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Various computing subdisciplines, such as computer science and software engineering, each have their own curricular guidelines. They can be very difficult to understand and compare for people such as prospective students, industry personnel, and even faculty members. This is compounded by a lack of information surrounding undergraduate computing curricular topics via visual methods. This paper describes two experimental activities where the objective is to explore the possibility of obtaining quantitative data sets necessary for visualization, one based on competencies and the other based on knowledge areas. Both activities were based on surveys. The results from the first activity showed that a consensus interpretation could be obtained for the knowledge, skills, and dispositions implied by the competency descriptions, although not as strongly for dispositions. The second activity resulted in a table of knowledge areas with minimum and maximum weights for six computing subdisciplines. Finally, this paper also shows two examples of how users can explore the various curricular guidelines through visualization.

The goal of this one-day workshop will be to revisit what is meant by Cognitive Ergonomics by bringing together researchers and practitioners who have an interest in carrying forward CE as a meaningful discipline.

People with disabilities are a potential source of ideas and additional membership for professional computing organizations. Including people with disabilities in the decision-making processes of professional computing organizations ensures the most important barriers are addressed first. SIGCHI is one of ACM's largest special interest groups, with approximately 3,500 members as of 2016. SIGCHI has three goals, underscore the importance of stakeholder engagement; offer broad suggestions for how large SIGs can improve the inclusiveness of physical events and digital content; and underscore that addressing physical and digital accessibility is an ongoing process that takes time, with involvement of many stakeholders. These stakeholders must work together to drive the creation of acceptable and accepted guidelines and resources, find individuals with expertise to work in an advisory capacity, and find volunteers to implement effective strategies and provide feedback regarding the policies and guidelines in action. SIGCHI's hope is that SIGCHI will be a community that is perceived as welcoming for all researchers and practitioners with disabilities. Large SIGs, when they educate others about digital and physical accessibility, can have significant influence on the conference locations they rent and the universities and companies that employ their members. ACM has a leading role to play by ensuring all SIGs strive to be inclusive and by thus being a role model for other professional associations. The best way to handle such responsibility would ultimately be to ensure there are professional staff supporting and centralizing the most vital accessibility needs and accessibility is included in contractual relationships.

Part 1: Beyond Computers: Wearables, Humans, And Things – WHAT!; International audience; This contribution shows how we discovered, by teaching and design, the need for ICT support in the domain of cultural heritage collections. We show examples of current situations with, both, workable solutions and logistic problems regarding the maintenance, documentation, and availability of precious artifacts to keep cultures alive. We point to currently available techniques to incorporate cultural heritage artifacts in a cloud based structure for knowledge and communication that might enable the continuation of cultures in an easy and safe way.

Earlier work within the CSCW community treated the notion of awareness as an important resource for supporting shared work and work-related activities. However, new trends have emerged in recent times that utilize the notion of awareness beyond work-related activities and explore social, emotional and interpersonal aspects of people’s everyday lives. To investigate this broader notion of awareness, we carried out a field study using ethnographic and cultural probe based methods in an academic setting. Our aim was to study staff members’ everyday activities in their natural surroundings; understand how awareness beyond work-related activities plays out and how it is dealt with. Our field study results shed light on two broad and sometimes overlapping themes of interaction between staff members: 1) self-representations and 2) casual encounters. We provide examples from the field illustrating these two themes. In general, our results show how awcreness is closely associated with people’s everyday lives, where they creatively and artfully utilize ordinary resources from their environments to carry out their routine activities. Using the results of our field study, we describe the design of a situated display called Panorama that is meant to support non-critical, non-work-related awareness within work environments.

Part 1: Beyond Computers: Wearables, Humans, And Things – WHAT!; International audience; This contribution shows how the experienced location of data or information, and of computing, changed since the first general use of information and communication technology. We show how many current and future non-professional users will develop a view of locality for physical tagged entry points to resources that are in fact nodes in an, often global, network.

Computer supported collaborative work supports the interaction and joint task solving between humans by setting a machine or computer in-between. Similarly, collaborative environments support decision-makings incorporating different points of view and a variety of competences. As such, the identification and selection of the underlying requirements involved in collaboration is a challenging task. In order to facilitate this task, we performed a thorough literature review with the aim to discern such requirements. The result is a set of qualitative criteria that can be applied to generic computer supported collaboration environments. Furthermore, the mapping of the generic catalogue to a specific collaboration task is demonstrated.

