.7 mm in preclitellar region, 3.3 mm at clitellum, 3.3 mm in mid-posterior region, number of segments: 112. Adult 2: 88.7 mm long, diameter 2.8 mm in preclitellar region, 3.2 mm at clitellum, 2.8 mm in mid-posterior region; number of segments: 119. Adult 3: 110 mm long, diameter 3.0 mm in preclitellar region, 3.6 mm at clitellum, 3.4 mm in mid-posterior region; number of segments: 170. Adult 4: fragmented. The first segment invaginated. The prostomium short and lobe-shaped. Eight rows of closely paired setae are visible (a, b, c, d) as of segment 4. Common setae measures 0.3 mm, has a slightly concave shape and then presents a strong curvature to finish with a hook shape (Fig. 3A). Distance between setae in mid-body region (segments 40–50); aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 5.2:1:0.6:0.3:17.4. Genital setae in segments 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 measure 0.7 mm, the genital setae are elongated with a slight curvature in the proximal third with semilunar marks and then ends in a spear-shaped point (Fig. 3B). Clitellum blue in the dorsal region and milky white ventral (preserved), saddle-shaped, in segments 14–25 (=12 segments); tubercula pubertatis between segments 19–24 (Fig. 3C). Male pores in segment 18/19, female pores in segment 14/15. Nephropores aligned with setae c. Four pairs of spermathecal pores observed in intersegments 5/6, 6/7, 7/8, 8/9. Between segments 8 and 18, a pair circular areas around setae a and b are observed, except 11 and 12, in which have only one. Internal anatomy. Anterior septa very fragile: only tiny membranous threads representing the septa are observed between segments 7 and 14. Gizzard rounded, in segment 6. Eight pairs of small extramural, tubularshaped calciferous glands, opening into dorsal region of esophagus in segments 7–14; all glands of similar size, with a small appendage in the distal region highly irrigated with blood; gland structure of composite-tubular type, consisting of short parietal tubules that flow into each other. In the center, the tubules merge together in the lumen from where they branch out toward the tip of the calciferous gland. Esophagus-intestine transition at 18/19, typhlosole beginning in segments 29–30. No caeca. Three pairs of thin lateral hearts in segments 7–9, separating the calciferous glands, and two pairs of voluminous intestinal hearts in segments 10 and 11. One pair of holonephridia per segment, nephridiopores located just above the line of setae c. Two pairs of large hypo-esophageal testis sacs in segments 10 and 11, two pairs of seminal vesicles extending forward in segments 11 and 12. One pair of ovaries in segment 13. Four pairs of spermathecae that increase in size, 9=8>7>6, those of segments 8 and 9 are 1 mm, in line with setae c. In each spermathecae the duct is indistinguishable from the ampulla and they are rod-shaped; no seminal chambers (Fig. 3D). Remarks. Martiodrilus (Maipure) tapiai sp. nov. is a species closely related to M. (Mp.) palmirus (Zicsi and Feijoo1994) (Palmira, Colombia), the number of segments occupied by the clitellum in 15- ½ 25 (vs. 14–25) and the presence of four pairs of spermathecae in 5/6-8/9 are similar features. However, palmirus differs from the new species in the following characteristics: tubercula pubertatis in segments 1/n 20 - ¼ 25 (vs. 19–24). It also differs in the shape of the spermathecae, shape and size of common setae, ornamentation of genital setae and, the location of male pores in 20/21 (vs. in 18/19).

Genus Martiodrilus Hypogaeon, Schmarda (1861); Rhinodrilus, Benham, 1890 (partim); Anteus, Beddard, 1895 (partim); Thamnodrilus, Michaelsen, 1918 (partim); Martiodrilus, Michaelsen, 1936., Published as part of Feijoo, Alexander & Lavelle, Patrick, 2023, New species and records of earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta: Crassiclitellata) in small holder farming systems in the Peruvian Amazon, pp. 157-170 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 160, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.17, http://zenodo.org/record/7744620, {"references":["Schmarda, L. K. (1861) Neue wirbellose Tiere, beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde, 1853 - 1857. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, Bd, 1 (2), pp. 7 - 14.","Benham, W. B. (1890) An attempt to classify earthworms. Quarterly Journal of the Microscopical Society, 31, 201 - 315. https: // doi. org / 10.1242 / jcs. s 2 - 31.122.201","Michaelsen, W. (1918) Die Lumbriciden, mit besonderer Ber ¸ cksichtigung der bisher als Glossoscolecidae zusammengefassten Unterfamilien. Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik, 41, 1 - 398.","Michaelsen, W. (1936) On the genus Thamnodrilus Beddard. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1936, 1171 - 1173. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1936. tb 06306. x"]}

Righiodrilus paolettii (Righi, 1984b) Glossodrilus paolettii Righi, 1984b: 251. Righiodrilus paollettii Brown & Fragoso, 2007b (misspelling). Distribution. Aragua: Henri Pittier National Park: Rancho Grande (Righi 1984b)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 194, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G. (1984 b) Nova contribuic \" o ao conhecimento dos Oligochaeta da Venezuela. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 35, 243 - 256."]}

Urobenus brasiliensis (Benham) BRSC0044, 1 juvenile in native forest, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (-26.21896, -50.30357); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0049, 7 juveniles in native forest, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (-26.23965, -50.30039); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0050, 1 juvenile in native forest, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (-26.23978, -50.30050); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0052, 2 juveniles in Pinus sp. plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Três Barras National Forest, Três BarrasSC (-26.21782, -50.30531); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0069, 4 juveniles in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (-26.21132, -50.29314); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1308, 1 juvenile in native forest, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Irati National Forest, Irati-PR (-25.36161, -50.58368); February, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1314, 1 juvenile in Pinus sp. plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Irati National Forest, IratiPR (-25.39549, -50.59412); February, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1316, 1 juvenile in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Irati National Forest, Irati-PR (-25.37441, -50.57596); February, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1317, 1 juvenile in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Irati National Forest, Irati-PR (-25.37436, -50.57630); February, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1325, 1 juvenile in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Irati National Forest, Irati-PR (-25.36414, -50.58398); February, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1331, 1 juvenile in native forest, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Piraí do Sul National Forest, Piraí do Sul-PR (-24.57668, -49.91720); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1836, 1 juvenile in Pinus sp. plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Piraí do Sul National Forest, Piraí do Sul-PR (-24.57451, -49.92110); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1837, 2 juveniles in Pinus sp. plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Piraí do Sul National Forest, Piraí do Sul-PR (-24.57437, -49.92684); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1838, 1 juvenile in Pinus sp. plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Piraí do Sul National Forest, Piraí do Sul-PR (- 24.57426, -49.92665); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1341, 1 juvenile in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Piraí do Sul National Forest, Piraí do Sul-PR (-24.57817, -49.91392); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1841, 2 juveniles in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Piraí do Sul National Forest, Piraí do Sul-PR (-24.57382, -49.92761); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1842, 1 juvenile in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Piraí do Sul National Forest, Piraí do Sul-PR (-24.57351, -49.92757); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0073, 1 juvenile in native forest, formalin extraction, Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (- 26.23320, -50.29207); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0075, 1 juvenile in native forest, formalin extraction, in Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (-26.23334, -50.29199); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0076, 1 juvenile in native forest, formalin extraction, Três Barras National Forest, Três BarrasSC (-26.23333, -50.29164); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0080, 1 juvenile in native forest, formalin extraction, Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (-26.23978, -50.30050); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0265, 1 juvenile in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, formalin extraction, Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (-26.23406, -50.29224); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0283, 3 individuals (1 adult and 2 juveniles) in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, formalin extractionin Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (-26.23406, -50.29224); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0266, 1 juvenile in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, formalin extraction, Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (-26.23808, -50.29839); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0268, 4 individuals (1 adult and 3 juveniles) in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, formalin extraction, Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (-26.23794, -50.29817); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0271, 3 juveniles in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, formalin extraction, Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (-26.23793, -50.29774); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1356, 1 adult in Pinus sp. plantation, formalin extraction, Irati National Forest, Irati-PR (-25.39529, -50.59349); February, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1358, 1 juvenile in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, formalin extraction, Irati National Forest, Irati-PR (-25.37441, -50.57596); February, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1359, 2 juveniles in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, formalin extraction, Irati National Forest, Irati-PR (-25.37436, -50.57630); February, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1362, 3 juveniles in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, formalin extraction, Irati National Forest, Irati-PR (-25.36414, -50.58398); February, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1368, 4 adults in native forest, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Piraí do Sul National Forest, Piraí do Sul-PR (-24.57668, -49.91720); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSP0465, 3 adults in native forest, formalin extraction, Cap „o Bonito National Forest, Cap„o Bonito-SP (-23.87919, -48.51635); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls., Published as part of Demetrio, Wilian Carlo, Fonseca, Priscila Mouro Da, Dudas, Rafaela, Zagatto, Mauricio G. R., Feijoo, Alexander & Brown, George Gardner, 2023, Earthworm species in native and planted forests in Brazil, pp. 304-323 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 315, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.25, http://zenodo.org/record/7744984

Andiorrhinus (Andiorrhinus) kuru Moreno & Paoletti, 2004 Distribution. Amazonas: Buena vista village: next to Padamo river (Moreno & Paoletti 2004).

