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1. On the Prescribed Ricci Curvature of Noncompact Homogeneous Spaces with Two Isotropy Summands

Author

Gaskins, Dustin

Subjects
Mathematics - Differential Geometry, 53C30
Abstract

This work studies simply connected, noncompact $G/H$ in which $G$ is semi-simple, $H$ is connected, and $G/H$ has two irreducible summands. Here, we classify all such spaces and we provide solutions to the so-called Prescribed Ricci Curvature problem for all such spaces., Comment: 57 Pages, 10 figures. This work is derived from the author's Ph. D dissertation at the University of Oklahoma (https://shareok.org/items/3d349210-4d4f-454f-90a0-c3e18558f021). There is an incidental omission of a table in the dissertation that is corrected here

Published
2025

2. Analyzing zero-inflated clustered longitudinal ordinal outcomes using GEE-type models with an application to dental fluorosis studies

Author

Sarkar, Shoumi, Mukherjee, Anish, Gaskins, Jeremy, Levy, Steven, Qiu, Peihua, and Datta, Somnath

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

Motivated by the Iowa Fluoride Study (IFS) dataset, which comprises zero-inflated multi-level ordinal responses on tooth fluorosis, we develop an estimation scheme leveraging generalized estimating equations (GEEs) and James-Stein shrinkage. Previous analyses of this cohort study primarily focused on caries (count response) or employed a Bayesian approach to the ordinal fluorosis outcome. This study is based on the expanded dataset that now includes observations for age 23, whereas earlier works were restricted to ages 9, 13, and/or 17 according to the participants' ages at the time of measurement. The adoption of a frequentist perspective enhances the interpretability to a broader audience. Over a choice of several covariance structures, separate models are formulated for the presence (zero versus non-zero score) and severity (non-zero ordinal scores) of fluorosis, which are then integrated through shared regression parameters. This comprehensive framework effectively identifies risk or protective effects of dietary and non-dietary factors on dental fluorosis., Comment: 33 pages, 1 figure. Added Acknowledgment section and fixed page numbering

Published
2024

3. Modeling Zero-Inflated Correlated Dental Data through Gaussian Copulas and Approximate Bayesian Computation

Author

Mukherjee, Anish, Gaskins, Jeremy T., Sarkar, Shoumi, Levy, Steven, and Datta, Somnath

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology, Statistics - Applications
Abstract

We develop a new longitudinal count data regression model that accounts for zero-inflation and spatio-temporal correlation across responses. This project is motivated by an analysis of Iowa Fluoride Study (IFS) data, a longitudinal cohort study with data on caries (cavity) experience scores measured for each tooth across five time points. To that end, we use a hurdle model for zero-inflation with two parts: the presence model indicating whether a count is non-zero through logistic regression and the severity model that considers the non-zero counts through a shifted Negative Binomial distribution allowing overdispersion. To incorporate dependence across measurement occasion and teeth, these marginal models are embedded within a Gaussian copula that introduces spatio-temporal correlations. A distinct advantage of this formulation is that it allows us to determine covariate effects with population-level (marginal) interpretations in contrast to mixed model choices. Standard Bayesian sampling from such a model is infeasible, so we use approximate Bayesian computing for inference. This approach is applied to the IFS data to gain insight into the risk factors for dental caries and the correlation structure across teeth and time.

Published
2024

4. Disorder controlled sound speed and thermal conductivity of hybrid metalcone films

Author

Hoque, Md Shafkat Bin, Nye, Rachel A., Zare, Saman, Atkinson, Stephanie, Wang, Siyao, Jones, Andrew H., Gaskins, John T., Parsons, Gregory, and Hopkins, Patrick E.

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

The multifaceted applications of polymers are often limited by their thermal conductivity. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of thermal transport in polymers is of vital interest. Here, we leverage molecular layer deposition to grow three types of hybrid metalcone (i.e., alucone, zincone, and tincone) films and study their thermal and acoustic properties. The thermal conductivity of the hybrid polymer films ranges from 0.43 to 1.14 W/mK. Using kinetic theory, we trace the origin of thermal conductivity difference to sound speed change, which is dictated by the structural disorder within the films. Changing the disorder has negligible impacts on volumetric heat capacity and vibrational lifetimes. Our findings provide means to improve the thermal conductivity of organic, hybrid, and inorganic polymer films.

Published
2024
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6. Examining How the Pandemic Impacted Opinions for Course Formats

Author

Angela Kelling, Nicholas Kelling, and LeeBrian Gaskins

Abstract

Previous research has produced mixed results related to online courses with selection often driven by their benefits. However, some students and instructors were avoiding this format because of their drawbacks. Given that the pandemic forced a shift to online education, those reluctant individuals gained experience with online courses. Being forced into a particular format could lead to acceptance because of the experience or resentment because of the lack of choice. Therefore, it is important to examine if the pandemic altered opinions of online courses. The current study was a replication of previous pre-pandemic work (Kelling et al., 2019) and examined opinions of students who are enrolled in online courses and the faculty who teach them. Results were similar but slightly more supportive of a preference for face-to-face courses. Questions were added to address reasons for withdrawal and failure, main challenges of online courses, and how the university could better support online teaching or enhance student success in online courses. Answers to these questions reflected struggles of pandemic teaching and learning along with high levels of self-awareness. As higher education continues to adapt based on the pandemic, research on opinions about course learning outcomes and satisfaction are important. It is essential to examine the challenges and needed support to enhance both student access and achievement are enhanced.

Published
2023

7. Ruddlesden-Popper chalcogenides push the limit of mechanical stiffness and glass-like thermal conductivity in single crystals

Author

Hoque, Md Shafkat Bin, Hoglund, Eric R., Zhao, Boyang, Bao, De-Liang, Zhou, Hao, Thakur, Sandip, Osei-Agyemang, Eric, Hattar, Khalid, Scott, Ethan A., Surendran, Mythili, Tomko, John A., Gaskins, John T., Aryana, Kiumars, Makarem, Sara, Alwen, Adie, Hodge, Andrea, Balasubramanian, Ganesh, Giri, Ashutosh, Feng, Tianli, Hachtel, Jordan A., Ravichandran, Jayakanth, Pantelides, Sokrates T., and Hopkins, Patrick E.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

Insulating materials featuring ultralow thermal conductivity for diverse applications also require robust mechanical properties. Conventional thinking, however, which correlates strong bonding with high atomic-vibration-mediated heat conduction, led to diverse weakly bonded materials that feature ultralow thermal conductivity and low elastic moduli. One must, therefore, search for strongly-bonded single crystals in which heat transport is impeded by other means. Here, we report intrinsic, glass-like, ultralow thermal conductivity and ultrahigh elastic-modulus/thermal-conductivity ratio in single-crystalline Ruddlesden-Popper Ban+1ZrnS3n+1, n = 2,3, which are derivatives of BaZrS3. Their key features are strong anharmonicity and intra-unit-cell rock-salt blocks. The latter produce strongly bonded intrinsic superlattices, impeding heat conduction by broadband reduction of phonon velocities and mean free paths and concomitant strong phonon localization. The present study initiates a paradigm of mechanically stiff phonon glasses.

Published
2023

8. A Bayesian Methodology for Estimation for Sparse Canonical Correlation

Author

Kulkarni, Siddhesh, Pal, Subhadip, and Gaskins, Jeremy T.

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology, Statistics - Computation, Statistics - Machine Learning, 62, 60
Abstract

It can be challenging to perform an integrative statistical analysis of multi-view high-dimensional data acquired from different experiments on each subject who participated in a joint study. Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) is a statistical procedure for identifying relationships between such data sets. In that context, Structured Sparse CCA (ScSCCA) is a rapidly emerging methodological area that aims for robust modeling of the interrelations between the different data modalities by assuming the corresponding CCA directional vectors to be sparse. Although it is a rapidly growing area of statistical methodology development, there is a need for developing related methodologies in the Bayesian paradigm. In this manuscript, we propose a novel ScSCCA approach where we employ a Bayesian infinite factor model and aim to achieve robust estimation by encouraging sparsity in two different levels of the modeling framework. Firstly, we utilize a multiplicative Half-Cauchy process prior to encourage sparsity at the level of the latent variable loading matrices. Additionally, we promote further sparsity in the covariance matrix by using graphical horseshoe prior or diagonal structure. We conduct multiple simulations to compare the performance of the proposed method with that of other frequently used CCA procedures, and we apply the developed procedures to analyze multi-omics data arising from a breast cancer study.