Erratum to: J. Gulliksen et al. (Eds.) Engineering Interactive Systems DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-92698-6

User centered design is a relatively young design approach. Over the years, user centered design changed its scope. However, the concept of usability does not just expand by broadening the view on ease of use and learning. Experience is added in the nineties and in 2006 we find Apple suggest its iPod users to “Enjoy Uncertainty.” The history of user centered design (or human-computer interaction, or cognitive ergonomics) shows the development of the design approach as a movement in different dimensions: from the reign of functionality to attention to individual users in context; from user control to experience and entertainment; and from a culturally defined cost-benefit goal to perspective on a multitude of design cultures and cultures of use.

We attempt to contribute to a general theory of requirements change from a goal-oriented and viewpoints-driven angle. To practitioners, this knowledge is relevant to anticipate changes in certain types of requirements, which may shorten the project's timeline, reduce costs, and increase product quality. Initially, we followed the common assumptions that what should be on a system is demanded by goals to achieve and what should not be on a system is demanded by goal states to avoid. However, requirements engineering of a diversity of systems (capacity and warehouse management, COTS PCs, and a Braille mouse) revealed that must requirements are predicted by goals to avoid (!) and won't requirements by goals to approach (!). Expectations about the positive or negative impact (valence) of requirements on goals played a moderating role. We unfold the gradual discovery of this "goals-to-requirements chiasm" (CHI-effect or χ-effect), claiming that variability in agreement to positive or negative requirements is predicted by goals of opposite polarity. We found that whether the χ-effect occurred or not, depended on the alignment of stakeholder viewpoints on goals and requirements. Comments from practitioners are included. Categories & Subject Descriptors: H.1.2 [Models and Principles]: User/Machine Systems-Human information processing; K.6.3 [Management of Computing and Information Systems]: Software Management-Software development. General Terms: Requirements Engineering, Human Factors, Theory. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

International audience; The DIViM 2015 workshop focuses on different issues and limitations regarding designing intuitive interaction and visualization for mobile applications and devices, as well as how to overcome these limits through novel approaches and techniques.

In this paper, we show how different elements of awareness information in groupware systems can be defined in terms of conveying attentive states of the participants. Different kinds of awareness are distinguished: at macro- and micro-level, the latter consisting of workspace awareness and conversational awareness. We summarize the functional elements of micro-level awareness, organizing them hierarchically in terms of their relation to the attention of participants. We further discuss how groupware systems can capture and represent awareness by means of attention-based metaphors, and give an example of a virtual meeting room in which the gaze direction of the participants is conveyed by means of modern ‘imaging’ eyetracking technology.

We introduce the idea of geo-locking through a mobile phone based photo sharing application called Picalilly (figure 1). Using its geo-locking feature, Picalilly allows its users to manually define geographical boundaries for sharing photos -- limiting sharing within user-defined boundaries as well as facilitating open sharing between strangers within such boundaries. To explore the potential of geo-locking, we carried out a small scale field trial of Picalilly involving two groups of students, who were part of a two-week long introduction program at a university. Our preliminary results show that Picalilly facilitated 1) sharing of 'places' and 2) localized explorations.

The task analysis methods discussed in this presentation stem from Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and Ethnography (as applied for the design of Computer Supported Cooperative Work CSCW), different disciplines that often are considered conflicting approaches when applied to the same design problems. Both approaches have their strength and weakness, and an integration of them does add value to the early stages of design of cooperation technology. In order to develop an integrated method for groupware task analysis (GTA) a conceptual framework is presented that allows a systematic perspective on complex work phenomena. The framework features a triple focus, considering (a) people, (b) work, and (c) the situation. Integrating various task-modeling approaches requires vehicles for making design information explicit, for which an object oriented formalism will be suggested. GTA consists of a method and framework that have been developed during practical design exercises. Examples from some of these cases will illustrate our approach.

The Free Technology Academy (FTA) is a programme of master-level courses on Free Software and Open Standards that publishes all of its materials as Open Educational Resources. The FTA is run through a virtual campus, entirely based on Free Software and implemented as part of a European project. The goal is to make the production of course materials economically sustainable. We surmise that peer production is an alternative that will foster the sustainability of the FTA. Our ultimate goal is to identify how peer production can be fostered and supported. To that end, in this paper we first describe the FTA educational methodology as well as the characteristics of peer production. Next, we present some evidence that shows the motivation people have to participate in peer production, mainly in Free Software, as well as the importance of Learning Networks in this context. Thereafter, we discuss our initial thoughts about what lessons can be drawn. Finally, we present conclusions and future work.