Glossoscolex n.sp. 9 (new species) BRSP0757, BRSP0762, and BRSP0775 (2 adults each) in IP; February 23, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors. BRSP0787, 1 adult in AP; February 23, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors.

Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) timotocuica Feijoo, Brown & James, 2017 Distribution. Mérida: Beside to the Universitary nucleus "La Hechicera”, Los Andes University, 1950 masl, Zerpa Mount, 2200 masl (Feijoo, Brown & James, 2017)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Feijoo, A. M., Brown, G. G. & James, S. W. (2017) New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa, 4363 (1), 55 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4363.1.2"]}

Rhinodrilus lavellei (Righi, 1992) Native, endogeic. Locality: Perú, Department of Loreto, Santa Rosa Fundo (5°53'56'' S 76°10'34'' W). Type of vegetation: Secondary forest. Altitude: 168 m. a.s.l. Material collected: 3 adult. Sampling depth: 0-10 cm. Collection dates: 16 October 2016. Collector: Obed Carrascal Torres. Other localities: Y38SPC, 30 August, Latitude 5° 57´21”; Plant cover: Secondary forest. 21 January 2017. Collectors: Patrick Lavelle. Y44 EPYC-B2, Santa Lucia, Latitude: 5°53’48.54'' S, Longitude: 75°10’33”W; Plant cover: secondary forest. Collection date: 28 April 2016. Name of collector: Patrick Lavelle., Published as part of Feijoo, Alexander & Lavelle, Patrick, 2023, New species and records of earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta: Crassiclitellata) in small holder farming systems in the Peruvian Amazon, pp. 157-170 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 167, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.17, http://zenodo.org/record/7744620, {"references":["Righi, G. (1992) Four new Peruvian earthworms. Soil Biology Biochemistry, 24 (12), 1223 - 1230. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0038 - 0717 (92) 90097 - H"]}

Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) araucariaensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1) Etymology. The name of the species is given for Araucaria angustifolia, the dominant tree species of the type of vegetation in the habitat at the type locality. Holotype. BRSC0024, one adult found in surface soil (0-20 cm depth) in an Araucaria angustifolia tree plantation at the Três Barras National Forest, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil; 26.23353°S, 50.29291°W, 812 masl, 18 January, 2012, Priscila M. da Fonseca, coll. Paratype. BRSC0025, one adult in two pieces, same collection data as holotype. Other material examined. BRSC0042, two adults, one of them fragmented (only anterior segments, cut off after clitellum) in surface soil (0-20 cm depth) of native Araucaria forest (mixed ombrophilous forest) at the Três Barras National Forest, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil; 26.21908°S, 50.30366°W, 812 masl, 18 January, 2012, Priscila M. da Fonseca, coll. Description. Endogeic species with cylindrical body, lacking pigmentation. Holotype: length 117.1 mm, diameter 1.6 mm in preclitellar region, 2.0 mm at clitellum, 1.9 mm in postclitellar region. Number of segments 305. Paratype: 139 mm long, with diameter 2.0 mm (segment 10), 1.6 mm (segment 21) and 1.8 mm (segment 40). Number of segments 262 (175 in piece with clitellum and 87 in piece with posterior region). The first segment is invaginated. Prolobic prostomium. Setae lumbricine, closely paired, setae a, b visible from segment 12, and c, d from 27. Setal ratio in segment 40: aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 10:1:1.5:0.5:10. The annular-shaped clitellum lies in segments 15–23, 24 (=9, 10), with tubercula pubertatis absent (Fig. 1A). Male pores in segment 17 are at the tip of a genital tumescence with the shape of volcanic crater (Fig. 1A). Female pores are in segment 14, pre-setal, below nephropore and aligned close to setae b. The nephropores are above the setae b. Internal anatomy. The anterior septa of the segments 6/7–10/11 are thin, conical and interpenetrated but thicker than the rest in the posterior region. Elongated and muscular gizzard in segment 6. One pair calciferous glands with round shape and composite tubular structure [(= Kompositenschlauchtaschen, see Michaelsen (1918: 50)] in segment 12 (Fig. 1B). Oesophagus–intestine transition begins in segment 15 and the typhlosole starts in segment 16. Intestinal caeca absent. Five pairs of hearts in segments 7–11. One pair of holonephridia per segment. Ovaries and ovarian funnels in segment 13. One pair of seminal vesicles beginning in segment 12 and extending to segment 93. Male sexual system metandric, testes and funnels in single mid-ventral subesophageal sac in 11; with vas deferens beginning in segment 11 and extending backwards above a, b setae, penetrating the copulatory chambers in segment 17, and exiting at the male pore in segment 17. Copulatory chambers, bean shaped, present in segments 17–18 (Fig. 1B). Remarks. Glossoscolex (G.) araucariaensis sp. nov. is close to G. (G.) mariarum Bartz & James, 2012 (Lupionópolis, Paraná, Brazil), G. (G.) terraopimus Bartz & James, 2012 (Ortigueira, Paraná, Brazil) by the presence and position of annular clitellum and lack of tubercula pubertatis, but is separated by the shape and position of the copulatory pouches [G. (G.) mariarum: fusiform, 1/3 15-19; G. (G.) terraopimus: reniform, 15-1/2 18] vs. bean shaped, present in segments 17–18, as well as the setal distances., Published as part of Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander & Brown, George G., 2023, Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, pp. 220-234 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on pages 223-224, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, http://zenodo.org/record/7744725, {"references":["Michaelsen, W. (1918) Die Lumbriciden, mit besonderer Ber ¸ cksichtigung der bisher als Familie Glossoscolecidae zusammengefassen Unterfamilien. Zoologische Jahrb ¸ cher, Abteilung f ¸ r Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 41, 1 - 398.","Bartz, M. L., James, S. W., Pasini, A. & Brown, G. G. (2012) New earthworm species of Glossoscolex Leuckart, 1835 and Fimoscolex Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) from Northern Parana, Brazil. Zootaxa, 3458, 59 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3458.1.3"]}

Rhinodrilus elisianae Righi, Ayres & Bittencourt, 1976 Distribution. Amazonas: Near to Mavaca River (Drachenberg, 1991)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 201, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G., Ayres, I. & Bittencourt, E. C. R. (1976) Glossoscolecidae (Oligochaeta) do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia. Acta Amazonica, 6, 335 - 367. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1809 - 43921976063335","Drachenberg, C. E. A. (1991) Alguns Oligochaeta (Glossoscolecidae) da regi \" o do Rio Mavaca na Amazonia Venezuelana. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, 7, 143 - 150."]}

Subgenus Martiodrilus (Martiodrilus) Righi, 1995, sensu Zicsi, 2000 Diagnosis. Different sizes, without pigments, dark blue, green or with stripes that vary between black and yellow. Setae in 8 longitudinal rows all over the body, rarely in an irregular arrangement at the end of the body. Intraclitellar male pores. Calciferous glands 8 pairs in segment 7-14, with composite tubular structure. Holandric and metagynous genitalia. 1, 2, or 3 pairs of spermathecae. Dissepiments thickened behind oesophagus. Holonephridia without rosette shaped nephrostoma (modified Zicsi, 2000). Type species. Martiodrilus (Martiodrilus) heterostichon heterostichon (Schmarda, 1861) Distribution. Number of species: 27, 3 subspecies. Ecuador (23), Colombia (4), Peru (1). In some cases, the species are distributed in several countries, for example Martiodrilus (Martiodrilus) heterostichon colpochaeta (Cognetti, 1906) (Ecuador, Colombia)., Published as part of Feijoo, Alexander & Lavelle, Patrick, 2023, New species and records of earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta: Crassiclitellata) in small holder farming systems in the Peruvian Amazon, pp. 157-170 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on pages 163-164, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.17, http://zenodo.org/record/7744620, {"references":["Righi, G. (1995) Colombian earthworms. In: Van der Hammen, T. & Dos Santos, A. G. (Eds.), Studies on Tropical Andean Ecosystems / Estudios de Ecosistemas Tropandinos 4. Cramer, Berlin, pp. 485 - 607.","Zicsi, A. (2000) Revision der untergattung Martiodrilus (Martiodrilus, 1936) (Oligocahaeta: Glossoscolecidae) regenwurmer aus Sudamerika, 29. Opusc. Zool. Budapest, 32, 139 - 167.","Schmarda, L. K. (1861) Neue wirbellose Tiere, beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde, 1853 - 1857. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, Bd, 1 (2), pp. 7 - 14.","Cognetti de Martiis L. (1906) Oligocheti della regione Neotropicale II. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, 56 (2), 147 - 262."]}

Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) boconius (Righi, 1989) Andiorrhinus boconius Righi, 1989:1069. Distribution. Trujillo: Boconó-Guaramacal road 2500 masl, La Cristalina 2500 masl (Righi 1989), Guaramacal: Near Boconó 2900 masl, La Cristalina: Near Boconó 2900 masl, La Laguna: Near Boconó 1900 masl (Righi 1993)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on pages 197-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G. (1989) Adic \" o ao conhecimento dos Oligochaeta da Venezuela. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, Rio de Janeiro, 49, 1065 - 1084.","Righi, G. (1993) Venezuelan earthworms and considerations on the genus Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecida). Tropical Zoology (Special Issue), 1, 125 - 139."]}

Rhinodrilus pashanasii (Righi, 1992) Native, endogeic. Locality: Perú, Department of Loreto, Santa Rosa farm (5°53'56'' S 76°10'34'' W). Type of vegetation: secondary forest. Altitude: 168 m. a.s.l. Material collected: 2 adults. Sampling depth: 0-20 cm. litter. Collection dates: 16 October 2016. Collector: Obed Carrascal Torres. Other localities: Y44 EPYC-C1, Santa Lucia, Latitude: 5°53’48.54'' S, Longitude: 75°10’33”W; Plant cover: secondary forest. Collection date: 28 April 2016. Name of collector: Patrick Lavelle., Published as part of Feijoo, Alexander & Lavelle, Patrick, 2023, New species and records of earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta: Crassiclitellata) in small holder farming systems in the Peruvian Amazon, pp. 157-170 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 167, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.17, http://zenodo.org/record/7744620, {"references":["Righi, G. (1992) Four new Peruvian earthworms. Soil Biology Biochemistry, 24 (12), 1223 - 1230. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0038 - 0717 (92) 90097 - H"]}

Genus Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908: 919–923; Michaelsen 1918: 190; Cordero 1945: 2; Righi 1971: 16; 1986: 124; 1993: 125–139; Zicsi 1995: 588. Type species. Andiorrhinus salvadori Cognetti, 1908. Diagnosis. Eight setae per segment; intraclitellar male pores; three pairs of calciferous glands in VII–IX, lamellar structure; a pair of testes in X and XI within testis sacs; two pairs of seminal vesicles restricted to XI and XII; ovaries in XIII; spermathecae in pre-testicular segments. Subgenus Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) Righi, 1993 Type species. Andiorrhinus (Amaz.) rondoniensis Righi, 1986 Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) caxiuana n. sp. Hernandez-Garcia & Sousa (Figure 2A,G) Holotype. Holotype. MPEG. ANL 001208, one adult, complete, secondary forest 1 year old, FLONA de Caxiuan „, Melgaço, Pará, Brazil, 1°46’7’’S, 51°26’35’’W, 24 masl, January 2014. Santos, P. coll. Paratype. MPEG. ANL 001206, two adults, one amputee and one fracgmented, secondary forest 2 years old, FLONA de Caxiuan „, Melgaço, Pará, Brazil, 1°46’7’’S, 51°26’35’’W, 24 masl, January 2014. Santos, P. coll. MPEG. ANL 001207, one preadult mature, complete, secondary forest 2 years old, FLONA de Caxiuan„, Melgaço, Pará, Brazil, 1°46’7’’S, 51°26’35’’W, 24 masl, July 2016. Santos, P. coll. MPEG. ANL 002396, one adult, complete, secondary forest 40 years old, FLONA de Caxiuan „, Melgaço, Pará, Brazil, 1°45’32.083”S, 51°26’22.236”W, 28 masl, January 2014. Medeiros, P.S.J. coll. MPEG. ANL 002397, one adult, complete, secondary forest 40 years old, FLONA de Caxiuan„, Melgaço, Pará, Brazil, 1°44’36.157”S, 51°26’44.167”W, 43 masl, May 2014. Medeiros, P.S.J. coll. Etymology. The species name derives from the region where earthworms where collected. Description. Dimensions: holotype 113 mm in length by 4.5 mm at X, 5.1 mm at clitellum, 4.3 mm at XXX, 158 segments; paratypes 1 and 2 amputee 57—84 mm in length by 3.5–4.9 mm at X, 5.0– 5.8 mm at clitellum and 4.2–5.0 mm at XXX, 62–119 segments respectively. Paratypes 3 and 4 complete 57–84 mm in length by 3.9–4.0 mm at X, 4.0–5.0 mm at clitellum and 3.5–3.8 mm at XXX, 62–119 segments respectively. Body cylindrical, dark brown in color after fixed. Setae ab and cd commence on IV, closely paired-type. Setal arrangement aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 7:1:15:0.8:53 at XXX for holotype. Prostomium tentacular 4.5–5.8 mm in length (Fig 2A). Clitellum beige in color, saddle shaped reaching just near B line, in XVI–1/2XXV (Fig 2B). In XVI the clitellum above only setae cd. Puberal furrows in XX-XXIII just beside B line. Post-clitellar common setae slightly sigmoidal, setae ab of XXX 430–500 μ m in length, smooth at the apical part and truncated at base (Fig. 2C). Genital markings as smooth white papillae are in 18–23 on AB line. Genital setae associated to follicles of spermathecae of IX on ab, straight, 1700–1850 μ m in length. Genital setae ab of XXII, straight, seta a 1930–2050 μ m in length, the concave sub-apical part ornamented with fourteen-fifteen alternate semilunar excavations, setae b 2830–3000 μ m in length, the concave sub-apical part ornamented with nineteen–twenty alternate semilunar excavations (Fig. 2D). Microscopical male and female pores not recognized externally. Three pairs of spermathecal pore marks are present just near the intersegmental lines 6/7–8/ 9 in CD line (Fig. 2E). Nephropores at anterior part of segments near the intersegmental limit, and aligned with CD line, first nephropore visible in V. Pre-clitellar septa very fragile, membranous septa in 11/12–14/15, intraclitellar septa membranous. Gizzard in segment VI, 5.0 mm in wide and 6.2 mm in length, highly muscular, internal musculature 1.2 mm. Intestinal origin in XXVIII. Typhlosole as a folded lamina at XXIX extended to CXVIII, occupying approximately 70-80% of the intestinal diameter. Three pairs of lamellar calciferous glands in VII–IX, ventral-dorsal connection, pedunculated at dorsal connection, and with 26–28 lamella in the middle region. The glands are 0.6–1.0 mm wide and 2.5–2.7 mm in length (Fig. 2F). Holonephric, post-clitellar nephridium vesiculate, open to coelom, with one loop connected to the bladder compartment by a glandular tube. The bladder is extended almost a half of the circumference to the body. The vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, and three pairs of lateral blood vessels in VII–IX. Four pairs of big lateroesophageal hearts in X–XIII. Supra-esophageal vessel runs over the dorsal side. Those of X–XXVIII thinner than intestine region. One pair of flabellate ovaries are in XIII. Female funnels on 13/14. Female pores open in 14/ 15 in A line. Three pairs of spermathecae in VII–IX; seminal chambers are present in the ducts, the duct of the more developed spermathecae measures 0.35 mm wide and 0.3–0.4 mm in length, the oval ampulla measures 0.6–0.75 mm wide and 0.45–0.5 mm in length (Fig. 2G). A ventral and big glandular mass is observed fixed to the wall of IX, near the spermatheca with follicles associated to genital setae ab, there is not replacement setae. Spermathecal pores open just near the intersegmental limits 6/7, 7/8, 8/ 9 in CD line. Two pairs of globular testes sacs are beside to hearts in X–XI. Male funnels are on anterior body wall. A pair of seminal vesicles are in XI–XII. A pair of deferent sperm ducts go parallel through B line and open on 19/20. Remarks. 48 species distributed in Venezuela (24), Brazil (20), Colombia (3), Bolivia (3), Guyana (1), Paraguay (1). Some species found in more than one country (Brown & Fragoso 2007). Andiorrhinus with four pairs of intestinal hearts in 10, 11, 12, 13 (Righi 1993); 21 species distributed in Brazil (14), Venezuela (5), Bolivia (3), Colombia (1), Paraguay (1). Some species found in two countries (Brown & Fragoso 2007). The new species Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) caxiuana n. sp. is similar to A. (Amaz.) rondoniensis Righi 1986 and A. (Amaz.) gavi Righi & Araujo 1999 by the clitellum and tubercula pubertatis extension in XVI–XXV and 1/2XX, XX–XXIII, 1/2XXIII. The main difference with A. (Amaz.) rondoniensis is the male pore position, which is in XXI in A. (Amaz.) rondoniensis. Position of male pore (19/20) is the same in A. (Amaz.) gavi and A. (Amaz.) caxiuana, however there are other differences among both species; ornamented common setae, and longer genital setae (1mm) in A. (Amaz.) gavi; setae arrangement 5:1:7.3:0.7:15.7 for A. (Amaz.) gavi and 7.0:1.0:15.0:0.8:53.0 for A. (Amaz.). caxiuana; intestine origin in XXIII for A. (Amaz.) gavi vs XXVIII for A. (Amaz.) caxiuana. A. (Amaz.) caxiuana also is smaller, at least one quarter or a half in length, and has one glandular mass associated to spermathecae in IX vs two in VII and VIII of A. (Amaz.) gavi, Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Beckman, Ruana Aretha Farias Santiago, Pereira, Natália Jovita & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, Rhinodrilus priscilae and Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) caxiuana (Crassiclitellata Rcrilidae) two new species from Caxiuanã National Forest, pp. 212-219 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on pages 215-217, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.20, http://zenodo.org/record/7744719, {"references":["Cognetti, L. (1908) Lombrichi di Costa Rica e del Venezuela. Atti della Reale Accademie delle Scienze di Torino, 43, 505 - 518.","Righi, G. (1993) Venezuelan earthworms and considerations on the genus Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecida). Tropical Zoology (Special Issue), 1, 125 - 139.","Righi, G. (1986). Alguns Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae, de Rondonia, Brasil. Boletim de Zoologia, 10 (10), 283 - 303. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 3358. bolzoo. 1986.122358"]}