Published
2023

9. Validation of the Wiedemann-Franz Law in solid and molten tungsten above 2000 K through thermal conductivity measurements via steady state temperature differential radiometry

Author

Milich, Milena, Schonfeld, Hunter B., Boboridis, Konstantinos, Robba, Davide, Vlahovic, Luka, Konings, Rudy, Braun, Jeffrey L., Gaskins, John T., Bhatt, Niraj, Giri, Ashutosh, and Hopkins, Patrick E.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We measure the thermal conductivity of solid and molten tungsten using Steady State Temperature Differential Radiometry. We demonstrate that the thermal conductivity can be well described by application of Wiedemann-Franz Law to electrical resistivity data, thus suggesting the validity of Wiedemann-Franz Law to capture the electronic thermal conductivity of metals in their molten phase. We further support this conclusion using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations with a machine-learned potential. Our results show that at these high temperatures, the vibrational contribution to thermal conductivity is negligible compared to the electronic component.

Published
2023

10. Fast Bayesian High-Dimensional Gaussian Graphical Model Estimation

Author

Bhadury, Sagnik, Mitra, Riten, and Gaskins, Jeremy T.

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology, Statistics - Applications
Abstract

Graphical models describe associations between variables through the notion of conditional independence. Gaussian graphical models are a widely used class of such models where the relationships are formalized by non-null entries of the precision matrix. However, in high dimensional cases, standard covariance estimates are typically unstable. Moreover, it is natural to expect only a few significant associations to be present in many realistic applications. This necessitates the injection of sparsity techniques into the estimation. Classical frequentist methods use penalization for this purpose; in contrast, fully Bayesian methods are computationally slow, typically requiring iterative sampling over a quadratic number of parameters in a space constrained by positive definiteness. We propose a Bayesian graph estimation method based on an ensemble of Bayesian neighborhood regressions. An attractive feature of our methods is the ability for easy parallelization across separate graphical neighborhoods, invoking computational efficiency greater than most existing methods. Our strategy induces sparsity with a Horseshoe shrinkage prior and includes a novel variable selection step based on the marginal likelihood from the predictors ranks. Our method appropriately combines the estimated regression coefficients to produce a graph estimate and a matrix of partial correlation estimates for inference. Performance of various methods are assessed using measures like FDR and TPR. Competitive performance across a variety of cases is demonstrated through extensive simulations. Lastly, we apply these methods to investigate the dependence structure across genetic expressions for women with triple negative breast cancer.

Published
2023

11. Factors Shaping Students' Attitude and Persistence after Participating in a Summer Physics Course -- A Mixed Methods Study

Author

Gibin Raju, Paul Feldkamp, and Whitney Gaskins

Abstract

Enrollment in high school physics across the United States of America is notably lower than in other scientific disciplines. Given that physics serves as a prerequisite for admission into many STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) degree programs, the lack of completion of this course at the high school level can significantly hinder students' readiness for and interest in pursuing STEM majors. Alarmingly, data reveal that two out of five high schools in the US do not offer physics courses, posing a significant challenge in meeting the industry's growing demand for STEM graduates. In response to this gap, the Office of Inclusive Excellence and Community Engagement in the College of Engineering and Applied Science at University of Cincinnati has initiated a summer physics program for local high school students. This study utilizes a mixed methods research design as a research methodology to understand the factors shaping the students' persistence after participating in this course. In the quantitative phase of the study, the participants completed Force Concept Inventory (FCI) and Attitude and Persistence towards STEM (APT-STEM) Instruments, with results indicating enhanced understanding of force concepts and more positive attitudes towards STEM after completing this course. Contrarily, the findings also suggested a decline in persistence. The qualitative phase involved an open-ended survey aimed at identifying factors influencing student persistence. Students reported challenges in comprehending mathematical terminology within physics equations. The paper concludes with a discussion on further research recommendations to enhance the high school physics curriculum, addressing the identified educational gaps.

Published
2024

13. Frequency-based salience of dual meanings in conventional metaphor acquisition: Evidence from toddlers in Urban England

Author

Dorota K. Gaskins

Subjects
concrete, abstract, meaning, metaphor, usage-based, acquisition, Language and Literature, Consciousness. Cognition, BF309-499
Abstract

This study investigates claims that metaphor acquisition is rooted in the words’ concrete meanings: to be able to use metaphors and other non-literal languages, the child needs to ‘go beyond’ meanings that are conventional and so presumably concrete (e.g., Falkum, 2022: 97). To test if metaphor-related words emerge via their concrete senses and how this reflects child-directed speech, I examined 594 hours of interactional data for three English-speaking toddlers from urban middle-class England, whose speech was densely sampled between the ages of 2;00 and 3;01. The data show that 75%–82% conventional metaphors were acquired via their concrete senses and that the order of acquisition of concrete and abstract senses corresponded with their input frequencies. Overall, when hearing conventional metaphors, 81%–89% of the time children were exposed to their concrete meanings. Contrary to the generic argument that children’s pragmatic reasoning with non-literal uses is impeded by meaning conventionality (Falkum, 2022), my preliminary data suggest that it is influenced by the frequency of exposure to the concrete meanings of conventional metaphors, which leads to a generalised prediction that the most probable interpretation of any new metaphor is concrete (literal). Qualitative analyses further reveal that abstract meanings, when acquired first, were learned in highly emotive contexts.

Published
2025
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14. The Deafening Silence of Male Infertility

Author

Nam, Catherine S, Campbell, Kevin J, Acquati, Chiara, Bole, Raevti, Adler, Ava, Collins, David J, Collins, Erica, Samplaski, Mary, Anderson-Bialis, Jake, Andino, Juan J, Asafu-Adjei, Denise, Gaskins, Audrey J, Bortoletto, Pietro, Vij, Sarah C, Orwig, Kyle E, and Lundy, Scott D

Subjects
Reproductive Medicine, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Infertility, Contraception/Reproduction, Reproductive health and childbirth, Clinical Sciences, Urology & Nephrology, Clinical sciences
Published
2023

15. On the thermal and mechanical properties of Mg$_{0.2}$Co$_{0.2}$Ni$_{0.2}$Cu$_{0.2}$Zn$_{0.2}$O across the high-entropy to entropy-stabilized transition

Author

Rost, Christina M., Schmuckler, Daniel L., Bumgardner, Clifton, Hoque, Md Shafkat Bin, Diercks, David R., Gaskins, John T., Maria, Jon-Paul, Brennecka, Geoffrey L., Li, Xiadong, and Hopkins, Patrick E.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

As various property studies continue to emerge on high entropy and entropy-stabilized ceramics, we seek further understanding of property changes across the phase boundary between \enquote{high-entropy} and \enquote{entropy-stabilized}. The thermal and mechanical properties of bulk ceramic entropy stabilized oxide composition Mg$_{0.2}$Co$_{0.2}$Ni$_{0.2}$Cu$_{0.2}$Zn$_{0.2}$O are investigated across this critical transition temperature via the transient plane-source method, temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction, and nano-indentation. Thermal conductivity remains constant within uncertainty across the multi-to-single phase transition at a value of ~2.5 W/mK, while the linear coefficient of thermal expansion increases nearly 24 % from 10.8 to 14.1 x 10$^{-6}$ K$^{-1}$. Mechanical softening is also observed across the transition., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, to be published in APL Materials

Published
2022
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16. Air pollution exposure in vitrified oocyte donors and male recipient partners in relation to fertilization and embryo quality

