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7. Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha associates with Myocardial Oxygen Demand and Exercise Tolerance in Postmenopausal Women

Author

CARTER, STEPHEN J., BRYAN, DAVID R., NEUMEIER, WILLIAM H., GLASSER, STEPHEN P., and HUNTER, GARY R.

Subjects
Aging, inflammation, atherosclerosis, vasodilation, cytokines, Original Research
Abstract

The functional implications of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a marker of oxidative stress, on hemodynamic parameters at rest and during physical exertion are unclear. The aims of this investigation were to examine the independent associations of TNF-α on myocardial oxygen demand at rest and during submaximal exercise, while also evaluating the association of TNF-α on exercise tolerance. Forty, postmenopausal women, provided blood samples and completed a modified-Balke protocol to measure maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Large artery compliance was measured by pulse contour analyses while rate-pressure product (RPP), an index of myocardial oxygen demand, was measured at rest and during two submaximal workloads (i.e., ≈55% and ≈75% VO2max). RPP was calculated by dividing the product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure (via auscultation) by 100. Exercise tolerance corresponded with the cessation of the graded exercise test. During higher-intensity exertion, ≈75% VO2max, multiple linear regression revealed a positive association (r = 0.43; p = 0.015) between TNF-α and RPP while adjusting for maximal heart rate, VO2max, large artery compliance, and percent body fat. Path analyses revealed a significant indirect effect of large artery compliance on exercise tolerance through TNF-α, β = 0.13, CI [0.03, 0.35], indicating greater levels of TNF-α associated with poorer exercise tolerance. These data suggest TNF-α independently associates with myocardial oxygen demand during physical exertion, thus highlighting the utility of higher-intensity efforts to expose important phenomena not apparent at rest. TNF-α also appears to be indirectly associated with the link between large artery compliance and exercise tolerance.

Published
2018

8. Summary of water quality effects from forest practices in the South /

Author

Glasser, Stephen P., United States. Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, Glasser, Stephen P., and United States. Forest Service

Subjects
Environmental aspects, Forest management, Forests and forestry, Southern States, Water quality
Published
1989

11. C-reactive protein and risk of cognitive decline: The REGARDS study

Author

Arce Rentería, Miguel, primary, Gillett, Sarah R., additional, McClure, Leslie A., additional, Wadley, Virginia G., additional, Glasser, Stephen P., additional, Howard, Virginia J., additional, Kissela, Brett M., additional, Unverzagt, Frederick W., additional, Jenny, Nancy S., additional, Manly, Jennifer J., additional, and Cushman, Mary, additional

Published
2020
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13. Effect of Intensive and Standard Clinic‐Based Hypertension Management on the Concordance Between Clinic and Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Blood Pressure Variability in SPRINT

Author

Ghazi, Lama, primary, Pajewski, Nicholas M., additional, Rifkin, Dena E., additional, Bates, Jeffrey T., additional, Chang, Tara I., additional, Cushman, William C., additional, Glasser, Stephen P., additional, Haley, William E., additional, Johnson, Karen C., additional, Kostis, William J., additional, Papademetriou, Vasilios, additional, Rahman, Mahboob, additional, Simmons, Debra L., additional, Taylor, Addison, additional, Whelton, Paul K., additional, Wright, Jackson T., additional, Bhatt, Udayan Y., additional, and Drawz, Paul E., additional

Published
2019
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14. High-fat meal effect on LDL, HDL, and VLDL particle size and number in the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering drugs and diet network (GOLDN): an interventional study

Author

Straka Robert J, Tsai Michael Y, Hopkins Paul N, Kabagambe Edmond K, Oberman Albert, Glasser Stephen P, Wojczynski Mary K, Ordovas Jose M, and Arnett Donna K

Subjects
postprandial lipemia, lipoprotein particles, NMR, high-fat meal, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract

Abstract Background Postprandial lipemia (PPL) is likely a risk factor for cardiovascular disease but these changes have not been well described and characterized in a large cohort. We assessed acute changes in the size and concentration of total and subclasses of LDL, HDL, and VLDL particles in response to a high-fat meal. Participants (n = 1048) from the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) Study who ingested a high-fat meal were included in this analysis. Lipids were measured at 0 hr (fasting), 3.5 hr, and 6 hr after a standardized fat meal. Particle size distributions were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Analyses were stratified by baseline triglycerides (normal vs. elevated) and gender. The effect of PPL on changes in lipoprotein subclasses was assessed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results Postprandially, LDL-C, HDL-C, VLDL-C, and triglycerides increased regardless of baseline triglyceride status, with the largest increases in VLDL-C and TG; however, those with elevated triglycerides demonstrated larger magnitude of response. Total LDL particle number decreased over the 6-hour time interval, mostly from a decrease in the number of small LDL particles. Similarly, total VLDL particle number decreased due to reductions in medium and small VLDL particles. Large VLDL particles and chylomicrons demonstrated the largest increase in concentration. HDL particles demonstrated minimal overall changes in total particle number. Conclusions We have characterized the changes in LDL and VLDL particle number, and their subclass patterns following a high-fat meal.

