Search

At Curtin University of Technology, all final-year undergraduate surveying students must take a field-to-finish survey camp as part of their degree programme. This paper outlines the six exercises now set and their educational rationale, including a novel system where a production environment is replicated by setting penalties for late submission of assignments. In addition, some deliberate 'traps' are set to reinforce routine checks of their observations. The approaches and philosophies used here may be of use/interest to other field-surveying educators.

The first defence of the America's Cup outside of the USA took place off Fremantle, Western Australia, between October, 1986 and February, 1987. Fremantle Hospital, the nearest hospital to the marinas, was involved in the planning for disasters and for the provision of clinical services to the syndicates involved and the projected crowds of tourists and spectators. The impact of this unique sporting event on the hospital was measured by collecting data from all patients whose presence in Fremantle was related to the yachting. The America's Cup resulted in only 654 attendances and 31 admissions over the 5 months of the event. The figures fell far short of those predicted. A number of conclusions have been drawn.

Midazolam meleate, a water soluble 1,4 benzodiazepine, was used intravenously in 20 patients suffering seizures, of whom 12 were in status epilepticus. In all cases, midazolam in a dose of 2.5-15 mg rapidly terminated the seizure. There were no complications from the use of midazolam. The causes of the seizures were varied but alcohol-withdrawal seizures were the single largest cause. Thirteen patients were taking some form of anticonvulsant medication but only three were in the therapeutic range. Midazolam is seen to be an effective agent in the emergency treatment of seizures.

COMPOUNDS of sulphur, phosphorus, zinc and chlorine are added to lubricating oils to control wear under arduous conditions by forming films on rubbing surfaces. The films are extremely thin and frequently amorphous. Only rarely has it been possible to identify compounds present although electron probe microanalysis can show the distribution of elements. We here present new information, obtained from electron spectroscopic measurements, mainly concerning the binding energies of photoelectrons (ejected with AlKα X rays) the magnitudes of which are characteristic of particular atoms and electrons, and which may therefore be used for analytical purposes. We also made some observations of the kinetic energies of Auger electrons, which are also well defined and of analytical value. These energies depend on the charge on the atom, so that for states of combination of an element where the charges on the atoms are sufficiently different, valuable ‘chemical shifts’ are observed; sulphur is a favourable case with a shift of about 6 eV from sulphide to sulphate. Only electrons that escape without collision are of value, so the analysed depth was limited to a few tens of A, the region of interest in lubrication.