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This research aims to explore the role of gender in mutual fund investment choices to achieve financial and time freedom. Through an exploratory qualitative research method, this study collected data through non-depth interviews with respondents consisting of male and female mutual fund investors. Data were analyzed using content analysis to identify main themes. The findings of this research reveal ten main themes, namely: 1) investment definition, 2) type of investment, 3) investment experience, 4) gender factor, 5) inheritance culture, 6) investment feeling, 7) investment application, 8) effective financial management, 9) future goals, and 10) financial and time freedom. These findings indicate significant differences in the selection and management of mutual fund investments based on gender. This study provides new insights into how gender affects investment decisions and how this impacts aspirations for financial and time freedom. This research also recommends how this knowledge can be utilized by financial planners and the mutual fund industry to recognize better and serve the needs of gender-based investors.

The financial behavior of Gen Z nowadays will have impact to the future of Indonesia as a nation. According to data provided by BPS (2020), in the year 2030 Indonesia will face demography bonus, where the composition of population will be dominated by Gen Y (27.94%) and Gen Z (25.87%). Therefore, Gen Z must be prepared to be able to contribute to further improving Indonesia economics. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide training to Gen Z regarding Islamic financial planning and management, so that Gen Z can achieve financial freedom in the future activity. Community service was held on 30 Jun 2022 at SMK Islam Malahayati, with 75 students as participants. The method used in this training is participatory. The material is delivered through lectures, followed by the practice of financial planning and financial management, as well as discussions and questions and answers from participants. The participants were enthusiastic and listened to the material well. It could be seen from the results of the answers to the questions given through the questionnaire. Not only that, the participants also gave positive feedback on this activity.

Financial freedom is now the goal of human life. The view of success can be achieved if humans have reached the point of independence in their finances. This makes people be required to be good at saving and controlling their finances in conditions of high consumerism culture. One way that the community can take to achieve this goal is to invest in financial instruments that are now growing a lot. One of them is Peer to Peer (P2P) lending in financial technology. This study was aimed at analyzing the effect of financial technology on people's decisions to invest. The methods used are descriptive analysis and logistic regression. The results of the statistical test were the coefficient value of 0.179 with a T value of 2.587 and a P-value of 0.010. The coefficient value of 0.179 means that if the Financial Technology increased by 1 point, the probability of an investment decision would increase by 0.179 and vice versa. The T-value of 2.587 was more than the T-table (1.96) and the P-value (0.010) was less than 0.05, so the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted. Therefore, it means that Financial Technology had a positive and significant impact on investment decisions.

This study explores the impact of investment, financial, and trade freedom on banks' risk-taking and stability of US banks by employing two-step system GMM approach over the extended period from 2002 to 2018. The findings provide evidence that financial freedom decreases risk-taking, while investment and trade freedom increase US larger banks' risk-taking. The results show that investment and trade freedom is beneficial for the stability of banks in the US. The heterogeneity in results indicates that financial freedom reduces the risk-taking, whereas trade and investment freedom increase the risk-taking of well-capitalized and high liquid banks. In contrast, in the case of undercapitalized and low liquid banks, the impact of financial, trade, and investment freedom on risk-taking is insignificant. The result demonstrates that the government's intervention is decisive in developing the degree of economic freedom for the financial system's stability. The finding of the study has practical implications for banks manager, regulators, and policymakers.

Abstract. This study was to explore the meaning of money in the Charismatic Pentecostal perspective. The method used was descriptive analysis through literature study. Through this study it was concluded that the Charismatic Pentecostals see the money is not merely needed to meet the daily life needs, it’s also as means of service to God. Service to God itself is not limited only in the form of ecclesiastical ministry, but also includes every work to promote a good life in this world. Abstrak. Penelitian ini berusaha mencermati pemaknaan uang dalam prespektif Pentakosta Karismatik. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analisis melalui kajian literatur. Berdasarkan kajian penelitian ini kaum Pentakosta Karismatik berpandangan bahwa uang selain dibutuhkan untuk mencukupi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari, uang juga sebagai sarana pelayanan kepada Tuhan. Pelayanan kepada Tuhan itu sendiri tidak dibatasi hanya dalam bentuk pelayanan gerejawi, tetapi mencakup juga setiap karya untuk mewujudkan kehidupan yang baik di dunia ini.

