23 results on '"Frusher S"'
Search Results
2. Multi-scale spatial variation in stable isotope and fatty acid profiles amongst temperate reef species : implications for design and interpretation of trophic studies
- Author
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Guest, M. A., Hirst, A. J., Nichols, P. D., and Frusher, S. D.
- Published
- 2010
3. Overfishing Reduces Resilience of Kelp Beds to Climate-Driven Catastrophic Phase Shift
- Author
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Ling, S. D., Johnson, C. R., Frusher, S. D., Ridgway, K. R., and Castilla, Juan Carlos
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Trophic effects of fishing southern rock lobster Jasus edwardsii shown by combined fatty acid and stable isotope analyses
- Author
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Guest, M. A., Frusher, S. D., Nichols, P. D., Johnson, C. R., and Wheatley, K. E.
- Published
- 2009
5. Effect of predator–prey and competitive interactions on size at emergence in the black-lip abalone Haliotis rubra in a Tasmanian MPA
- Author
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Pederson, H. G., Barrett, N. S., Frusher, S. D., and Buxton, C. D.
- Published
- 2008
6. Ten tips for developing the next generation of interdisciplinary socio-ecological researchers
- Author
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Kelly, R., Mackay, M., Nash, K.L., Cvitanovic, C., Allison, E.H., Armitage, D., Bonn, Aletta, Cooke, S.J., Frusher, S., Fulton, E.A., Halpern, B.S., Lopes, P.F.M., Milner-Gulland, E.J., Peck, M.A., Pecl, G.T., Stephenson, R.L., Werner, F., Kelly, R., Mackay, M., Nash, K.L., Cvitanovic, C., Allison, E.H., Armitage, D., Bonn, Aletta, Cooke, S.J., Frusher, S., Fulton, E.A., Halpern, B.S., Lopes, P.F.M., Milner-Gulland, E.J., Peck, M.A., Pecl, G.T., Stephenson, R.L., and Werner, F.
- Abstract
Interdisciplinary research and collaborations are essential to disentangle complex and wicked global socio-ecological challenges. However, institutional structures and practices to support interdisciplinary research are still developing and a shared understanding on how best to develop effective interdisciplinary researchers (particularly at early career stages) is lacking. Barriers to interdisciplinary approaches, which include diverse disciplinary ‘languages’, research time constraints and limited guidance on how to achieve interdisciplinarity in practice, further challenge this understanding. To help overcome these barriers, this paper provides practical advice for early career researchers and their mentors, as well as senior researchers and lab leaders, in the form of 10 tips: ‘Develop an area of expertise’; ‘Learn new languages’; ‘Be open-minded’; ‘Be patient’; ‘Embrace complexity’; ‘Collaborate widely; ‘Push your boundaries’; ‘Consider if you will engage in interdisciplinary research’; ‘Foster interdisciplinary culture’; and ‘Champion interdisciplinary researchers’. They are presented here to empower present and future generations of interdisciplinary researchers in their endeavour to solve contemporary socio-ecological challenges worldwide.
