20 results on '"Fuhr M"'
Search Results
2. Study of the combined effect of temperature, pH and water activity on the radial growth rate of the white-rot basidiomycete Physisporinus vitreus by using a hyphal growth model
- Author
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Fuhr, M. J., Stührk, C., Schubert, M., Schwarze, F. W. M. R., and Herrmann, H. J.
- Subjects
Physics - Biological Physics ,Physics - Computational Physics ,Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution - Abstract
The present work investigates environmental effects on the growth of fungal colonies of P. vitreus by using a lattice-free discrete modelling approach called FGM (Fuhr et al. (2010), arXiv:1101.1747), in which hyphae and nutrients are considered as discrete structures. A discrete modelling approach allows studying the underlying mechanistic rule concerning the basic architecture and dynamic of fungal networks on the scale of a single colony. By comparing simulations of the FGM with laboratory experiments of growing fungal colonies on malt extract agar we show that combined effect of temperature, pH and water activity on the radial growth rate of a fungal colony on a macroscopic scale may be explained by a power law for the growth costs of hyphal expansion on a microscopic scale. The information about the response of the fungal mycelium on a microscopic scale to environmental conditions is essential to simulate its behavior in complex structure substrates such as wood, where the impact of the fungus to the wood (i.e. the degradation of bordered pits or the creation of bore holes and cavities) changes the local environmental condition, e.g. the permeability of the substrate and therefore the water activity level in a colonized wood cell lumen. A combination of diffusion and moisture processes into wood with the FGM may brighten the knowledge about the colonization strategy of P. vitreus and helps to optimize its growth behavior for biotechnological application such as bioincising.
- Published
- 2011
3. Automated Quantification of the Impact of the Wood-decay fungus Physisporinus vitreus on the Cell Wall Structure of Norway spruce by Tomographic Microscopy
- Author
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Fuhr, M. J., Stührk, C., Münch, B., Schwarze, F. W. M. R., and Schubert, M.
- Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods - Abstract
Wood-decay fungi decompose their substrate by extracellular, degradative enzymes and play an important role in natural ecosystems by recycling carbon and minerals fixed in plants. Thereby, they cause significant damage to the wood structure and limit the use of wood as building material. Besides their role as biodeteriorators wood-decay fungi can be used for biotechnological purposes, e.g. the white-rot fungus Physisporinus vitreus for improving the uptake of preservatives and wood-modification substances of refractory wood. Therefore, the visualization and the quantification of microscopic decay patterns are important for the study of the impact of wood-decay fungi in general, as well as for wood-decay fungi and microorganisms with possible applications in biotechnology. In the present work, we developed a method for the automated localization and quantification of microscopic cell wall elements (CWE) of Norway spruce wood such as bordered pits, intrinsic defects, hyphae or alterations induced by P. vitreus using high resolution X-ray computed tomographic microscopy. In addition to classical destructive wood anatomical methods such as light or laser scanning microscopy, our method allows for the first time to compute the properties (e.g. area, orientation and size-distribution) of CWE of the tracheids in a sample. This is essential for modeling the influence of microscopic CWE to macroscopic properties such as wood strength and permeability.
- Published
- 2011
4. Modelling the Hyphal Growth of the Wood-decay Fungus Physisporinus vitreus
- Author
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Fuhr, M. J., Schubert, M., Schwarze, F. W. M. R., and Herrmann, H. J.
- Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution ,Physics - Biological Physics ,Physics - Computational Physics - Abstract
The white-rot fungus, Physisporinus vitreus, degrades the membranes of bordered pits in tracheids and consequently increases the permeability of wood, which is a process that can be used by the wood industry to improve the uptake of wood preservatives and environmentally benign wood modification substances to enhance the use and sustainability of native conifer wood species. To understand and apply this process requires an understanding of how a complex system (fungus-wood) interacts under defined conditions. We present a three-dimensional fungal growth model (FGM) of the hyphal growth of P. vitreus in the heartwood of Norway spruce. The model considers hyphae and nutrients as discrete structures and links the microscopic interactions between fungus and wood (e.g. degradation rate and degree of opening of pits) with macroscopic system properties, such penetration depth of the fungus, biomass and distribution of destroyed pits in early- and latewood. Simulations were compared with experimental data. The growth of P. vitreus is characterized by a stepwise capture of the substrate and the effect of this on wood according to different model parameters is discussed., Comment: 11 figures, 1 table
- Published
- 2011
5. PSDR4 OUIGEF - Outils innovants pour une gestion concertée des forêts. Innovations Agronomiques 86, 319-329
- Author
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Fuhr, M., Becquey, J., Berger, F., Bock, J., Bourhis, F., Dubus, N., Emsellem, K., Monnet, J.-M., Munoz, A., Paccard, P., Peyrache-Gadeau, V., Riond, C., and Tivadar, M.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Forêts de montagne et changement climatique : impacts et adaptations
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Labonne, S., Cordonnier, T., Kunstler, Georges, Fuhr, M., Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
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forests ,climatic change ,FORET ,AMENAGEMENT DU TERRITOIRE ,land use planning ,mountains ,adaptation ,mountain forest ,FORET DE MONTAGNE ,environmental impact ,CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,MONTAGNE ,IMPACT SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT - Abstract
This review identifies the main impacts of climate change on mountain forests, mainly in Europe, and the management practices proposed for forest adaption. The rise in temperatures, more frequent droughts and the multiplication of extreme events should lead, especially below 1000m in altitude, to the disappearance of highly drought-intolerant tree species (spruce, Scots pine) and their replacement by deciduous trees. In addition, recruitment of some species (fir, beech) is observed at higher altitudes and the duration of the growing season is increasing. Management recommendations for forest adaptation to climate change focus on reducing tree species' vulnerability to water stress and pests, as well as increasing their resilience and ability to respond to extreme weather events. They require genetic improvements and practices that encourage the establishment of suitable species, reduce water consumption and reduce the exposure of stands to risk.; Cette étude bibliographique recense les principaux impacts du changement climatique sur les forêts de montagne, principalement européennes, ainsi que les pratiques de gestion proposées pour adapter les forêts à ces changements. La hausse des températures, les sécheresses plus fréquentes et la multiplication des évènements extrêmes devraient entrainer, surtout en-deçà de 1000m d'altitude, une réduction des essences les moins tolérantes à la sécheresse (épicéa, pin sylvestre) et leur remplacement par des feuillus. D'ores et déjà, le recrutement de certaines essences (sapin, hêtre) est observé à des altitudes plus élevées et la durée de la saison de végétation augmente. Les préconisations de gestion pour l'adaptation des forêts au changement climatique s'attachent à réduire la vulnérabilité des essences au stress hydrique et aux parasites, ainsi qu'à renforcer leur résilience et leur capacité de réponse aux évènements climatiques extrêmes. Elles passent par des améliorations génétiques et des pratiques qui favorisent l'installation d'espèces adaptées, réduisent la consommation d'eau et l'exposition des peuplements aux risques.
- Published
- 2018
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- View/download PDF
7. Automated quantification of the impact of the wood-decay fungus Physisporinus vitreus on the cell wall structure of Norway spruce by tomographic microscopy
- Author
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Fuhr, M., Stührk, C., Münch, B., Schwarze, F., Schubert, M., Fuhr, M., Stührk, C., Münch, B., Schwarze, F., and Schubert, M.