This study examines how business, financial, monetary, and trade freedom influence Turkiye's green growth from 1995 to 2022, utilizing the ARDL approach to cointegration. Our results confirm the long-term cointegration among the variables. Robustness tests, such as Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), consistently show that business and trade freedom hinder Turkiye's green growth. Financial freedom and monetary freedom consistently foster it. Business freedom and heightened trade freedom lead to increased fossil fuel consumption, whereas monetary freedom stabilizes Turkiye's currency, and financial freedom promotes entrepreneurship. Enhancing eco-friendly energy sources and investing in green technologies are crucial for promoting sustainable growth, reducing production costs, fostering entrepreneurship, and encouraging competition. The fact that the impact of these variables on green growth in Turkiye has not been studied before makes the study's findings novel. • Financial freedom boosts Turkiye's green growth, with renewable energy usage up 478% from 1995 to 2022. • Stable monetary policies and independent central bank create a reliable environment for green investments and stability. • Increased trade freedom negatively impacts green growth due to the influx of carbon-intensive products and technologies. • Higher business freedom increases fossil fuel use and environmental degradation, hindering green growth efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides some interesting insight into the impact of financial freedom and inter-industry competition on commercial banking sector competition in Sri Lanka. The study used a broader set of panel data and employed Panzar-Rosse approach to estimate the degree of bank competition. The size of the country's stock market capitalization and non- banking financial sector performance were used to measure inter- industry competition, whereas financial freedom index was used to measure the freedom of financial institution to contest in the market. The sample covered the whole commercial banking sector which includes 25 banks over the period from 1996 to 2018. Surprisingly, the results did not provide evidence for direct impact of financial freedom on bank competition in the country. However, study found a strong evidence for positive implications of non-banking sector performance on bank competition. The stock market performance is found to be negatively associating with bank competition. Hence formulating policies enabling competitiveness within financial market could be suggestive as it would certainly cause positive implications on the banking sector competitiveness.

The life insurance industry has experienced phenomenal growth over the years. The broad aim of this study was to establish the variables that influence the demand for life insurance in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). Although many studies have investigated the determinants of life insurance demand, little research has considered the supply-side factors such as financial regulation. Therefore, this study also contemplated the effect of the financial regulation variable on life insurance demand. The inquiry employed a panel of the BRICS bloc of countries as a unit of analysis for 1999–2020 and applied panel data econometric techniques. The study found that the life insurance demand variable (proxied by life insurance density and alternatively by life insurance penetration) was negatively affected by income, unemployment, interest rates and inflation variables. Furthermore, the study documented a positive relationship between life insurance demand and the economic growth and financial freedom variables. This study implies that regulatory authorities should deregulate the life insurance sector to foster financial freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals reach decisions at every moment of their daily lives. They become happy as long as the benefit of these decisions is above their cost. If real life worked under a complete information hypothesis, all the individuals would live happily forever. In this situation, correct decision making becomes a very important subject for the individuals. There are many decision-making methods. There is no general consensus as to which one of them gives the best solution. Instead, it is suggested to conduct sensitivity analysis in the issue of the reliability of the MCDM methods or comparison to another method. This study compares EDAS and COPRAS methods. For this, the results obtained from EDAS method have been compared to COPRAS and EFI methods. All three methods give the same performance results. The found results are statistically significant. This result supports the strong relationship existing among MCDM methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The life insurance industry has experienced phenomenal growth over the years. The broad aim of this study was to establish the variables that influence the demand for life insurance in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). Although many studies have investigated the determinants of life insurance demand, little research has considered the supply-side factors such as financial regulation. Therefore, this study also contemplated the effect of the financial regulation variable on life insurance demand. The inquiry employed a panel of the BRICS bloc of countries as a unit of analysis for 1999–2020 and applied panel data econometric techniques. The study found that the life insurance demand variable (proxied by life insurance density and alternatively by life insurance penetration) was negatively affected by income, unemployment, interest rates and inflation variables. Furthermore, the study documented a positive relationship between life insurance demand and the economic growth and financial freedom variables. This study implies that regulatory authorities should deregulate the life insurance sector to foster financial freedom.

