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1. International benchmark on numerical simulations for 1D, nonlinear site response (Prenolin): Verification phase based on canonical cases

Author

Régnier, J, Bonilla, LF, Bard, PY, Bertrand, E, Hollender, F, Kawase, H, Sicilia, D, Arduino, P, Amorosi, A, Asimaki, D, Boldini, D, Chen, L, Chiaradonna, A, Demartin, F, Ebrille, M, Elgamal, A, Falcone, G, Foerster, E, Foti, S, Garini, E, Gazetas, G, Gélis, C, Ghofrani, A, Giannakou, A, Gingery, JR, Glinsky, N, Harmon, J, Hashash, Y, Iai, S, Jeremić, B, Kramer, S, Kontoe, S, Kristek, J, Lanzo, G, Di Lernia, A, Lopez-Caballero, F, Marot, M, McAllister, G, Mercerat, ED, Moczo, P, Montoya-Noguera, S, Musgrove, M, Nieto-Ferro, A, Pagliaroli, A, Pisanò, F, Richterova, A, Sajana, S, Santisi D’avila, MP, Shi, J, Silvestri, F, Taiebat, M, Tropeano, G, Verrucci, L, and Watanabe, K

Subjects
Geochemistry & Geophysics, Geophysics, Civil Engineering
Abstract

PREdiction of NOn-LINear soil behavior (PRENOLIN) is an international benchmark aiming to test multiple numerical simulation codes that are capable of predicting nonlinear seismic site response with various constitutive models. One of the objectives of this project is the assessment of the uncertainties associated with nonlinear simulation of 1D site effects. A first verification phase (i.e., comparison between numerical codes on simple idealistic cases) will be followed by a validation phase, comparing the predictions of such numerical estimations with actual strongmotion recordings obtained at well-known sites. The benchmark presently involves 21 teams and 23 different computational codes. We present here the main results of the verification phase dealing with simple cases. Three different idealized soil profiles were tested over a wide range of shear strains with different input motions and different boundary conditions at the sediment/bedrock interface. A first iteration focusing on the elastic and viscoelastic cases was proved to be useful to ensure a common understanding and to identify numerical issues before pursuing the nonlinear modeling. Besides minor mistakes in the implementation of input parameters and output units, the initial discrepancies between the numerical results can be attributed to (1) different understanding of the expression “input motion” in different communities, and (2) different implementations of material damping and possible numerical energy dissipation. The second round of computations thus allowed a convergence of all teams to the Haskell–Thomson analytical solution in elastic and viscoelastic cases. For nonlinear computations, we investigate the epistemic uncertainties related only to wave propagation modeling using different nonlinear constitutive models. Such epistemic uncertainties are shown to increase with the strain level and to reach values around 0.2 (log10 scale) for a peak ground acceleration of 5 m=s2 at the base of the soil column, which may be reduced by almost 50% when the various constitutive models used the same shear strength and damping implementation.

Published
2016

2. Prenolin: International benchmark on 1D nonlinear: Site-response analysis—validation phase exercise

Author

Mecánica Aplicada, Régnier J., Bonilla L.-F., Bard P.-Y., Bertrand E., Hollender F., Kawase H., Sicilia D., Arduino P., Amorosi A., Asimaki D., Boldini D., Chen L., Chiaradonna A., Demartin F., Elgamal A., Falcone G., Foerster E., Foti S., Garini E., Gazetas G., Gélis C., Ghofrani A., Giannakou A., Gingery J., Glinsky N., Harmon J., Hashash Y., Iai S., Kramer S., Kontoe S., Kristek J., Lanzo G., Lernia A.D., Lopez-Caballero F., Marot M., McAllister G., Mercerat E.D., Moczo P., Montoya-Noguera S., Musgrove M., Nieto-Ferro A., Pagliaroli A., Passeri F., Richterova A., Sajana S., Santisi D’Avila M.P., Shi J., Silvestri F., Taiebat M., Tropeano G., Vandeputte D., Verrucci L., Mecánica Aplicada, Régnier J., Bonilla L.-F., Bard P.-Y., Bertrand E., Hollender F., Kawase H., Sicilia D., Arduino P., Amorosi A., Asimaki D., Boldini D., Chen L., Chiaradonna A., Demartin F., Elgamal A., Falcone G., Foerster E., Foti S., Garini E., Gazetas G., Gélis C., Ghofrani A., Giannakou A., Gingery J., Glinsky N., Harmon J., Hashash Y., Iai S., Kramer S., Kontoe S., Kristek J., Lanzo G., Lernia A.D., Lopez-Caballero F., Marot M., McAllister G., Mercerat E.D., Moczo P., Montoya-Noguera S., Musgrove M., Nieto-Ferro A., Pagliaroli A., Passeri F., Richterova A., Sajana S., Santisi D’Avila M.P., Shi J., Silvestri F., Taiebat M., Tropeano G., Vandeputte D., and Verrucci L.