- Abstract
The visualization and the quantification of microscopic decay patterns are important for the study of the impact of wood-decay fungi in general, as well as for wood-decay fungi and microorganisms with possible applications in biotechnology. In the present work, a method was developed for the automated localization and quantification of microscopic cell wall elements (CWE) of Norway spruce wood such as bordered pits, intrinsic defects, hyphae or alterations induced by white-rot fungus Physisporinus vitreus using high-resolution X-ray computed tomographic microscopy. In addition to classical destructive wood anatomical methods such as light or laser scanning microscopy, this method allows for the first time to compute the properties (e.g., area, orientation and size distribution) of CWE of the tracheids in a sample. This is essential for modeling the influence of microscopic CWE on macroscopic properties such as wood strength and permeability
- Published
- 2018
8. Modéliser et quantifier les services écosystémiques forestiers à l'échelle des petits territoires
- Author
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Cordonnier, T., Berger, F., Chauvin, C., Courbaud, B., Fuhr, M., Tenerelli, P., Lafond, V., Luque, S., Mao, Z., Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Department of Environmental Sciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
- Subjects
forests ,modelling ,FORET ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,SERVICE ECOSYSTEMIQUE ,territory ,cartography ,MODELISATION ,CARTOGRAPHIE ,TERRITOIRE ,ecosystem service - Abstract
[Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SEDYVIN; With 16.5 million hectares, the forest plays a major role in France, providing many provisioning, regulating and cultural ecosystem services. The evaluation of these ecosystem services and their evolution under various socio-economic scenarios represents a major challenge for scientists and decision makers, especially at small region scales for which national data or indicators cannot be used. In recent years significant progress has been made towards a better evaluation of ecosystem services. These advances are usually based on the joint use of databases, remote sensing tools and forest dynamics models applied at different scales. In this article, we discuss the advantages and limitations of these approaches using three examples dealing with the Isère French department. These examples highlight some technical and scientific issues to be overcome in the future. A possible way of progress in the short term seems to lie in the construction of a processing chain that explicitly couples the acquisition of remote sensing data, the initialization of simulations using forest dynamics models and the evaluation ecosystem services by adapted linker functions.; La forêt occupe près de 30 % du territoire français et fournit de nombreux services de production, de régulation et culturels. L'évaluation de ces services écosystémiques et de leurs évolutions sous différents scénarios socio-économiques pose des défis majeurs pour les scientifiques et les décideurs, qui plus est à l'échelle des petits territoires pour lesquels les données ou indicateurs élaborés à l'échelle nationale ne sont guère transposables. Des progrès importants ont été réalisés ces dernières années pour favoriser une meilleure évaluation de certains services. Ces progrès reposent le plus souvent sur l'utilisation conjointe de bases de données, d'outils de télédétection et de modèles démographiques appliqués à différentes échelles. Dans cet article, nous discutons des intérêts et limites de quelque unes de ces approches en prenant des exemples concernant des territoires de l'Isère. Ces exemples permettent de mettre en exergue certains verrous techniques et scientifiques. Une voie de progrès possible à court terme nous semble résider dans la construction d'une chaine de traitement qui articule l'acquisition de données de télédétection, l'initialisation de modèles de dynamique forestière et l'évaluation de la production de services par des fonctions de lien pertinentes.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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9. Large gaps dynamics in the mountain forests of the french Alps
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Fuhr, M., Weyant, J., Durand, N., Riond, C., Irstea Publications, Migration, Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Office National des Forêts (ONF)
- Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,ALPES DU NORD - Abstract