Genus Glossoscolex Leuckart, 1835 (in Froriep 1835). Type species. Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) giganteus Leuckart, 1836 (in Oken 1836) Diagnosis. Setae in 8 longitudinal lines. One pair of male pores. One pair of calciferous glands in segment 11 or 12 with composite-tubular structure. Sexual system metandric and metagynic; seminal vesicles in general long; a pair of copulatory bulbs connecting sperm ducts and the external male genital pores; spermathecae absent. Number of described species/subspecies: 58 (including the ones in the present paper). Distribution (No. species/subspecies): Brazil (48), Argentina (6), Paraguay (4), Uruguay (4) (updated from Feijoo & Brown 2018). In a few cases (5) species have been found in more than one country (Fragoso & Brown 2007)., Published as part of Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander & Brown, George G., 2023, Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, pp. 220-234 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, http://zenodo.org/record/7744725, {"references":["Leuckart, F. S. (1836) Abbildung neuer Genus Ringelwurm. Isis Oken, 764.","Feijoo, A. & Brown, G. G. (2018) New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from Embrapa Forestry, Parana, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4496, 492 - 502. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4496.1.38","Fragoso, C. & Brown, G. G. (2007) Ecologia y taxonomia de las lombrices de tierra en Latino-America: El primer Encuentro Latino-Americano de Ecologia y Taxonomia de Oligoquetos (ELAETAO 1). In: Brown, G. G. & Fragoso, C. (Eds.), Minhocas na America Latina: biodiversidad e ecologia. Embrapa Soja, Londrina, pp. 33 - 75."]}

Righiodrilus guahibo (Righi & Molina, 1994) Glossodrilus guahibo Righi & Molina, 1994: 306. Distribution. Barinas: Ticoporo Forestal Reserve: Unidad II (Righi & Molina1994)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 193, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G. & Molina, S. (1994) Terricolous Oligochaeta (Glossoscolecida) of the Venezuelan Llanos. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 101, 299 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79909"]}

Rhinodrilus sp.2 BRDF0415, (1 individual), BRDF0418, (1 individual), in open humid savannah, Botanical Garden, BrasíliaDF (S15°52'52.51", W47°51'28.27"), 13 December 2018, M. L. C. Bartz, C. C. Niva, G. G. Brown, R. L. March „o, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 290, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899

Fimoscolex sp. 36 BRPR1723, 2 individuals, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in grass lawn in Universidade Positivo, Curitiba - PR (-25.445700 -49.361800, 949 m. a.s.l.), March 2018, R.M. Guaranha, M. Smokanit, J.L.M. Torres, M.L.C. Bartz colls. BRPR1654 and BRPR1656, 18 individuals, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in grass lawn in Universidade Positivo, Curitiba - PR (- 25.448590 -49.356999, 949 m. a.s.l.), June 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls. BRPR1590, 15 adults, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in grass lawn in Casa Verde, Curitiba – PR (-25.456943 -49.373547, 926 m. a.s.l.), June 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls., Published as part of Dudas, Rafaela T., Tavares, Alan A. T., Ercole, Caique, De Lara, Brunna L., Carlos, Esthefany Da S., Torres, Julia L. M., Smokanit, Manoela, Guaranha, Raquel M. & Brown, George G., 2023, Urban green areas as earthworm species maintainers in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, pp. 336-346 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 339, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.27, http://zenodo.org/record/7744988

Andiorrhinus duseni (Michaelsen) BRPR1671, 1 individual, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in native vegetation in Casa Verde, Curitiba – PR (-25.456502 -49.372752, 926 m. a.s.l.), February 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls. BRPR1560 1 individual, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in grass lawn in Casa Verde, Curitiba – PR (- 25.456633 -49.373330, 926 m. a.s.l.), June 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls., Published as part of Dudas, Rafaela T., Tavares, Alan A. T., Ercole, Caique, De Lara, Brunna L., Carlos, Esthefany Da S., Torres, Julia L. M., Smokanit, Manoela, Guaranha, Raquel M. & Brown, George G., 2023, Urban green areas as earthworm species maintainers in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, pp. 336-346 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on pages 339-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.27, http://zenodo.org/record/7744988

Martiodrilus (Maipure) yurimaguensis sp. nov. (Fig. 2A–F) Etymology. The name of the species was given as a tribute to a city in the North of Peru, “close to the collecting site”, capital of the Alto Amazonas province in the department of Loreto, Perú. Holotype. Clitellate specimen (CNLT-UTP-0356). Locality: Perú, Department of Loreto, Santa Rosa Fundo (5°53'56'' S, 76°10'34'' O). Type of vegetation: Purma. Altitude: 168 m. a.s.l. Sampling depth: 0-10 cm. Collection dates: 16 October 2016. Collectors: Obed Carrascal Torres. Paratypes. Four adults, five juveniles (CNLT-UTP-0357).Same collection data as holotype. Description. Epigeic species. Individuals preserved in 70 % alcohol are depigmented and the color cannot be specified. Holotype: length 120 mm, diameter 4.9 mm in preclitellar region (segment 8), 5.7 mm at clitellum, 5.1 mm in mid-posterior region. Number of segments: 84. Paratypes (Four adults): Adult 1: 81.3 mm long, diameter 3.4 mm in preclitellar region, 4.1 mm at clitellum, 3.1 mm in mid-posterior region, number of segments: 106. Adult 2: decapitate. The first segment invaginated. Short and lobe-shaped prostomium. Eight rows of closely paired setae are visible (a, b, c, d) as of segment 4. Common setae measure 0.3 mm. After 1/3 proximal, a nodule is observed, from which it becomes thicker and then presents a strong hook-shaped curve that ends in a point (Fig. 2A). Setal arrangement at the middle of the body (segments 40–50); aa: ab: bc: cd: dd = 9:1:14:0.9:38. Setae a and b between segments 15 to 24 and 6 to 9 modified into genital setae, measure 1.7 mm, elongated with a slight bend in the proximal third and then in the following 2/3, it presents semilunar excavations alternate, ending in a spearhead (Fig. 2B). Clitellum saddle-shaped, in segments 14–1/4 25 (=12 segments); tubercula pubertatis between segments 1/318 – 1/2 25 (Fig. 2C). Male pores in segment 20/21, female pores in segment 14/15. Nephropores aligned with setae c. Four pairs of spermathecal pores observed in intersegments 5/6, 6/7, 7/8, 8/9. Between segments 15 and 26, a pair of circular areas around setae a and b are observed. Internal anatomy. Anterior septa are very fragile and they change their shape from 10/11 to 16/17, in which they appear in the form of delicate membranes. The gizzard is in segment 6, it is slightly elongated. Between segments 7 and 14 there are eight pairs of calciferous glands (Fig. 2D). The first three pairs differ in shape and structure. The glands are kidney-shaped with a very large distal appendix that projects with a curve to one side of the gland. The 7-9 pairs structure is made up of parallel compound tubules projecting from the center outward, with a central tube dividing the tubules from the start of the appendix. In those of 10-14, the central tube is absent, the tubules have a lower density, and their spaces are wider (Fig. 2E). Esophagus-intestine transition at 17/18, typhlosole beginning in segment 24. No caeca. Three pairs of thin lateral hearts in segments 7–9, separating the calciferous glands, and two pairs of voluminous intestinal hearts in segments 10 and 11. One pair of holonephridia per segment, nephridiopores located just above the line of setae c and d. Two pairs of large hypo-esophageal testis sacs in segments 10 and 11, two pairs of seminal vesicles extending forward in segments 11 and 12. Two pairs of vas deferens project backward and are lost in the parietal musculature between segments 15 and 17, then become visible again at 18 and empty into the male pores between 20/21. One pair of ovaries in segment 13. Four pairs of spermathecae that increase in size, 9>8>7>6, those of segments 8 and 9 are 0.3 mm, in line with setae c and d. In each spermathecae the duct is long, the ampulla shaped like a tree; no seminal chambers (Fig. 2F). Remarks. Martiodrilus (Maipure) yurimaguensis, sp. nov. is a species related to Martiodrilus (M.) ophioides (Cognetti, 1904) (Valle del río Santiago/ Ecuador),because of clitellum position in 14, 15, 16-25, and the presence of eight pairs of calciferous glands in segments 7-14. However, this species differs from the new species in the following characteristics: M. (M.) ophioides presents tubercula pubertatis in segments 20-26 (vs. 1/3 18 – 1/2 25), and it also differs in number and shape of spermathecae (3 pairs and, sessile sac shape) vs. 4, and shaped like a tree).

