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Inspired by the background adaptive mechanism of eagle vision in different hunting environment, a biological eagle-eye vision adaptation mechanism algorithm is proposed for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to detect the long-distance maritime small target in complex and changeable sea environment. First, the various environment adjustment abilities are summarized according to the physiological structures and characteristics of eagle vision. Second, the mathematical models of glaring adaptation, dim adaptation, color adaptation, and the background adaptation are established based on the background adaptation mechanisms of eagle vision. Last but not least, our proposed biological eagle-eye vision adaptation method and other five comparative experiments are implemented in different scenes, such as dazzling, cloudy, dusk, etc. The results of various evaluation indices show that the information of maritime small target is retained satisfactorily and the background of sea or sky is restrained effectively by the proposed algorithm. The maritime small target detection algorithm can be used for the vision system of UAV operating on the sea. It provides a feasible solution for UAV's remote vision autonomous navigation in changeable sea environment.

Between 1990–1992, as well as 2011, the archaeological campaigns within the Potaissa legionary fortress focused primarily on researching the centuriae cohortis I milliariae in latus praetorii dextrum. This endeavour lead to the discovery of a total of 928 individual wares. One of the most interesting finds comes in the form of a face pot, a unique discovery so far for this legionary fortress.

The inequalities embedded in the international distribution of COVID-19 vaccines are glaring. Home to 81 percent of the world’s adult population, low- and middle-income countries have been able to ...

This collection takes note of two giant facts and one glaring historiographical gap: over the last decades, following the historical profession’s ‘cultural turn’, the sub-field of sports history ha...

The lack of a computerized approach to optimally size hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) systems leaves a glaring gap in our knowledge of their benefits when utilized in an urban environment. To address this issue, this study introduces two new, robust methodologies, one for determining optimal GSHP size as part of a hybrid system for an individual building and one for assessing the appropriateness of combining multiple buildings onto a single hybrid GSHP system. Both methodologies simultaneously consider heating and cooling and are applicable to residential, commercial and industrial buildings that are either heating or cooling dominant. Using these methodologies can result in significant reductions in initial costs of installation, payback period, and operation costs, when compared to following rules of thumb or using non-hybrid systems. In most cases, when optimization is performed, the GSHP meets very large portions of the total annual heating and cooling demand of buildings.

Hospitals in the United States are assessed and ranked by several agencies and services, including U.S. News & World Report. Frequently, though, the key hospital throughput metric of inpatient boarding time in the emergency department (ED) is not considered when ranking hospitals. As a result, there is a discordance in which highly ranking hospitals may be poor performers in boarding of patients, a practice with known adverse safety effects. This article outlines the rationale for considering ED boarding in hospital ranking and quality assessments.

Revisiting James C. Scott’s classification of forms of resistance, this paper argues that (hidden, subtle) everyday resistance is only one of many types of small-scale or individual resistance prac...

Inequality is the handmaiden of progress.1Capitalism is lauded for its associations with liberty, progress and prosperity; it is derided for being oblivious to glaring social and economic inequalit...

Department of Printed Electronics Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-950, Korea(Received July 21, 2014; Revised July 30, 2014; Accepted August 6, 2014)Abstract: Recently, LED lighting fixtures for crosswalk become popular in order to recognize the pedestrians at crosswalk, which can enhance the safety of the pedestrian at crosswalk. However, there are several problems related to the LED lighting fixtures for crosswalk, such as a lot of energy consumption due to a constant illumination during night and glaring of pedestrians at the opposite side of crosswalk. In this study, in order to overcome these problems, we have investigated a novel LED lighting fixture for crosswalk, which has two modules with different angles (60°, 120°). Illuminance of min and max at four-line city street crosswalk shown 50 Lux, 125 Lux, respectively. Illuminance of min and max at eight-line city street crosswalk shown 150 Lux, 200 Lux, respectively. Simulation investigation was optimized design using optical program. Prototype was verified measurement by goniometer system.Keywords: Crosswalk, Crosswalk light, Pedestrian, Light-emitting diodes, LED light, Light distribution

Artists using film and video today often confront us with moving images which test our perceptual capacities. Certain works by David Claerbout, Tacita Dean, and Anri Sala, for example, are dim, dazzling, shimmering, glaring, intense, dreamy, opaque, and abstract. What is more, in their obsession with stillness they also test our patience, our attentiveness, and our time.