Published
2011
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15. TCF7L2 polymorphisms and inflammatory markers before and after treatment with fenofibrate

Author

Kabagambe Edmond K, Glasser Stephen P, Ordovas Jose M, Warodomwichit Daruneewan, Tsai Michael Y, Hopkins Paul N, Borecki Ingrid B, Wojczynski Mary, and Arnett Donna K

Subjects
Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract

Abstract Background Inflammation is implicated in causing diabetes. We tested whether transcription factor 7 like-2 (TCF7L2) gene polymorphisms (rs12255372 and rs7903146), consistently associated with type 2 diabetes, are associated with plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers before and after three weeks of daily treatment with fenofibrate. Methods Men and women in the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network study (n = 1025, age 49 ± 16 y) were included. All participants suspended use of lipid-lowering drugs for three weeks and were then given 160 mg/day of fenofibrate for three weeks. Inflammatory markers and lipids were measured before and after fenofibrate. ANOVA was used to test for differences across TCF7L2 genotypes. Results Under the additive or dominant model, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the concentrations of inflammatory markers (hsCRP, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1) across TCF7L2 genotypes in the period before or after treatment. For both rs12255372 and rs7903146, homozygote T-allele carriers had significantly higher (P < 0.05) post-fenofibrate concentrations of MCP-1 in the recessive model. No other significant associations were detected. Conclusion Overall these data show no association between TCF7L2 polymorphisms and the inflammatory markers suggesting that the effects of TCF7L2 on diabetes may not be via inflammation.

Published
2009
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16. Abstract P171: Effect of Intensive and Standard Clinic-Based Hypertension Management on the Concordance Between Clinic and Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Blood Pressure Variability: Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT)

Author

Ghazi, Lama, primary, Pajewski, Nicholas M, additional, Rifkin, Dena E, additional, Bates, Jeffrey T, additional, Chang, Tara I, additional, Cushman, Wlliam C, additional, Glasser, Stephen P, additional, Haley, William E, additional, Johnson, Karen C, additional, Kostis, William J, additional, Papademetriou, Vasilios, additional, Pinion, Mary, additional, Rahman, Mahboob, additional, Simmons, Debra L, additional, Taylor, Addison, additional, Whelton, Paul K, additional, Wright, Jackson T, additional, and Drawz, Paul E, additional

Published
2019
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19. Comparison of Expert Adjudicated Coronary Heart Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality With the National Death Index: Results From the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Author

Olubowale, Olusola Tope, primary, Safford, Monika M., additional, Brown, Todd M., additional, Durant, Raegan W., additional, Howard, Virginia J., additional, Gamboa, Christopher, additional, Glasser, Stephen P., additional, Rhodes, J. David, additional, and Levitan, Emily B., additional

Published
2017
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20. History of Cardiovascular Disease, Intensive Lifestyle Intervention, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in the Look AHEAD Trial.

Author

Lewis, Cora E., Bantle, John P., Bertoni, Alain G., Blackburn, George, Brancati, Frederick L., Bray, George A., Cheskin, Lawrence J., Curtis, Jeffrey M., Egan, Caitlin, Evans, Mary, Foreyt, John P., Ghazarian, Siran, Barone Gibbs, Bethany, Glasser, Stephen P., W. Gregg, Edward, Hazuda, Helen P., Hesson, Louise, Hill, James O., Horton, Edward S., and Hubbard, Van S.

Subjects
CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, TYPE 2 diabetes, PHYSICAL fitness, WEIGHT loss, LIFESTYLES, RESEARCH, RESEARCH methodology, EVALUATION research, MEDICAL cooperation, COMPARATIVE studies, RESEARCH funding
Abstract

Objective: To examine the effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) on cardiovascular disease (CVD), the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) trial randomized 5,145 participants with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity to a ILI or diabetes support and education. Although the primary outcome did not differ between the groups, there was suggestive evidence of heterogeneity for prespecified baseline CVD history subgroups (interaction P = 0.063). Event rates were higher in the ILI group among those with a CVD history (hazard ratio 1.13 [95% CI: 0.90-1.41]) and lower among those without CVD (hazard ratio 0.86 [95% CI: 0.72-1.02]).Methods: This study conducted post hoc analyses of the rates of the primary composite outcome and components, adjudicated cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and hospitalization for angina, as well as three secondary composite cardiovascular outcomes.Results: Interaction P values for the primary and two secondary composites were similar (0.060-0.064). Of components, the interaction was significant for nonfatal MI (P = 0.035). This interaction was not due to confounding by baseline variables, different intervention responses for weight loss and physical fitness, or hypoglycemic events. In those with a CVD history, statin use was high and similar by group. In those without a CVD history, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were higher (P = 0.003) and statin use was lower (P ≤ 0.001) in the ILI group.Conclusions: Intervention response heterogeneity was significant for nonfatal MI. Response heterogeneity may need consideration in a CVD-outcome trial design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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21. Correlates of Incident Cognitive Impairment in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Author