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- 2019
7. Managing consequences of climate-driven species redistribution requires integration of ecology, conservation and social science
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Bonebrake, TC, Brown, CJ, Bell, JD, Blanchard, JL, Chauvenet, A, Champion, C, Chen, IC, Clark, TD, Colwell, RK, Danielsen, F, Dell, AI, Donelson, JM, Evengård, B, Ferrier, S, Frusher, S, Garcia, RA, Griffis, RB, Hobday, AJ, Jarzyna, MA, Lee, E, Lenoir, J, Linnetved, H, Martin, VY, McCormack, PC, McDonald, J, McDonald-Madden, E, Mitchell, N, Mustonen, T, Pandolfi, JM, Pettorelli, N, Possingham, H, Pulsifer, P, Reynolds, M, Scheffers, BR, Sorte, CJB, Strugnell, JM, Tuanmu, MN, Twiname, S, Vergés, A, Villanueva, C, Wapstra, E, Wernberg, T, Pecl, GT, Bonebrake, TC, Brown, CJ, Bell, JD, Blanchard, JL, Chauvenet, A, Champion, C, Chen, IC, Clark, TD, Colwell, RK, Danielsen, F, Dell, AI, Donelson, JM, Evengård, B, Ferrier, S, Frusher, S, Garcia, RA, Griffis, RB, Hobday, AJ, Jarzyna, MA, Lee, E, Lenoir, J, Linnetved, H, Martin, VY, McCormack, PC, McDonald, J, McDonald-Madden, E, Mitchell, N, Mustonen, T, Pandolfi, JM, Pettorelli, N, Possingham, H, Pulsifer, P, Reynolds, M, Scheffers, BR, Sorte, CJB, Strugnell, JM, Tuanmu, MN, Twiname, S, Vergés, A, Villanueva, C, Wapstra, E, Wernberg, T, and Pecl, GT
- Abstract
© 2017 Cambridge Philosophical Society Climate change is driving a pervasive global redistribution of the planet's species. Species redistribution poses new questions for the study of ecosystems, conservation science and human societies that require a coordinated and integrated approach. Here we review recent progress, key gaps and strategic directions in this nascent research area, emphasising emerging themes in species redistribution biology, the importance of understanding underlying drivers and the need to anticipate novel outcomes of changes in species ranges. We highlight that species redistribution has manifest implications across multiple temporal and spatial scales and from genes to ecosystems. Understanding range shifts from ecological, physiological, genetic and biogeographical perspectives is essential for informing changing paradigms in conservation science and for designing conservation strategies that incorporate changing population connectivity and advance adaptation to climate change. Species redistributions present challenges for human well-being, environmental management and sustainable development. By synthesising recent approaches, theories and tools, our review establishes an interdisciplinary foundation for the development of future research on species redistribution. Specifically, we demonstrate how ecological, conservation and social research on species redistribution can best be achieved by working across disciplinary boundaries to develop and implement solutions to climate change challenges. Future studies should therefore integrate existing and complementary scientific frameworks while incorporating social science and human-centred approaches. Finally, we emphasise that the best science will not be useful unless more scientists engage with managers, policy makers and the public to develop responsible and socially acceptable options for the global challenges arising from species redistributions.
- Published
- 2018
8. Biodiversity redistribution under climate change: Impacts on ecosystems and human well-being
- Author
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Pecl, G.T., Araújo, Miguel B., Bell, J.D., Blanchard, Julia L., Bonebrake, T.C., Chen, I.C., Clark, T.D., Colwell, R.K., Danielsen, Finn, Evengård, Birgitta, Falconi, L., Ferrier, S., Frusher, S., García, R.A., Griffis, R.B., Hobday, A.J., Janion-Scheepers, C., Jarzyna, M.A., Jennings, S., Lenoir, J., Linnetved, H.I., Martin, V.Y., McCormack, P.C., McDonald, J., Mitchell, N.J., Mustonen, Tero, Pandolfi, J.M., Pettorelli, N., Popova, E., Robinson, S.A., Scheffers, B.R., Shaw, Justine, Sorte, C.J.B., Strugnell, J.M., Sunday, J.M., Tuanmu, M.N., Vergés, A., Villanueva, C., Wernberg, Thomas, Wapstra, E., Williams, S.E., Pecl, G.T., Araújo, Miguel B., Bell, J.D., Blanchard, Julia L., Bonebrake, T.C., Chen, I.C., Clark, T.D., Colwell, R.K., Danielsen, Finn, Evengård, Birgitta, Falconi, L., Ferrier, S., Frusher, S., García, R.A., Griffis, R.B., Hobday, A.J., Janion-Scheepers, C., Jarzyna, M.A., Jennings, S., Lenoir, J., Linnetved, H.I., Martin, V.Y., McCormack, P.C., McDonald, J., Mitchell, N.J., Mustonen, Tero, Pandolfi, J.M., Pettorelli, N., Popova, E., Robinson, S.A., Scheffers, B.R., Shaw, Justine, Sorte, C.J.B., Strugnell, J.M., Sunday, J.M., Tuanmu, M.N., Vergés, A., Villanueva, C., Wernberg, Thomas, Wapstra, E., and Williams, S.E.