This study aims to investigate the effects of view content as related to landscape preference on the sensation of discomfort. The study began with an investigation of the effect of the presence of a view on discomfort glare. The experiment was carried out in a laboratory investigating real views with 32 students as subjects. Following this, the effects of four factors related to landscape preference were investigated: complexity, coherence, mystery, and legibility. This study was done in a laboratory using small projected images representing real scenes with 24 subjects. The last experiment aimed to see the effect of view complexity and mystery. This was carried out in a real school classroom using 32 Thai students as subjects. The result showed that there is an important effect from the presence of a view on discomfort glare. The findings also suggested several significant effects on the sensation of glare discomfort, for example, view mystery, and view complexity. Keywords: Discomfort glare; view; landscape preference; daylighting DOI: 10.4038/besl.v9i1-2.3064 Built - Environment - Sri Lanka - Vol. 09 - 10, Issue 01 - 02 : 2011 pp.45-55

The paper explores how the uniform of a group of female cleaners appears to be more than an abstract object framed by the practical exegetics of work. The uniform is seen as acting as a material exercise of discretionary and disciplinary power of inscription, and as the paper shows, emerges as a mode by which the cleaners are homogenously objectified and plastically turned into ‘subjects’ (Foucault 1982). The paper shows too that while the single layered cleaners' uniform can be seen as disciplining the body and stripping down the complex multi-layers of their personality and attempting to naturalise their status as cleaners, the women's narratives reveal their attempts to destabilise this conscription, if only outside the spatial and organisational domain of the work space.

It’s morning, and I’m riding the slow bus uptown. As I glance out the window, I see two women amble arm in arm, strolling in rhythmic sync with one another. Two adults and an older child hurry to the corner with the same urgent swing of the arm and tightly held hips. A man and woman sit across from one another in a coffee shop, each focusing on the other, both heads titling to one side. A beautiful young woman in tight, low cut jeans lies seductively across the side of a bus, urging me to dress like her. Everywhere I look, I see people reflecting one another. Last night’s performance of Sankai Juku’s Kagemi: Beyond the Metaphor of Mirrors functions like a pair of polarized sunglasses, filtering out the glaring rays of my needs and desires, allowing me to perceive the reflective shadows of shape and pattern in the world around me with a clarity previously unavailable. What does lie beyond the metaphor of mirrors?

This paper presents the general idea and structure of an active front-lighting system that creates an optimal adaptive light distribution that prevents the glaring of other road users and marks hazard potentials. The concept represents a mechatronic system consisting of sensors, actuator, information processing, and a mechanical basic structure. In addition to the functional structure and basic organization of the information processing, hardware considerations for the implementation of the sensor and actuator side are shown.

WHEN you crash your bike and bang up your body, do you go to the experienced orthopedic surgeon or the one just out of residency? When you crash your car and the other driver sues for negligence, do you prefer the advice of a senior attorney who has won a raft of cases or the recent law school

This study evaluated the influences of lamp separation and lamp intensity on the effectiveness of daytime running lights. Subjects performed two tasks. They rated discomfort glare from a pair of lamps, and evaluated the conspicuity of the same lamps. The same nine stimuli were used in both the glare and conspicuity portions of the study. These nine stimuli were obtained by the orthogonal combination of three levels of luminous intensity directed towards the subject's eyes from the two lamps (14,000, 3,500, and 875 cd), and three levels of lamp separation (1.05, 0.65, and 0.25 m-edge to edge). The study was performed outdoors, on bright, sunny days. The viewing distance was 20 m. As expected, lamp intensity had strong effects on both discomfort glare and conspicuity. On the other hand, in the case of lamp separation, there was more evidence for an effect on conspicuity (narrowly separated lamps being more noticeable) than on discomfort glare (a statistically nonsignificant trend for narrowly separated lamps to be only slightly more discomforting). Consequently, if the possible increase in discomfort from narrowly separated lamps is counteracted by a slight reduction in intensity, there is still a net benefit for narrowly separated lamps in terms of conspicuity. Conversely, narrowly separated lamps that are as noticeable as widely separated lamps of higher intensity would be less glaring. The present findings imply that there is a small net benefit in using narrowly separated daytime running lights.