McClure, Leslie A., Wadley, Virginia G., Unverzagt, Frederick W., Cushman, Mary, Gillett, Sarah R., Thacker, Evan L., Letter, Abraham J., Kissela, Brett M., Kennedy, Richard E., Glasser, Stephen P., and Levine, Deborah A.

Abstract

Objective: To identify approximately 500 cases of incident cognitive impairment (ICI) in a large, national sample adapting an existing cognitive test-based case definition and to examine relationships of vascular risk factors with ICI. Method: Participants were from the REGARDS study, a national sample of 30,239 African-American and White Americans. Participants included in this analysis had normal cognitive screening and no history of stroke at baseline, and at least one follow-up cognitive assessment with a three-test battery (TTB). Regression-based norms were applied to TTB scores to identify cases of ICI. Logistic regression was used to model associations with baseline vascular risk factors. Results: We identified 495 participants with ICI of 17,630 eligible participants. In multivariable modeling, income (OR 1.83 CI 1.27,2.62), stroke belt residence (OR 1.45 CI 1.18,1.78), history of transient ischemic attack (OR 1.90 CI 1.29,2.81), coronary artery disease(OR 1.32 CI 1.02,1.70), diabetes (OR 1.48 CI 1.17,1.87), obesity (OR 1.40 CI 1.05,1.86), and incident stroke (OR 2.73 CI 1.52,4.90) were associated with ICI. Conclusions: We adapted a previously validated cognitive test-based case definition to identify cases of ICI. Many previously identified risk factors were associated with ICI, supporting the criterion-related validity of our definition.

Published
2015
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23. Subclinical, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic abnormalities of high pulse pressure in hypertensive and non-hypertensive adults

Author

Glasser, Stephen P, Krasikov, Tatiana, Devereux, Richard B, Oberman, Albert, Patki, Amit, Kitzman, Dalane W, Rao, DC, and Arnett, Donna K

Subjects
Original Article
Abstract

Background: High pulse pressure (PP) is associated with cardiovascular events, but subclinical abnormalities in cardiac structure and function in relation to high pulse pressure are not well described. Methods and Results: 2225 hypertensive and 1380 non-hypertensive participants with adequate echocardiographic left ventricular measurements were evaluated. Non-hypertensives in the highest PP tertile (compared to the lower tertiles) were older (44 years vs. 40 years, p60 mmHG) was associated with a higher frequency of echocardiographic structural and functional abnormalities, specifically, greater posterior and relative wall thickness, longer isovolumic relaxation time, and concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. Conclusion: In a population-based sample of hypertensive and non-hypertensive participants, higher PP was associated with subclinical abnormalities of cardiac structure and function, which exist even in the absence of hypertension and/or the use of antihypertensive treatment.

Published
2012

24. Abstract 48: Long-term Effects of an Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Electrocardiographic Evidence of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: The Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) Trial

Author

Brinkley, Tina E, primary, Hogan, Patricia E, additional, Walkup, Michael P, additional, Soliman, Elsayed Z, additional, Bertoni, Alain G, additional, Greenway, Frank, additional, Knowler, William C, additional, Glasser, Stephen P, additional, Horton, Edward S, additional, and Espeland, Mark A, additional

Published
2016
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27. Smoking, inflammatory patterns and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia 1

Author

Kabagambe, Edmond K., Ordovas, Jose M., Tsai, Michael Y., Borecki, Ingrid B., Hopkins, Paul N., Glasser, Stephen P., and Arnett, Donna K.

