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Comúnmente es normal escuchar que las empresas que quieren obtener resultados diferentes deben de actuar de manera diferente, adoptando nuevas y mejores prácticas que les permitan enfrentar las nuevas exigencias del mercado y alcanzar los objetivos trazados. Todo esto en cabeza de los líderes de las organizaciones, quienes junto con sus empleados deben de generar nuevas estrategias que les permitan tener una trasformación positiva hacia el desarrollo de nuevas competencias y mejora de sus procesos tanto internos como externos. Incluso si estos no se manejan de manera presencial y gracias a los avances tecnológicos se manejan de manera remota o a distancia. Introducción Tesis Conclusión Referencias bibliográficas It is common to hear that companies that want to obtain different results must act differently, adopting new and better practices that allow them to face the new demands of the market and achieve the objectives set. All this at the head of the leaders of the organizations, who together with their employees must generate new strategies that allow them to have a positive transformation towards the development of new skills and improvement of their internal and external processes. Even if these are not handled in person and thanks to technological advances they are handled remotely or remotely. Pregrado Il est courant d'entendre que les entreprises qui souhaitent obtenir des résultats différents doivent agir différemment, en adoptant de nouvelles et meilleures pratiques qui leur permettent de faire face aux nouvelles exigences du marché et d'atteindre les objectifs fixés. Tout cela à la tête des dirigeants des organisations, qui, avec leurs employés, doivent générer de nouvelles stratégies qui leur permettent d'avoir une transformation positive vers le développement de nouvelles compétences et l'amélioration de leurs processus internes et externes. Même si ceux-ci ne sont pas manipulés en personne et grâce aux avancées technologiques, ils sont manipulés à distance ou à distance.

The use of fossil fuels has been strongly related to critical problems currently affecting society, such as: global warming, global greenhouse effects and pollution. These problems have affected the homeostasis of living organisms worldwide at an alarming rate. Due to this, it is imperative to look for alternatives to the use of fossil fuels and one of the relevant substitutes are biofuels. There are different types of biofuels (categories and generations) that have been previously explored, but recently, the use of microalgae has been strongly considered for the production of biofuels since they present a series of advantages over other biofuel production sources: (a) they don’t need arable land to grow and therefore do not compete with food crops (like biofuels produced from corn, sugar cane and other plants) and; (b) they exhibit rapid biomass production containing high oil contents, at least 15 to 20 times higher than land based oleaginous crops. Hence, these unicellular photosynthetic microorganisms have received great attention from researches to use them in the large-scale production of biofuels. However, one disadvantage of using microalgae is the high economic cost due to the low-yields of lipid content in the microalgae biomass. Thus, development of different methods to enhance microalgae biomass, as well as lipid content in the microalgae cells, would lead to the development of a sustainable low-cost process to produce biofuels. Within the last 10 years, many studies have reported different methods and strategies to induce lipid production to obtain higher lipid accumulation in the biomass of microalgae cells; however, there is not a comprehensive review in the literature that highlights, compares and discusses these strategies. Here, we review these strategies which include modulating light intensity in cultures, controlling and varying CO2 levels and temperature, inducing nutrient starvation in the culture, the implementation of stress by incorporating heavy metal or inducing a high salinity condition, and the use of metabolic and genetic engineering techniques coupled with nanotechnology.

Oleanolic acid (1) is a pentacyclic triterpene present in olive pomace, which is known to induce apoptosis and to have anti-tumor properties; however, high concentrations of this product are necessary to produce cytotoxic effects. The 3-O-succinyl-28-O-benzyl oleanolate derivative (4) presents greater cytotoxicity and apoptosis effects than its natural precursor, oleanolic acid, or its benzyl derivative (2). This study examines the response of B16–F10 melanoma cells to treatment with compound 4, in comparison to 1 and 3. Our studies show that treatment with 4 results in a significant inhibition of cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and causes apoptotic cell death. At concentrations inhibiting cell growth by 50% and 80%, compound 4 induces strong G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest, around 72–95% apoptosis, and mitochondrial disturbances confirmed by FACS analysis, which probably involve the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic route. Morphological changes including cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and loss of nuclear architecture were also observed. In this report, we demonstrated for the first time that in melanoma cancer cells, compound 4 exerts a significant anti-proliferation effect by inducing the apoptotic process with mitochondrial depolarization. These findings support the role of compound 4 as a new, potential therapeutic tool against aberrant cell proliferation in melanoma., This study was supported by grants Group BIO 157 from the Technology and Innovation Council of the Andalucian regional government and AGL2006-12210-C03-02/ALI, SAF2005-01627, ISCIII-RTICC (RD06/0020/0046) from the Spanish government and European Union FEDER funds.