Everyone shares the right to a decent standard of living. Essential to the achievement of this standard and therefore to the fulfillment of human life beyond simple survival is access to adequate housing. The international human rights law has sought to translate this vision of adequate housing into practical legal formulation. This article is intended to find out the justifiability of the right to adequate housing at national and international arena and thus urges for the implementation of the right to adequate housing for upgrading the level of living. Here an effort is made to realize the strategies to implement this right to adequate housing from the experiences of Sri Lankan project of successful implementation of this right as because in many cases, it is necessary for governments to provide physical shelter directly to the people. The writing also recommends the needs of judicial enforcement for ensuring the enjoyment of the right to adequate housing as a link with the express guarantees of other rights. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n13p447

The starting point for this paper will be the surprising opening remarks of Section VI of Murray’s first Handbook for Travellers in France published in 1843: The Englishman who knows the South of France from books; who there finds Provence described as the cradle of Poetry and Romance, the paradise of the Troubadours, a land teeming with oil, wine, silk and perfumes has probably formed in his mind a picture of a region beautiful to behold, and charming to inhabit. These anticipations may prob...

The necessitation in the optimal power demand model, make it an impetus to present this work as a glaring path in determining the optimum power demand curve, using the available data of a substation. The data are used to find the equation and its coefficients of determination that can give the best-fit curve of the power demand of a substation, based on the available data. This will produce a model that can be validated by comparing the data and figured out the equation.

Purpose When a person is confronted with a bright light source against a dim background, scattered light can cause visual discomfort in addition to reducing object contrast on the retina. Previous work addressing the effect of glare on visual performance has focused mainly on the reduction in retinal image contrast (known as disability glare) rather than the often accompanying experience of discomfort glare. This study examines how parallel processing of visual information is affected under conditions of discomfort glare. Methods Light scatter sources surrounded a monitor on which the subject carried out standard contrast acuity (CA) tasks. All CA tasks were carried out with and without discomfort glare (estimated in a prior experiment). In the parallel task, a fovea target (Landolt C) and four peripheral stimuli (three distractors and one target) were presented concurrently; the subject had to indicate both the orientation of the gap for the foveal target and the quadrant containing the peripheral target. The size of the peripheral target was increased relative to the foveal target to ensure that all targets were equally detectable. This was done separately with and without discomfort glare, thus negating any influence of disability glare. Results The presence of discomfort glare degrades visual performance in the parallel processing task even when adjustments are made to cancel out the effects of disability glare. Conclusion Studies that have focused only on disability glare may be underestimating the adverse effect glaring light sources can have on visual performance, particularly in real world scenarios where attention to objects in both the fovea and periphery is often required.

While there is considerable OB research in India, major gaps still remain, feels Pradip N Khandwalla. The most glaring lacuna, according to him, is the low responsiveness of OB research to social realities and priorities. He also discusses other dark areas and concludes that it is useful to keep in view what practitioners want from OB, so that OB research becomes more responsive to client needs.

An analytic theory is developed for dynamical-diffraction effects in x-ray radiation from a relativistic electron traversing a thin single crystal. It is shown that such dynamical effects may be responsible for a glaring discrepancy between recent experimental data and the traditional theory of parametric x-ray radiation.