Author

Sarah LaPointe, Jaqueline C Lee, Zsolt P Nagy, Daniel B Shapiro, Howard H Chang, Yifeng Wang, Armistead G Russell, Heather S Hipp, and Audrey J Gaskins

Subjects
Air Pollution, Reproductive outcomes, Environmental epidemiology, Female, Male, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Background: Studies on air pollution and outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) have focused on couples undergoing autologous IVF, in which it is challenging to disentangle maternal and paternal exposures during gametogenesis. We sought to evaluate the independent associations between air pollution exposure during oogenesis and spermatogenesis on fertilization and embryo quality in non-identified donor oocyte IVF cycles. Methods: Our study included 500 oocyte donors and 915 male recipient partners who contributed 1,095 oocyte thaw cycles (2008–2019). Daily ambient air pollutant exposure was estimated using spatio-temporal models based on residential address and averaged over folliculogenesis (i.e., three months prior to initiation of controlled ovarian stimulation), controlled ovarian stimulation, and spermatogenesis (i.e., 72 days prior to oocyte thaw). We used multivariable generalized estimating equations to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for an interquartile range increase in pollutant exposure in relation to the proportion of oocytes surviving thaw, oocytes fertilized, and usable embryos. Results: Oocyte donors with higher exposure to organic carbon (OC) (aOR = 0.86 95 %CI 0.79,0.94) and particulate matter

Published
2024
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18. Międzynarodowe wytyczne EAACI/GA2LEN/EuroGuiDerm/APAAACI dotyczące definicji, klasyfikacji, diagnostyki i leczenia pokrzywki

Author

Torsten Zuberbier, Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff, Mohamed Abuzakouk, Susan Aquilina, Riccardo Asero, Diane R. Baker, Barbara Ballmer-Weber, Christine Bangert, Moshe Ben-Shoshan, Jonathan A. Bernstein, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Knut Brockow, Zenon Brzoza, Herberto Jose Chong Neto, Martin K. Church, Paulo R. Criado, Inna V. Danilycheva, Corinna Dressler, Luis Felipe Ensina, Luz Fonacier, Matthew Gaskins, Krisztian Gaspar, Aslı Gelincik, Ana Giménez-Arnau, Kiran Godse, Margarida Gonçalo, Clive Grattan, Martine Grosber, Eckard Hamelmann, Jacques Hébert, Michihiro Hide, Allen Kaplan, Alexander Kapp, Aharon Kessel, Emek Kocatürk, Kanokvalai Kulthanan, Désirée Larenas-Linnemann, Antti Lauerma, Tabi A. Leslie, Markus Magerl, Michael Makris, Raisa Y. Meshkova, Martin Metz, Daniel Micallef, Charlotte G. Mortz, Alexander Nast, Hanneke Oude-Elberink, Ruby Pawankar, Paolo D. Pigatto, Hector Ratti Sisa, Marfa Isabel Rojo Gutiérrez, Sarbjit S. Saini, Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier, Bulent E. Sekerel, Frank Siebenhaar, Hanna Siiskonen, Angele Soria, Petra Staubach-Renz, Luca Stingeni, Gordon Sussman, Andrea Szegedi, Simon Francis Thomsen, Zahava Vadasz, Christian Vestergaard, Bettina Wedi, Zuotao Zhao, and Marcus Maurer

Subjects
obrzęk naczynioruchowy, konsensus, oparte na dowodach, świąd, komórka tuczna, pokrzywka, bąbel, Medicine
Abstract

Niniejsza aktualizacja i rewizja międzynarodowych wytycznych dotyczących pokrzywki została opracowana zgodnie z metodami zalecanymi przez Cochrane i grupę roboczą Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Jest to wspólna inicjatywa Dermatology Section of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) i jej Urticaria and Angioedema Centers of Reference and Excellence (UCAREs i ACAREs), European Dermatology Forum (EDF; EuroGuiDerm) oraz Asia Pacific Association of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology z udziałem 64 delegatów z 50 towarzystw krajowych i międzynarodowych z 31 krajów. Konferencja uzgodnieniowa odbyła się 3 grudnia 2020 r. Niniejsze wytyczne zostały uznane i zaakceptowane przez European Union of Medical Specialist s (UEMS). Pokrzywka jest częstą chorobą, w której pośredniczą komórki tuczne, objawiającą się bąblami, obrzękiem naczynioruchowym lub obydwoma tymi objawami. Częstość występowania ostrej pokrzywki w ciągu życia wynosi około 20%. Przewlekła pokrzywka spontaniczna lub indukowalna powoduje niesprawność, pogarsza jakość życia oraz wpływa na aktywność w pracy i w szkole. Ta zaktualizowana wersja międzynarodowych wytycznych dotyczących pokrzywki obejmuje definicję i klasyfikację pokrzywki oraz przedstawia opracowane przez ekspertów i oparte na dowodach metody diagnostyki i leczenia w przypadku różnych podtypów pokrzywki.

Published
2024
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21. Woodhouse Heresies.

Author

Gaskins, Richard

Subjects
Personal injuries -- Laws, regulations and rules, Compensation (Law) -- Laws, regulations and rules, Environmental degradation -- Laws, regulations and rules, Tort liability -- Laws, regulations and rules, Public policy (Law) -- Evaluation, Public health law -- Evaluation, Social costs -- Analysis, Social contract -- Analysis, Common law -- Evaluation, Government regulation
Abstract

I A RADICAL REPORT [I]t is worth remembering that the apparent heresies of one generation become the orthodoxies of the next. (1) More than a half-century after publication of the [...], The radical principles behind the 1967 Woodhouse Report were eclipsed by shifting political styles--and gradually abandoned as heretical. We can now turn to Sir Owen's own notion, that "the apparent heresies of one generation become the orthodoxies of the next", to explore how core Woodhouse heresies might themselves perform this transition: providing fresh support for a generation grappling with headline challenges of climate change and pandemic control.

Published
2023

23. Omics-Based Comparison of Fungal Virulence Genes, Biosynthetic Gene Clusters, and Small Molecules in Penicillium expansum and Penicillium chrysogenum

Author

Holly P. Bartholomew, Christopher Gottschalk, Bret Cooper, Michael R. Bukowski, Ronghui Yang, Verneta L. Gaskins, Dianiris Luciano-Rosario, Jorge M. Fonseca, and Wayne M. Jurick

Subjects
apple, blue mold, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium chrysogenum, metabolomics, secondary metabolites, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Penicillium expansum is a ubiquitous pathogenic fungus that causes blue mold decay of apple fruit postharvest, and another member of the genus, Penicillium chrysogenum, is a well-studied saprophyte valued for antibiotic and small molecule production. While these two fungi have been investigated individually, a recent discovery revealed that P. chrysogenum can block P. expansum-mediated decay of apple fruit. To shed light on this observation, we conducted a comparative genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic study of two P. chrysogenum (404 and 413) and two P. expansum (Pe21 and R19) isolates. Global transcriptional and metabolomic outputs were disparate between the species, nearly identical for P. chrysogenum isolates, and different between P. expansum isolates. Further, the two P. chrysogenum genomes revealed secondary metabolite gene clusters that varied widely from P. expansum. This included the absence of an intact patulin gene cluster in P. chrysogenum, which corroborates the metabolomic data regarding its inability to produce patulin. Additionally, a core subset of P. expansum virulence gene homologues were identified in P. chrysogenum and were similarly transcriptionally regulated in vitro. Molecules with varying biological activities, and phytohormone-like compounds were detected for the first time in P. expansum while antibiotics like penicillin G and other biologically active molecules were discovered in P. chrysogenum culture supernatants. Our findings provide a solid omics-based foundation of small molecule production in these two fungal species with implications in postharvest context and expand the current knowledge of the Penicillium-derived chemical repertoire for broader fundamental and practical applications.

