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Power Quality (PQ) has become a significant issue in power networks. Power quality disturbances must be precisely and appropriately identified. This activity involves identifying, classifying, and mitigating power quality problems. A case study of the Awada industrial zone in Ethiopia is taken into consideration to show the practical applicability of the proposed work. It is found that the current harmonic distortion levels exceed the restrictions with a maximum percentage Total Harmonic Distortion of Current (THDI) value of up to 23.09%. The signal processing technique, i.e., Stockwell Transform (ST) is utilized for the identification of power quality issues, and it covers the most important and common power quality issues. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) method is used to categorize power quality issues, which enhances the classification procedure. The ST scored better in terms of accuracy than the Wavelet Transform (WT), Fourier Transform (FT), and Hilbert Transform (HT), obtaining 97.1%, as compared to 91.08%, 88.91%, and 86.8%, respectively. The maximum classification accuracy of SVM was 98.3%. To lower the current level of harmonic distortion in the industrial sector, a Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) is developed in the current control mode. To evaluate the performance of the D-STATCOM, the performance of the distribution network with and without D-STATCOM is simulated. The simulation results show that THDI is reduced to 4.36% when the suggested D-STATCOM is applied in the system.

The reproductive characteristics of crabs play an important role in their fisheries management. The blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus is one of the most commercially important crustaceans distributed along the Egyptian Coast; it has a great demand for their esteemed food. The spawning season of P. pelagicus was estimated based on three parameters: the monthly variation in both the maturity stages and in the gonado-somatic index (GSI) beside the histological examination of the ovarian structure. P. pelagicus was capable of continuous spawning throughout the year, where the mature stage was found to be distributed along the whole year indicating that crabs may be spawn at different times. P. pelagicus spawning mainly takes place twice, January-February (winter period) and June- August (summer period). As the monthly variation in GSI exhibit two distinct peaks in winter and summer. The mean size at which P. pelagicus became potentially reproductive (Lm50) was estimated to be 9.32 cm CW for males and 8.45 cm CW for females. To achieve the sustainable utilization, it is recommended to increase the minimum fishing size of this crab to at least 11.0 cm CW to protect the stock biomass and allow young individuals to reach the suitable marketable size.

Worldwide, the utilization of Renewable Energies (REs) for electricity generation is growing rapidly driven by the increasing fears of fossil fuels depletion, the price volatility of these fuels and the necessity of reducing the Green House Gas (GHG) emissions to preserve the environment. On the other hand, REs especially the Variable Renewable Energies (VREs) like wind and solar power suffer from intermittency in its output generation. This intermittency can introduce severe technical and economic problems for the power systems with high penetration from these energies. This intermittency should be mitigated not only during the system operation phase but also during power system planning phase. For this purpose, the classical power system planning methodologies and models should be upgraded to account for this intermittency in a way to find the optimum solutions to mitigate it. In this regard, this paper will focus on developing a new Generation Expansion Planning (GEP) model to find the optimum mix of dispatchable generation technologies that can allow the integration of VREs into the power system while mitigating the technical and economic impacts of its intermittency. In addition, a number of new concepts related to generation mix flexibility, VREs capacity credit and role of system operating reserve in integrating VREs will be revisited. Then, the developed GEP model will be applied to a case study handling the future expansion scenarios of VREs in the Egyptian grid. Results obtained show that, increasing the share of VREs in the grid will shift the mix of new generation capacities from the least cost and low flexibility options into more expensive and flexible generation options.

Chylothorax is the accumulation of chyle in the pleural cavity that typically contains a high concentration of triglycerides. Blunt chest trauma is a rare cause. The aim of this study is to review all of the reported cases of chylothorax caused by blunt chest trauma. Available databases were explored systematically for the condition and the eligible papers were included. The literature search revealed 30 studies with 39 cases, 72.3% of the cases were male, and 21.7% of the patients were female. The age range varied between 4 and 75 years with a mean age of 35.8 years. All of the patients were diagnosed after fluid sampling from the pleural fluid by thoracentesis and/or chest tube insertion. About 71.4% of the patients were treated successfully by conservative management: others (28.6%) were managed surgically. Although it is a rare condition, persistent milky drainage after blunt chest trauma should raise the suspicion of chylothorax. Pleural fluid sampling is the cornerstone of the diagnosis. In the majority of the cases, conservative treatment is quite enough. Surgery is indicated whenever non-operative measures failed.