Righiodrilus omagua, sp. nov (Figure 1A–B, Table 1) Etymology. The new species was named in recognition of and homage to the Omaguas indigenous people who live in the Alto Amazonia. Omaguas, occupied the upper reaches of the Amazon River from the mouths of the Napo River to the Putumayo (Ullán, 2007). Holotype. Clitellate specimen (CNLT-UTP-0354). Perú, Department of Loreto, Santa Rosa farm (5°53'56'' S, 76°10'34'' W). Secondary forest locally identified as Purma. 168 m. a.s.l. Sampling depth: 10-20 cm. 16 October 2016. Collectors: Obed Carrascal Torres. Paratypes. 11 adults, 10 juveniles (CNLT-UTP-0355). Same collection data as holotype. Description. Endogeic species, with a cylindrical, nonpigmented body. Holotype: length 34.2 mm, diameter 1.22 mm in preclitellar region, 1.15 mm at clitellum, 1.13 mm in postclitellar region. Number of segments: 140. Paratypes (11 adults, 10 juveniles): Adult 1: 28.4 mm long, diameter 1.25 mm in preclitellar region, 1.31 mm at clitellum, 1.18 mm in mid-posterior region, number of segments: 109. Adult 2: 29.5 mm long, diameter 0.93 mm in preclitellar region, 1.26 mm at clitellum, 1.1 mm in mid-posterior region, number of segments: 129. The remaining adults measure on average: 32.6, 1.2, 1.29, 1.16 respectively, and have 110 segments. The Prostomium small, epilobic. Setae arranged in four pairs of longitudinal rows. Straight setae, with nodulus, length 0.02 mm. Genital setae absent. Setae ratio in segment 30 aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 20:1:3:1:28. The saddle-shaped clitellum lies in segments 15–20, ½ 21 (= 6, 6.5 segments) (Fig. 1A), with tubercula pubertatis located between segments ½15, 15- ½18, 18 (=3, 4), they have an oval shape with a milky white color, between the lines of setae ab and cd. Male pores in intersegment 16/17, female pores in ½ 14. Nephropores between setae c and d. Two pairs of spermathecal pores were observed in intersegments 8/9, 9/ 10 in line with setae cd. Internal anatomy. Septa 6/7–10/11 very thick, conical, interpenetrated. Gizzard in segment 6. One pair of extramural calciferous glands with tubular structure (Kompositenschlauchtasche) emerging from region of esophagus of segment 11 and extending to segment 13, glandular part in segments 14 and. Esophagus-intestine transition in segment 15, typhlosole from segment 15. Caeca lacking. Three pairs of lateral hearts in segments 7–9, two pairs of intestinal hearts in segments 10 and 11. Supraesophageal and subneural vessels lacking. One pair of vesicular holonephridia per segment. The two large testis sacs coalesce ventrally in segment 11. The large seminal vesicles in segment 12 continue back to segment 24 (Fig. 1B). The male ducts run ventrally along the parietal region to intersegment 16/17. Ovaries in segment 13, female pores in segment 14. Two pairs of spermathecae in segments 9 and 10, heart-shaped, of different size, the second pair larger. The duct thin and separate from the ampulla (Fig. 1B). Remarks. Righiodrilus omagua sp. nov. is a species closely related to Righiodrilus cigges Righi, 1970 (Serra do Navio, Amapá / Brazil), Righiodrilus mairaro Righi, 1982 (Boa Vista, Roraima / Brazil), and Righiodrilus paoletti Righi, 1984 (Parque Nacional El Avila/ Venezuela) because of the presence of clitellum in segments 15–21, two pairs of spermathecae in segments 9 and 10, and pores of the spermathecae in line with the setae cd (Table 1). The following characteristics of the new species allow its differentiation from the others: tubercula pubertatis in segments ½15, 15- ½18, 18; male pores located in intersegment 16/17; large seminal vesicles in segment 12 that continue to the end of segment 24. Distinctive characteristics of the other species are as follows: R. cigges: tubercula pubertatis in segments 17, ½ 17 – 2/3 19, 19; male pores in segments 17/18; pores of the spermathecae in line with the setae b; seminal vesicles in segments 12–18. R. mairaro: tubercula pubertatis in segments 19–1/3 21; male pores in segments 19/20; seminal vesicles between segments 12 to 24 or 36 and, sack-shaped spermathecae in which the duct is indistinguishable from the ampoule. R. paoletti: tubercula pubertatis in segments 17–1/2 19, and position of male pores in 17 (Table 1)., Published as part of Feijoo, Alexander & Lavelle, Patrick, 2023, New species and records of earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta: Crassiclitellata) in small holder farming systems in the Peruvian Amazon, pp. 157-170 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on pages 159-160, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.17, http://zenodo.org/record/7744620, {"references":["Ullan, F. J. (2007) Jesuitas, Omaguas, Yurimaguas y la Guerra Hipano-Lusa por el Alto Amazonas. Para un posible guion alternativo de \" La Mision \". Anales del Museo de America, 15, 173 - 190.","Righi, G. (1970) Sobre o genero Andioscolex (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae). Revista Brasileira Biologia, 30 (3), 371 - 376.","Righi, G. (1982) Adicies ao genero Glossodrilus (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae). Revista Brasileira Zoologie, S. Paulo, 1, 1, 55 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81751982000100009"]}

Glossoscolecidae (juveniles) BRPR0953, 1 individual, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°18’58.02”S; 51°27’35.39”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0954, 2 individuals, surface soil under riparian forest in Cambé — PR (23° 9’59.22”S; 51°14’16.67”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. ch (Schuster) colls. BRPR0955, 2 individuals, surface soil under riparian forest in Toledo — PR (24°48’58.54”S; 53°33’14.44”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRRS0294, 1 individual, surface soil under riparian forest in Sarandi —RS, (27°55’25.71”S 52°47’35.01”W) May 2019. M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas, J. Tomporowski, W.C. Demetrio colls., Published as part of Bartz, Marie L. C., Barreto, Julia, Santos, Alessandra, Dudas, Rafaela T., Ferreira, Talita, Maia, Lilianne Dos Santos, Demetrio, Wilian C., Smokanit, Manoela, Tavares, Alan A., Schuster, Phillip A., Hernani, Luis C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm richness in no-tillage farming systems and riparian forests in Southern and Southeastern Brazil, pp. 362-376 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.29, http://zenodo.org/record/7745023

Glossoscolex sp. 50 BRRS0264 (2 individuals), BRRS0269 (1 individual), in soil 0-20 cm depth in agropastoral farming system, Alegrete /RS (ICL4, -29.7788889 -55.36444444, 171 masl); 16 January 2021; M.L.C. Bartz, S.M.G. Gillanders, A.A. Cuesta Hermira, A. de Miranda, D.M. Marques, L. Hammes Dadalt, colls. BRRS0270 (2 individuals), BRRS0271 (2 individuals), in soil 0-20 cm depth in native grass pasture, Alegrete /RS (NGP4, -29.7777778 -55.36305556, 205 masl); 16 January 2021; M.L.C. Bartz, S.M.G. Gillanders, A.A. Cuesta Hermira, A. de Miranda, D.M. Marques, L. Hammes Dadalt, colls., Published as part of Gillanders, Stephen M. G., Podgaiski, Luciana R., Overbeck, Gerhard E., Santos, Alessandra, Winck, Bruna, Brown, George G. & Bartz, Marie L. C., 2023, Earthworms in natural grasslands and agropastoral systems in the Brazilian Pampa, pp. 377-388 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 379, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.30, http://zenodo.org/record/7745051

Pontoscolex (Pontoscolex) corethrurus (Müller, 1857) Exotic, endogeic. Locality: Perú, Department of Loreto, Santa Rosa Fundo - 5°53'56'' S 76°10'34'' W). Type of vegetation: Secondary forest. Altitude: 168 m. a.s.l. Material collected: 2 adults. Sampling depth: 0-20 cm. Collection dates: 16 October 2016. Collectors: Obed Carrascal Torres. Other localities: Santo Tomas, Y 07 AM3.1: 2 Ad; 8 subad; Lat. 5° 59´29.04”S; Long. - 76° 14´54.6” W. Type of vegetation: mixed crops. 20 January 2016. Patrick Lavelle. Y19SSP- (13 juv and 3 ad); Suniplaya, Latitude: 5° 56´30.48” S; Longitude: 76° 8´52”, pasture. Date of collection 11 February 2016. Patrick Lavelle. Y50EFB-C1 (4 Ad and 14 Juv); Trancayacu, Latitude: 5°54´24.78° S; Longitude: 76° 10´47.22”; secondary forest. 24 January 2017, Patrick Lavelle. Y43SPC-A1 (10 Juv and 3 Ad); Miguel Grau, Altitude: 150 m a.s.l.; Latitude: 5°53’25.728”; Longitude: 76°S, 17’52.116”. Pasture. 18 January 2017. Patrick Lavelle. Pontoscolex corethrurus has been collected in all pastures and deforested areas., Published as part of Feijoo, Alexander & Lavelle, Patrick, 2023, New species and records of earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta: Crassiclitellata) in small holder farming systems in the Peruvian Amazon, pp. 157-170 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 167, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.17, http://zenodo.org/record/7744620