This study investigates the optical design of planar curved LED end-lit light bars using v cuts as light-diverting structures. The application of LEDs in automotive lighting has become popular, especially in signal lamps and daytime running lamps. Most designs adopt a direct back light using arrays of LEDs with diffusive coupling optics, which often causes problems such as low uniformity, glaring, and excessive LEDs. Edge-lit LED light guides in automotive applications share a similar principle with the light-guide plates in back-light models of LCD but with much more complicated geometry. However, related literature on the optical design of nonrectangular light-guide plates is very limited. This study addresses the design of planar curved LED end-lit light bars and the optimization scheme for illuminance uniformity. V cuts are used as the optical coupling features, and the lead angles of the v cuts are varied to achieve optimum axial luminous intensity. This study presents a solution to reduce the illuminance difference between the inner and the outer portions of curved light bars by introducing gradual taper v cuts across the curved section. A line graph with preselected anchor points is proposed to define the size distribution of evenly spaced v cuts along the light bar. A fuzzy optimization scheme is then applied to iterate the anchor size to achieve illuminance uniformity. The designs of a planar curve light bar with a rectangular cross section and a light-guide ring with a circular cross section are presented to illustrate the design scheme.

European visual science during the past 20 years—with the glaring exception of ophthalmological research—is reflected in the annual programmes of the European Conference on Visual Perception. The number of countries that have participated has increased with time, and the spectrum of topics that have been presented has broadened. The number of multiple-author papers has increased dramatically, as has the number of papers by authors from different institutions and different countries.

One of the myths current today, spread by media events such as Al Gore’s film, An Inconvenient Truth, is that everyone will be equal in facing the ecological and human catastrophe of climate change. This is simply not true. Clear thinking about climate change and its likely impact on cultural integrity, transmission, and diversity requires that one take note of the glaring differences today among people on the planet.

When an exposed light source is present in the field of view, the visibility of neighbouring objects is impaired owing to what may be called the glare effect of the light source. This glare effect has been studied by several investigators, who have measured the increase in the smallest perceptible brightness difference (brightness difference threshold) when the glare source is introduced in such manner that the brightness distribution in the field remains otherwise unchanged. In all the earlier work attention was confined to the case when the subject viewed the brightness difference to be perceived, by direct or foveal vision. For this case the investigations of Luckiesh and Holladay (1925) and of Stiles (1929) have shown that if the field has a uniform brightness of B c./sq. ft. and if a point source, located θ ° from the test object, produces an illumination of E ft. c. on the pupillary plane at the subject’s eye, then the brightness difference threshold T is raised from the value T 0 appropriate to the field brightness B , to the value T G appropriate to a field brightness β , where β = B + kE / θ n . (1) Thus the effect of the glare source on the brightness difference threshold is reproduced by superposing a uniform brightness γ = kE / θ n on the field brightness B . β is termed the equivalent uniform field brightness, and γ = kE / θ n , the equivalent veiling brightness, of the given glare condition. Various values of the constants k and n have been obtained by different investigators, but the best representative values may be taken as n = approximately 2, k = approximately 10. (See Appendix.) It has (Stiles and Crawford 1932) that the value of β for a given glare condition is independent of the size, colour and exposure time of the brightness difference used in the determination of the difference threshold.

By the brightness difference threshold is ordinarily understood the least perceptible difference of brightness of two contiguous test-fields when the brightness of one of these has a given value. It is well known, however, that this critical brightness difference depends not only on the given test-field brightness but also on the brightness in the remaining parts of the visual field. A change in the latter is accomplished in general by a change in the threshold. When an unshielded light source is introduced into the field of view, thee field brightness being otherwise unchanged, the threshold is found experimentally to increase. The observed increase in this case may be regarded as one of the things intended when the unshielded light source is described as "glaring." The researches of Bordoni and others have shown that the change in the threshold varies continuously with the intensity of the glare source and with its position in the field of view. The important conclusion has also been arrived at that provided the linear dimensions of the glare source do not exceed a certain limit, the effect on the threshold depends only on the candle-power in the direction of the subject's eyes and not explicitly on the size or brightness of the source. When such is the case, we may speak of a point source of glare and specify it merely by its position in the visual field and its candle-power. In the present paper an account is given of the determination of the threshold in the presence of a point source of glare for various values of the general brightness level in the field, and for different positions and intensities of the glare source. The ranges of the variables have been chosen with a view to the application of the results in practical illumination problems, such as the design of street lighting installations to give best visibility conditions. The method of measurement is chosen to correspond as far as possible to normal vision conditions, the subject having the unrestricted use of both eyes. In a number of the earlier threshold determinations, notably those of König and Brodhun, the chief interest was the retinal sensitivity, and pupillary accommodation and binocular effects were eliminated by using one eye only and an artificial pupil. The threshold appropriate to these conditions will not necessarily be the same as that for normal vision conditions.

