Search

The importance of studying terminology in maritime higher educational institutions is beyond any doubt. Poor proficiency in professional English vocabulary may cause problems in communication between multinational crew and threaten the safety of life, ship and cargo at sea. Thus, mastering of the vocabulary is and will always be the main direction in teaching a foreign language for professional purposes. The paper analyzes the main types of lexical units that form the termbase of maritime English. Effective ways of mastering professional vocabulary are provided. At the same time, it is noted that teaching shall be provided and complied with the terms of a professionally oriented approach, where all decisions regarding the selection of the syllabus are coordinated with the professionally oriented communicative requirements of cadets. It means that the cadets study lexical units which are required for further application in specific areas and situations, taking into account the professional direction.The special lexical units that are considered as a substantial component of a special lexical competence which acts as an integrative phenomenon and has level structure and includes knowledge about special lexical units, skills of using studied special lexical units in a given communicative context are discussed. Some aspects of marine terminology which are necessary for cadets’ familiarization when studying the course “Foreign language (English)” have been considered.It is noted that a combination of various tactics and teaching methods with the use of illustrative materials to the use of original professional documents such as ship's instructions, checklists and others is useful and productive when studying professional English terminology. The combination of all these methods will allow the cadets to have an integral “linguistic” pattern of their future profession, from individual words and word combinations to the functioning of lexical units in a real professional language.

The article is devoted to the topical issue of social and cognitive grounds of commitment to a social community of a country and describes the results of the empirical research of the role of figurative sphere and social well-being of an individual in emergence of sovereign emigration intentions. The author has operationalized the notion of socioculturally integrated personality imaginative sphere and has designed the image and association test procedure to determine the intensity of the phenomenon, meant by the notion. 200 people (120 females and 80 males) aged 18 to 35 took part in the experiment. The research has revealed that commitment to one’s country is connected with high socioculturally integrated personality imaginative sphere. It has also proved that emigration intentions occur among both individuals with low and high satisfaction with social well-being. Low socioculturally integrated personality imaginative sphere appears to be one of the major predictors of sovereign emigration intentions. The article can be an interesting basis for further empirical and theoretical studies. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Humanities (project № 16-06-50134 «Commitment to one's country and emigration intentions: social and cognitive grounds»).

The article is devoted to the problem of organizing in-service supervision of a beginning teacher in educational environment. The conceptual and practical ways of designing the model of in-service supervision of a young teacher are analyzed in the article. In-service supervision is defined as a purposeful complex process involving the cooperation of teachers-mentors with a young specialist in order to ensure successful entry into the profession, effective teaching, adaptation to the professional environment and overcoming crises and barriers arising in the process of teaching. The model of in-service supervision is based on a convention generation approach. A set of complementary principles of organizing in-service supervision is described. The model of in-service supervision is founded on the institution of double mentoring: a mentor from teachers’ education university staff and a mentor from school supervise a beginning teacher. The in-service supervision is based on mentoring technology. The authors describe the developed website for online in-service supervision, allowing timely, prompt interaction with a young teacher. The article analyzes the system of criteria for choosing a mentor as well as the system of professional and personal qualities of a mentor.

Sustainable development of rural areas is a multifaceted and complex concept. One of the factors affecting the prosperity of the regions is the presence of small and medium-sized businesses. Improving government programs to support small and medium-sized businesses is a priority of state policy. The theoretical methodological and practical foundations of the strategic development of small and medium businesses were investigated. We have identified the main factors affecting the development of small business in Russia, such as low population density, low pre-emptive activity of the population, low support from the regional authorities. Creating an entrepreneurial environment is a priority to stimulate the development of small and medium-sized businesses.

The article contains the results of theoretical analysis and empirical research of imagery determination of students personality commitment to their country. The commitment of a personality to the country is considered in line with the theory of psychological relations of the personality, actively developed in modern social psychology, and within the framework of the concept of socio-psychological capital of the personality, proposed by A. N. Tatarko. The purpose of this article is to analyse the role of subjective images of the past, present and future of the country in building personality’s commitment to the country. To achieve this goal, an empirical research was conducted, which was attended by 207 University students (125 women and 82 men) aged 18 to 23 years, all citizens of Russia. The research was conducted in compliance with the principle of anonymity of participation and using the author’s fact-finding questionnaire “Commitment to their country”, the developed imagery-associative test “The Image of Russia and Foreign Countries” and colour relations test. As a result of the study it was found out that subjectively constructed, positively significant images of the future of the country play the most important role in the formation of students’ commitment to their country.