Fimoscolex n.sp. BRSP0142, 1 juvenile in native forest, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Cap „o Bonito National Forest, Cap„o BonitoSP (-23.87886, -48.51624); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSP0404, 1 juvenile in native forest, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Cap „o Bonito National Forest, Cap„o Bonito-SP (-23.87962, -48.51648); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSP0442, 1 juvenile in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Cap „o Bonito National Forest, Cap„o Bonito-SP (-23.88157, -48.50778); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls., Published as part of Demetrio, Wilian Carlo, Fonseca, Priscila Mouro Da, Dudas, Rafaela, Zagatto, Mauricio G. R., Feijoo, Alexander & Brown, George Gardner, 2023, Earthworm species in native and planted forests in Brazil, pp. 304-323 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 316, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.25, http://zenodo.org/record/7744984

Glossodrilus sp.1 BRDF0386, 30 adults, 97 juveniles, in soil beside a streamlet bordering the Cerrad „o, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'23.77" W47°42'31.20"), 4 March 2020, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, A. E. C. B. Guedes, N. Dur„es. BRDF0310, 1 adult, in soil beside streamlet close to the road, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'23.77" W47°42'31.20"), 16 April 2019, C. C. Niva, J. Lopes, colls. BRDF0337 (2 individuals), BRDF0340 (11 individuals), in irrigated sugarcane, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'1.58" W47°42'46.31"), 28 August 2019, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, N. Dur „es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, I. R. de Sousa, M. R. Coelho, D. de M. Rodrigues, colls. BRDF0341, 18 adults, in soil beside watercourse in Cerrad „o, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'23.77" W47°42'31.20"), 30 August 2019, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, N. Dur„es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, I. R. de Sousa, M. R. Coelho, D. de M. Rodrigues, colls. BRDF0353, 3 individuals, in agroforestry, Instituto Federal de Brasília, Planaltina-DF (S 15°39'36.9" W47°41'22.6"), 17 October 2019, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, N. Dur „es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, I. R. de Sousa, M. R. Coelho, D. de M. Rodrigues, colls. BRDF0355, 1 individual, in floodable area of a vereda, Instituto Federal de Brasília, PlanaltinaDF (S15°39'16.2" W47°41'18.1"), 17 October 2019, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, N. Dur „es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, D. de M. Rodrigues, colls. BRDF0358, 2 individuals, in gallery forest, Instituto Federal de Brasília, Planaltina-DF (S15°39'31.8" W 47°41'17.5"), 17 October 2019, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, N. Dur „es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, I. R. de Sousa, M. R. Coelho, D. de M. Rodrigues, colls. BRDF0374, 34 individuals, in abandoned pasture, Fazenda Água Limpa / UnB, Brasília-DF, (S15°56'40.87" W47°56'21.22"), 16 January 2020, C. C. Niva, N. Dur „es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, K. M. M. de Deus, C. Y. H. Ussuki, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 288, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899

Pontoscolex corethrurus (M̡ller) BRPR1716, BRPR1718, BRPR1719, BRPR1720, BRPR1724, BRPR1728, BRPR1729, BRPR1730, 64 individuals, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in grass lawn in Universidade Positivo, Curitiba - PR (-25.445700 -49.361800, 949 m. a.s.l.), March 2018, R.M. Guaranha, M. Smokanit, J.L.M. Torres, M.L.C. Bartz colls. BRPR1734, BRPR1735, BRPR1736, BRPR1738, BRPR1740, BRPR1741, BRPR1742, BRPR1745, BRPR1747, 119 individuals, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in native vegetation in Universidade Positivo, Curitiba - PR (-25.445116 -49.362804, 949 m. a.s.l.), March 2018, R.M. Guaranha, M. Smokanit, J.L.M. Torres, M.L.C. Bartz colls. BRPR1631, BRPR1632 and BRPR1634, 45 individuals, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in grass lawn in Universidade Positivo, Curitiba – PR (-25.448590 -49.356999, 949 m. a.s.l. and -25.446100 -49.357364, 949 m. a.s.l.), February 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls. BRPR1608, BRPR1611, BRPR1612, BRPR1615, BRPR1617, BRPR1619, BRPR1621, BRPR1622, 119 individuals, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in native vegetation in Universidade Positivo, Curitiba – PR (-25.448679 -49.356659, 949 m. a.s.l. and -25.445686 -49.356679, 949 m. a.s.l.), February 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls. BRPR1653, RPR1660, BRPR1664, BRPR1667, BRPR1711, BRPR1715, 49 individuals, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in grass lawn in Universidade Positivo, Curitiba – PR (-25.448590 -49.356999, 949 m. a.s.l. and -25.446100 -49.357364, 949 m. a.s.l.), June 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls. BRPR1638, BRPR1640, BRPR1642, BRPR1643, BRPR1646, BRPR1647, BRPR1649, BRPR1650, BRPR1651, BRPR1652, BRPR1703 and BRPR1706, 118 individuals in 0 to 20 soil depth in native vegetation in Universidade Positivo, Curitiba – PR (-25.448679 -49.356659, 949 m. a.s.l. and -25.445686 -49.356679, 949 m. a.s.l.), June 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls. BRPR1568 to BRPR1574, BRPR1578, BRPR1581 and BRPR1684, 54 individuals, 0 to 20 cm soil depth in grass lawn in Casa Verde, Curitiba – PR (-25.456943 -49.373547, 926 m. a.s.l. and -25.456633 -49.373330, 926 m. a.s.l.), February 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls. BRPR1564 and BRPR1672, 32 individuals, in 0 to 20 cm in soil depth in native vegetation in Casa Verde, Curitiba – PR (- 25.456502 -49.372752, 926 m. a.s.l. and -25.456945 -49.372417, 926 m. a.s.l.), February 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls. BRPR1584, BRPR1585, BRPR1587, BRPR1589, BRPR1592, BRPR1593, BRPR1593, BRPR1596, BRPR1601, BRPR1605 and BRPR1687, 103 individuals, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in grass lawn in Casa Verde, Curitiba – PR (-25.456943 -49.373547, 926 m. a.s.l. and -25.456633 -49.373330, 926 m. a.s.l.), June 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls. BRPR1580, BRPR1582 and BRPR1676, 15 individuals, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in native vegetation in Casa Verde, Curitiba – PR (-25.456502 -49.372752, 926 m. a.s.l. and -25.456945 -49.372417, 926 m. a.s.l.), June 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls., Published as part of Dudas, Rafaela T., Tavares, Alan A. T., Ercole, Caique, De Lara, Brunna L., Carlos, Esthefany Da S., Torres, Julia L. M., Smokanit, Manoela, Guaranha, Raquel M. & Brown, George G., 2023, Urban green areas as earthworm species maintainers in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, pp. 336-346 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.27, http://zenodo.org/record/7744988

Urobenus brasiliensis (Benham) BRPR0952, 4 adults, surface soil under riparian forest in Cambé — PR (23°09’59.22”S; 51°14’16.67”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas,A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRRS0293, 4 individuals, surface soil under riparian forest in Sarandi —RS (27°55’25.71”S, 52°47’35.01”W) May 2019. M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas, J. Tomporowski, W.C. Demetrio colls., Published as part of Bartz, Marie L. C., Barreto, Julia, Santos, Alessandra, Dudas, Rafaela T., Ferreira, Talita, Maia, Lilianne Dos Santos, Demetrio, Wilian C., Smokanit, Manoela, Tavares, Alan A., Schuster, Phillip A., Hernani, Luis C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm richness in no-tillage farming systems and riparian forests in Southern and Southeastern Brazil, pp. 362-376 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.29, http://zenodo.org/record/7745023

Pontoscolex (Pontoscolex) uairemensis Righi, 1985a Distribution. Bolivar: Santa Elena de Uairem: Near stream (Righi, 1985a)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 200, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G. (1985 a) Dois novos Oligochaeta da Amazonia venezuelana. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 36, 23 - 30."]}

Pontoscolex (Meroscolex) roraimensis Righi 1984a Distribution. Bolivar: Santa Elena de Uairem: Riparian river (Righi 1984a)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 200, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G. (1984 a) Oligochaeta Megadrili da regi \" o centro-oeste de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Boletim de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 8, 189 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 3358. bolzoo. 1984.122192"]}