This paper provides some interesting insight into the impact of financial freedom and inter-industry competition on commercial banking sector competition in Sri Lanka. The study used a broader set of panel data and employed Panzar-Rosse approach to estimate the degree of bank competition. The size of the country's stock market capitalization and non-banking financial sector performance were used to measure inter-industry competition, whereas financial freedom index was used to measure the freedom of financial institution to contest in the market. The sample covered the whole commercial banking sector which includes 25 banks over the period from 1996 to 2018. Surprisingly, the results did not provide evidence for direct impact of financial freedom on bank competition in the country. However, study found a strong evidence for positive implications of non-banking sector performance on bank competition. The stock market performance is found to be negatively associating with bank competition. Hence formulating policies enabling competitiveness within financial market could be suggestive as it would certainly cause positive implications on the banking sector competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study empirically examines how the bank specific factors, macro-economic, and institutional variables impact interest margins in China's banking sector. A panel data analysis of bank data for the period 1988-2015 was carried out. We found a significant association between credit quality, risk aversion, liquidity risk, and the proportion of corporate and industrial loans and the adjusted interest spread (AIS). GDP growth rate, inflation, and the proportion of national savings to the GDP were found to have significant association with the AIS. Furthermore, institutional variables were found to have a significant moderating effect on the AIS. We contribute to the literature by examining a unique context and a more accurate measure of bank interest margin not used in prior studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Based on two years of fieldwork with fans of financial success best-sellers, this article analyzes the idea of financial freedom, which is the cornerstone of popular financial self-help resources. Fans of the genre train themselves and engage in business and investing with the main goal of reaching something that is at once mathematical and a condition of the self. Financial freedom is a specific equation between income and expenses that makes it possible to quit one’s job while maintaining an income. But it is also a condition by which one has freed oneself from one’s own fears and limitations in regards to money and investing and the need for security. Therefore, all practices directed at increasing one’s wealth are also practices of the self that are directed at combating external and internal forms of dependence. The intellectual roots of the problematization of internal and external dependence are explored. The tension between freedom and security is illustrated through the example of the examination of one’s family upbringing.

Based on two years of fieldwork with fans of financial success best-sellers, this article analyzes the idea of financial freedom, which is the cornerstone of popular financial self-help resources. Fans of the genre train themselves and engage in business and investing with the main goal of reaching something that is at once mathematical and a condition of the self. Financial freedom is a specific equation between income and expenses that makes it possible to quit one's job while maintaining an income. But it is also a condition by which one has freed oneself from one's own fears and limitations in regards to money and investing and the need for security. Therefore, all practices directed at increasing one's wealth are also practices of the self that are directed at combating external and internal forms of dependence. The intellectual roots of the problematization of internal and external dependence are explored. The tension between freedom and security is illustrated through the example of the examination of one's family upbringing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aftermath of the financial crisis proved to be fertile ground to discredit free markets. Further, the crisis was used to justify, expand, and strengthen government regulatory holds over financial services. This study finds that countries that are generally considered to be "free" are also countries that have relatively fewer regulations for their banking systems. The results of this study support the notion that ideology relating to regulation, as measured by indexes of business freedom and personal freedom, are positively associated with financial freedom. Relative freedom of banking from State control is examined across a continuum. Three regressions were performed to observe correlations. Not surprisingly, the extent to which countries embrace financial freedom appears to be inexorably linked to the acceptance of economic and personal freedoms. The results of this study suggest that a decline in financial freedom in the United States is imminent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used panel data from 33 African nations during a period from 2005-2019 to examine the relationship between financial globalization and financial development. Regressions with Driscoll-Kraay and panel-corrected standard errors, which account for cross-sectional dependence, were employed to analyze the link. The main findings of this study reveal the existence of a U-shaped relationship between financial globalization and financial development in Africa, suggesting that a lower level of financial globalization appears to have a negative influence on financial development. However, above a certain point, a growth in financial globalization is accompanied by an increase in financial development. In other words, countries with a lower (higher) level of financial globalization have experienced negative (positive) effects on their financial development. Trade openness, financial freedom, and investment freedom have also been found to be strongly and positively related to financial development in Africa. Based on the findings, African countries are advised to consider the appropriate timing prior to fully opening their capital accounts to international players in order to enjoy the benefits of financial globalization., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

The nexus between Information Communication Technology (ICT) and stock market development has been predominantly based on studies of the developed markets and high-income economies of the world. The objective of this study was to examine the causal relationship between ICT adoption and stock market development in Africa. The study examined a panel of 11 African stock exchanges for the period 2008–2017 and employed the panel ARDL bounds testing procedure to test for cointegration and examine the causal relationship between ICT adoption and stock market development. The dependent variable employed was the stock market development index (FINDEX), while the independent variable was the ICT adoption index (ICTDEX), and the financial freedom index (FFI) was employed as a control variable. Firstly, the results of the study documented that the variables are cointegrated in the long term. Secondly, the results of the study documented a bi-directional causal relationship (complementarity) between ICT adoption and stock market development. In essence, ICT adoption and stock market development reinforce each other. Thirdly, the study established a causal relationship running from financial freedom to stock market development. This lends credence to the notion that financial market deregulation promotes stock market development. Lastly, a positive causal relationship that ran from financial freedom to stock market development was documented. This study contributes to the body of knowledge in the sense that it is the first study to examine the phenomenon of the ICT–stock market development nexus by employing a panel study. Hitherto, studies were mainly country-specific in nature. The findings of the research imply that policymakers should be more resolute when formulating ICT policies, as ICT adoption can drive stock market development and vice versa for better economic growth. Policymakers should embrace policies that support the deregulation of stock markets as this will lead to the development of the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]