Published
2024
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24. Inspiring a convergent engineering approach to measure and model the tissue microenvironment

Author

Iyer, Rishyashring R., Applegate, Catherine C., Arogundade, Opeyemi H., Bangru, Sushant, Berg, Ian C., Emon, Bashar, Porras-Gomez, Marilyn, Hsieh, Pei-Hsuan, Jeong, Yoon, Kim, Yongdeok, Knox, Hailey J., Moghaddam, Amir Ostadi, Renteria, Carlos A., Richard, Craig, Santaliz-Casiano, Ashlie, Sengupta, Sourya, Wang, Jason, Zambuto, Samantha G., Zeballos, Maria A., Pool, Marcia, Bhargava, Rohit, and Gaskins, H. Rex

Published
2024
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25. Thermal conductivity measurements of sub-surface buried substrates by steady-state thermoreflectance

Author

Hoque, Md Shafkat Bin, Koh, Yee Rui, Aryana, Kiumars, Hoglund, Eric, Braun, Jeffrey L., Olson, David H., Gaskins, John T., Ahmad, Habib, Elahi, Mirza Mohammad Mahbube, Hite, Jennifer K., Leseman, Zayd C., Doolittle, W. Alan, and Hopkins, Patrick E.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Measuring the thermal conductivity of sub-surface buried substrates are of significant practical interests. However, this remains challenging with traditional pump-probe spectroscopies due to their limited thermal penetration depths (TPD). Here, we experimentally and numerically investigate the TPD of recently developed optical pump-probe technique steady-state thermoreflectance (SSTR) and explore its capability for measuring the thermal properties of buried substrates. The conventional definition of the TPD does not truly represent the upper limit of how far beneath the surface SSTR can probe. For estimating the uncertainty of SSTR measurements of a buried substrate a priori, sensitivity calculations provide the best means. Thus, detailed sensitivity calculations are provided to guide future measurements. Due to the steady-state nature of SSTR, it can measure the thermal conductivity of buried substrates typically inaccessible by traditional pump-probe techniques, exemplified by measuring three control samples. We also discuss the required criteria for SSTR to isolate the thermal properties of a buried film. Our study establishes SSTR as a suitable technique for thermal characterizations of sub-surface buried substrates in typical device geometries.

Published
2021
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26. Anti‐inflammatory mechanisms in cancer research: Characterization of a distinct M2‐like macrophage model derived from the THP‐1 cell line

Author

Katharina M. Scheurlen, Dylan L. Snook, Andrew B. Littlefield, Joan B. George, Mary A. Parks, Robert J. Beal, Anne MacLeod, Daniel W. Riggs, Jeremy T. Gaskins, Julia Chariker, Eric C. Rouchka, and Susan Galandiuk

Subjects
colon cancer, colonic neoplasms, immunology, inflammation, RNA‐Seq, THP‐1 cells, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Abstract Aims Macrophages play an essential role in cancer development. Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) have predominantly M2‐like attributes that are associated with tumor progression and poor patient survival. Numerous methods have been reported for differentiating and polarizing macrophages in vitro, but there is no standardized and validated model for creating TAMs. Primary cells show varying cytokine responses depending on their origin and functional studies utilizing these cells may lack generalization and validity. A distinct cell line‐derived TAM‐like M2 subtype is required to investigate the mechanisms mediated by anti‐inflammatory TAMs in vitro. Our previous work demonstrated a standardized protocol for creating an M2 subtype derived from a human THP‐1 cell line. The cell expression profile, however, has not been validated. The aim of this study was to characterize and validate the TAM‐like M2 subtype macrophage created based on our protocol to introduce them as a standardized model for cancer research. Methods and results Using qRT‐PCR and ELISA, we demonstrated that proinflammatory, anti‐inflammatory, and tumor‐associated marker expression changed during THP‐1‐derived marcrophage development in vitro, mimicking a TAM‐related profile (e.g., TNFα, IL‐1β). The anti‐inflammatory marker IL‐8/CXCL8, however, is most highly expressed in young M0 macrophages. Flow cytometry showed increased expression of CD206 in the final TAM‐like M2 macrophage. Single‐cell RNA‐sequencing analysis of primary human monocytes and colon cancer tissue macrophages demonstrated that cell line‐derived M2 macrophages resembled a TAM‐related gene profile. Conclusions The THP‐1‐derived M2 macrophage based on a standardized cell line model represents a distinct anti‐inflammatory TAM‐like phenotype with an M2a subtype profile. This model may provide a basis for in vitro investigation of functional mechanisms in a variety of anti‐inflammatory settings, particularly colon cancer development.

Published
2023
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27. Interface controlled thermal properties of ultra-thin chalcogenide-based phase change memory devices

Author

Aryana, Kiumars, Gaskins, John T., Nag, Joyeeta, Stewart, Derek A., Bai, Zhaoqiang, Mukhopadhyay, Saikat, Read, John C., Olson, David H., Hoglund, Eric R., Howe, James M., Giri, Ashutosh, Grobis, Michael K., and Hopkins, Patrick E.

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Phase change memory (PCM) is a rapidly growing technology that not only offers advancements in storage-class memories but also enables in-memory data storage and processing towards overcoming the von Neumann bottleneck. In PCMs, the primary mechanism for data storage is thermal excitation. However, there is a limited body of research regarding the thermal properties of PCMs at length scales close to the memory cell dimension and, thus, the impact of interfaces on PCM operation is unknown. Our work presents a new paradigm to manage thermal transport in memory cells by manipulating the interfacial thermal resistance between the phase change unit and the electrodes without incorporating additional insulating layers. Experimental measurements show a substantial change in thermal boundary resistance as GST transitions from one crystallographic structure (cubic) to another (hexagonal) and as the thickness of tungsten contacts is reduced from five to two nanometers. Simulations reveal that interfacial resistance between the phase change unit and its adjacent layer can reduce the reset current for 20 and 120 nm diameter devices by up to ~40% and ~50%, respectively. The resultant phase-dependent and geometric effects on thermal boundary resistance dictate that the effective thermal conductivity of the phase change unit can be reduced by a factor of four, presenting a new opportunity to reduce operating currents in PCMs.

Published
2020
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29. Food, nutrition, and fertility: from soil to fork

Author

Maitin-Shepard, Melissa, Werner, Erika F, Feig, Larry A, Chavarro, Jorge E, Mumford, Sunni L, Wylie, Blair, Rando, Oliver J, Gaskins, Audrey J, Sakkas, Denny, Arora, Manish, Kudesia, Rashmi, Lujan, Marla E, Braun, Joseph, and Mozaffarian, Dariush

Published
2024
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31. Long-term Outcomes with Spinal versus General Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery: A Randomized Trial