Onychochaeta windlei (Beddard, 1890) Diachaeta windlei Beddard, 1890:171. Onychochaeta windlei Beddard, 1891:259,264; 1895:649; Michaelsen, 1897: 378; 1900:423; 1918: 229; 1924:6; 1935: 52; Cordero, 1944:4. Distribution. Carabobo: Puerto Cabello (Michaelsen 1897). Miranda: El Guayabo (Cordero 1944a). Trujillo: Boconó-Guaramacal road 2500 masl (Righi 1989). Mérida: Páramo Gavidia: 3200 masl, Páramo Mucubaji: 3700 masl (Righi 1993), Páramo Piedras Blancas, Páramo Gavidia: Bernabé Torres Property, Páramo Gavidia 3250 masl (Righi & Araujo 2000). Barinas: Ticoporo Forestal Reserve: Unidad II (Righi & Molina 1994). Miranda: La Cortada (Rodríguez farm) (this study)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 199, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Beddard, F. E. (1890) On the structure of a species of earthworm belonging to the genus Diachaeta. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 31, 159 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.1242 / jcs. s 2 - 31.122.159","Beddard, F. E. (1891) The classification and distribution of earthworms. Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh, 10, 235 - 290.","Michaelsen, W. (1897) Die Terricolenfauna Ceylons. Jahrbuch der hamburgischen wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 14 (2), 157 - 250.","Michaelsen, W. (1900) Oligochaeta. Das Tierreich, 10, 1 - 575. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11605","Michaelsen, W. (1918) Die Lumbriciden. Zoologische Jahrb ¸ cher, Abteilung f ¸ r Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 41, 1 - 398.","Michaelsen, W. (1924) Oligochaten von Niederlandisch-Indien. Treubia, 5, 379 - 401.","Michaelsen, W. (1935) Oligochaeta from Christmas Island, south of Java. Annals and magazine of natural history, 15, 100 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933508654945","Cordero, E. H. (1944 a) Oligoquetos sudamericanos de la familia Glossoscolecidae. IV- Sobre algunas especies de Venezuela. Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 1 (14), 1 - 6.","Righi, G. (1989) Adic \" o ao conhecimento dos Oligochaeta da Venezuela. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, Rio de Janeiro, 49, 1065 - 1084.","Righi, G. (1993) Venezuelan earthworms and considerations on the genus Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecida). Tropical Zoology (Special Issue), 1, 125 - 139.","Righi, G. & Araujo, Y. (2000) Three new species and a new record of Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae, from the Venezuelan Andes. Miscellania Zoologica, 23, 107 - 120.","Righi, G. & Molina, S. (1994) Terricolous Oligochaeta (Glossoscolecida) of the Venezuelan Llanos. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 101, 299 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79909"]}

Rhinodrilus sp. nov. BRBA0009 (BRBADNA0330), 1 adult minhocuçu in aestivation (Figure 1A); at 60 cm depth in native forest at the Estaç „o Ecológica Pau Brasil, Porto Seguro, BA (S16.38596 W39.17433); 113 m a.s.l., 13-11-2014, M.L.C. Bartz and G.G. Brown, colls. BRBA0012, 1 adult minhocuçu; found dead on the side of the road after being run over by a motorcycle (Figure 1B); the specimen had likely wandered onto the road in the early morning after a rain-shower, from the native forest on the roadside at the RPPN Estaç„o Veracel, Porto Seguro, BA (S16.387653 W39.170093); 90 m a.s.l., 14-11-2014, G.G. Brown, coll. BRBA0013 (BRBADNA0345), 1 juvenile; topsoil (0– 20cm) of native forest at the RPPN Estaç „o Veracel, Porto Seguro, BA (S16.38724 W39.16957); 90 m a.s.l., 14-11- 2014, M.L.C. Bartz and G.G. Brown, colls.

Righiodrilus schubarti (Righi, Ayres & Bittencourt, 1978) Glossodrilus schubarti Righi, Ayres & Bittencourt, 1978: 22; Righi, 1982: 55 Distribution. Bolivar: Santa Helena de Uairem: near to the Borracho river (Righi 1982)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 194, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G., Ayres, I. & Bittencourt, E. C. R. (1978) Oligochaeta (Annelida) do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia. Acta Amazonica, 8, 1 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1809 - 439219780831 s 005","Righi, G. (1982) Adicies ao genero Glossodrilus (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 1, 55 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81751982000100009"]}

Glossodrilus marabora Righi, 1984b Distribution. Capital District: Guaraira Repano National Park: 2100 masl (Righi 1984b)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 193, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G. (1984 b) Nova contribuic \" o ao conhecimento dos Oligochaeta da Venezuela. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 35, 243 - 256."]}

Genus Pontoscolex Schmarda, 1861 Type species. Lumbricus corethrurus Müller, 1857 Diagnosis. Setae, 8 per segment, the arrangement may be regular, more or less irregular, or quincunx. Pigmentation is generally absent. Male pores in the clitellar region. Intra-clitellar tubercula pubertatis are exceptionally absent (e.g. P. Nulloscolex hugoi). Gizzard in VI. Three pairs of calciferous glands tubular-dichotomous (panicled) structure, rarely simple tubular (P. Mesoscolex juanae and P. Nulloscolex hugoi) in VII–IX. Lateral blood vessels in VII–IX and lateroesophageal hearts in X and XI. Holonephridial system. Metandric and metagynous; seminal vesicles usually long and band-like, pierce some septa. Spermathecae simple (after Righi 1984)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Pereira, Natália Jovita, Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier & Ferreira, Carmen, 2023, Additions to earthworms (Annelida, Crassiclitellata) from Aragua and Miranda states, Venezuela, pp. 171-182 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 176, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.18, http://zenodo.org/record/7744674, {"references":["Muller, F. (1857) Description of a new species of earthworm (Lumbricus corethrurus). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 20, 13 - 151. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935709487865"]}

Anteoides kino Righi & Molina, 1994 Distribution. Barinas: Ticoporo Forestal Reserve: Unidad II (Righi & Molina, 1994)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 199, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G. & Molina, S. (1994) Terricolous Oligochaeta (Glossoscolecida) of the Venezuelan Llanos. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 101, 299 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79909"]}

Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) duseni (Michaelsen) BRRS0403, one adult in the surface soil horizon of pasture next to secondary vegetation, Machadinho-RS (S27.61914°, W51.73108°), 17 August 2016, W. Maschio, coll., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, James, Samuel W., Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Lima, Ana Claudia Rodrigues De, Dudas, Rafaela & Brown, George Gardner, 2023, Distribution and diversity of earthworms in different land use systems in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, pp. 399-416 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 402, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.32, http://zenodo.org/record/7745077

Rhinodrilus senex Righi, 1984b Distribution. Aragua: Henri Pittier National Park: Rancho Grande (Righi 1984b), Colonia Tovar: El Jarillo (Righi 1989)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 201, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G. (1984 b) Nova contribuic \" o ao conhecimento dos Oligochaeta da Venezuela. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 35, 243 - 256.","Righi, G. (1989) Adic \" o ao conhecimento dos Oligochaeta da Venezuela. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, Rio de Janeiro, 49, 1065 - 1084."]}

Cirodrilus venezuelanus Righi & Molina, 1994 Distribution. Barinas: Ticoporo Forestal Reserve: Unidad II (Righi & Molina 1994)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 199, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G. & Molina, S. (1994) Terricolous Oligochaeta (Glossoscolecida) of the Venezuelan Llanos. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 101, 299 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79909"]}

Andiorrhinus sp.1 BRDF0365, 1 individual, in gallery forest, Fazenda Água Limpa/ UnB, Brasília-DF (S15°57'15.50" W47°57'42.38"), 16 January 2020, C. C. Niva, N. Dur „es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, K. M. M. de Deus, C. Y. H. Ussuki, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 288, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899

Martiodrilus (Botaria) pano (Righi, 1992) Native, epigeic. Locality: Perú, Department of Loreto, Santa Rosa Fundo (5°53'56'' S 76°10'34 W). Type of vegetation: secondary forest. Altitude: 168 m. a.s.l. Material collected: 1 adult. Sampling depth: litter. Collection dates: 16 October 2016. Collector: Obed Carrascal Torres. Other locality: Y04SPC A1 (1 adult). Las Palmeras, Lat. 6° 2´32.4” S; Long. 76°11´40” W. Type of vegetation: Cacao. Collector Patrick Lavelle, 25 January 2016 first soil strata 0-10 cm., Published as part of Feijoo, Alexander & Lavelle, Patrick, 2023, New species and records of earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta: Crassiclitellata) in small holder farming systems in the Peruvian Amazon, pp. 157-170 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 165, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.17, http://zenodo.org/record/7744620, {"references":["Righi, G. (1992) Four new Peruvian earthworms. Soil Biology Biochemistry, 24 (12), 1223 - 1230. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0038 - 0717 (92) 90097 - H"]}