The study concerns the phenomenon of a “professional teacher”, its social status, personal qualities and competences within the historical context. The authors apply the integration of philosophical, psychological, historical-pedagogical and pedagogical knowledge as such to understand the modern model of a teacher. The historical context as a complex of social conditions of pedagogical insights, concepts and assumptions of an ideal teacher and its professional training formed methodological fundamentals of the study dealing with the image of a teacher of the past, present and future. To define the mission of a teacher within the society and its professional characteristics the study analyzes beliefs, activities and works of educators, scientists, classic teachers and modern representatives of pedagogical science and educational practice. Defining the phenomenon of a “teacher”, the authors consider it through the unique nature of professional activity, personal qualities, compliance to public expectations and demands.

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a rare congenital disorder of the connective tissue, leading to thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) and dissection, among other complications. Currently, the most efficient strategy to prevent life-threatening dissection is preventive surgery. Periodic imaging applying complex techniques is required to monitor TAA progression and to guide the timing of surgical intervention. Thus, there is an acute demand for non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as for innovative therapeutic targets of MFS. Unraveling the intricate pathomolecular mechanisms underlying the syndrome is vital to address these needs. High-throughput platforms are particularly well-suited for this purpose, as they enable the integration of different datasets, such as transcriptomic and epigenetic profiles. In this narrative review, we summarize relevant studies investigating changes in both the coding and non-coding transcriptome and epigenome in MFS-induced TAA. The collective findings highlight the implicated pathways, such as TGF-β signaling, extracellular matrix structure, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Potential candidates as biomarkers, such as miR-200c, as well as therapeutic targets emerged, like Tfam, associated with mitochondrial respiration, or miR-632, stimulating endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. While these discoveries are promising, rigorous and extensive validation in large patient cohorts is indispensable to confirm their clinical relevance and therapeutic potential.

Fusarium basal rot of onions causes large losses during storage of commercial production of onion bulbs, which in turn adversely affects the food market situation in the off-season period. There are no data on the composition of Fusarium spp., which causes onion basal rot in the Russian Federation. Therefore, our research was aimed at Fusarium spp. causing onion basal rot in the Moscow Region of the Russian Federation and studying the pathogenicity of these species for the host plant. We studied 20 isolates of Fusarium spp. collected from affected mature bulbs and seed bulbs. Species identification of the isolates was carried out using analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the three genetic loci ITS, tef1 and rpb2 , as well as was based on the macro- and micromorphological characteristics of these isolates. As a result, the species F. annulatum ( F. fujikuroi species complex), F. oxysporum ( F. oxysporum species complex), F. acuminatum ( F. tricinctum species complex) and F. solani ( F. solani species complex) were identified to involve in the pathogenesis of Fusarium basal rot. We have shown for the first time that the species F. annulatum and F. acuminatum are highly aggressive and capable of causing onion basal rot. The predominant species were F. annulatum and F. oxysporum . The proportion of these species in the total number of analyzed isolates was 60% and 25%, respectively. The largest proportion (33%) of highly aggressive on mature bulbs isolates was found in the species F. annulatum . The data obtained provide practical insights for developing strategies to manage Fusarium fungi responsible for onion basal rot Moscow Region of the Russian Federation. In addition, data about species composition and aggressive isolates may be used in onion breeding for resistance to Fusarium basal rot.

Fusarium wilt pathogens represent an ongoing threat to pepper production worldwide. This is the first report providing data on the molecular identification of Fusarium fungi that cause wilt in pepper in the southern regions of Russia. Monitoring of the Fusarium infection on pepper was carried out in 2019-2022 in two economically important regions of this culture production: the Krasnodar Krai and Crimea. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of the translation elongation factor ( EF1a ) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), as well as the macro- and micromorphological characteristics of the fungi, the causative agents of Fusarium wilt have been identified. The causative agents identified as representatives of the Fusarium species composition included: F. clavus , F. solani , F. oxysporum , F. verticillioides , F. commune , F. torulosum , and F. sporotrichioides . Depending on the region, the specifics of biodiversity and the ratio of these species in pathocomplexes were noted. In Crimea, wilting could be attributed to all of the identified species; in the Krasnodar Krai, F. verticillioides and F. clavus were found to contribute to wilting. The pathogenicity test showed that the pathogens of pepper wilting in Russia, in addition to the already known F. oxysporum and F. solani , are the species F. clavus and F. verticillioides . This is the first report on the ability of these species to cause Fusarium wilt in pepper cultures. The obtained data will be of practical value for the development of biological control measures for fungi of the genus Fusarium , which cause pepper wilt in areas of industrial production and seed production. In addition, data on species composition and aggressive isolates will be used in a pepper breeding program for resistance to Fusarium wilt.