- Abstract
Distributions of Earth's species are changing at accelerating rates, increasingly driven by humanmediated climate change. Such changes are already altering the composition of ecological communities, but beyond conservation of natural systems, how and why does this matter? We review evidence that climate-driven species redistribution at regional to global scales affects ecosystem functioning, human well-being, and the dynamics of climate change itself. Production of natural resources required for food security, patterns of disease transmission, and processes of carbon sequestration are all altered by changes in species distribution. Consideration of these effects of biodiversity redistribution is critical yet lacking in most mitigation and adaptation strategies, including the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals.
- Published
- 2017
9. Empirical evidence for different cognitive effects in explaining the attribution of marine range shifts to climate change
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van Putten, I.E., Frusher, S., Fulton, E.A., Hobday, A.J., Jennings, S.M., Metcalf, S., Pecl, G.T., van Putten, I.E., Frusher, S., Fulton, E.A., Hobday, A.J., Jennings, S.M., Metcalf, S., and Pecl, G.T.
- Abstract
The changing geographical distribution of species, or range shift, is one of the better documented fingerprints of climate change in the marine environment. Range shifts may also lead to dramatic changes in the distribution of economic, social, and cultural opportunities. These challenge marine resource users' capacity to adapt to a changing climate and managers' ability to implement adaptation plans. In particular, a reluctance to attribute marine range shift to climate change can undermine the effectiveness of climate change communications and pose a potential barrier to successful adaptation. Attribution is a known powerful predictor of behavioural intention. Understanding the cognitive processes that underpin the formation of marine resource users' beliefs about the cause of observed marine range shift phenomena is therefore an important topic for research. An examination of the attribution by marine resource users of three types of range shifts experienced in a marine climate change hotspot in southeast Australia to various climate and non-climate drivers indicates the existence of at least three contributing cognitions. These are: (i) engrained mental representations of environmental phenomena, (ii) scientific complexity in the attribution pathway, and (iii) dissonance from the positive or negative nature of the impact. All three play a part in explaining the complex pattern of attribution of marine climate change range shifts, and should be considered when planning for engagement with stakeholders and managers around adaptation to climate change
- Published
- 2016
10. Measuring the vulnerability of marine social-ecological systems: A prerequisite for the identification of climate change adaptations
- Author
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Metcalf, S.J., van Putten, E.I., Frusher, S., Marshall, N.A., Tull, M., Caputi, N., Haward, M., Hobday, A.J., Holbrook, N.J., Jennings, S.M., Pecl, G.T., Shaw, J., Metcalf, S.J., van Putten, E.I., Frusher, S., Marshall, N.A., Tull, M., Caputi, N., Haward, M., Hobday, A.J., Holbrook, N.J., Jennings, S.M., Pecl, G.T., and Shaw, J.
- Abstract
Reducing the vulnerability of coastal communities to marine climate change requires that communities have some intrinsic capacity to adapt. To assist adaptation planning and the implementation of adaptation strategies, identifying barriers and enablers to adaptation is important. Adaptive capacity, resource dependence, local climate change exposure and biological sensitivity were used to assess socioeconomic vulnerability to climate change in three Australian coastal communities: St Helens, Tasmania; Bowen, Queensland; and Geraldton, Western Australia. Higher adaptive capacity was associated with larger population size (i.e., Geraldton) whereas greater resource dependence, and lower human and natural capital were associated with smaller populations (St Helens and Bowen). Socioeconomic vulnerability was greatly influenced by climate exposure and sensitivity with the moderately sized Bowen having the highest socioeconomic vulnerability to climate change. Adaptation strategies that utilized available assets, improved adaptive capacity, or reduced socioeconomic vulnerability were identified in partnership with local communities, including increased and diversified employment opportunities, the re-establishment of local fish markets, and improved education and communication. The level of resources, or “capitals,” available to communities can indicate where barriers and enablers to adaptation exist. Identified barriers to adaptation included a heavy reliance on one sector for employment and a lack of physical capital. We demonstrate that knowledge of intrinsic community characteristics can be beneficial for prioritizing adaptation actions to reduce socioeconomic vulnerability to marine climate change.
- Published
- 2015
11. From physics to fish to folk: Supporting coastal regional communities to understand their vulnerability to climate change in Australia
- Author
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Frusher, S., van Putten, I., Haward, M., Hobday, A.J., Holbrook, N.J., Jennings, S., Marshall, N., Metcalf, S., Pecl, G.T., Tull, M., Frusher, S., van Putten, I., Haward, M., Hobday, A.J., Holbrook, N.J., Jennings, S., Marshall, N., Metcalf, S., Pecl, G.T., and Tull, M.