Author

Vail, Emily A., Feng, Rui, Sieber, Frederick, Carson, Jeffrey L., Ellenberg, Susan S., Magaziner, Jay, Dillane, Derek, Marcantonio, Edward R., Sessler, Daniel I., Ayad, Sabry, Stone, Trevor, Papp, Steven, Donegan, Derek, Mehta, Samir, Schwenk, Eric S., Marshall, Mitchell, Jaffe, J. Douglas, Luke, Charles, Sharma, Balram, Azim, Syed, Hymes, Robert, Chin, Ki-Jinn, Sheppard, Richard, Perlman, Barry, Sappenfield, Joshua, Hauck, Ellen, Tierney, Ann, Horan, Annamarie D., Neuman, Mark D., Looke, Thomas, Bent, Sandra, Franco-Mora, Ariana, Hedrick, Pamela, Newbern, Matthew, Tadros, Rafik, Pealer, Karen, Vlassakov, Kamen, Buckley, Carolyn, Gavin, Lauren, Gorbatov, Svetlana, Gosnell, James, Steen, Talora, Vafai, Avery, Zeballos, Jose, Hruslinski, Jennifer, Cardenas, Louis, Berry, Ashley, Getchell, John, Quercetti, Nicholas, Hassan, Manal, Bajracharya, Gauasan, Billow, Damien, Bloomfield, Michael, Cuko, Evis, Elyaderani, Mehrun K., Hampton, Robert, Honar, Hooman, Khoshknabi, Dilara, Kim, Daniel, Krahe, David, Lew, Michael M., Maheshwer, Conjeevram B., Niazi, Azfar, Saha, Partha, Salih, Ahmed, de Swart, Robert J., Volio, Andrew, Bolkus, Kelly, DeAngelis, Matthew, Dodson, Gregory, Gerritsen, Jeffrey, McEniry, Brian, Mitrev, Ludmil, Kwofie, M. Kwesi, Belliveau, Anne, Bonazza, Flynn, Lloyd, Vera, Panek, Izabela, Dabiri, Jared, Chavez, Chris, Craig, Jason, Davidson, Todd, Dietrichs, Chad, Fleetwood, Cheryl, Foley, Mike, Getto, Chris, Hailes, Susie, Hermes, Sarah, Hooper, Andy, Koener, Greg, Kohls, Kate, Law, Leslie, Lipp, Adam, Losey, Allison, Nelson, William, Nieto, Mario, Rogers, Pam, Rutman, Steve, Scales, Garrett, Sebastian, Barbara, Stanciu, Tom, Lobel, Gregg, Giampiccolo, Michelle, Herman, Dara, Kaufman, Margit, Murphy, Bryan, Pau, Clara, Puzio, Thomas, Veselsky, Marlene, Apostle, Kelly, Boyer, Dory, Chen Fan, Brenda, Lee, Susan, Lemke, Mike, Merchant, Richard, Moola, Farhad, Payne, Kyrsten, Perey, Bertrand, Viskontas, Darius, Poler, Mark, D’Antonio, Patricia, O’Neill, Greg, Abdullah, Amer, Fish-Fuhrmann, Jamie, Giska, Mark, Fidkowski, Christina, Guthrie, Stuart Trent, Hakeos, William, Hayes, Lillian, Hoegler, Joseph, Nowak, Katherine, Beck, Jeffery, Cuff, Jaslynn, Gaski, Greg, Haaser, Sharon, Holzman, Michael, Malekzadeh, A. Stephen, Ramsey, Lolita, Schulman, Jeff, Schwartzbach, Cary, Azefor, Tangwan, Davani, Arman, Jaberi, Mahmood, Masear, Courtney, Haider, Syed Basit, Chungu, Carolyn, Ebrahimi, Ali, Fikry, Karim, Marcantonio, Andrew, Shelvan, Anitha, Sanders, David, Clarke, Collin, Lawendy, Abdel, Schwartz, Gary, Garg, Mohit, Kim, Joseph, Caruci, Juan, Commeh, Ekow, Cuevas, Randy, Cuff, Germaine, Franco, Lola, Furgiuele, David, Giuca, Matthew, Allman, Melissa, Barzideh, Omid, Cossaro, James, D’Arduini, Armando, Farhi, Anita, Gould, Jason, Kafel, John, Patel, Anuj, Peller, Abraham, Reshef, Hadas, Safur, Mohammed, Toscano, Fiore, Tedore, Tiffany, Akerman, Michael, Brumberger, Eric, Clark, Sunday, Friedlander, Rachel, Jegarl, Anita, Lane, Joseph, Lyden, John P., Mehta, Nili, Murrell, Matthew T., Painter, Nathan, Ricci, William, Sbrollini, Kaitlyn, Sharma, Rahul, Steel, Peter A.D., Steinkamp, Michele, Weinberg, Roniel, Stephenson Wellman, David, Nader, Antoun, Fitzgerald, Paul, Ritz, Michaela, Bryson, Greg, Craig, Alexandra, Farhat, Cassandra, Gammon, Braden, Gofton, Wade, Harris, Nicole, Lalonde, Karl, Liew, Allan, Meulenkamp, Bradley, Sonnenburg, Kendra, Wai, Eugene, Wilkin, Geoffrey, Troxell, Karen, Alderfer, Mary Ellen, Brannen, Jason, Cupitt, Christopher, Gerhart, Stacy, McLin, Renee, Sheidy, Julie, Yurick, Katherine, Chen, Fei, Dragert, Karen, Kiss, Geza, Malveaux, Halina, McCloskey, Deborah, Mellender, Scott, Mungekar, Sagar S., Noveck, Helaine, Sagebien, Carlos, Biby, Luat, McKelvy, Gail, Richards, Anna, Abola, Ramon, Ayala, Brittney, Halper, Darcy, Mavarez, Ana, Rizwan, Sabeen, Choi, Stephen, Awad, Imad, Flynn, Brendan, Henry, Patrick, Jenkinson, Richard, Kaustov, Lilia, Lappin, Elizabeth, McHardy, Paul, Singh, Amara, Donnelly, Joanne, Gonzalez, Meera, Haydel, Christopher, Livelsberger, Jon, Pazionis, Theresa, Slattery, Bridget, Vazquez-Trejo, Maritza, Baratta, Jaime, Cirullo, Michael, Deiling, Brittany, Deschamps, Laura, Glick, Michael, Katz, Daniel, Krieg, James, Lessin, Jennifer, Mojica, Jeffrey, Torjman, Marc, Jin, Rongyu, Salpeter, Mary Jane, Powell, Mark, Simmons, Jeffrey, Lawson, Prentiss, Kukreja, Promil, Graves, Shanna, Sturdivant, Adam, Bryant, Ayesha, Crump, Sandra Joyce, Verrier, Michelle, Green, James, Menon, Matthew, Applegate, Richard, Arias, Ana, Pineiro, Natasha, Uppington, Jeffrey, Wolinsky, Phillip, Gunnett, Amy, Hagen, Jennifer, Harris, Sara, Hollen, Kevin, Holloway, Brian, Horodyski, Mary Beth, Pogue, Trevor, Ramani, Ramachandran, Smith, Cameron, Woods, Anna, Warrick, Matthew, Flynn, Kelly, Mongan, Paul, Ranganath, Yatish, Fernholz, Sean, Ingersoll-Weng, Esperanza, Marian, Anil, Seering, Melinda, Sibenaller, Zita, Stout, Lori, Wagner, Allison, Walter, Alicia, Wong, Cynthia, Orwig, Denise, Goud, Maithri, Helker, Chris, Mezenghie, Lydia, Montgomery, Brittany, Preston, Peter, Schwartz, J. Sanford, Weber, Ramona, Fleisher, Lee A., Mehta, Samir, Stephens-Shields, Alisa J., Dinh, Cassandra, Schwartz, Aron, Chelly, Jacques E., Goel, Shiv, Goncz, Wende, Kawabe, Touichi, Khetarpal, Sharad, Monroe, Amy, Shick, Vladislav, Breidenstein, Max, Dominick, Timothy, Friend, Alexander, Mathews, Donald, Lennertz, Richard, Sanders, Robert, Akere, Helen, Balweg, Tyler, Bo, Amber, Doro, Christopher, Goodspeed, David, Lang, Gerald, Parker, Maggie, Rettammel, Amy, Roth, Mary, White, Marissa, Whiting, Paul, Allen, Brian F.S., Baker, Tracie, Craven, Debra, McEvoy, Matt, Turnbo, Teresa, Kates, Stephen, Morgan, Melanie, Willoughby, Teresa, Weigel, Wade, Auyong, David, Fox, Ellie, Welsh, Tina, Cusson, Bruce, Dobson, Sean, Edwards, Christopher, Harris, Lynette, Henshaw, Daryl, Johnson, Kathleen, McKinney, Glen, Miller, Scott, Reynolds, Jon, Segal, B. Scott, Turner, Jimmy, VanEenenaam, David, Weller, Robert, Lei, Jineli, Treggiari, Miriam, Akhtar, Shamsuddin, Blessing, Marcelle, Johnson, Chanel, Kampp, Michael, Kunze, Kimberly, OʼConnor, Mary, Gaskins, Lakisha J., Looke, Thomas, Tadros, Rafik, Vlassakov, Kamen, Cardenas, Louis, Hassan, Manal, Bolkus, Kelly, Mitrev, Ludmil, Kwofie, M. Kwesi, Dabiri, Jared, Lobel, Gregg, Poler, Mark, Giska, Mark, Sanders, David, Schwartz, Gary, Giuca, Matthew, Tedore, Tiffany, Nader, Antoun, Papp, Stephen, Bryson, Greg, Troxell, Karen, Kiss, Geza, Choi, Stephen, Powell, Mark, Applegate, Richard, Warrick, Matthew, Ranganath, Yatish, Elkassabany, Nabil, Chelly, Jacques E., Hoeft, Mark A., Lennertz, Richard, Sanders, Robert, Allen, Brian F.S., Kates, Stephen, Weigel, Wade, Li, Jinlei, Wijeysundera, Duminda N., Kheterpal, Sachin, Moore, Reneé H., Smith, Alexander K., Tosi, Laura L., Elkassabany, Nabil, Looke, Thomas, Menio, Diane, Mehta, Samir, Fleisher, Lee, Menio, Diane, Hruslinski, Jennifer, Ramsey, Lolita, Gaskins, Lakisha J., Langlois, Christine, Gaskins, Lakisha J., Mezenghie, Lydia, Montgomery, Brittany, Oduwole, Samuel, and Rose, Thomas

Published
2024
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32. The influence of fine particulate matter on the association between residential greenness and ovarian reserve.