Our approach towards teaching visual design is based on our viewpoint of visualization as a way to elicit understanding and experience. Our teaching practice shows a permanent stress on an analytic attitude and an explicit application of design space to fit the design to the users' culture and context and still stimulate creative solutions.

A brief history of interaction design shows that there is an ongoing cultural change in the relation between people and computers. This results in a structural need to include new disciplines in interaction design approaches. The concept of experience is analysed, and the need for new curricula is shown. One example of a curriculum is illustrated, with its successes and

This paper describes the latest insights in HCI education inspired and informed by the creative disciplines, how education is implemented, and how it could be fed back into the artistic fields. It contains examples, contrasts different methods, and discusses and concludes the findings for HCI education in general. A course on HCI is described which is supported by a creative approach, related to art, architecture and music. Experiences are described in of HCI tools and insights such as structured design methods, interaction frameworks and interface design heuristics relevant to the arts fields.

User interfaces in modern bioinformatics tools are designed for experts. They are too complicated for novice users such as bench biologists. This report presents the full results of a formative user study as part of a domain and requirements analysis to enhance user interfaces and collaborative environments for multidisciplinary teamwork. Contextual field observations, questionnaires and interviews with bioinformatics researchers of different levels of expertise and various backgrounds were performed in order to gain insight into their needs and working practices. The analysed results are presented as a user profile description and user requirements for designing user interfaces that support the collaboration of multidisciplinary research teams in scientific collaborative environments. Although the number of participants limits the generalisability of the findings, the combination of recurrent observations with other user analysis techniques in real-life settings makes the contribution of this user study novel.

Cognitive Ergonomics is discussed as a systematic base for user interface design. The history of the discipline, explicitly existing now for about 25 years, is discussed, from participatory design, through various flavors of user centered design, to contextual design. Several persistent misunderstandings regarding the need for user interface design are analyzed. The concept of activity centered design is proposed as state of the art approach, and several techniques that support this paradigm are mentioned and illustrated.

We studied whether the gaze direction of users indicates whom they are speaking or listening to in multiparty conversations. Results show when someone is listening or speaking to individuals, there is indeed a high probability that the person looked at is the person listened (p=88%) or spoken to (p=77%). We implemented these findings in a multi-agent conversational system that uses eye input to gauge which agent the user is listening or speaking to.

Usability has gained a lot of attention in the design community and it is one of main goals of every design project. Evaluating usability is usually done with end-users after a prototype has been built and there are not many techniques available that allow usability evaluation during the early design phases. Current dialog modeling techniques generally do not deal with usability aspects, as they are often functional based models, dealing only with states and state changes. This paper investigates how usability aspects can be incorporated into dialog models so that usability can be evaluated during the design process without doing usage tests. A set of measurable properties is given which together could give an indication about the usability of the design, This way, some usability aspects can be covered early in the design process without the need for an executable prototype or end-users.

Given that communication network bandwidth remains at a premium, the design of multiparty mediated systems is a problem of conveying the least redundant information first. We investigated the redundancy of gaze direction in relation to typical full-motion visual cues in performing a triadic abstract office communication task. The results of the experiment indicate that the use of still-video does not necessarily have a negative impact on task performance. Gaze directional cues may provide extra regulative information, but with regard to task performance in small, well-organized groups this information seems to be largely redundant.

Many different task modeling methods exist. In this paper, we discuss 1) ingredients common to most task models, 2) how task modeling relates to the design of user interfaces, and 3) our proposed ontology for task analysis. We then show our task analysis tool that is based on the ontology. It is our belief that task models should be based on an ontology that describes the relevant concepts and the relationships between them, independently of any used graphical representations. Such an ontology helps to understand the different task modeling methods and it can also be operationalized for use in tools.

This contribution describes an interdisciplinary approach to the problem of applying psychological knowledge about the human end-user of an application system to the design of the user interface. To this end, relevant concepts from the domain of human factors from the domain of systems design had to be related to each other. Several description methods and representational languages had to be defined for the mental model and the conceptual model of the system on the one hand, and for the user interface and application interface on the other. The different representations had to be mapped onto those applied in the other domain. The resulting set of methods and tools enables an interdisciplinary team to describe the conceptual model of an existing application system, to define a user interface for this application that is acceptable from a human factors point of view, and to construct the actual interface in order to test whether this enables the user to interact with the system in a more comfortable way.