- Abstract
Our oceans comprise valuable assets that provide a range of social and economic benefits directly and indirectly through provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting services. Fisheries rely on these services and are regionally important industries for many coastal communities. With a growing population and increasing demand for seafood production, impacts from climate change that alter the productivity of marine ecosystems will have flow-on implications for economic and social systems. As small coastal communities are often highly dependent on marine-based activities they are also expected to experience greater impacts from changes in productivity of marine resources than their larger and/or non-coastal counterparts. To assist coastal communities in evaluating their vulnerability to climate change we have developed a hybrid socio-ecological vulnerability index that combines an ecocentric index – i.e., an ecological vulnerability index – with a sociocentric index that focuses on adaptive capacity as a measure of vulnerability, and embeds a sustainable livelihoods approach. Through the use of an on-line tool, coastal communities can improve their understanding of their vulnerability to more appropriately adapt, embrace opportunities and minimize negative impacts that may arise from climate change and its effect on marine resource availability.
- Published
- 2015
12. Distinguishing geographical range shifts from artefacts of detectability and sampling effort
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Richardson, DM, Bates, AE, Bird, TJ, Stuart-Smith, RD, Wernberg, T, Sunday, JM, Barrett, NS, Edgar, GJ, Frusher, S, Hobday, AJ, Pecl, GT, Smale, DA, McCarthy, M, Richardson, DM, Bates, AE, Bird, TJ, Stuart-Smith, RD, Wernberg, T, Sunday, JM, Barrett, NS, Edgar, GJ, Frusher, S, Hobday, AJ, Pecl, GT, Smale, DA, and McCarthy, M
- Published
- 2015
13. Transformation of coastal communities: Where is the marine sector heading
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van Putten, I., Metcalf, S., Frusher, S., Marshall, N., Tull, M., van Putten, I., Metcalf, S., Frusher, S., Marshall, N., and Tull, M.
- Abstract
Much has been said about migration to coastal areas and the consequent change in coastal community demographics. Even though coastal communities are changing they are often still colloquially referred to as ‘fishing towns’ which is the presumed dominant economic activity. However, the commercial fishing sector is contracting and communities are re-orienting to other marine sectors such as marine tourism and aquaculture, and some non- marine sectors often with a net loss of employment opportunities. Our aim is to examine the additional pressure of climate change on coastal communities typically referred to as ‘fishing towns’. Climate change may prove to be the ‘tipping point’ for both the fishing fleet and coastal fishing towns. The purpose of this paper is not to examine the details of climate change -which have been documented elsewhere- but to identify the effects on fishing towns. Our approach is to consider a coastal community’s vulnerability to climate change in the marine environment in the context of its size, demographics, and economic characteristics. Small coastal communities characterised by an older demographic, high unemployment, a declining commercial fishing fleet, high participation in the marine sector, and limited local sea-based or land-based employment opportunities are assumed to be especially vulnerable to the effects of climate change in the marine environment. Together with qualitative survey results from 66 community members in three typical coastal communities across Australia, we provide insight into trends and change in these coastal communities. Our results suggest that the effects of climate change such as declines in fish abundances and coastal inundations, are likely to affect small coastal communities that were previously ‘fishing towns’. Moreover, transformations of structure and function of communities are likely to occur as the fishing component of communities’ declines further. The future of coastal communities in Australia is li
- Published
- 2014
14. Statistical solutions for error and bias in global citizen science datasets
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Bird, TJ, Bates, AE, Lefcheck, JS, Hill, NA, Thomson, RJ, Edgar, GJ, Stuart-Smith, RD, Wotherspoon, S, Krkosek, M, Stuart-Smith, JF, Pecl, GT, Barrett, N, Frusher, S, Bird, TJ, Bates, AE, Lefcheck, JS, Hill, NA, Thomson, RJ, Edgar, GJ, Stuart-Smith, RD, Wotherspoon, S, Krkosek, M, Stuart-Smith, JF, Pecl, GT, Barrett, N, and Frusher, S
- Published
- 2014
15. Using molecular prey detection to quantify rock lobster predation on barrens-forming sea urchins
- Author
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Redd, K., Ling, S., Frusher, S., Jarman, Simon, Johnson, C., Redd, K., Ling, S., Frusher, S., Jarman, Simon, and Johnson, C.