The Slavic branch of the Balto-Slavic sub-family of Indo-European languages underwent rapid divergence as a result of the spatial expansion of its speakers from Central-East Europe, in early medieval times. This expansion-mainly to East Europe and the northern Balkans-resulted in the incorporation of genetic components from numerous autochthonous populations into the Slavic gene pools. Here, we characterize genetic variation in all extant ethnic groups speaking Balto-Slavic languages by analyzing mitochondrial DNA (n = 6,876), Y-chromosomes (n = 6,079) and genome-wide SNP profiles (n = 296), within the context of other European populations. We also reassess the phylogeny of Slavic languages within the Balto-Slavic branch of Indo-European. We find that genetic distances among Balto-Slavic populations, based on autosomal and Y-chromosomal loci, show a high correlation (0.9) both with each other and with geography, but a slightly lower correlation (0.7) with mitochondrial DNA and linguistic affiliation. The data suggest that genetic diversity of the present-day Slavs was predominantly shaped in situ, and we detect two different substrata: 'central-east European' for West and East Slavs, and 'south-east European' for South Slavs. A pattern of distribution of segments identical by descent between groups of East-West and South Slavs suggests shared ancestry or a modest gene flow between those two groups, which might derive from the historic spread of Slavic people.

We analyzed 40 single nucleotide polymorphism and 19 short tandem repeat Y-chromosomal markers in a large sample of 1,525 indigenous individuals from 14 populations in the Caucasus and 254 additional individuals representing potential source populations. We also employed a lexicostatistical approach to reconstruct the history of the languages of the North Caucasian family spoken by the Caucasus populations. We found a different major haplogroup to be prevalent in each of four sets of populations that occupy distinct geographic regions and belong to different linguistic branches. The haplogroup frequencies correlated with geography and, even more strongly, with language. Within haplogroups, a number of haplotype clusters were shown to be specific to individual populations and languages. The data suggested a direct origin of Caucasus male lineages from the Near East, followed by high levels of isolation, differentiation, and genetic drift in situ. Comparison of genetic and linguistic reconstructions covering the last few millennia showed striking correspondences between the topology and dates of the respective gene and language trees and with documented historical events. Overall, in the Caucasus region, unmatched levels of gene-language coevolution occurred within geographically isolated populations, probably due to its mountainous terrain.

Affinity labelling of E. coli ribosomes is performed by treatment with water-soluble carbodiimide of the complex of ribosomes with (pU)7, tRNAPhe at the P-site and with Phe-tRNAPhe (complex I) and without Phe-tRNAPhe (complex II) at the A-site. The extent of modification is, respectively, 0.06 and 0.026 mol (pU)7 per mol ribosomes. Protein S3 is found as a single labelled protein in complex I, whereas S7, S8, L25 are modified in complex II. Thus, in the absence of a large spacer group within the complex stabilized by codon-anticodon interactions at both A- and P-sites, a highly selective modification occurs.

Addition of calmodulin to caldesmon causes a concentration-dependent shortwave shift and an increase of fluorescence intensity of caldesmon tryptophan residues. The existence of a protein complex is confirmed by the increase of the caldesmon sedimentation coefficient s0(20,w) from 3.0 S to 4.5 S in the presence of calmodulin. These findings allow application of the method of protein intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence for quantitative study of unmodified caldesmon and calmodulin in solution. The affinity of the caldesmon-calmodulin interaction (Kass = 1.8 x 10(6) M-1, in 0.1 M-KCl at 25 degrees C) and Ca2+ requirement (half-maximum binding at 0.8 microM-Ca2+) determined by means of the fluorescence technique are in agreement with previously reported values, thus confirming the validity of the method. The same approach was further used to provide information about the nature of interactions stabilizing the caldesmon-calmodulin complex. Association of the proteins and dissociation of the complex were studied in different physicochemical conditions, including variation of pH, temperature and ionic strength and the addition of quenchers, denaturants and anticalmodulin drugs. The results obtained suggest that caldesmon tryptophan residues, together with charged groups, are involved in calmodulin binding. Hydrophobic, electrostatic and hydrogen interactions contribute to the stability of the protein complex, making it insensitive to variations of physicochemical conditions within physiological limits.