National audience; Le projet dynamique des grandes trouées en forêt de montagne (Alpes du Nord) a rétrospectivement reconstitué la cicatrisation d’ouvertures anciennes, d’origine naturelle ou sylvicole, pour les principaux types de peuplement des Alpes du Nord. Aux étages montagnard et haut montagnard, dans des contextes stationnels non contraignants, il faut 20 à 25 ans pour refermer une trouée sans régénération pré-existante. Le peuplement est alors dominé par les bas perchis (entre 5 et 10 cm de diamètre) qui atteignent une densité de l’ordre de 1000 à 1500 tiges.ha-1. A 30 ans, le peuplement est dominé par les haut perchis (entre 10 et 15 cm de diamètre) qui atteignent une densité de l’ordre de 600 à 800 tiges.ha-1. Au cours de ces 30 premières années, dans le secteur externe, les stades de développement les plus avancés (perchis) sont cependant essentiellement constitués d’essences pionnières (bouleau, saule,…) et de sorbier. Le remplacement par les essences résineuses (épicéa, sapin) se dessine dans les stades de développement moins avancés (régénération) et, vers 30 ans, la hauteur des essences résineuses rejoint voire dépasse celle des essences pionnières et du sorbier. La fermeture du couvert est beaucoup plus lente : •à l’étage subalpin. Si elle ne s’appuie pas sur une tâche de régénération pré-existante, il faut plus de 50 ans pour qu’une trouée se referme. La concurrence des essences pionnières est aussi très importante dans le secteur externe, •dans les contextes stationnels contraignants, en particulier sur sols secs superficiels où le GSM préconise de ne pas ouvrir de trouées (hêtraies-sapinières sèches, 5.3, sapinières-pessières peu humides, 6.4). Des observations similaires ont été faites dans des contextes très humides (mégaphorbiaies), en dehors de l’étude. •dans les trouées les plus grandes (de l’ordre d’une dizaine d’hectares), probablement en raison de l’éloignement des semenciers. Par contre, dans une gamme de taille de trouées s’étalant de 0,2 ha à 2 voire 3 ha, on ne note pas d’effet notable de la taille de la trouée sur la vitesse de fermeture du couvert. Les travaux du sol (crochetage en plein ou localisé) accélèrent considérablement la fermeture du couvert.
- Published
- 2015
10. Properties of drawn W wire used as high performance fibre in tungsten fibre-reinforced tungsten composite
- Author
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Riesch, J, primary, Almanstötter, J, additional, Coenen, J W, additional, Fuhr, M, additional, Gietl, H, additional, Han, Y, additional, Höschen, T., additional, Linsmeier, Ch, additional, Travitzky, N, additional, Zhao, P, additional, and Neu, R, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Automated Quantification of the Impact of the Wood-decay fungus Physisporinus vitreus on the Cell Wall Structure of Norway spruce by Tomographic Microscopy
- Author
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Fuhr, M., Stührk, C., Münch, B., Schwarze, F., and Schubert, M.
- Subjects
FOS: Biological sciences ,fungi ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,complex mixtures ,Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods ,Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM) - Abstract
Wood Science and Technology, 46 (4), ISSN:0043-7719, ISSN:1432-5225
- Published
- 2011
12. Gestion multifonctionnelle des forêts de montagne, quels compromis entre les fonctions de protection et conservation ?
- Author
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Fuhr, M., Clouet, N., Cordonnier, T., Berger, F., Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
- Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350 ,RISQUE NATUREL ,13. Climate action ,BIODIVERSITE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,15. Life on land ,FORET DE MONTAGNE ,FORET DE PROTECTION DE MONTAGNE ,lcsh:TD1-1066 ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Les forêts de montagne sont reconnues pour leur multifonctionnalité et en particulier pour leurs fonctions de conservation de la biodiversité et de protection contre les chutes de blocs. Nombre d'entre elles s'inscrivent dans un processus de succession secondaire dans lequel on peut distinguer plusieurs stades aux structures diamétriques bien différenciées. Ces structures diamétriques influencent les deux fonctions de conservation et de protection. Les stades avancés de la succession, caractéristiques de la forêt dite mature, sont les stades les plus intéressants pour la conservation : le stade vieillissement, encore dominé par la cohorte initiale, en raison des dimensions atteintes par les arbres, les stades ultérieurs, stade renouvellement et stade jardiné, en raison de l'hétérogénéité des dimensions des arbres. Les stades les plus efficaces pour protéger contre les chutes de blocs sont les stades les plus denses, c'est-à-dire le stade initial de la succession et le stade jardiné. Dans certains contextes de la forêt