- Abstract
We apply qPCR molecular techniques to detect in situ rates of consumption of sea urchins (Centrostephanus rodgersii and Heliocidaris erythrogramma) by rock lobsters (Jasus edwardsii). A non-lethal method was used to source faecal samples from trap-caught lobsters over 2 years within two no-take research reserves. There was high variability in the proportion of lobsters with faeces positive for sea urchin DNA across years and seasons dependent on lobster size. Independent estimates of lobster predation rate on sea urchins (determined from observed declines in urchin abundances in the reserves relative to control sites) suggest that rates of molecular prey detection generally overestimated predation rates. Also, small lobsters known to be incapable of directly predating emergent sea urchins showed relatively high rates of positive tests. These results indicate that some lobsters ingest non-predatory sources of sea urchin DNA, which may include (i) ingestion of C. rodgersii DNA from the benthos (urchin DNA is detectable in sediments and some lobsters yield urchin DNA in faeces when fed urchin faeces or sediment); (ii) scavenging; and/or predation by rock lobsters on small pre-emergent urchins that live cryptically within the reef matrix (although this possibility could not be assessed). While the DNA-based approach and direct monitoring of urchin populations both indicate high predation rates of large lobsters on emergent urchins, the study shows that in some cases absolute predation rates and inferences of predator-prey interactions cannot be reliably estimated from molecular signals obtained from the faeces of benthic predators. At a broad semi-quantitative level, the approach is useful to identify relative magnitudes of predation and temporal and spatial variability in predation. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Published
- 2014
16. Telomere dynamics in the Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata): an investigation into the effects of age, tissue type, location and time of sampling.
- Author
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Godwin, R., Brown, I., Montgomery, S., Frusher, S., Green, T., Ovenden, J., Godwin, R., Brown, I., Montgomery, S., Frusher, S., Green, T., and Ovenden, J.
- Abstract
Telomere length has been purported as a biomarker for age and could offer a non-lethal method for determining the age of wild-caught individuals. Molluscs, including oysters and abalone, are the basis of important fisheries globally and have been problematic to accurately age. To determine whether telomere length could provide an alternative means of ageing molluscs, we evaluated the relationship between telomere length and age using the commercially important Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata). Telomere lengths were estimated from tissues of known age individuals from different age classes, locations and at different sampling times. Telomere length tended to decrease with age only in young oysters less than 18 months old, but no decrease was observed in older oysters aged 2-4 years. Regional and temporal differences in telomere attrition rates were also observed. The relationship between telomere length and age was weak, however, with individuals of identical age varying significantly in their telomere length making it an imprecise age biomarker in oysters.
- Published
- 2012
17. Telomere length analysis in crustacean species: Metapenaeus macleayi, Sagmariasus verreauxi, and Jasus edwardsii
- Author
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Godwin, R. M., Frusher, S., Montgomery, S. S., Ovenden, J., Godwin, R. M., Frusher, S., Montgomery, S. S., and Ovenden, J.
- Abstract
Estimates of age and growth in crustaceans have been historically problematic and presented significant challenges to researchers. Current techniques of age determination provide valuable data, but also suffer from disadvantages. Telomeric DNA has been proposed as an age biomarker because it shortens with age in some species. In this study, the feasibility of using telomere length (TL) to estimate age was examined in the school prawn Metapenaeus macleayi and the spiny lobsters Sagmariasus verreauxi and Jasus edwardsii. Carapace length (CL) was used as a surrogate for age, and terminal restriction fragment assays were used to test the relationship between TL and size. Degradation of telomeric DNA with time during storage significantly influenced TL estimates, particularly for M. macleayi. TLs obtained from species in this study were 1020 kb. No relationship between CL and TL was detected for any of the test species, and TL did not differ between male and female M. macleayi. TLs of J. edwardsii pueruli were unexpectedly shorter than those of J. edwardsii adults. The suitability of TL as an age biomarker in crustaceans may be limited, but further research is needed to elucidate telomere dynamics in these species with their different life histories and lifespans. © The State of Queensland (through the Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation), 2011.2011 © © The State of Queensland (through the Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation), 2011.
