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Research question: The salience of creating shared value (CSV) in innovating the process of social change has been acknowledged; however, we know little about CSV from views of employees who create shared value. This study examined how employees of a sport organization perceive their organization’s CSV, and assessed the connections between employee CSV perception, vision integration, work engagement, and job performance. Research methods: A new scale of employee CSV perception was validated using data from 207 employees within a sport organization in China. Structural equation modeling was performed, with a separate sample of 181 employees, to test the hypothesized relationships. The data were obtained through web-based questionnaires. Results and findings: Employee CSV perception – formed as a second-order factor including sport, social, and economic values – was positively associated with vision integration. Subsequently, vision integration had a positive relationship with in-role behavior (i.e. a measure of job performance), and this relationship was mediated by work engagement. Implications: This study advances a theoretical understanding of CSV from the employees’ perspective. Findings suggest that a sport organization can use CSV to increase employees’ adoption of its vision, work engagement, and in-role behavior through team-building activities that facilitate employees’ understanding of the vision.

Full Text, Thesis (PhD Doctorate), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Dept Tourism, Sport & Hot Mgmt, Griffith Business School, Organisations are required to develop a unique brand as well as meaningful and emotional relationships with their consumers to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage in a crowded marketplace. An increasing number of organisations sponsor charity sport events to assist in achieving these objectives. Charity sport event (CSE) managers and representatives of the sponsor would benefit from the development of an authentic sponsorship program as consumers may form negative attitudes towards corporate partners who partner with an event for overly commercial reasons. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is twofold. First, this research examined how CSE managers and sponsors can create sponsorship programs that promote the sponsor’s brand in an authentic manner. Secondly, this research investigated how CSE sponsorship programs facilitate the development of meaningful and emotional relationships between CSE participants and sponsors. Three research questions were advanced. The research questions were addressed through an explanatory sequential mixed method research design consisting of three studies. The MS Moonlight Walk is an annual CSE that supports people living with MS and represents the research context of this thesis. The research adopted organisational identification theory and service-dominant logic (S-D logic) as theoretical frameworks. According to organisational identification theory, consumers identify and form emotional relationships with brands, which they perceive as meaningful and distinct. Consequently, Study 1 and Study 2 were guided by organisational identification theory. Study 1 examined how sponsoring a CSE can assist the sponsor to develop meaningful and emotional relationships with event participants. Data were collected from MS Moonlight Walk 2018 participants through pre- and post-event questionnaires. The ii results indicated that event participants were unable to answer the questions included in the questionnaire prior to and after the event

The performance of sport organizations has been traditionally examined from the perspective of attaining strategic and operational goals (e.g., profitability, sporting performance). However, contemporary examples point to a need to expand sport organizations’ goals through consideration of their contributions to well-being outcomes. The current special issue addresses this need by advancing the theoretical and empirical understanding of transformative sport service research (TSSR), which seeks to understand how personal and collective well-being can be improved through a range of services offered in the sport industry. This introduction article clarifies the scope of TSSR scholarship and then provides a synthesis of findings and implications from the eight articles included in the special issue. The overview concludes with a call for collective efforts to establish a focused body of knowledge that leads sport organizations to integrate the goal of optimizing consumer and employee well-being into the core of their operations.

Fundraising for a charity sport event (CSE) is a critical and challenging aspect of the event experience. CSE participants (i.e., CSE fundraisers) must engage with their network of friends, family, and colleagues (i.e., CSE donors) to solicit donations. A better understanding of CSE donor motives can translate to more effective fundraising among participants, which could be applicable to other peer-to-peer and sport-based fundraising initiatives. The researchers explored the factors driving CSE donors to contribute on behalf of CSE participants. Eight mechanisms driving charitable giving provided the theoretical framework. Semistructured interviews (N=24) were conducted with individuals who had donated to a CSE participant within the previous 12 months. Four themes emerged: feel good factor, perceived efficacy of donations, inspired by youth, and affinity for the participant. With these themes in mind, CSE managers may implement school outreach programs and testimonials from donors to achieve positive fundraising outcomes.

Full Text, Thesis (PhD Doctorate), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Dept Tourism, Sport & Hot Mgmt, Griffith Business School, Social media platforms have proliferated the sport industry. Social media is constantly evolving, with platforms being adopted by many sport stakeholders including sport governing bodies, leagues, teams, sporting events, fans, coaches, managers, and athletes. For athletes, social media have provided new avenues to share personal and professional news, manage their personal image and brand, and develop deeper interactions with fans. However, since the rise of social media, sport stakeholders have debated the extent of athlete social media use at major sport events. The purpose of this research was threefold: (1) to investigate why athletes use social media, the gratifications they receive, and the challenges they experience during a major sport event, (2) explore the elements of social media athletes perceive to be distracting, the practices they undertake to address distractions, and the support they receive from sport organisations, and (3) to examine how national sport organisations manage athlete social media use and their perceptions of social media as a distraction. To better understand athlete social media use during major sport events, three studies were conducted sequentially. Each study gathered qualitative data, allowing the researcher to delve deeper into the perceptions of athletes and sport administrators.