Author

Hood, Robert, James, Peter, Fong, Kelvin, Mínguez-Alarcón, Lidia, Coull, Brent, Schwartz, Joel, Kloog, Itai, Laden, Francine, and Gaskins, Audrey

Subjects
Air pollution, Built environment, Fertility, Greenness, Ovarian aging, Adult, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Massachusetts, Ovarian Reserve, Particulate Matter
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Natural vegetation, or greenness, is thought to improve health through its ability to buffer and reduce harmful environmental exposures as well as relieve stress, promote physical activity, restore attention, and increase social cohesion. In concert, these effects could help mitigate the detrimental effects of air pollution on reproductive aging in women. METHODS: Our analysis included 565 women attending the Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center (2004-2014) who had a measured antral follicle count (AFC), a marker of ovarian reserve. We calculated peak residential greenness in the year prior to AFC using 250 m2 normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from the Terra and Aqua satellites operated by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Validated spatiotemporal models estimated daily residential exposure to particulate matter

Published
2021

33. The physical and mechanical properties of hafnium orthosilicate: experiments and first-principles calculations

Author

Ding, Zhidong, Ridley, Mackenzie, Deijkers, Jeroen, Liu, Naiming, Hoque, Md Shafkat Bin, Gaskins, John, Zebarjadi, Mona, Hopkins, Patrick, Wadley, Haydn, Opila, Elizabeth, and Esfarjani, Keivan

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Hafnium orthosilicate (HfSiO4: hafnon) has been proposed as an environmental barrier coating (EBC) material to protect silicon coated, silicon-based ceramic materials at high temperatures and as a candidate dielectric material in microelectronic devices. It can naturally form at the interface between silicon dioxide (SiO2) and hafnia (HfO2). When used in these applications, its coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) should match that of silicon and SiC composites to reduce the stored elastic strain energy, and thus risk of failure of these systems. The physical, mechanical, thermodynamic and thermal transport properties of hafnon have been investigated using a combination of both density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental assessments. The average linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) calculated using the quasi-harmonic approximation increase from 3.06 10-6 K-1 to 6.36 10-6 K-1, as the temperature increases from 300 to 1500 K, in agreement with both X-ray diffraction lattice parameter and dilatometry measurements. The predicted thermal conductivity from Boltzmann transport theory was approximately 18 W/m.K at 300K. Both hot disk and laser flash measurements gave a thermal conductivity of 13.3 W/m.K. This slightly lower value is indicative of residual disorder in the experimental samples that was absent in the theoretical analysis. First-principles calculations and nanoindentation techniques were used to assess the ambient temperature elastic constants and bulk modulus respectively. The elastic properties obtained by both approaches agreed to within 5% validating the computational approach and its future use for study of the thermomechanical properties of other oxides or silicates.

Published
2020

36. Enhanced Figure of Merit in Bismuth-Antimony Fine-Grained Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures

Author

Gao, Sheng, Gaskins, John, Hu, Xixiao, Tomko, Kathleen, Hopkins, Patrick, and Poon, S. Joseph

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Thermoelectric (TE) materials research plays a vital role in heat-to-electrical energy conversion and refrigeration applications. Bismuth-antimony (Bi-Sb) alloy is a promising material for thermoelectric cooling. Herein, a high figure of merit, ZT, near 0.6 at cryogenic temperatures (100-150K) has been achieved in melt-spun n-type Bi85Sb15 bulk samples consisting of micron-size grains. The achieved ZT is nearly 50 percents higher than polycrystalline averaged single crystal ZT of ~0.4, and it is also significantly higher than ZT of less than ~0.3 measured below 150K in Bi-Te alloys commonly used for cryogenic cooling applications. The improved thermoelectric properties can be attributed to the fine-grained microstructure achieved from rapid solidification, which not only significantly reduced the thermal conductivity but also mitigated a segregation effect. A record low thermal conductivity of ~1.5 W m-1 K-1 near 100 K was measured using the hot disk method. The thermoelectric properties for this intriguing semimetal-semiconductor alloy system were analyzed within a two-band effective mass model. The study revealed a gradual narrowing of the band gap at increasing temperature in Bi-Sb alloy for the first time. Magneto-thermoelectric effects of this Bi-Sb alloy further improved the TE properties, leading to ZT of about 0.7. The magneto-TE effect was further demonstrated in a combined NdFeB/BiSb/NdFeB system. The compactness of the BiSb-magnet system with high ZT enables the utilization of magneto-TE effect in thermoelectric cooling applications., Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures. To appear in Scientific Reports (October 17, 2019)

Published
2019

37. Technical Preprint: Rationale and Design of a Planned Observational Study to Evaluate the Impact of Hydrocodone Rescheduling on Opioid Prescribing After Surgery

Author

Neuman, Mark D., Hennessy, Sean, Small, Dylan, Brensinger, Colleen, Newcomb, Craig, Gaskins, Lakisha, Wijeysundera, Duminda, Bateman, Brian T., and Wunsch, Hannah

Subjects
Statistics - Applications
Abstract

In October 2014, the US Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) reclassified hydrocodone from Schedule III to Schedule II of the Controlled Substances Act, resulting in a prohibition on refills in the initial prescription. While this schedule change was associated with overall decreases in the rate of filled hydrocodone prescriptions and opioid dispensing, available studies conflict regarding its impact on acute opioid prescribing among surgical patients. Here, we present the rationale and design of a planned study to measure the effect of hydrocodone rescheduling using a difference-in-differences design that leverages anticipated variation in the relative impact of this policy on patients treated by surgeons that more or less frequently prescribed hydrocodone products versus other opioids prior to the schedule change. Additionally, we present findings from preliminary study conducted on a subset of our full planned sample to assess for potential differences in outcome trends over the 3 years prior to rescheduling among patients treated by surgeons who commonly prescribed hydrocodone versus those treated by surgeons who rarely prescribed hydrocodone., Comment: Updated version 6/12/2019: Figure 2 corrected

Published
2019

38. Bayesian Variable Selection for Multi-Outcome Models Through Shared Shrinkage

Author

Kundu, Debamita, Mitra, Riten, and Gaskins, Jeremy T.

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

Variable selection over a potentially large set of covariates in a linear model is quite popular. In the Bayesian context, common prior choices can lead to a posterior expectation of the regression coefficients that is a sparse (or nearly sparse) vector with a few non-zero components, those covariates that are most important. This article extends the global-local shrinkage idea to a scenario where one wishes to model multiple response variables simultaneously. Here, we have developed a variable selection method for a K-outcome model (multivariate regression) that identifies the most important covariates across all outcomes. The prior for all regression coefficients is a mean zero normal with coefficient-specific variance term that consists of a predictor-specific factor (shared local shrinkage parameter) and a model-specific factor (global shrinkage term) that differs in each model. The performance of our modeling approach is evaluated through simulation studies and a data example.

