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2. Aligning evidence generation and use across health, development, and environment

Author

Tallis, H., Kreis, K., Olander, L., Ringler, C., Ameyaw, D., Borsuk, M. E., Fletschner, D., Game, E., Gilligan, D. O., Jeuland, M., Kennedy, G., Masuda, Y. J., Mehta, S., Miller, N., Parker, M., Pollino, C., Rajaratnam, J., Wilkie, D., Zhang, W., Ahmed, S., Ajayi, O. C., Alderman, H., Arhonditsis, G., Azevedo, I., Badola, R., Bailis, R., Balvanera, P., Barbour, E., Bardini, M., Barton, D. N., Baumgartner, J., Benton, T. G., Bobrow, E., Bossio, D., Bostrom, A., Braimoh, A., Brondizio, E., Brown, J., Bryant, B. P., Calder, R. S., Chaplin-Kramer, B., Cullen, A., DeMello, N., Dickinson, K. L., Ebi, K. L., Eves, H. E., Fanzo, J., Ferraro, P. J., Fisher, B., Frongillo, E. A., Galford, G., Garrity, D., Gatere, L., Grieshop, A. P., Grigg, N. J., Groves, C., Gugerty, M. K., Hamm, M., Hou, X., Huang, C., Imhoff, M., Jack, D., Jones, A. D., Kelsey, R., Kothari, M., Kumar, R., Lachat, C., Larsen, A., Lawrence, M., DeClerck, F., Levin, P. S., Mabaya, E., Gibson, J. M. D., McDonald, R. I., Mace, G., Maertens, R., Mangale, D. I., Martino, R., Mason, S., Mehta, L., Meinzen-Dick, R., Merz, B., Msangi, S., Murray, G., Murray, K. A., Naude, C. E., Newlands, N. K., Nkonya, E., Peterman, A., Petruney, T., Possingham, H., Puri, J., Remans, R., Remlinger, L., Ricketts, T. H., Reta, B., Robinson, B. E., Roe, D., Rosenthal, J., Shen, G., Tallis, H., Kreis, K., Olander, L., Ringler, C., Ameyaw, D., Borsuk, M. E., Fletschner, D., Game, E., Gilligan, D. O., Jeuland, M., Kennedy, G., Masuda, Y. J., Mehta, S., Miller, N., Parker, M., Pollino, C., Rajaratnam, J., Wilkie, D., Zhang, W., Ahmed, S., Ajayi, O. C., Alderman, H., Arhonditsis, G., Azevedo, I., Badola, R., Bailis, R., Balvanera, P., Barbour, E., Bardini, M., Barton, D. N., Baumgartner, J., Benton, T. G., Bobrow, E., Bossio, D., Bostrom, A., Braimoh, A., Brondizio, E., Brown, J., Bryant, B. P., Calder, R. S., Chaplin-Kramer, B., Cullen, A., DeMello, N., Dickinson, K. L., Ebi, K. L., Eves, H. E., Fanzo, J., Ferraro, P. J., Fisher, B., Frongillo, E. A., Galford, G., Garrity, D., Gatere, L., Grieshop, A. P., Grigg, N. J., Groves, C., Gugerty, M. K., Hamm, M., Hou, X., Huang, C., Imhoff, M., Jack, D., Jones, A. D., Kelsey, R., Kothari, M., Kumar, R., Lachat, C., Larsen, A., Lawrence, M., DeClerck, F., Levin, P. S., Mabaya, E., Gibson, J. M. D., McDonald, R. I., Mace, G., Maertens, R., Mangale, D. I., Martino, R., Mason, S., Mehta, L., Meinzen-Dick, R., Merz, B., Msangi, S., Murray, G., Murray, K. A., Naude, C. E., Newlands, N. K., Nkonya, E., Peterman, A., Petruney, T., Possingham, H., Puri, J., Remans, R., Remlinger, L., Ricketts, T. H., Reta, B., Robinson, B. E., Roe, D., Rosenthal, J., and Shen, G.

Abstract

© 2019 The Authors Although health, development, and environment challenges are interconnected, evidence remains fractured across sectors due to methodological and conceptual differences in research and practice. Aligned methods are needed to support Sustainable Development Goal advances and similar agendas. The Bridge Collaborative, an emergent research-practice collaboration, presents principles and recommendations that help harmonize methods for evidence generation and use. Recommendations were generated in the context of designing and evaluating evidence of impact for interventions related to five global challenges (stabilizing the global climate, making food production sustainable, decreasing air pollution and respiratory disease, improving sanitation and water security, and solving hunger and malnutrition) and serve as a starting point for further iteration and testing in a broader set of contexts and disciplines. We adopted six principles and emphasize three methodological recommendations: (1) creation of compatible results chains, (2) consideration of all relevant types of evidence, and (3) evaluation of strength of evidence using a unified rubric. We provide detailed suggestions for how these recommendations can be applied in practice, streamlining efforts to apply multi-objective approaches and/or synthesize evidence in multidisciplinary or transdisciplinary teams. These recommendations advance the necessary process of reconciling existing evidence standards in health, development, and environment, and initiate a common basis for integrated evidence generation and use in research, practice, and policy design.

Published
2019

3. Mining drives extensive deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon

Author

Sonter, L., Herrera, D., Barrett, D., Galford, G., Moran, Chris, Soares-Filho, B., Sonter, L., Herrera, D., Barrett, D., Galford, G., Moran, Chris, and Soares-Filho, B.

Abstract

Mining poses significant and potentially underestimated risks to tropical forests worldwide. In Brazil's Amazon, mining drives deforestation far beyond operational lease boundaries, yet the full extent of these impacts is unknown and thus neglected in environmental licensing. Here we quantify mining-induced deforestation and investigate the aspects of mining operations, which most likely contribute. We find mining significantly increased Amazon forest loss up to 70 km beyond mining lease boundaries, causing 11,670 km 2 of deforestation between 2005 and 2015. This extent represents 9% of all Amazon forest loss during this time and 12 times more deforestation than occurred within mining leases alone. Pathways leading to such impacts include mining infrastructure establishment, urban expansion to support a growing workforce, and development of mineral commodity supply chains. Mining-induced deforestation is not unique to Brazil; to mitigate adverse impacts of mining and conserve tropical forests globally, environmental assessments and licensing must considered both on- and off-lease sources of deforestation.

Published
2017

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