Search

The aim of this study was to analyze which social markers of difference present themselves as a vulnerable condition to the practice of leisure-time Physical Activities (LPA) for girls and women living in São Paulo-SP. This is a quantitative, exploratory and cross-sectional study, based on data from the São Paulo Health Survey. Section 4 of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to evaluate the practice of physical activities during leisure time. Most women do not meet the recommendations for the practice of leisure-time physical activity, especially women with lower income, low education, older age and with children. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar cuales marcadores sociales de la diferencia se presentan como condición de vulnerabilidad a la práctica de las Actividades Físicas en ocio para las mujeres y adolescentes residentes en São Paulo-SP. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, exploratorio y transversal, basado en datos de la Encuesta de Salud de São Paulo. Se utilizó la sección 4 del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física para evaluar la práctica de actividades físicas durante el tiempo libre. La mayoría de las mujeres no cumplen con las recomendaciones para la práctica de actividad física en ocio, especialmente las mujeres con menores ingresos, baja educación, mayor edad y con hijos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar quais marcadores sociais da diferença se apresentam como condição vulnerabilizadora à prática de Atividades Físicas no lazer (AFL) para as meninas e mulheres residentes em São Paulo-SP. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, de caráter exploratório e transversal, tendo como base os dados do Inquérito de Saúde de São Paulo. Para avaliação da prática de atividades físicas no âmbito do lazer foi utilizada a Seção 4 do International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). A maioria das mulheres não atinge as recomendações para a prática de AFL, em especial mulheres com menores renda, baixa escolaridade, maiores idades e com presença de filhos.

INTRODUCTION: 24-hour movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep) during the early years are associated with health and developmental outcomes, prompting the WHO to develop Global guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age. Prevalence data on 24-hour movement behaviours is lacking, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper describes the development of the SUNRISE International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Years protocol, designed to address this gap.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: SUNRISE is the first international cross-sectional study that aims to determine the proportion of 3- and 4-year-old children who meet the WHO Global guidelines. The study will assess if proportions differ by gender, urban/rural location and/or socioeconomic status. Executive function, motor skills and adiposity will be assessed and potential correlates of 24-hour movement behaviours examined. Pilot research from 24 countries (14 LMICs) informed the study design and protocol. Data are collected locally by research staff from partnering institutions who are trained throughout the research process. Piloting of all measures to determine protocol acceptability and feasibility was interrupted by COVID-19 but is nearing completion. At the time of publication 41 countries are participating in the SUNRISE study.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The SUNRISE protocol has received ethics approved from the University of Wollongong, Australia, and in each country by the applicable ethics committees. Approval is also sought from any relevant government departments or organisations. The results will inform global efforts to prevent childhood obesity and ensure young children reach their health and developmental potential. Findings on the correlates of movement behaviours can guide future interventions to improve the movement behaviours in culturally specific ways. Study findings will be disseminated via publications, conference presentations and may contribute to the development of local guidelines and public health interventions.

Objective: To summarize indicators and describe in detail the methods used to physical activity and sedentary behavior measurement in South American preschool children. Data source: In 2017, we searched for articles on researches carried out in South American countries, which presented physical activity and/or sedentary behavior indicators in children aged two to six years. These searches were conducted in Spanish, English, and Portuguese in four electronic databases (LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science), Google Scholar, and in reference lists. Data summary: Out of 416 articles initially assessed, 13 composed the descriptive summary. Samples from Argentina, Brazil, and Chile were included. Three articles provided accelerometer-based estimates of moderate physical activity: 32, 70.1, and 71.3 minutes per day. The mean total sedentary behavior was 468.3 and 562.9 minutes per day and, considering the cut-off point of 2 hours per day of screen time, we found the following prevalence rates: 39.4, 40.3, and 100%. The studies adopted a wide number of instruments and strategies to evaluate those behaviors. Conclusions: Although the summary has pointed to high exposure to sedentary behavior in preschool children, with particular focus on screen time, it is essential to broaden the discussion and approximate the methods used to assess physical activity and sedentary behavior, making the evidence more comparable and strong, so as to elaborate preventive strategies and actions. RESUMO Objetivo: Sumarizar indicadores e descrever detalhadamente os métodos utilizados na avaliação da atividade física e do comportamento sedentário em pré-escolares sul-americanos. Fontes de dados: Em 2017, buscas foram realizadas, nos idiomas espanhol, inglês e português, em quatro bases de dados eletrônicas (LILACS, PubMed, SciELO e Web of Science), no Google Acadêmico e em listas de referências. Foram procurados artigos sobre pesquisas realizadas em países da América do Sul, que apresentaram indicadores de atividade física e/ou de comportamento sedentário em crianças entre dois e seis anos de idade. Síntese dos dados: De 416 artigos inicialmente avaliados, 13 compuseram a síntese descritiva. Foram envolvidas amostras da Argentina, Brasil e Chile. Três artigos ofereceram estimativas médias de atividade física moderada, por meio de acelerômetros: 32; 70,1 e 71,3 minutos por dia. Sobre o comportamento sedentário total, foram observadas as médias de 468,3 e 562,9 minutos por dia e, considerando-se o ponto de corte de 2 horas por dia em comportamentos de tela, as seguintes prevalências foram encontradas: 39,4; 40,3 e 100%. Observou-se grande variação no número de instrumentos e estratégias utilizadas para a avaliação dos comportamentos. Conclusões: Mesmo que a síntese tenha apontado para elevadas exposições ao comportamento sedentário em pré-escolares, com particular enfoque nas exposições ao tempo de tela, é importante um maior debate e aproximação dos métodos empregados na avaliação da atividade física e do comportamento sedentário, o que tornaria suas evidências mais comparáveis e fortalecidas para a formulação de estratégias e ações preventivas.

Introduction Most interventions aiming to promote leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) at population level showed small or null effects. Approaching the problem from a systems science perspective may shed light on the reasons for these results. We developed an agent-based model to explore how the interactions between psychological attributes and built and social environments may lead to the emergence and evolution of LTPA patterns among adults. Methods The modeling process consisted of four stages: (1) conceptual model development, (2) formulation of the agent-based model, (3) parametrization and calibration, and (4) consistency and sensitivity analyses. The model represents a stylized community containing two types of agents: persons and LTPA sites. Persons interact with each other (proximal network and perceived community) and with the built environment (LTPA sites) over time. Decision-making is based on the person’s intention to practice LTPA, conditioned to the perceived environment. Each iteration is equivalent to one week and we assessed a period of 10 years. Results The model was able to reproduce population temporal trends of intention and LTPA reported in the literature. Sensitivity analyses indicated that population patterns and trends of intention and LTPA were highly influenced by the relationship between a person’s behavior in the preceding week and his current intention, the person’s access to built and social environment, and the density of LTPA sites. Conclusions The proposed agent-based model is suitable to explore the emergence and evolution of LTPA patterns among adults, considering the dynamic interaction between individuals’ psychological attributes and the built and social environments in which they live. The model is available at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/J2KAS .