de montagne, le stade jardiné, qui optimise les deux fonctions, est difficile à pérenniser pour le gestionnaire. En conséquence, lorsque la fonction de protection est déterminante, il est recommandé d'anticiper le renouvellement des peuplements en créant des ouvertures suffisantes pour réinitialiser la succession (de 0,1 à 0,5 ha) et en organisant la répartition spatiale et temporelle de ces ouvertures à l'échelle d'un versant boisé, de manière à créer une mosaïque pérenne de bouquets aux stades installation, auto-éclaircie et vieillissement. Dans cette mosaïque, les stades tardifs de la succession, les plus intéressants pour la biodiversité, sont souvent sous-représentés. La mise en place d'îlots de vieux arbres, judicieusement localisés, permet de compenser cette sous-représentativité. / Mountain forests are multifunctional forests that play a key role both on biodiversity conservation and rockfall protection. Most of these forests are under a process of secondary succession, where we can distinguish several stages with well differentiated diametric structures. These diametric structures strongly influence the two functions of biodiversity conservation and rockfall protection. The advanced stages of succession, representing mature forest, are the most important stages for conservation. The first one, so-called ageing stage and still dominated by the initial cohort, contains numerous very large dominant trees. The two following ones, so-called renewal and irregular stages, are very heterogeneous in terms of tree dimensions. The most effective stages to protect from rockfalls are the densest stages, i.e. the first stage of the succession, so-called initial stage, and the irregular stage. In certain mountain forest contexts, the irregular stage which optimizes the two functions is difficult to perennialize for forest managers. Consequently, when the function of protection is a priority, it is recommended to anticipate the renewal of the stands by creating openings large enough to promote a new succession (from 0.1 to 0.5 ha). Forest management then organizes the spatial and temporal distribution of these openings on a forested slope and aims at creating a perennial mosaic of small groups of trees at initial, intermediate (self-thinning) and ageing stages. The latest stages of the succession, the most interesting in terms of biodiversity, are often under-represented within this forest mosaic. The installation of small islands of sensible located old growth stands makes it possible to compensate for this under-representativeness.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Le temps de l'environnement
- Author
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Schwartz, Dominique, Vincens, A., Elenga, H., Alexandre, A., Bertaux, Jacques, Servant, Michel, Servant, Simone, Nguetsop, F., Bonvallot, Jacques, Guillet, B., Mariotti, A., Namur, Christian de, Reynaud-Farrera, I., Youta Happi, J., Delègue, M.A., Fuhr, M., Barrué-Pastor, M. (ed.), and Bertrand, G. (ed.)
- Subjects
VARIATION SECULAIRE ,FORET ,COUVERT VEGETAL ,PALEOCLIMAT ,CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE ,HOLOCENE ,DYNAMIQUE DE VEGETATION ,SEDIMENTATION LACUSTRE ,SAVANE - Published
- 2000
14. Automated quantification of the impact of the wood-decay fungus Physisporinus vitreus on the cell wall structure of Norway spruce by tomographic microscopy
- Author
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Fuhr, M., Stührk, C., Münch, B., Schwarze, F., Schubert, M., Fuhr, M., Stührk, C., Münch, B., Schwarze, F., and Schubert, M.
- Abstract
The visualization and the quantification of microscopic decay patterns are important for the study of the impact of wood-decay fungi in general, as well as for wood-decay fungi and microorganisms with possible applications in biotechnology. In the present work, a method was developed for the automated localization and quantification of microscopic cell wall elements (CWE) of Norway spruce wood such as bordered pits, intrinsic defects, hyphae or alterations induced by white-rot fungus Physisporinus vitreus using high-resolution X-ray computed tomographic microscopy. In addition to classical destructive wood anatomical methods such as light or laser scanning microscopy, this method allows for the first time to compute the properties (e.g., area, orientation and size distribution) of CWE of the tracheids in a sample. This is essential for modeling the influence of microscopic CWE on macroscopic properties such as wood strength and permeability
15. Environmental assessment in international law: the 'impact' of the espoo convention, the SEA protocol and others
- Author
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De Mulder, Jan, Ormond, T, Fuhr, M, and Barth, R