Abstract

This article presents the main results of the validation phase of the PRENOLIN project. PRENOLIN is an international benchmark on 1D nonlinear (NL) site-response analysis. This project involved 19 teams with 23 different codes tested. It was divided into two phases; with the first phase verifying the numerical solution of these codes on idealized soil profiles using simple signals and real seismic records. The second phase described in this article referred to code validation for the analysis of real instrumented sites. This validation phase was performed on two sites (KSRH10 and Sendai) of the Japanese strong-motion networks KiK-net and Port and Airport Research Institute (PARI), respectively, with a pair of accelerometers at surface and depth. Extensive additional site characterizations were performed at both sites involving in situ and laboratory measurements of the soil properties. At each site, sets of input motions were selected to represent different peak ground acceleration (PGA) and frequency content. It was found that the code-to-code variability given by the standard deviation of the computed surface-response spectra is around 0.1 (in log10 scale) regardless of the site and input motions. This indicates a quite large influence of the numerical methods on site-effect assessment and more generally on seismic hazard. Besides, it was observed that sitespecific measurements are of primary importance for defining the input data in siteresponse analysis. The NL parameters obtained from the laboratory measurements should be compared with curves coming from the literature. Finally, the lessons learned from this exercise are synthesized, resulting also in a few recommendations for future benchmarking studies, and the use of 1D NL, total stress site-response analysis. © 2018, Seismological Society of America. All rights reserved.

Published
2021

4. Seismic hazard on the French Riviera : new data, interpretation and simulations

Author

Courboulex, F., Larroque, C., Deschamps, Anne, Kohrs-Sansorny, C., Gélis, C., Got, J.-L., Charreau, J., Stéphan, J.-F., Béthoux, N., Virieux, J., Brunel, D., Maron, C., Duval, A.-M., Perez, J.-L., Mondielli, P., Géoazur (GEOAZUR 6526), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ERA 6 Risque sismique (ERA 6 Risque sismique - Equipe recherche associée au LCPC), Avant création Cerema, Direction environnement urbanisme et construction, Principauté de Monaco, Principauté de Monaco, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, seismotectonics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], earthquake location, strong ground motion, fault tectonics, microseismicity, earthquake-source mechanism
Abstract

International audience; We present here a detailed analysis of a seismic data set recorded by a dense seismological network installed over 6 months in the southeast of France. This experiment was set-up at the boundary between the Ligurian basin and the southern subalpine thrust belt (the Nice arc), which is a complex tectonic region that undergoes low to moderate seismicity. We recorded more than 500 microearthquakes, among which 348 occurred exactly in the centre of the network during a very active seismic sequence that lasted mainly over 2 months. We performed an absolute location of all of the events and calculated the magnitudes. Then we applied a cross-correlation technique to gather similar events and to relocate relatively few of them. This method revealed a very clear alignment of 19 events in a direction N120° oblique to the N20° general trend of seismicity. Focal mechanisms were determined for the four largest events and composite solutions for 32 smaller ones. Both the alignments of the earthquakes and the focal solutions revealed that two oblique segments of the fault were activated during the crisis. The main segment (8 km long) that was oriented NNE with a left-lateral strike slip movement is called the Blausasc fault. Taking into account the tectonic evolution and the relationships between surface structures and the distribution of earthquakes, and through a paleaoreconstruction of the tectonic evolution, we propose that the Blausasc fault is the hidden root of the Peille-Laghet fault, which has a mapped length of at least 15 km. The smaller segment (0.6 km long) that was activated during the crisis could be interpreted as an antithetic Riedel fracture. The active Blausasc fault is located in a densely populated zone, at only 10 km from the crowded cities of Monaco and Nice. It is thus particularly interesting to analyse it for hazard assessment. In the last section, we present a simulation that is aimed at predicting what the ground motion in the city of Nice would be like if an earthquake of magnitude 5.7 occurs on this fault. For this, we used the recordings of the largest event of the seismic sequence (Ml= 3.2) and an empirical Green's function summation scheme to simulate the ground motion at two stations situated in urban environments. The values obtained show that especially on soft soil sites, the effects of such an earthquake would be considerable in the city of Nice.