Urobenus brasiliensis brasiliensis Benham BRRS0049, 1 adult, surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in lawn from the Estaç „o Experimental Cascata of Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas-RS (S31.62047°, W52.52558°), 23 January 2012, G. Brown, S. James, S. Davidson, Y. Hong, G. Schiedeck, G. Schiavon, colls. BRRSDNA0118 to COFMBRRSDNA0122, 1 adult in each vial, surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in gallery forest, Taquara-RS (S29.68597°, W50.85021°), 01 August 2014, R. Ott, G. Brown, colls. BRRSDNA0152 to BRRSDNA0155, 1 adult in each vial, surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in native forest, Cruzeiro do Sul-RS, (S29.51696°, W51.98659°), 02 August 2014, S. James, M. Bartz, G. Cardoso, G. Brown, R. Ott, colls. BRRSDNA0169 to BRRSDNA0174, 1 adult in each vial, surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in native pasture, Cruzeiro do Sul-RS, (S29.50020°, W51.98422°), 02 August 2014, S. James, M. Bartz, G. Cardoso, R. Ott, G. Brown, colls. BRRSDNA0184 to BRRSDNA0192, 1 adult in each vial, surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in gallery forest, Estrela-RS, (S29.47560°, W51.95351°), 02 August 2014, R. Ott, G. Brown, colls. BRRSDNA0205, 1 adult, surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in pasture, Estrela-RS, (S29.47242°, W51.94774°), 02 August 2014, S. James, M. Bartz, G. Cardoso, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, James, Samuel W., Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, Lima, Ana Claudia Rodrigues De, Dudas, Rafaela & Brown, George Gardner, 2023, Distribution and diversity of earthworms in different land use systems in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, pp. 399-416 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 402, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.32, http://zenodo.org/record/7745077

Rhinodrilus sp.1 BRDF0414, (1 fragmented adult), BRDF0416 (1 individual), BRDF0417, (1 individual), in open humid savannah, Botanical Garden, Brasília-DF (S15°52'52.51", W47°51'28.27"), 13 December 2018, M. L. C. Bartz, C. C. Niva, G. G. Brown, R. L. March „o, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 290, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899

Glossoscolecidae Michaelsen, 1900 In its more restricted sense, after the splitting up of the Rhinodrilidae by James (2012), the Glossoscolecidae family is distributed mainly in continental Central and South America from Panama to Northern Argentina and Uruguay. The first species described from Latin America belongs to this family, Glossoscolex giganteus Leuckart, a large earthworm from Southeastern Brazil. In fact, the genus contains a relatively large proportion of large-bodied (> 30 cm long) species (18 out of 58 known species; Feijoo & Brown 2023). So far, native species are known in the Caribbean Islands only from Guadeloupe (James & Gamiette 2016), but they may likely occur on other islands. The family includes six genera (Enantiodrilus, Fimoscolex, Glossodrilus, Glossoscolex, Holoscolex, and Righiodrilus) and 156 species (plus 9 subspecies). One widespread species, Enantiodrilus borellii Cognetti (with which both Diaguita species, D. vivianae Righi and D. michaelseni Cordero were synonymized by Moreno et al. 2005) may constitute a potentially invasive species in the tropics, considering its distribution from Argentina to Venezuela (Fragoso & Brown 2007). As the family occurs in a region with high endemicity (Lavelle & Lapied 2003), there is a large potential to find many new species and possibly genera, with further sampling efforts, particularly in the Andean region and Northern South America, but also in the Atlantic Forest region of Southeastern Brazil (Silva et al. 2017)., Published as part of Misirlioğlu, Mete, Reynolds, John Warren, Stojanović, Mirjana, Trakić, Tanja, Sekulić, Jovana, James, Samuel W., Csuzdi, Csaba, Decaëns, Thibaud, Lapied, Emmanuel, Phillips, Helen R. P., Cameron, Erin K. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworms (Clitellata, Megadrili) of the world: an updated checklist of valid species and families, with notes on their distribution, pp. 417-438 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 424, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.33, http://zenodo.org/record/7745110, {"references":["Feijoo, A. & Brown, G. G. (2023) Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa, 5225 (1), 220 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5225.1.21","James, S. W. & Gamiette, F. (2016) New species of Dichogaster Beddard, 1888 (Clitellata: Benhamiidae) with additional records of earthworms from Guadeloupe (French West Indies). Zootaxa, 4178 (3), 391 - 408. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4178.3.5","Moreno, A. G., Teisaire, E. S. & Roldan, I. A. (2005) Genus Enantiodrilus Cognetti, 1902 (Annelida, Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae). In: Pop, V. & Pop, A. (Eds.), Advances in earthworm taxonomy II (Annelida Oligochaeta). Cluj University Press, Cluj- Napoca, pp. 41 - 52.","Fragoso, C. & Brown, G. G. (2007) Ecologia y taxonomia de las lombrices de tierra en latinoamerica: El Primer Encuentro Latino- Americano de Ecologia y Taxonomia de Oligoquetos (ELAETAO 1). In: Brown, G. G. & Fragoso, C. (Eds.), Minhocas na America Latina: Biodiversidade e ecologia. Embrapa Soja, Londrina, pp. 33 - 75.","Lavelle, P. & Lapied, E. (2003) Endangered earthworms of Amazonia: an homage to Gilberto Righi. Pedobiologia, 47, 419 - 427. https: // doi. org / 10.1078 / 0031 - 4056 - 00207"]}

Glossoscolecidae (juveniles) BRPR1186, 1 individual, in Secondary Forest in Faxinal – PR, - 23.97425°S, - 51.39393°W, 786 msnm, June 2018, R. T. Dudas, K.A. da Silva, W.C. Demetrio, L.S Maia, V. B. Nicola, A. Pasini, C.M. R. de Oliveira, G.G. Brown, M.L.C. Bartz colls. BRPR1202, 1 individual, in Secondary Forest in Mauá da Serra – PR, - 23.89658°S - 51.20898°W, 1022 msnm, June 2018, R. T. Dudas, K.A. da Silva, W.C. Demetrio, L.S. Maia, V. B. Nicola, A. Pasini, C.M. R. de Oliveira, G.G. Brown, M.L.C. Bartz colls. BRPR1219, 2 individuals, in annual crop under No-Tillage System in Palmeira – PR, - 25.3899°S, - 49.97696°W, 897 msnm, June 2018, R. T. Dudas, K.A. da Silva, W.C. Demetrio, L.S. Maia, V. B. Nicola, A. Pasini, C.M. R. de Oliveira, G.G. Brown, M.L.C. Bartz colls.

Subgenus: Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) Michaelsen, 1900 Diagnosis. One pair of intracoelomic copulatory pouches/bulbs associated with a pair of external intraclitellar male genital pores. Number of described species/subspecies: 48. Distribution: Brazil (41), Argentina (6), Paraguay (4), Uruguay (4). In a few cases (5) species have been found in more than one country (Fragoso & Brown, 2007). The truncatus group, was created by Cordero (1943) and named after the first described species in the Glossoscolex subgenus that has intraclitellar male pores in or before segment 17, i.e., Glossoscolex truncatus (Rosa, 1895). The species group includes 29 species/subspecies (including the ones described here), distributed from S„o Paulo state in Brazil to Buenos Aires province in Argentina., Published as part of Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander & Brown, George G., 2023, Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, pp. 220-234 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, http://zenodo.org/record/7744725, {"references":["Fragoso, C. & Brown, G. G. (2007) Ecologia y taxonomia de las lombrices de tierra en Latino-America: El primer Encuentro Latino-Americano de Ecologia y Taxonomia de Oligoquetos (ELAETAO 1). In: Brown, G. G. & Fragoso, C. (Eds.), Minhocas na America Latina: biodiversidad e ecologia. Embrapa Soja, Londrina, pp. 33 - 75.","Cordero, E. H. (1943) Oligoquetos sudamericanos de la familia Glossoscolecidae, 1. El genero Glossoscolex en el Uruguay, con una synopsis de las especies del grupo truncatus. Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 1 (2), 1 - 9.","Rosa, D. (1895) Oligocheti terricoli (Inclusi quelli raccolti nel Paraguay dal Dr. Paul Jordan). Bolletino dei Museo di Zoologia et Anatomia Comparata di Torino, 10 (204), 1 - 3."]}

Andiodrilus venezuelanus Righi, 1989 Distribution. Aragua: Henri Pittier National Park: Rancho Grande (Righi 1989)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 197, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G. (1989) Adic \" o ao conhecimento dos Oligochaeta da Venezuela. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, Rio de Janeiro, 49, 1065 - 1084."]}

Glossoscolecidae juveniles BRSP0747, 4 juveniles in SP; February 22, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors., Published as part of Bruz, Lilianne Dos Santos Maia, Santos, Alessandra, Demetrio, Wilian C., Primo, Daniele De Freitas, Feliciano, Luana Priscila, Fernandes, Carlos Henrique, Bartz, Marie L. C., Bernardi, Alberto Carlos De Campo, Pezzopane, José Ricardo Macedo & Brown, George Gardner, 2023, Earthworms in various agricultural and forest ecosystems in São Carlos-SP Brazil, pp. 324-335 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.26, http://zenodo.org/record/7744974