Fundraising for a charity sport event (CSE) is a critical and challenging aspect of the event experience. CSE participants (i.e., CSE fundraisers) must engage with their network of friends, family, and colleagues (i.e., CSE donors) to solicit donations. A better understanding of CSE donor motives can translate to more effective fundraising among participants, which could be applicable to other peer-to-peer and sport-based fundraising initiatives. The researchers explored the factors driving CSE donors to contribute on behalf of CSE participants. Eight mechanisms driving charitable giving provided the theoretical framework. Semistructured interviews (N=24) were conducted with individuals who had donated to a CSE participant within the previous 12 months. Four themes emerged: feel good factor, perceived efficacy of donations, inspired by youth, and affinity for the participant. With these themes in mind, CSE managers may implement school outreach programs and testimonials from donors to achieve positive fundraising outcomes.

Full Text, Thesis (PhD Doctorate), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Dept Tourism, Sport & Hot Mgmt, Griffith Business School, Exploring and understanding the motives that drive consumers to attend sport events and to follow sport teams is a critical challenge for sport organisations and underpins marketers’ attempts to attract new consumers as well as to retain existing ones. Prior research indicates that sport consumer motives vary across contexts. Moreover, research on sport consumers suggests that there is an opportunity to expand knowledge of sport consumer motives beyond social-psychological conceptualisations (i.e., intrinsic needs and wants) through an application of socio-cultural theorising (i.e., cultural meanings, values, beliefs, norms, identities, social class, lifestyle, history, and politics). Acknowledging this gap in existing scholarship, the current doctoral thesis aims to explore the motives driving sport consumers in three distinct cities of Vietnam, and the differences, based upon the social and cultural context of each city, that exist between these motives. The overarching theoretical framework underpinning the current research is consumer culture theory (CCT) (Arnould, 2006; Arnould & Thompson, 2005, 2007, 2015). The current research is also informed by theories of socio-psychological sport motivation (Branscombe & Wann, 1991, 1994; Duncan, 1983; Gantz, 1981; Gantz & Wenner, 1995; Iso-Ahola & Hatfield, 1986; Lever & Wheeler, 1984; McPherson, 1975; Murrell & Dietz, 1992; Sloan, 1989; Zhang, Pease, Hui, & Michaud, 1995; Zillmann, Bryant, & Sapolsky, 1989) and social identity theory (SIT) (Tajfel, 1982; Tajfel & Turner, 1979). Through the lens of CCT, the current thesis explores the motives that drive sport consumers to support their teams. A socio-cultural perspective was employed to emphasise the influence of cultural values, group identity, and socio-historic attributes on the consumption process. A sequential mixed methods research design was applied to address the research objectives. First, a quantitative questionnaire (Study 1) was administered among consumers o

Full Text, Thesis (PhD Doctorate), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Griffith Business School, Griffith Business School, Sport tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors in the tourism industry and is gaining burgeoning research interest from academia. However, there are limited studies combining sport and tourism research to understand sport tourists’ attitudes and decision-making related to an event-host destination. This PhD research addresses this gap by examining the formation and change of sport tourists’ destination attitudes in order to understand why sport tourists travel to a specific place to attend sport events and why they decide to return to this destination in the future as leisure vacationers. Specifically, the objectives of this research are threefold. Firstly, to identify and examine factors influencing sport tourist’s initial attitude formation towards a specific event-host destination, thereby understanding their initial travel decisions. Secondly, to assess how the actual visit experience of sport tourists contributes to their attitude change towards the destination. Thirdly, to reveal how the sport tourists’ post-visit destination attitude changes over time, thereby understanding the temporal effect of their future revisit decisions. Destination image (DI), a construct normally regarded as interchangeable with destination attitude, is adopted to operationalise the destination attitude of sport tourists because of its longstanding popularity in tourism research. Moreover, a tripartite attitudinal perspective was utilised to examine how the three components of DI (i.e., cognition, affect, and conation) change when the overall DI undergoes a change. The Psychological Continuum Model (PCM) provides the theoretical framework to guide this investigation. Combining the staged decision-making process model and the literature of DI formation and change with the hierarchical PCM provides the rationale for the conceptual model of this study.