Published
2007
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6. An Unknown active fault revealed by microseismicity in the South-East of France

Author

Courboulex, F., Larroque, C., Deschamps, Anne, Gélis, C., Charreau, J., Stéphan, J.-F., Géoazur (GEOAZUR 6526), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, n. 15, p. 1782, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003GL017171; International audience

Published
2003
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8. Seismic hazard on the French Riviera: observations, interpretations and simulations

Author

Courboulex, F., primary, Larroque, C., additional, Deschamps, A., additional, Kohrs-Sansorny, C., additional, Gélis, C., additional, Got, J. L., additional, Charreau, J., additional, Stéphan, J. F., additional, Béthoux, N., additional, Virieux, J., additional, Brunel, D., additional, Maron, C., additional, Duval, A. M., additional, Perez, J-L., additional, and Mondielli, P., additional

Published
2007
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10. International Benchmark on Numerical Simulations for 1D, Nonlinear Site Response (PRENOLIN): Verification Phase Based on Canonical Cases

Author

Gaetano Falcone, Fabrice Hollender, Alborz Ghofrani, Mahdi Taiebat, Michael Musgrove, Pierre-Yves Bard, Evangelia Garini, George Gazetas, Daniela Boldini, Luca Verrucci, Kohei Watanabe, Luis Fabian Bonilla, Aneta Richterova, Alex Nieto-Ferro, Peter Moczo, Annamaria di Lernia, Long Chen, Jian Shi, Boris Jeremić, Federico Pisanò, Stavroula Kontoe, Céline Gélis, Steve Kramer, James R. Gingery, Angelo Amorosi, Evelyne Foerster, Domniki Asimaki, Joseph Harmon, Julie Régnier, Sebastiano Foti, Jozef Kristek, Alessandro Pagliaroli, Giuseppe Tropeano, Anna Chiaradonna, Youssef M. A. Hashash, Silvana Montoya-Noguera, Maria Paola Santisi d'Avila, Francesco Silvestri, Susumu Iai, Florent Demartin, Nathalie Glinsky, Marco Ebrille, Fernando Lopez-Caballero, Suwal Sajana, Etienne Bertrand, Deborah Sicilia, Amalia Giannakou, Graeme McAllister, E. Diego Mercerat, Pedro Arduino, Hiroshi Kawase, Giuseppe Lanzo, Ahmed Elgamal, Marianne Marot, Régnier, Julie, Bonilla, Luis‐fabian, Bard, Pierre‐yve, Bertrand, Etienne, Hollender, Fabrice, Kawase, Hiroshi, Sicilia, Deborah, Arduino, Pedro, Amorosi, Angelo, Asimaki, Domniki, Boldini, Daniela, Chen, Long, Chiaradonna, Anna, Demartin, Florent, Ebrille, Marco, Elgamal, Ahmed, Falcone, Gaetano, Foerster, Evelyne, Foti, Sebastiano, Garini, Evangelia, Gazetas, George, Gélis, Céline, Ghofrani, Alborz, Giannakou, Amalia, Gingery, James R., Glinsky, Nathalie, Harmon, Joseph, Hashash, Youssef, Iai, Susumu, Jeremić, Bori, Kramer, Steve, Kontoe, Stavroula, Kristek, Jozef, Lanzo, Giuseppe, Lernia, Annamaria di, Lopez‐caballero, Fernando, Marot, Marianne, Mcallister, Graeme, Diego Mercerat, E., Moczo, Peter, Montoya‐noguera, Silvana, Musgrove, Michael, Nieto‐ferro, Alex, Pagliaroli, Alessandro, Pisanò, Federico, Richterova, Aneta, Sajana, Suwal, Santisi d'Avila, Maria Paola, Shi, Jian, Silvestri, Francesco, Taiebat, Mahdi, Tropeano, Giuseppe, Verrucci, Luca, Watanabe, Kohei, Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Equipe-projet MOUVGS (Cerema Equipe-projet MOUVGS), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), Séismes et Vibrations (IFSTTAR/GERS/SV), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Communauté Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), CEA Cadarache, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University [Kyoto], Département de sismologie (DS (UMR_7580)), IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Laboratoire de mécanique des sols, structures et matériaux (MSSMat), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec, Régnier, J., Bonilla, L.F., Bard, P.Y., Bertrand, E., Hollender, F., Kawase, H., Sicilia, D., Arduino, P., Amorosi, A., Asimaki, D., Boldini, D., Chen, L., Chiaradonna, A., Demartin, F., Ebrille, M., Elgamal, A., Falcone, G., Foerster, E., Foti, S., Garini, E., Gazetas, G., Gélis, C., Ghofrani, A., Giannakou, A., Gingery, J.R., Glinsky, N., Harmon, J., Hashash, Y., Iai, S., Jeremić, B., Kramer, S., Kontoe, S., Kristek, J., Lanzo, G., di Lernia, A., Lopez-Caballero, F., Marot, M., Mcallister, G., Mercerat, E.D., Moczo, P., Montoya-Noguera, S., Musgrove, M., Nieto-Ferro, A., Pagliaroli, A., Pisanò, F., Richterova, A., Sajana, S., Santisi d'Avila, M.P., Shi, J., Silvestri, F., Taiebat, M., Tropeano, G., Verrucci, L., Watanabe, K., Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kyoto University, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes de Mécanique Sismique (EMSI), Service d'Etudes Mécaniques et Thermiques (SEMT), Département de Modélisation des Systèmes et Structures (DM2S), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département de Modélisation des Systèmes et Structures (DM2S), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay

Subjects
Geochemistry & Geophysics, Peak ground acceleration, Earthquake, Wave propagation, Computation, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 0404 Geophysics, 02 engineering and technology, Seismic, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Civil Engineering, 01 natural sciences, 0905 Civil Engineering, Viscoelasticity, Ground response analysis, Geochemistry and Petrology, Applied mathematics, Boundary value problem, seismic response analysis, numerical modelling, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mathematics, Geophysics, Computer simulation, business.industry, [SPI.GCIV.GEOTECH]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Géotechnique, Structural engineering, Dissipation, Nonlinear system, geophysics, geochemistry and petrology, [SPI.GCIV.DV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, business
Abstract

© 2016 Seismological Society of America. All rights reserved. PREdiction of NOn-LINear soil behavior (PRENOLIN) is an international benchmark aiming to test multiple numerical simulation codes that are capable of predicting nonlinear seismic site response with various constitutive models. One of the objectives of this project is the assessment of the uncertainties associated with nonlinear simulation of 1D site effects. A first verification phase (i.e., comparison between numerical codes on simple idealistic cases) will be followed by a validation phase, comparing the predictions of such numerical estimations with actual strongmotion recordings obtained at well-known sites. The benchmark presently involves 21 teams and 23 different computational codes. We present here the main results of the verification phase dealing with simple cases. Three different idealized soil profiles were tested over a wide range of shear strains with different input motions and different boundary conditions at the sediment/bedrock interface. A first iteration focusing on the elastic and viscoelastic cases was proved to be useful to ensure a common understanding and to identify numerical issues before pursuing the nonlinear modeling. Besides minor mistakes in the implementation of input parameters and output units, the initial discrepancies between the numerical results can be attributed to (1) different understanding of the expression “input motion” in different communities, and (2) different implementations of material damping and possible numerical energy dissipation. The second round of computations thus allowed a convergence of all teams to the Haskell–Thomson analytical solution in elastic and viscoelastic cases. For nonlinear computations, we investigate the epistemic uncertainties related only to wave propagation modeling using different nonlinear constitutive models. Such epistemic uncertainties are shown to increase with the strain level and to reach values around 0.2 (log10scale) for a peak ground acceleration of 5 m=s2at the base of the soil column, which may be reduced by almost 50% when the various constitutive models used the same shear strength and damping implementation.

Published
2016
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