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The relevance of the present study lies in improving the training of future teachers, an issue of particular importance during a pandemic. The authors aim to identify the level of professional expectations of future teachers and determine the necessary conditions for them to be upgraded. Study objective: The study was focused on evaluating the level of professional expectations of future teachers (PEFT) and revealing conditions catering for its improvement. Methodology: Both theoretical and empirical methods were used in the study: based on literature review the authors compiled PEFT components (motivational, emotional, cognitive, and value-semantic) and the substantial characteristics of these components were listed. In accordance with the selected components, a questionnaire was designed to identify the actual level of professional expectations among students. The experiment results were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Experiment results: The study reveals the role of professional expectations in raising the efficiency of teachers' professional activities. PEFT components and substantial features have been established. Recommendations are provided to elicit positive PEFT formation using the University educational environment. The practical implications of the study: The nuances of professional expectations development among future teachers have been identified. When organizing professional education, these nuances should be considered for increased effectiveness and for greater success of graduates in their professional activities.

Digital readiness is the most important prerequisite for the implementation of digital transformations of an industrial enterprise. The study of the level of digital readiness for smart development is of particular importance for machine-building enterprises, since in modern conditions of sanctions, the domestic machine-building complex producing industrial goods can become a driver for the innovative development of the entire Russian economy. Management decision-making, adopting a digital transformation strategy and improvement of the production are based on an assessment of the current state of the country, region and the enterprise under study. The purpose of this article is to develop a methodology for assessing the level of digital readiness of an industrial enterprise for smart development. The proposed assessment tools are based on the definition of the digital readiness index, determined on the basis of weighted averages of indicators of digital development at different management levels. To achieve this goal, we reviewed theoretical and methodological studies of smart industrial development, formed conditions and criteria for the transition to a smart enterprise, analyzed statistical data on the digital development of the country and the region, identified the values of qualitative indicators characterizing the digital development of the enterprise by the method of expert assessments. The authors proposed "Digital Readiness Index" as an indicator that allows assessing the current level of enterprise development, taking into account country and regional features of digital transformation. The peculiarity of the authors' methodology is to take into account the complex impact of macro-, meso- and micro-level factors on the digital readiness of the enterprise. The approbation of the developed tools, carried out on the example of the machine-building enterprise Klever JSC, demonstrated the possibility of its application to assess the digital readiness of an industrial company for smart development. The level of digital readiness of the enterprise as a result of using the tools is expressed as a fraction of the maximum possible value in the existing unchanged conditions of the country and region. The findings have important managerial implications, since they emphasize the need to support the processes of digital transformation at all levels of management, identify the strengths and weaknesses of each level, and allow a systematic review of the digital readiness of the enterprise.

The etiological factor in the occurrence of endometritis should be considered pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora that penetrates into the uterus if the rules of asepsis and antiseptics are not followed. Bacterial contamination of the uterine cavity occurs more often in cows after calving or artificial insemination. The presence of clinical endometritis depends on the balance between microbes, the body’s resistance and a number of other factors. To study the uterine contents in endometritis in cows, the samples of N.A. Flegmatov, V.S. were used. Dyudenko and Katerinova, as well as the species composition of microorganisms and their sensitivity to antibiotics were determined by the disco diffusion method. The results of the research showed that the microflora of the contents of the uterus is mainly represented by bacteria of the E. coli group, opportunistic microflora and pathogenic fungi more sensitive to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin.

Odd-hydrogen (HO |$_\mathrm{x}$|⁠) species have a crucial role in regulating the chemistry of the atmosphere of Mars and are important to understand some of the most fundamental aspects regarding its atmospheric composition such as the long-term stability of CO |$_2$|⁠. Despite the key role of these species for our understanding of the Martian photochemistry, there is little observational evidence constraining their abundances. In this study, we use infrared solar occultation observations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite aboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter to search for spectral signatures of HO |$_2$| in the atmosphere of Mars. In our analysis of the data, we retrieve vertical profiles of pressure, temperature, and water vapour mixing ratio, but are unable to confidently detect the presence of HO |$_2$| features in the spectra. We report upper limits of 15 ppbv (5 |$\sigma$|⁠), which represents an order of magnitude improvement with respect to previous investigations. Comparing the derived upper limits with the expectations from 3-dimensional Global Climate Models, we find that approximately an order of magnitude improvement in the instrument sensitivity would be required to detect this molecule and/or constrain the models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two series of iron-containing solid solutions Bi2Mg1−xFexNb2O9+δ and Bi2MgNb2−2xFe2xO9−δ of pyrochlore structure were obtained by the traditional solid phase synthesis method. The electronic state and character of exchange interactions of iron atoms in solid solutions were investigated by methods of magnetic dilution and NEXAFS-spectroscopy. According to X-ray spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility data, iron(III) atoms are distributed mainly in octahedral positions of niobium(V) and in a dominant amount are in the charge state of Fe(III) in the form of monomers and exchange-bonded clusters mainly with antiferromagnetic type of exchange. Differences in magnetic behavior of iron-containing solid solutions of both series have been revealed. Antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic exchange can be realized between iron atoms, which, with increasing concentration of paramagnetic atoms and averaging structure distortions, becomes less significant. The parameters of exchange interactions in clusters and distribution of iron paramagnetic atoms depending on the concentration of solid solutions have been calculated.