- Published
- 2011
18. Assessing the risk of climate change to aquaculture: a case study from south-east Australia
- Author
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Doubleday, ZA, primary, Clarke, SM, additional, Li, X, additional, Pecl, GT, additional, Ward, TM, additional, Battaglene, S, additional, Frusher, S, additional, Gibbs, PJ, additional, Hobday, AJ, additional, Hutchinson, N, additional, Jennings, SM, additional, and Stoklosa, R, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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19. Autonomous adaptation to climate-driven change in marine biodiversity in a global marine hotspot.
- Author
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Pecl GT, Ogier E, Jennings S, van Putten I, Crawford C, Fogarty H, Frusher S, Hobday AJ, Keane J, Lee E, MacLeod C, Mundy C, Stuart-Smith J, and Tracey S
- Subjects
- Australia, Climate, Climate Change, Humans, Biodiversity, Ecosystem
- Abstract
While governments and natural resource managers grapple with how to respond to climatic changes, many marine-dependent individuals, organisations and user-groups in fast-changing regions of the world are already adjusting their behaviour to accommodate these. However, we have little information on the nature of these autonomous adaptations that are being initiated by resource user-groups. The east coast of Tasmania, Australia, is one of the world's fastest warming marine regions with extensive climate-driven changes in biodiversity already observed. We present and compare examples of autonomous adaptations from marine users of the region to provide insights into factors that may have constrained or facilitated the available range of autonomous adaptation options and discuss potential interactions with governmental planned adaptations. We aim to support effective adaptation by identifying the suite of changes that marine users are making largely without government or management intervention, i.e. autonomous adaptations, to better understand these and their potential interactions with formal adaptation strategies.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. The impact of fishing on a highly vulnerable ecosystem, the case of Juan Fernández Ridge ecosystem.
- Author
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Porobic J, Fulton EA, Parada C, Frusher S, Ernst B, and Manríquez P
- Subjects
- Animals, Biomass, Chile, Conservation of Natural Resources economics, Environment, Geography, Islands, Models, Biological, Oceanography, Pacific Ocean, Seafood economics, Ecosystem, Fisheries economics, Fisheries organization & administration
- Abstract
The Juan Fernández Ridge (JFRE) is a vulnerable marine ecosystem (VME) located off the coast of central Chile formed by the Juan Fernández Archipelago and a group of seamounts. This ecosystem has unique biological and oceanographic features, characterized by: small geographical units, high degree of endemism with a high degree of connectivity within the system. Two fleets have historically operated in this system: a long term coastal artisanal fishery associated with the Islands, focused mainly on lobster, and a mainland based industrial demersal finfish fishery operating on the seamounts which is currently considered overexploited. The management of these fisheries has been based on a classical single-species approach to determine output controls (industrial fleet) and a mixed management system with formal and informal components (artisanal fleet). There has been growing interest in increasing the exploitation of fisheries, and modernization of the fishing fleet already operating in the JFRE. Under this scenario of increased levels of fishing exploitation and the high level of interrelation of species it might be necessary to understand the impact of these fisheries from a holistic perspective based on a ecosystem-based modeling approach. To address these challenges we developed an Atlantis end-to-end model was configured for this ecosystem. The implemented model has a high degree of skill in representing the observed trends and fluctuations of the JFRE. The model shows that the industrial fishing has a localized impact and the artisanal fisheries have a relatively low impact on the ecosystem, mainly via the lobster fishery. The model indicates that the depletion of large sized lobster has leads to an increase in the population of sea urchins. Although this increase is not sufficient, as yet, to cause substantial flow-on effects to other groups, caution is advised in case extra pressure leads the ecosystem towards a regime shift., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The Influence of Mark-Recapture Sampling Effort on Estimates of Rock Lobster Survival.