- Subjects
Law and Political Science - Published
- 2006
16. Assessing the potential of remote sensing-based models to predict old-growth forests on large spatiotemporal scales.
- Author
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Lalechère E, Monnet JM, Breen J, and Fuhr M
- Subjects
- Remote Sensing Technology, Retrospective Studies, Ecosystem, Biological Phenomena
- Abstract
Old-growth forests provide a broad range of ecosystem services. However, due to poor knowledge of their spatiotemporal distribution, implementing conservation and restoration strategies is challenging. The goal of this study is to compare the predictive ability of socioecological factors and different sources of remotely sensed data that determine the spatiotemporal scales at which forest maturity attributes can be predicted. We evaluated various remotely sensed data that cover a broad range of spatial (from local to global) and temporal (from current to decades) extents, from Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS), aerial multispectral and stereo-imagery, Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and Landsat data. Using random forests, remotely sensed data were related to a forest maturity index available in 688 forest plots across four ranges of the French Alps. Each model also includes socioecological predictors related to topography, socioeconomy, pedology and climatology. We found that the different remotely sensed data provide information on the main forest structural characteristics as defined by ALS, except for Landsat, which has a too coarse resolution, and Sentinel-1, which responds differently to vegetation structure. The predictions were quite similar considering aerial remotely sensed data, on the one hand, and satellite remotely sensed data, on the other hand. Socioecological variables are the most important predictors compared to the remote sensing metrics. In conclusion, our results indicate that a wide range of remotely sensed data can be used to study old-growth forests beyond the use of ALS and despite different abilities to predict forest structure. Accounting for socioecological predictors is indispensable to avoid a significant loss of predictive accuracy. Remotely sensed data can allow for predictions to be made at different spatiotemporal resolutions and extents. This study paves the way to large-scale monitoring of forest maturity, as well as for retrospective analyses which will show to what extent predicted maturity change at different dates., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Long-term tree inventory data from mountain forest plots in France.
- Author
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Fuhr M, Cordonnier T, Courbaud B, Kunstler G, Mermin E, Riond C, and Tardif P
- Subjects
- France, Norway, Picea, Trees growth & development, Forests, Trees classification
- Abstract
We present repeated tree measurement data from 63 permanent plots in mountain forests in France. Plot elevations range from 800 (lower limit of the montane belt) to 1942 m above sea level (subalpine belt). Forests mainly consist of pure or mixed stands dominated by European beech (Fagus sylvatica), Silver fir (Abies alba), and Norway spruce (Picea abies), in association with various broadleaved species at low elevation and with Arolla pine (Pinus cembra) at high elevation. The plot network includes 23 plots in stands that have not been managed for the last 40 years (at least) and 40 plots in plots managed according to an uneven-aged system with single-tree or small-group selection cutting. Plot sizes range from 0.2 to 1.9 ha. Plots were installed from 1994 to 2004 and remeasured two to five times during the 1994-2015 period. During the first census (installation), living trees more than 7.5 cm in dbh were identified, their diameter at breast height (dbh) was measured and their social status (strata) noted. Trees were spatially located, either with x, y, and z coordinates (40 plots) or within 0.25-ha square subplots (23 plots). In addition, in a subset of plots (58 plots), tree heights and tree crown dimensions were measured on a subset of trees and dead standing trees and stumps were included in the census. Remeasurements after installation include live tree diameters (including recruited trees), tree status (living, damaged, dead, stump), and for a subset of trees, height. At the time of establishment of the plots, plot densities range from 181 to 1328 stems/ha and plot basal areas range from 13.6 to 81.3 m
2 /ha., (© 2017 by the Ecological Society of America.)- Published
- 2017
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18. Compromises in data selection in a meta-analysis of biodiversity in managed and unmanaged forests: response to Halme et al.