Published
2019

39. Design of the Building Research in CRC prevention (BRIDGE-CRC) trial: a 6-month, parallel group Mediterranean diet and weight loss randomized controlled lifestyle intervention targeting the bile acid-gut microbiome axis to reduce colorectal cancer risk among African American/Black adults with obesity

Author

McLeod, Andrew, Wolf, Patricia, Chapkin, Robert S., Davidson, Laurie A., Ivanov, Ivan, Berbaum, Michael, Williams, Lauren R., Gaskins, H. Rex, Ridlon, Jason, Sanchez-Flack, Jen, Blumstein, Lara, Schiffer, Linda, Hamm, Alyshia, Cares, Kate, Antonic, Mirjana, Bernabe, Beatriz Penalver, Fitzgibbon, Marian, and Tussing-Humphreys, Lisa

Published
2023
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41. Climate drives the geography of marine consumption by changing predator communities

Author

Whalen, Matthew A, Whippo, Ross DB, Stachowicz, John J, York, Paul H, Aiello, Erin, Alcoverro, Teresa, Altieri, Andrew H, Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro, Bertolini, Camilla, Bresch, Midoli, Bulleri, Fabio, Carnell, Paul E, Cimon, Stéphanie, Connolly, Rod M, Cusson, Mathieu, Diskin, Meredith S, D’Souza, Elrika, Flores, Augusto AV, Fodrie, F Joel, Galloway, Aaron WE, Gaskins, Leo C, Graham, Olivia J, Hanley, Torrance C, Henderson, Christopher J, Hereu, Clara M, Hessing-Lewis, Margot, Hovel, Kevin A, Hughes, Brent B, Hughes, A Randall, Hultgren, Kristin M, Jänes, Holger, Janiak, Dean S, Johnston, Lane N, Jorgensen, Pablo, Kelaher, Brendan P, Kruschel, Claudia, Lanham, Brendan S, Lee, Kun-Seop, Lefcheck, Jonathan S, Lozano-Álvarez, Enrique, Macreadie, Peter I, Monteith, Zachary L, O’Connor, Nessa E, Olds, Andrew D, O’Leary, Jennifer K, Patrick, Christopher J, Pino, Oscar, Poore, Alistair GB, Rasheed, Michael A, Raymond, Wendel W, Reiss, Katrin, Rhoades, O Kennedy, Robinson, Max T, Ross, Paige G, Rossi, Francesca, Schlacher, Thomas A, Seemann, Janina, Silliman, Brian R, Smee, Delbert L, Thiel, Martin, Unsworth, Richard KF, van Tussenbroek, Brigitta I, Vergés, Adriana, Yeager, Mallarie E, Yednock, Bree K, Ziegler, Shelby L, and Duffy, J Emmett

Subjects
Life Below Water, Climate Action, Alismatales, Animals, Biodiversity, Biomass, Climate, Female, Fisheries, Fishes, Food Chain, Geography, Global Warming, Humans, Male, latitudinal gradients, trophic processes, seagrass, biogeography, macroecology
Abstract

The global distribution of primary production and consumption by humans (fisheries) is well-documented, but we have no map linking the central ecological process of consumption within food webs to temperature and other ecological drivers. Using standardized assays that span 105° of latitude on four continents, we show that rates of bait consumption by generalist predators in shallow marine ecosystems are tightly linked to both temperature and the composition of consumer assemblages. Unexpectedly, rates of consumption peaked at midlatitudes (25 to 35°) in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres across both seagrass and unvegetated sediment habitats. This pattern contrasts with terrestrial systems, where biotic interactions reportedly weaken away from the equator, but it parallels an emerging pattern of a subtropical peak in marine biodiversity. The higher consumption at midlatitudes was closely related to the type of consumers present, which explained rates of consumption better than consumer density, biomass, species diversity, or habitat. Indeed, the apparent effect of temperature on consumption was mostly driven by temperature-associated turnover in consumer community composition. Our findings reinforce the key influence of climate warming on altered species composition and highlight its implications for the functioning of Earth's ecosystems.

Published
2020

42. Temporal increase in the incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma in Kentucky and factors associated with adverse outcomes

Author

Stephen J. O'brien, Jeremy T. Gaskins, C. Tyler Ellis, Brock A. Martin, Jaclyn Mcdowell, Dibson Dibe Gondim, and Susan Galandiuk

Subjects
anal squamous cell carcinoma, HPV, human papilloma virus, incidence, p16, overall survival, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Abstract Background Anal squamous cell cancer (ASCC) incidence in Kentucky is increasing at an alarming rate. In 2009, the incidence surpassed the US national average (2.66 vs. 1.77/100,000 people), and currently, Kentucky ranks second by state per capita. The reasons for this rise are unclear. We hypothesize individuals with ASCC in Kentucky have some unique risk factors associated with worse outcomes. Methods Individuals with ASCC in a population‐level state database (1995–2016), as well as those treated at two urban university‐affiliated tertiary care centers (2011–2018), were included and analyzed separately. We evaluated patient‐level factors including demographics, tobacco use, stage of disease, HIV‐status, and HPV‐type. We evaluated factors associated with treatment and survival using univariable and multivariable survival analyses. Results There were 1698 individuals in state data and 101 in urban center data. In the urban cohort, 77% of patients were ever‐smokers. Eighty‐four percent of patients had positive HPV testing, and 58% were positive for HPV 16. Seventy‐two percent of patients were positive for p16. Neither smoking, HPV, nor p16 status were associated with disease persistence, recurrence‐free survival, or overall survival (all p > 0.05). Poorly controlled HIV (CD4 count

Published
2023
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48. Engaging patients as partners in a multicentre trial of spinal versus general anaesthesia for older adults