Subjects
Adult, Hypertriglyceridemia, Inflammation, Male, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors, Smoking, Middle Aged, Ligands, Postprandial Period, Dietary Fats, Article, Oxidative Stress, Phenotype, Humans, Female, Insulin Resistance, Triglycerides, Aged
Abstract

Smoking is associated with increased postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PPT). Inflammation and insulin resistance are potential "drivers" for this phenomenon. We tested whether inflammatory patterns and/or insulin resistance explain the effect of smoking on PPT.Men and women in the NHLBI Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study (n=1036, age 49+/-16y) were included. Each participant was asked to suspend use of lipid-lowering drugs for 3 weeks and was given a high-fat milkshake (83% fat and 700kcal/m(2)). Triglyceride concentrations at 0, 3.5 and 6h after the fat load were measured. Inflammatory markers were measured at baseline. Principal component analysis was used to derive inflammatory patterns from individual inflammatory markers (hsCRP, IL2 soluble receptor-alpha, IL6, TNF-alpha and MCP1). Insulin resistance (IR) was estimated using the HOMA equation. Repeated measures-ANOVA was used for analyses. Two inflammatory patterns, namely CRP-IL6 pattern and MCP1-TNF-alpha pattern, were derived. We found significant main (smoking and time) and interaction (smokingxtime) effects (P0.01) for triglycerides. The multivariate-adjusted triglyceride (mg/dL) concentrations (mean+/-S.E.M.) for never, past and current smokers were 127.38+/-1.04, 119.82+/-1.05 and 134.92+/-1.08 at 0h; 229.42+/-1.04, 238.39+/-1.05 and 293.94+/-1.08 at 3.5h; and 194.63+/-1.04, 208.38+/-1.05 and 248.27+/-1.08 at 6h after the fat load, respectively. Smoking remained significant after adjusting for HOMA-IR and/or inflammatory patterns which showed independent associations with PPT (P0.05).These data confirm impaired metabolism of fat among smokers and suggest that mechanisms other than inflammation or insulin resistance may explain the observed hypertriglyceridemia among smokers.

Published
2008

28. The association between insulin resistance and atrial fibrillation: A cross-sectional analysis from SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial).

Author

Cho, Monique E., Craven, Timothy E., Cheung, Alfred K., Glasser, Stephen P., Rahman, Mahboob, Soliman, Elsayed Z., Stafford, Randall S., Johnson, Karen C., Bates, Jeffrey T., Burgner, Anna, Taylor, Addison A., Tamariz, Leonardo, Tang, Rocky, Beddhu, Srinivasan, and SPRINT Study Research Group

Abstract

It is unclear whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) in an older population with greater cardiovascular risk, including those with chronic kidney disease. The authors investigated the association between MetS and AF in participants in SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial). MetS was defined based on the Modified Third National Cholesterol Education Program. The baseline prevalence rate for MetS was 55%, while 8.2% of the participants had AF. In multivariate regression analyses, AF was not associated with presence of MetS in either chronic kidney disease or non-chronic kidney disease subgroups. Age, race, history of cardiovascular diseases, decreased triglycerides, decreased pulse pressure, and albuminuria remained significantly associated with AF risk. In contrast to the general population, MetS was not associated with AF in the older population with increased cardiovascular risk studied in SPRINT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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30. Trust in physicians and blood pressure control in blacks and whites being treated for hypertension in the REGARDS study.

Author

Durant, Raegan W, Durant, Raegan W, McClure, Leslie A, Halanych, Jewell H, Lewis, Cora E, Prineas, Ronald J, Glasser, Stephen P, Safford, Monika M, Durant, Raegan W, Durant, Raegan W, McClure, Leslie A, Halanych, Jewell H, Lewis, Cora E, Prineas, Ronald J, Glasser, Stephen P, and Safford, Monika M

Abstract

Trust in physicians was not related to blood pressure control among Blacks and Whites with treated hypertension in this sample. The racial disparity in blood pressure control was not completely explained by trust in physicians or medication adherence, and a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to this disparity is needed.

Published
2010

32. Perceived Stress Is Associated With Incident Coronary Heart Disease and All‐Cause Mortality in Low‐ but Not High‐Income Participants in the Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke Study

Author

Redmond, Nicole, primary, Richman, Joshua, additional, Gamboa, Christopher M., additional, Albert, Michelle A., additional, Sims, Mario, additional, Durant, Raegan W., additional, Glasser, Stephen P., additional, and Safford, Monika M., additional

Published
2013
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45. The Association of Statin Use and Statin Type and Cognitive Performance: Analysis of the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Author

Glasser, Stephen P., primary, Wadley, Virginia, additional, Judd, Suzanne, additional, Kana, Bhumika, additional, Prince, Valerie, additional, Jenny, Nancy, additional, Kissela, Brett, additional, Safford, Monika, additional, Prineas, Ronald, additional, and Howard, George, additional

Published
2010
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46. Comparison of Postprandial Responses to a High-Fat Meal in Hypertriglyceridemic Men and Women before and after Treatment with Fenofibrate in the Genetics and Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) Study

Author

Glasser, Stephen P., primary, Wojczynski, Mary K., additional, Oberman, A. l., additional, Kabagambe, Edmond K., additional, Tsai, Michael Y., additional, Ordovas, Jose M., additional, Straka, Robert J., additional, and Arnett, Donna K., additional

Published
2010
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