We analyze the coupling between conduction and radiative heat transfer in near-field regime between two coaxial cylinders separated by a vacuum gap. By solving the heat transport equation in the steady-state regime between metals or polar materials we highlight a flux saturation mechanism for the radiative transfer even without non-local effect. In the case of polar materials this saturation occurs in the separation distances range of 1 to 10 nm which can be experimentally explored., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

This paper presents the economic analysis and optimal energy management of a grid-connected MG that comprises renewable energy resources and different battery storage technologies with different characteristics such as initial charge, depth of discharge, and the number of charging/discharging cycles to minimize the total operating cost of the system by maximizing the benefits of BSS, minimizing the investment and replacement cost of BSS, and minimizing the operation and maintenance cost of DGs. Several constraints are considered, such as the output power limits of the distributed generators, the limits of power imported from or exported to the grid, load balance, and other sets of battery storage constraints. The general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) is used to solve the deterministic optimization problem. Second, stochastic optimization is used to solve the deterministic problem with market price uncertainty. Third, robust optimization using the information gap decision theory is presented to model the electric load uncertainty. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed solution are explained by comparing the results obtained by GAMS to the results obtained by other optimization techniques presented in the literature.

Highlights • Hydatid disease is an infestation by Echinococci species in the endemic areas. • Liver and lungs are the main two affected organs. • Hydatid disease of thyroid is an extreme rare variant of the condition • In this report, the details of thyroid hydatid disease occurring in a middle age female with brief literature review, Introduction Although hydatid cysts can affect any organ in the body, reports regarding affection of thyroid gland are scanty in the literature. This report aims to present a case of thyroid hydatid disease with literature review. Case report A 48-year-old female presented with painless anterior neck mass of about 2 year duration. There was an ill-defined, central anterior neck mass, with a smooth surface and mobile with deglutition. Ultrasound of the thyroid gland revealed an enlarged left lobe of thyroid gland due to well defined thick wall cystic nodule. The patient underwent left thyroid lobectomy under general anesthesia, the pathology report revealed hydatid cyst of thyroid gland. Discussion Liver and lungs are often the end destination for hydatid cysts, while other places like mediastinum, diaphragm, cardiac, smooth and skeletal muscles, abdominal and chest walls are rarely involved. In this case, the cyst affected even a rarer organ which was the left lobe of thyroid gland. Most of the time the disease is asymptomatic and is found accidentally, yet depending on the site and size of the cysts, symptoms can occur. Conclusion Hydatid disease of thyroid gland is an extremely rare condition. The main presenting symptom is swelling. Operation under general anesthesia is the only modality of treatment.

Multiple methods have been proposed to prevent the incidence of hypotension in women undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of phenylephrine (50 μg.minWe included a total of 184 full-term pregnant women who were randomly divided into two groups: Group P included 92 cases who were commenced on phenylephrine infusion (50 μg.minDemographic data were not significantly different between the two groups. Maternal hypotension was significantly more encountered in the ondansetron group (51.6% vs. 22%) and ephedrine was used more significantly in that group (19.8% vs. 8.8%). In addition, nausea and skin flushing were more commonly encountered in the same group. The incidence of vomiting and patient discomfort was not significantly different between the two study groups.Phenylephrine is markedly superior to ondansetron in the prevention of maternal hypotension and vasopressor need during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.

Transformers are electrical devices used in practice to increase or decrease voltages. Transformers are of various sizes and used mainly in power distribution. To provide cooling and insulation, transformer oils are used together with cellulose that acts as a solid insulation. The most common type of transformer oil is mineral oil and is a product derived from the refining of crude oil. Its low cost and good compatibility with cellulose are two factors that have led to its predominant position as the common transformer oil. There are also synthetic ester based transformer oils, and following an increased interest in environmentally friendly products, transformer oils made from natural esters such as sunflower, soybean and rapeseed. Mineral oil is not biodegradable and is deemed as hazardous waste. The ester based oils are biodegradable and promoted as a more environmentally friendly alternative to mineral oil. In this thesis, the possibility of re-refining used mineral transformer oil is assessed from a financial perspective in the form of a business case and an LCA study has been done to compare the environmental impacts between ester based transformer oils and mineral based transformer oil. The results from the LCA study showed that from a cradle-to-gate perspective, mineral oil has a lower environmental impact than ester-based transformer oils. The re-refining of used mineral transformer oil further reduces the environmental impact. The results from the business case showed that a small scale re-refining facility is financially feasible but highly dependent on the supply and demand of used transformer oil. It is recommended to pursue further studies before making any decision. There is lack of data regarding the re-refining market in Eastern Europe and the accuracy of the LCA study can be further improved by having emissions data from re-refining used mineral transformer oil. Transformatorer är elektriska komponenter som tillämpas vid spänningsregleringar. Dessa transformatorer har olika storlekar och används i eldistribution. Transformatorolja tillsammans med cellulosa används som elektrisk isolering och kylning av transformatorer. Den vanligaste typen av transformatorolja är mineralolja och är en produkt som erhålls vid raffinering av råolja. Dess låga kostnad och goda kompatibilitet med cellulosa är två faktorer som har lett till dess dominerande ställning. Det finns också syntetisk esterbaserad transformatorolja och efter ett ökat intresse för miljövänliga produkter så tillverkas även transformatoroljor av naturliga estrar så som solros, soja och raps. Mineralolja är inte nedbrytbar och anses vara farligt avfall. De esterbaserade oljorna är nedbrytbara och anses vara ett mer miljövänligt alternativ till mineralolja. I denna rapport utvärderades möjligheten till att återraffinera använd mineralolja ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv i form av en affärsplan och en LCA-studie där esterbaserad olja och mineralolja har jämförts ur ett miljöperspektiv. Resultaten från LCA-studien visade att mineralolja från ett ”cradle-to-gate” perspektiv har en lägre miljöpåverkan än esterbaserade transformatoroljor. Återraffinering av använd mineralolja minskar dess miljöpåverkan ytterligare. Resultatet från affärsplanen visade att en småskalig återraffineringsanläggning är ekonomiskt hållbar men samtidigt väldigt beroende av utbud respektive efterfrågan på använd mineralolja. Det rekommenderas att göra en djupare analys innan man fattar ett beslut. Det finns brist på information med avseende på återraffineringsmarknaden i Östeuropa. Noggrannheten på LCA-studien kan förbättras ytterligare genom att emissionsdata från en återraffineringsanläggning är tillgänglig.