- Author
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Kordjazi Z, Frusher S, Buxton C, Gardner C, and Bird T
- Subjects
- Animals, Australia, Female, Fisheries, Male, Models, Biological, Population Density, Sampling Studies, Survival Analysis, Animal Migration, Demography statistics & numerical data, Palinuridae physiology
- Abstract
Five annual capture-mark-recapture surveys on Jasus edwardsii were used to evaluate the effect of sample size and fishing effort on the precision of estimated survival probability. Datasets of different numbers of individual lobsters (ranging from 200 to 1,000 lobsters) were created by random subsampling from each annual survey. This process of random subsampling was also used to create 12 datasets of different levels of effort based on three levels of the number of traps (15, 30 and 50 traps per day) and four levels of the number of sampling-days (2, 4, 6 and 7 days). The most parsimonious Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) model for estimating survival probability shifted from a constant model towards sex-dependent models with increasing sample size and effort. A sample of 500 lobsters or 50 traps used on four consecutive sampling-days was required for obtaining precise survival estimations for males and females, separately. Reduced sampling effort of 30 traps over four sampling days was sufficient if a survival estimate for both sexes combined was sufficient for management of the fishery.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Species traits and climate velocity explain geographic range shifts in an ocean-warming hotspot.
- Author
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Sunday JM, Pecl GT, Frusher S, Hobday AJ, Hill N, Holbrook NJ, Edgar GJ, Stuart-Smith R, Barrett N, Wernberg T, Watson RA, Smale DA, Fulton EA, Slawinski D, Feng M, Radford BT, Thompson PA, and Bates AE
- Subjects
- Animals, Australia, Body Size, Diet veterinary, Food Chain, Homing Behavior, Likelihood Functions, Linear Models, Marine Biology, Motor Activity, Oceans and Seas, Population Density, Reproduction, Climate Change, Ecosystem, Fishes physiology, Invertebrates physiology, Temperature
- Abstract
Species' ranges are shifting globally in response to climate warming, with substantial variability among taxa, even within regions. Relationships between range dynamics and intrinsic species traits may be particularly apparent in the ocean, where temperature more directly shapes species' distributions. Here, we test for a role of species traits and climate velocity in driving range extensions in the ocean-warming hotspot of southeast Australia. Climate velocity explained some variation in range shifts, however, including species traits more than doubled the variation explained. Swimming ability, omnivory and latitudinal range size all had positive relationships with range extension rate, supporting hypotheses that increased dispersal capacity and ecological generalism promote extensions. We find independent support for the hypothesis that species with narrow latitudinal ranges are limited by factors other than climate. Our findings suggest that small-ranging species are in double jeopardy, with limited ability to escape warming and greater intrinsic vulnerability to stochastic disturbances., (© 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. A quantitative metric to identify critical elements within seafood supply networks.
- Author
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Plagányi ÉE, van Putten I, Thébaud O, Hobday AJ, Innes J, Lim-Camacho L, Norman-López A, Bustamante RH, Farmery A, Fleming A, Frusher S, Green B, Hoshino E, Jennings S, Pecl G, Pascoe S, Schrobback P, and Thomas L
- Subjects
- Algorithms, Animals, Humans, Food Supply, Models, Theoretical, Seafood supply & distribution
- Abstract
A theoretical basis is required for comparing key features and critical elements in wild fisheries and aquaculture supply chains under a changing climate. Here we develop a new quantitative metric that is analogous to indices used to analyse food-webs and identify key species. The Supply Chain Index (SCI) identifies critical elements as those elements with large throughput rates, as well as greater connectivity. The sum of the scores for a supply chain provides a single metric that roughly captures both the resilience and connectedness of a supply chain. Standardised scores can facilitate cross-comparisons both under current conditions as well as under a changing climate. Identification of key elements along the supply chain may assist in informing adaptation strategies to reduce anticipated future risks posed by climate change. The SCI also provides information on the relative stability of different supply chains based on whether there is a fairly even spread in the individual scores of the top few key elements, compared with a more critical dependence on a few key individual supply chain elements. We use as a case study the Australian southern rock lobster Jasus edwardsii fishery, which is challenged by a number of climate change drivers such as impacts on recruitment and growth due to changes in large-scale and local oceanographic features. The SCI identifies airports, processors and Chinese consumers as the key elements in the lobster supply chain that merit attention to enhance stability and potentially enable growth. We also apply the index to an additional four real-world Australian commercial fishery and two aquaculture industry supply chains to highlight the utility of a systematic method for describing supply chains. Overall, our simple methodological approach to empirically-based supply chain research provides an objective method for comparing the resilience of supply chains and highlighting components that may be critical.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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