A series of mixed copper (II)—zinc oxide catalysts supported on unmodified and ceria-modified silica supports were synthesized using β-cyclodextrin as a template. The novelty of this work lies in the use of cyclosextrins for the template synthesis of catalyst supports. The obtained samples were analyzed by XRD, SEM-EDX, low-temperature nitrogen physisorption, XPS, and EPR. The magnetic properties of the catalysts were also measured. The thermal decomposition of precursors was analyzed by TGA combined with mass-spectrometric analysis of the evolved gases. The effects of the support pore size, the nature of the active phase and its loading, as well as the sequence of component deposition on the catalyst performance in the CO2 conversion to methanol were studied. The catalysts with cerium added at the gelation stage demonstrated the best performance. The selectivity of these samples reaches values of more than 90% over a fairly ide temperature range, with the productivity reaching 480 g/kg cat·h at 300 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of methane on Mars has been interpreted as indicating that geochemical or biotic activities could persist on Mars today.sup.1. A number of different measurements of methane show evidence of transient, locally elevated methane concentrations and seasonal variations in background methane concentrations.sup.2-5. These measurements, however, are difficult to reconcile with our current understanding of the chemistry and physics of the Martian atmosphere.sup.6,7, which--given methane's lifetime of several centuries--predicts an even, well mixed distribution of methane.sup.1,6,8. Here we report highly sensitive measurements of the atmosphere of Mars in an attempt to detect methane, using the ACS and NOMAD instruments onboard the ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter from April to August 2018. We did not detect any methane over a range of latitudes in both hemispheres, obtaining an upper limit for methane of about 0.05 parts per billion by volume, which is 10 to 100 times lower than previously reported positive detections.sup.2,4. We suggest that reconciliation between the present findings and the background methane concentrations found in the Gale crater.sup.4 would require an unknown process that can rapidly remove or sequester methane from the lower atmosphere before it spreads globally. Highly sensitive measurements of the atmosphere of Mars with the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter do not detect any methane over a range of latitudes in both hemispheres, in contrast to previous local or remote detections., Author(s): Oleg Korablev [sup.1] , Ann Carine Vandaele [sup.2] , Franck Montmessin [sup.3] , Anna A. Fedorova [sup.1] , Alexander Trokhimovskiy [sup.1] , François Forget [sup.4] , Franck Lefèvre [sup.3] [...]

This study aims to improve properties of Ultem® polyetherimide (PEI) by incorporating up to 2 wt% additives of the perovskite oxide La0.85Yb0.15AlO3 (LYA). The structure of dense PEI/LYA films was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with an analysis of their elemental composition using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The PEI/LYA films exhibit a two-layer structure. Contact angle measurements revealed hydrophilization of the membrane surface enriched with the perovskite. The transport properties were tested via gas separation and pervaporation processes. The separation selectivity of He/N2 and O2/N2 gas pairs increased with the growth of the LYA content in the membranes. Pervaporation of a methanol(MeOH)–cyclohexane(CH) mixture was effective due to the high sorption of MeOH in the PEI/LYA membranes. The maximal pervaporation separation index was found for the PEI/LYA(2%) membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammasomes activate caspase-1 for processing and secretion of the cytokines interleukin-1[beta] (IL-1[beta]) and IL-18. Cryopyrin/NALP3/NLRP3 is an essential component of inflammasomes triggered by microbial ligands, danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and crystals. Inappropriate Cryopyrin activity has been incriminated in the pathogenesis of gouty arthritis, Alzheimer's, and silicosis. Therefore, inhibitors of the Nalp3 inflammasome offer considerable therapeutic promise. In this study, we show that the type 2 diabetes drug glyburide prevented activation of the Cryopyrin inflammasome. Glyburide's cyclohexylurea group, which binds to adenosine triphosphatase (ATP)--sensitive [K.sup.+] ([K.sub.ATP]) channels for insulin secretion, is dispensable for inflammasome inhibition. Macrophages lacking KATp subunits or ATP-binding cassette transporters also activate the Cryopyrin inflammasome normally. Glyburide analogues inhibit ATP- but not hypothermia-induced IL-1[beta] secretion from human monocytes expressing familial cold-associated autoinflammatory syndrome-associated Cryopyrin mutations, thus suggesting that inhibition occurs upstream of Cryopyrin. Concurrent with the role of Cryopyrin in endotoxemia, glyburide significantly delays lipopolysaccharide-induced lethality in mice. Therefore, glyburide is the first identified compound to prevent Cryopyrin activation and microbial ligand-, DAMP-, and crystal-induced IL-1[beta] secretion.