Bu çalışmada amaç; Kürtçe'nin önemli iki lehçesi arasındaki farklılıklarınyorumlanarak toplanmasıdır. Bilinen kadarıyla yukarı Kurmanci ile aşağı Kurmancilehçeleri Kürtçe'nin en zengin ve en yaygın lehçeleridir. Bu çalışmadejuri Yukarı veAşağı Kurmanci'deki Şahıs Zamirlerinin toplanması. Yukarı Kurmanci'ninterminolojisi kullanılarak her iki seviyenin kelime ve cümle yapısı yorumlanıp,analiz edilmiştir. Daha sonra da benzerlik ve farklılıkları belirtilmiştir. Şahıszamirleri her iki lehçelerde de ikiye ayrılır; bağımsız ve bitişik gelenler. YukarıKurmanci lehçesinde iki tür bağımsız, bir de bitişik tür vardır; ancak aşağı Kurmancilehçesinde bir tür bağımsız iki tür de bitişik zamir vardır.Bu çalışma; özet, önsöz, sonuç ve kaynakça olmak üzere toplam dörtbölümden oluşuyor. Bu bölümlerde derin bir şekilde her iki lehçelerdeki zamirlerintür ve özellikleri üzerinde durulmuştur.Bunun yanında şahıs zamirlerinin cümledizimindeki stil ve lehçelerdeki vazifeler bilimsel bir şekilde örneklenerek,belirttilmiştir. Aşağı The objective of this research is to analyze and compare two different greatdialects in Kurdish language. As it is known both dialects of Kurmanji, Zhuru andZeri are widely used in Kurdistan. This research is a comparative analysis ofpersonal pronouns in Zhuru and Zeri in both syntactical and Morphological levels.Using the terminological method, the personal pronouns are explained and analyzedin each dialect. And then the common and difference points in both dialects areillustrated. The personal pronouns in both dialects can be classified in two groups;first group is written independent in a sentence, and the second group is added to thewords (nouns, verbs) assuffixes in sentences. The personal pronouns of KurmanjiZhuruhave two independent groups and one added to the words (Nouns, Verbs) assuffixes in sentences but in Kurmanji-Zeri there's one independent group and twogroups added to the words as suffixesThis research includes abstract, introduction, four chapters, results, andresources. In each chapter we have precisely indicated the character and all kinds ofpersonal pronouns in both dialects, besides exposing the form and syntactic duties ofpersonal pronouns with examples 198

Copper ferrite nanomaterial CuFe2O4 as reusable heterogeneous initiator in the synthesis of α-aminonitriles. The nanocatalyst is easily recovered and its reusability is recorded. Synthesis of α-aminonitriles derivatives by one-pot reaction of different aldehydes with amines and trimethylsilyl cyanides has been developed using nano copper ferrite CuFe2O4 catalyst under room temperature and green solvent (water as solvent) conditions. α-aminonitriles are important in preparing a wide variety of amino acids, amides, diamines, and nitrogen containing heterocycles.

This paper describes an alternative and simple procedure for the synthesis of Ibuprofen using Silica-Supported Preyssler Nanoparticles (H14[NaP5W30O110]/SiO2) (SPNPs), as an eco-friendly, inexpensive, and efficient catalyst. High yields, simplicity of operation, and easy work-up procedure are some advantages of this protocol. Silica-Supported Preyssler Nanoparticles (H14[NaP5W30O110]/SiO2) (SPNPs) offer the advantages of a higher hydrolytic and thermal stability. The salient features of Preyssler’s anion are availability, nontoxicity and reusability. We believe this methodology can find usefulness in organic synthesis.

This paper describes an improved procedure and simple and green method for the efficient and facile synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones with excellent yields using inexpensive heteropolyacid catalyst in the presence of green solvent.