- Author
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Paillet Y, Bergès L, Hjältén J, Odor P, Avon C, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Bijlsma RJ, De Bruyn L, Fuhr M, Grandin U, Kanka R, Lundin L, Luque S, Magura T, Matesanz S, Mészáros I, Sebastià MT, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Tóthmérész B, Uotila A, Valladares F, Vellak K, and Virtanen R
- Subjects
- Europe, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Biodiversity, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Research Design, Trees
- Published
- 2010
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19. Biodiversity differences between managed and unmanaged forests: meta-analysis of species richness in Europe.
- Author
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Paillet Y, Bergès L, Hjältén J, Odor P, Avon C, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Bijlsma RJ, De Bruyn L, Fuhr M, Grandin U, Kanka R, Lundin L, Luque S, Magura T, Matesanz S, Mészáros I, Sebastià MT, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Tóthmérész B, Uotila A, Valladares F, Vellak K, and Virtanen R
- Subjects
- Europe, Biodiversity, Trees
- Abstract
Past and present pressures on forest resources have led to a drastic decrease in the surface area of unmanaged forests in Europe. Changes in forest structure, composition, and dynamics inevitably lead to changes in the biodiversity of forest-dwelling species. The possible biodiversity gains and losses due to forest management (i.e., anthropogenic pressures related to direct forest resource use), however, have never been assessed at a pan-European scale. We used meta-analysis to review 49 published papers containing 120 individual comparisons of species richness between unmanaged and managed forests throughout Europe. We explored the response of different taxonomic groups and the variability of their response with respect to time since abandonment and intensity of forest management. Species richness was slightly higher in unmanaged than in managed forests. Species dependent on forest cover continuity, deadwood, and large trees (bryophytes, lichens, fungi, saproxylic beetles) and carabids were negatively affected by forest management. In contrast, vascular plant species were favored. The response for birds was heterogeneous and probably depended more on factors such as landscape patterns. The global difference in species richness between unmanaged and managed forests increased with time since abandonment and indicated a gradual recovery of biodiversity. Clearcut forests in which the composition of tree species changed had the strongest effect on species richness, but the effects of different types of management on taxa could not be assessed in a robust way because of low numbers of replications in the management-intensity classes. Our results show that some taxa are more affected by forestry than others, but there is a need for research into poorly studied species groups in Europe and in particular locations. Our meta-analysis supports the need for a coordinated European research network to study and monitor the biodiversity of different taxa in managed and unmanaged forests.
- Published
- 2010
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- View/download PDF
20. Recent origin of a large part of the forest cover in the Gabon coastal area based on stable carbon isotope data.
- Author
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Delègue MA, Fuhr M, Schwartz D, Mariotti A, and Nasi R
- Abstract
Variations in the natural
13 C abundance of soil organic matter (SOM) at different depths combined with SOM radiocarbon dating were used to reconstruct the history of the forest-savanna successions over the last millennium in the Gabon coastal area. A chronosequence was established by comparing the δ13 C profiles and the radiocarbon dating of a Gabon savanna with those of a Congolese savanna where the palaeoenvironments are already well known. The palaeoclimatic histories of the two savannas were shown to be strictly identical. The whole Gabon coastal area may well have been forested during the early Holocene, until about 4,000 years ago. The forest fragmented after this initial expansion. Savanna appeared circa 3,000 years ago but the forest did not disappear totally. A new forest transgression started 500-1,000 years ago and expanded over the open areas previously created or enlarged. The marked savanisation and the subsequent and currently ongoing forest expansion explain both the present forest-savanna mosaic and the abundance of secondary species such as Aucoumea klaineana in the coastal forest.Anthropogenic activities over the past decades and centuries have induced local fluctuations in the forest cover, superimposed on the climatic forest-savanna dynamic. This study also confirms that the monospecific, even-aged A. klaineana stands present in the area became established on abandoned cultivation clearings.- Published
- 2001
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