Author

Looke, Thomas, Bent, Sandra, Franco-Mora, Ariana, Hedrick, Pamela, Newbern, Matthew, Tadros, Rafik, Pealer, Karen, Marcantonio, Edward, Vlassakov, Kamen, Buckley, Carolyn, Gorbatov, Svetlana, Gosnell, James, Steen, Talora, Vafai, Avery, Zeballos, Jose, Cardenas, Louis, Berry, Ashley, Getchell, John, Quercetti, Nicholas, Sessler, Daniel I., Ayad, Sabry, Hassan, Manal, Ali, Assad, Bajracharya, Gauasan, Billow, Damien, Bloomfield, Michael, Elliott, Kavita, Hampton, Robert, He, Linda, Honar, Hooman, Khoshknabi, Dilara, Kim, Daniel, Minko, Paul, Morris, Adam, Niazi, Azfar, Nutcharoen, Tara, Roberts, Jeffrey, Saha, Partha, Salih, Ahmed, Skolaris, Alexis, Stang, Taylor, Strimbu, Victor, Templeton, Jesse, Volio, Andrew, Wang, Jiayi, Bolkus, Kelly, DeAngelis, Matthew, Dodson, Gregory, Gerritsen, Jeffrey, McEniry, Brian, Mitrev, Ludmil, Kwofie, Kwesi, Bonazza, Flynn, Lloyd, Vera, Panek, Izabela, Dabiri, Jared, Chavez, Chris, Craig, Jason, Davidson, Todd, Dietrichs, Chad, Fleetwood, Cheryl, Foley, Mike, Getto, Chris, Hailes, Susie, Hermes, Sarah, Hooper, Andy, Koener, Greg, Kohls, Kate, Law, Leslie, Lipp, Adam, Losey, Allison, Nelson, William, Nieto, Mario, Rogers, Pam, Rutman, Steve, Scales, Garrett, Sebastian, Barbara, Stanciu, Tom, Lobel, Gregg, Giampiccolo, Michelle, Herman, Dara, Kaufman, Margit, Murphy, Bryan, Pau, Clara, Puzio, Thomas, Veselsky, Marlene, Stone, Trevor, Apostle, Kelly, Boyer, Dory, Fan, Brenda Chen, Lee, Susan, Lemke, Mike, Merchant, Richard, Moola, Farhad, Payne, Kyrsten, Perey, Bertrand, Viskontas, Darius, Poler, Mark, D'Antonio, Patricia, Sheppard, Richard, Abdullah, Amer, Fish-Fuhrmann, Jamie, Giska, Mark, Fidkowski, Christina, Guthrie, Trent, Hakeos, William, Hayes, Lillian, Hoegler, Joseph, Nowak, Katherine, Hymes, Robert, Beck, Jeffery, Cuff, Jaslynn, Gaski, Greg, Haaser, Sharon, Holzman, Michael, Malekzadeh, A. Stephen, Ramsey, Lolita, Schulman, Jeff, Schwartzbach, Cary, Sieber, Frederick, Azefor, Tangwan, Brown, Charles, Davani, Arman, Jaberi, Mahmood, Masear, Courtney, Sharma, Balram, Haider, Syed Basit, Chungu, Carolyn, Ebrahimi, Ali, Fikry, Karim, Gannon, Kerri, Marcantonio, Andrew, Pace, Meredith, Sanders, David, Clarke, Collin, Lawendy, Abdel, Schwartz, Gary, Garg, Mohit, Kim, Joseph, Marshall, Mitchell, Caurci, Juan, Commeh, Ekow, Cuevas, Randy, Cuff, Germaine, Franco, Lola, Furguiele, David, Giuca, Matthew, Allman, Melissa, Barzideh, Omid, Cossaro, James, D'Arduini, Armando, Farhi, Anita, Gould, Jason, Kafel, John, Patel, Anuj, Peller, Abraham, Reshef, Hadas, Safur, Mohammed, Toscano, Fiore, Tedore, Tiffany, Akerman, Michael, Brumberger, Eric, Clark, Sunday, Friedlander, Rachel, Jegarl, Anita, Lane, Joseph, Lyden, John P., Mehta, Nili, Murrell, Matthew T., Painter, Nathan, Ricci, William, Sbrollini, Kaitlyn, Sharma, Rahul, Steel, Peter A.D., Steinkamp, Michele, Weinberg, Roniel, Wellman, David Stephenson, Nader, Antoun, Fitzgerald, Paul, Ritz, Michaela, Papp, Steven, Bryson, Greg, Craig, Alexandra, Farhat, Cassandra, Gammon, Braden, Gofton, Wade, Harris, Nicole, Lalonde, Karl, Liew, Allan, Meulenkamp, Bradley, Sonnenburg, Kendra, Wai, Eugene, Wilkin, Geoffrey, Donegan, Derek, Dinh, Cassandra, Elkassabany, Nabil, Horan, Annamarie, Mehta, Samir, Troxell, Karen, Alderfer, Mary Ellen, Brannen, Jason, Cupitt, Christopher, Gerhart, Stacy, McLin, Renee, Sheidy, Julie, Yurick, Katherine, Carson, Jeffrey, Chen, Fei, Dragert, Karen, Kiss, Geza, Malveaux, Halina, McCloskey, Deborah, Mellender, Scott, Mungekar, Sagar S., Noveck, Helaine, Sagebien, Carlos, Perlman, Barry, Biby, Luat, McKelvy, Gail, Richards, Anna, Azim, Syed, Abola, Ramon, Ayala, Brittney, Halper, Darcy, Mavarez, Ana, Choi, Stephen, Awad, Imad, Flynn, Brendan, Henry, Patrick, Jenkinson, Richard, Kaustov, Lilia, Lappin, Elizabeth, McHardy, Paul, Singh, Amara, Hauck, Ellen, Donnelly, Joanne, Gonzalez, Meera, Haydel, Christopher, Livelsberger, Jon, Pazionis, Theresa, Slattery, Bridget, Vazquez-Trejo, Maritza, Schwenk, Eric, Baratta, Jaime, Deiling, Brittany, Deschamps, Laura, Glick, Michael, Katz, Daniel, Krieg, James, Lessin, Jennifer, Torjman, Marc, Chin, Ki Jinn, Jin, Rongyu, Salpeter, Mary Jane, Powell, Mark, Simmons, Jeffrey, Lawson, Prentiss, Kukreja, Promil, Graves, Shanna, Sturdivant, Adam, Bryant, Ayesha, Crump, Sandra Joyce, Dillane, Derek, Taylor, Michael, Verrier, Michelle, Applegate, Richard, Arias, Ana, Pineiro, Natasha, Uppington, Jeffrey, Wolinsky, Phillip, Sappenfield, Joshua, Gunnett, Amy, Hagen, Jennifer, Harris, Sara, Hollen, Kevin, Holloway, Brian, Horodyski, Mary Beth, Pogue, Trevor, Ramani, Ramachandran, Smith, Cameron, Woods, Anna, Warrick, Matthew, Flynn, Kelly, Mongan, Paul, Ranganath, Yatish, Fernholz, Sean, Ingersoll-Weng, Esperanza, Marian, Anil, Seering, Melinda, Sibenaller, Zita, Stout, Lori, Wagner, Allison, Walter, Alicia, Wong, Cynthia, Magaziner, Jay, Orwig, Denise, Brown, Trina, Dattilo, Jim, Ellenberg, Susan, Feng, Rui, Fleisher, Lee, Gaskins, Lakisha, Goud, Maithri, Helker, Chris, Mezenghie, Lydia, Montgomery, Brittany, Preston, Peter, Stephens, Alisa, Schwartz, J. Sanford, Tierney, Ann, Weber, Ramona, Chelly, Jacques, Goel, Shiv, Goncz, Wende, Kawabe, Touichi, Khetarpal, Sharad, King, Kevin, Kunkel, Frank, Luke, Charles, Monroe, Amy, Shick, Vladislav, Silipo, Anthony, Stehle, Caroline, Szabo, Katherine, Yennam, Sudhakar, Hoeft, Mark, Breidenstein, Max, Dominick, Timothy, Friend, Alexander, Mathews, Donald, Lennertz, Richard, Akere, Helen, Balweg, Tyler, Bo, Amber, Doro, Christopher, Goodspeed, David, Lang, Gerald, Parker, Maggie, Rettammel, Amy, Roth, Mary, Sanders, Robert, White, Marissa, Whiting, Paul, Allen, Brian, Baker, Tracie, Craven, Debra, McEvoy, Matt, Turnbo, Teresa, Kates, Stephen, Morgan, Melanie, Willoughby, Teresa, Weigel, Wade, Auyong, David, Fox, Ellie, Welsh, Tina, Jaffe, J. Douglas, Cusson, Bruce, Dobson, Sean, Edwards, Christopher, Harris, Lynette, Henshaw, Daryl, Johnson, Kathleen, McKinney, Glen, Miller, Scott, Reynolds, Jon, Turner, Jimmy, VanEenenaam, David, Weller, Robert, Akhtar, Shamsuddin, Blessing, Marcelle, Johnson, Chanel, Kampp, Michael, Kunze, Kimberly, Li, Jinlei, O'Connor, Mary, Treggiari, Miriam, Hruslinski, Jennifer, Menio, Diane A., Hymes, Robert A., Langlois, Christine, Gaskins, Lakisha J., and Neuman, Mark D.

Published
2021
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49. Metaphor production in the bilingual acquisition of English and Polish

Author

Dorota Gaskins and Gabriella Rundblad

Subjects
metaphor, production, bilingual, acquisition, English, Polish, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

Metaphor acquisition research has focused mostly on metaphor comprehension in monolingual children. Ours is the first study to examine metaphor production in young bilinguals. A quantitative method was employed whereby sixty-two children aged three to six, with English and Polish, were tested on their ability to produce primary (e.g., a long day) and perceptual resemblance metaphors (e.g., You’re my sunshine) in response to elicitation tasks. A univariate ANOVA revealed that the main factors to affect the production of conventional metaphors in bilingual children are their chronological age and their verbal skills in both English and Polish. No significant effect was found for nonverbal IQ, metaphor type, or testing language. These results are discussed in the context of both Conceptual Metaphor Theory, which has been concerned with the study of primary (and other conceptual) metaphors, and Structure Mapping Theory, which has focused on the use of perceptual resemblance metaphors. Usage-Based Theory is brought in to explain lexical effects in metaphor production.

Published
2023
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