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1. Coccolithophore diversity and seasonal distribution in a coastal site of the Gulf of Trieste

Author

Young, JR, Gallagher, LT, Cerino, F, Malinverno, E, Fornasaro, D, Ingrosso, G, Giani, M, Cabrini, M, Ziveri, P, Ziveri, P., MALINVERNO, ELISA, Young, JR, Gallagher, LT, Cerino, F, Malinverno, E, Fornasaro, D, Ingrosso, G, Giani, M, Cabrini, M, Ziveri, P, Ziveri, P., and MALINVERNO, ELISA

Abstract

Recent studies on ocean acidification due to the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have provided evidence on a possible impact on coccolithophore calcification. In the framework of the MedSeA (Mediterranean Sea Acidification in a changing climate, EU-FP7) project, we collected data from May 2011 to February 2013 to deepen knowledge on coccolithophore associations at a coastal site in the Gulf of Trieste, for which a long-term time series of plankton data is available (C1-LTER 1986-present). The main aims of this study were to assess the contribution of coccolithophores to the phytoplankton community, also in relation with the available time series for the site, to identify the seasonal distribution of different species, to evaluate the relationships with high quality measurements of the carbonate system and other environmental parameters, and to compare the results of the coccolithophore analyses obtained by different methods (phase contrast versus polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Coccolithophores showed a high interannual variability and a typical seasonal pattern, with maxima in the autumn-winter and minima in summer. The seasonal pattern was mainly linked to [HCO3 -], which is the preferential form used by coccolithophores for calcification. During the analysed period, the coccolithophore community was characterized by species adapted to a variety of environmental conditions: in autumn-winter, Emiliania huxleyi dominated, followed by Acanthoica quattrospina, Syracosphaera pulchra and some minor species (only present in autumn, e.g. Ophiaster hydroideus, Calciopappus rigidus, Michaelsarsia adriaticus); in spring, the association was dominated by holococcolithophores and minor E. huxleyi; in summer, low overall abundances coincide with low E. huxleyi concentration and the dominance of small Syracosphaera species, Rhabdosphaera clavigera and holococcolithophores. The comparison between the total coccolithophore abundances obta

Published
2014

2. Coccolithophore diversity and seasonal distribution in a coastal site of the Gulf of Trieste

Author

Cerino, F, Fornasaro, D, Ingrosso, G, Giani, M, Cabrini, M, Ziveri, P., MALINVERNO, ELISA, Young, JR, Gallagher, LT, Cerino, F, Malinverno, E, Fornasaro, D, Ingrosso, G, Giani, M, Cabrini, M, and Ziveri, P

Subjects
GEO/01 - PALEONTOLOGIA E PALEOECOLOGIA, Coccolithophores, Gulf of Trieste
Abstract

Recent studies on ocean acidification due to the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have provided evidence on a possible impact on coccolithophore calcification. In the framework of the MedSeA (Mediterranean Sea Acidification in a changing climate, EU-FP7) project, we collected data from May 2011 to February 2013 to deepen knowledge on coccolithophore associations at a coastal site in the Gulf of Trieste, for which a long-term time series of plankton data is available (C1-LTER 1986-present). The main aims of this study were to assess the contribution of coccolithophores to the phytoplankton community, also in relation with the available time series for the site, to identify the seasonal distribution of different species, to evaluate the relationships with high quality measurements of the carbonate system and other environmental parameters, and to compare the results of the coccolithophore analyses obtained by different methods (phase contrast versus polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Coccolithophores showed a high interannual variability and a typical seasonal pattern, with maxima in the autumn-winter and minima in summer. The seasonal pattern was mainly linked to [HCO3 -], which is the preferential form used by coccolithophores for calcification. During the analysed period, the coccolithophore community was characterized by species adapted to a variety of environmental conditions: in autumn-winter, Emiliania huxleyi dominated, followed by Acanthoica quattrospina, Syracosphaera pulchra and some minor species (only present in autumn, e.g. Ophiaster hydroideus, Calciopappus rigidus, Michaelsarsia adriaticus); in spring, the association was dominated by holococcolithophores and minor E. huxleyi; in summer, low overall abundances coincide with low E. huxleyi concentration and the dominance of small Syracosphaera species, Rhabdosphaera clavigera and holococcolithophores. The comparison between the total coccolithophore abundances obtained by phase contrast microscope with the Utermöhl method and those obtained by polarized light microscope revealed good correspondence in winter and autumn, and less in spring. In fact, the polarized light microscope counting, coupled with scanning electron microscope observations on selected samples, allowed us to recognize species with very small and/or less calcified coccoliths, that would be probably lumped with other flagellates with the Utermöhl method, improving the assessment of coccolithophore species diversity and their contribution to the total phytoplankton.

Published
2014

3. Dysregulation of miRNA-mRNA expression in fetal growth restriction in a caloric restricted mouse model.

Author

Gallagher LT, Bardill J, Sucharov CC, Wright CJ, Karimpour-Fard A, Zarate M, Breckenfelder C, Liechty KW, and Derderian SC

Subjects
Pregnancy, Humans, Female, Animals, Mice, Fetal Growth Retardation genetics, Placenta, Disease Models, Animal, RNA, Messenger, Caloric Restriction, MicroRNAs genetics
Abstract

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with aberrant placentation and accounts for a significant proportion of perinatal deaths. microRNAs have been shown to be dysregulated in FGR. The purpose of this study was to determine microRNA-regulated molecular pathways altered using a caloric restricted mouse model of FGR. Pregnant mice were subjected to a 50% caloric restricted diet beginning at E9. At E18.5, RNA sequencing of placental tissue was performed to identify differences in gene expression between caloric restricted and control placentas. Significant differences in gene expression between caloric restricted and control placentas were observed in 228 of the 1546 (14.7%) microRNAs. Functional analysis of microRNA-mRNA interactions demonstrated enrichment of several biological pathways with oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy pathways upregulated and angiogenesis and signal transduction pathways downregulated. Ingenuity pathway analysis also suggested that ID1 signaling, a pathway integral for trophoblast differentiation, is also dysregulated in caloric restricted placentas. Thus, a maternal caloric restriction mouse model of FGR results in aberrant microRNA-regulated molecular pathways associated with angiogenesis, oxidative stress, signal transduction, apoptosis, and cell differentiation. As several of these pathways are dysregulated in human FGR, our findings suggest that this model may provide an excellent means to study placental microRNA derangements seen in FGR., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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4. Effects of microRNAs on angiogenesis in diabetic wounds.

Author

Lyttle BD, Vaughn AE, Bardill JR, Apte A, Gallagher LT, Zgheib C, and Liechty KW

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a morbid condition affecting a growing number of the world population, and approximately one third of diabetic patients are afflicted with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), which are chronic non-healing wounds that frequently progress to require amputation. The treatments currently used for DFU focus on reducing pressure on the wound, staving off infection, and maintaining a moist environment, but the impaired wound healing that occurs in diabetes is a constant obstacle that must be faced. Aberrant angiogenesis is a major contributor to poor wound healing in diabetes and surgical intervention is often necessary to establish peripheral blood flow necessary for healing wounds. Over recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the dysregulation of angiogenesis in multiple pathologies including diabetes. This review explores the pathways of angiogenesis that become dysregulated in diabetes, focusing on miRNAs that have been identified and the mechanisms by which they affect angiogenesis., Competing Interests: CZ was Chief Scientific Officer of Ceria Therapeutics. KL was President of Ceria Therapeutics. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Lyttle, Vaughn, Bardill, Apte, Gallagher, Zgheib and Liechty.)

Published
2023
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