Research has lead to a proliferation of multi-attribute scales to understand the motives for sport event attendance. The large number of potential motives, coupled with the long questionnaires needed to measure them, creates challenges for sport marketing research in natural populations. This research brings parsimony to the study of sport consumer behaviour by developing and testing a core set of five SportWay facets of motivation. Results provide guidance to sport marketing professionals and academics in survey development decisions related to selecting the most appropriate motives and items.

Full Text, Thesis (PhD Doctorate), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Department of Tourism, Leisure, Hotel and Sport Management, Griffith Business School, Charity sport events have emerged as widespread and critical fundraising mechanisms for charitable organisations. This research examines the meaning participants hold for charity sport events, and the factors that underlie this meaning. The growth in popularity of charity sport events has resulted from the popularity of sport; an overall increase in giving to charity, including record highs in individual donations; and a post-materialist shift in consumer attitudes towards the products and services with which they align. As charity sport events continue to grow, challenges emerge for sport and event managers to develop sustainable events from which participants can derive not only enjoyment, but meaning. The purpose of this research is to delve into the meaning participants hold for charity sport events through an examination of participant attachment to the event, and the factors and processes that contribute to this meaning. In making this examination, the Psychological Continuum Model (PCM) is employed as the theoretical framework as it is adaptive to different contexts, stage-based, and accounts for attitudinal change across these stages. The PCM suggests three processes facilitate movement up and down among the stages of awareness, attraction, attachment, and allegiance. Prominent within this framework, a discussion of attachment suggests that the outcomes satisfied at the attraction level may align with an individual’s values. This alignment then leads to the event taking on emotional, symbolic, and functional meaning. This research advances recreation motives and motives for charitable giving as needs satisfied and benefits obtained through charity sport event participation. These motives interact with one another, as well as with values, leading to attachment to the event. This research determined the relative influence of these motives and values, while exploring their interaction. To make this determination, five studies were conducted. First, Study 1 invo

Research has lead to a proliferation of multi-attribute scales to understand the motives for sport event attendance. The large number of potential motives, coupled with the long questionnaires needed to measure them, creates challenges for sport marketing research in natural populations. This research brings parsimony to the study of sport consumer behaviour by developing and testing a core set of five SportWay facets of motivation. Results provide guidance to sport marketing professionals and academics in survey development decisions related to selecting the most appropriate motives and items.

Charity sport events have emerged as widespread and critical fundraising mechanisms for charitable organisations. This research examines the meaning participants hold for charity sport events, and the factors that underlie this meaning. The growth in popularity of charity sport events has resulted from the popularity of sport; an overall increase in giving to charity, including record highs in individual donations; and a post-materialist shift in consumer attitudes towards the products and services with which they align. As charity sport events continue to grow, challenges emerge for sport and event managers to develop sustainable events from which participants can derive not only enjoyment, but meaning. The purpose of this research is to delve into the meaning participants hold for charity sport events through an examination of participant attachment to the event, and the factors and processes that contribute to this meaning. In making this examination, the Psychological Continuum Model (PCM) is employed as the theoretical framework as it is adaptive to different contexts, stage-based, and accounts for attitudinal change across these stages. The PCM suggests three processes facilitate movement up and down among the stages of awareness, attraction, attachment, and allegiance. Prominent within this framework, a discussion of attachment suggests that the outcomes satisfied at the attraction level may align with an individual’s values. This alignment then leads to the event taking on emotional, symbolic, and functional meaning. This research advances recreation motives and motives for charitable giving as needs satisfied and benefits obtained through charity sport event participation. These motives interact with one another, as well as with values, leading to attachment to the event. This research determined the relative influence of these motives and values, while exploring their interaction. To make this determination, five studies were conducted. First, Study 1 invo, Thesis (PhD Doctorate), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Department of Tourism, Leisure, Hotel and Sport Management, Griffith Business School, Full Text

Demonstrating socially responsible behaviour has become increasingly important for corporations. Using the Psychological Continuum Model (PCM) as its theoretical framework, this paper examines the meditational role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the relationship between sport participation motivation, event attachment and purchase intent of a sport event’s sponsors’ products. A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of sport event participants (N=689) to measure sport participation motivation (recreation and charity), attachment to the event, CSR, and purchase intent of sponsors’ products. Results reveal that CSR fully mediates the link between purchase intent and sport participation motivation and partially mediates the influence of attachment on purchase intent. The authors propose that corporations strategically align with sport events in which participants are attached to allow for CSR and the meaning elicited by the event to work jointly.