Some 30 years ago, when I began teaching in this department, the only microscope lamps in the laboratories were naked bulbs set along the backs of the benches in glaring rows. Lamphouses, essentially like that shown in Fig. 1 A were invented of necessity: and they were put together by hand for a few shillings each. Designed at the time as makeshifts, lamps of this kind today provide the light source for almost all of our several scores of microscopes that do not have built-in illumination. Students generally choose to use them in preference to our newly-acquired, highly sophisticated, and expensive microscope lamps. The lamphouses have been copied by a number of schools and other institutions, and inquired about by many visitors. For these reasons, and because there is at least one University department in this country that still uses naked bulbs (in Anglepoise holders) for microscope illumination, it is thought that it will be helpful to describe precisely how our lamphouses are constructed.

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Clyman Teal: swaying and resting his back against the clean-grain hopper, hold ing the header wheel of the Caterpillar-drawn John Deere 36 combine, a twenty nine year old brazed and wired together machine moving along its path around the seven hundred acre and perfectly rectangular field of barley with seeming infinite slowness, traveling no more than two miles in an hour, harvest dust ris ing from the separating fans within the machine and hanging around him as he silently contemplates the acreage being reduced swath by swath, a pale yellow rectangle peeling toward the last narrow and irregular cut and the finished cen ter, his eyes flat and gray, squinted against the sun. Robert Onnter, standing before the self-portrait of Van Gogh, had finally re membered Clyman Teal, his expression beneath that limp sweat and grease stained hat, the long round chin and creased, sun and wind burned cheeks and still shaded eyes, a lump of tobacco wadded under his thin lower lip, sparse gray week-old whiskers, face of a man getting through not just the pain of his last illness and approaching death, but the glaring sameness of what he saw, at least trying to see through. Changing position every few moments, as if from some not yet discovered perspective he would be able to see into an interior space he felt the picture must have, Robert Onnter faced the self-portrait of Van Gogh on temporary dis play in the marble-floored main lower corridor of the Chicago Art Institute and felt the eyes in the portrait as those of a man looking into whatever Clyman Teal must have seen while watching the harvest fields that occupied the sun-colored, impenetrable August days of his life, the sheen brilliant and unresolved as light glaring off buffed aluminum: eye of Van Gogh. In the same place the afternoon before, people dressed for winter occasionally passing, Robert had been distracted by the woman . . . her gloved hand on his sleeve . . . while trying to visualize something he could not imagine, what lay beneath and yet over the texture of thick blue paint, how the ridged strokes fixed there changed his memories of slick wheatfield prints under glass in frames on his

The authors of this paper have given me few, if any, glaring errors of commission to attack, and they have had the integrity to point out many of their omissions themselves. While this honesty is laudable it tends to make the' job of the discussant more difficult. Many of the omissions I do refer to can reasonably be ascribed to limitations of time and space imposed by the invited paper format and does not imply that the authors are unaware of or have not considered these points. I will proceed by indicating some of the gaps in this analysis and then move on to some areas of research that could benefit our understanding of the economics of alternative tillage systems.

This investigation is the second study of short period flow decay in the Hanford reactors. The first study was made on the D-Reactor. As in the analysis for D-Reactor quantitative analyses were made for ruptures that might result from sabotage. A visual inspection of the entire process water piping system was also made to check for any glaring deficiencies with respect to earthquake resistance. A brief discussion of the earthquake resistance of the system is also included in this report.

WHILST feeling obliged to your reviewer's appreciation of my essay (p. 220), I am bound to rectify some very glaring discrepancies.

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