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The prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has increased in the last 2 decades. For the treatment of this disease, various herbal anticancer agents have been introduced. In this study, for the first time, we analyzed the apoptotic and cytotoxic effects of herbal plants, including Anacyclus pyrethrum, Terminalia Chebula, and Brassica nigra, in KB cancer cell lines. For analyzing the cytotoxic effects of ethanol extracts, MTT reduction assay was performed in the KB cells. Moreover, the apoptosis-inducing effect of plants on KB cells was assessed using TUNEL and DNA fragmentation assays. The results showed that Anacyclus pyrethrum and Terminalia Chebula extracts significantly inhibited cell viability. TUNEL and DNA fragmentation assays showed that the main mechanism of cell death was apoptosis induction by Anacyclus pyrethrum and Terminalia Chebula extracts. Our results suggest that these ethanol extracts may contain bioactive constituents, which can be helpful in OSCC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. HESA-A has herbal and marine bases, containing minerals and rare elements such as Zr, Cr, Ga, Mn, Mg, Ca, Sr, Cu, Ti, etc. Its mechanism of action includes antioxidant, antiinflammatory and adjustment of the immune system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of HESA-A systemic drug on expression of cyclin D1, EGFR and Ecadherin in induced tongue dysplasia in rats. Methods. In this experimental study, the effects of the systemic drug HESA-A on the expression of cyclin D1, EGFR, and E-cadherin molecular markers were examined in induced tongue dysplasia in rats. Results. The incidence rate of cyclin D1 in groups receiving HESA-A was lower than the group that did not receive the drug (77.78% in the 0.5% range versus 77.78% in the 5.50% range). In the case of expression of E -cadherin in group D, which did not receive HESA-A, a decrease was observed in the expression of this cell adhesion marker as compared to the other two groups. The incidence of E-cadherin was dependent on HESA-A dose, while with 500 mg/kg it was higher than other groups (>75% in 55.55% versus >75% in 11.11%). Concerning the incidence of EGFR in all the three groups most cases were grade 0. Conclusion. The results of the present research indicated that considering changes in the expression of cyclin D1 and Ecadherin markers in groups treated with HESA-A, HESA-AR has preventive effects on development of cancer in dysplastic lesions through regulation of expression of these molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims. A correct diagnosis is the most important step in the treatment of oral lesions and each oral lesion has specific clinical features that provide clinical diagnosis; however, some of these features are common among different lesions. In these situations, biopsy and histopathological examination are indicated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between clinical and histopathological diagnosis of patients referred to the Department of Oral Pathology, Tabriz Faculty of Dentistry, from 2009 to 2011. Materials and methods. In this retrospective study, individual data and clinical findings of 311 patients who had been referred to the Department of Oral Pathology during a three-year period were collected through questionnaires and compared with histopathological reports. Data were analyzed by using chi-squared and Fisher's tests. Results. In 80.7% of the cases the clinical diagnosis of the lesions was consistent with pathology reports. In 19.3% of the cases, the clinical diagnosis of the lesions was not confirmed histopathologically. The greatest consistency was observed for lichen planus (100%) and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (epulis fissuratum) (94.3%). Conclusion. Although great consistency rates were observed in this study between clinical diagnoses and pathology reports, there was also a significant disagreement with the literature, indicating that comprehensive clinical examination, high consistency with oral lesion features and effective cooperation between surgeons and pathologists are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of serum vitamin D with ICU length of stay, mortality rate, length of mechanical ventilation, and incidence of sepsis. We conducted a descriptive analytic study on 793 patients admitted to surgical ICU wards in northwest of Iran from March 2015 to March 2016. Patients were assessed during the ICU stay and the following data were collected: Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), APACHE II score, incidence of sepsis, duration of mechanical ventilation, LoS, mortality rate, and laboratory data (such as serum vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, etc). The effect of vitamin D deficiency and the confounding factors on length of stay was assessed using the multinomial regression. Of 793 patients, 161 patients (20.3%) were in vitamin D deficiency group, 306 (38.6%) in vitamin D insufficiency group, 326 (41.1%) in vitamin D sufficiency group. Vitamin D deficiency increased risk of sepsis (OR = 22.93; 95%CI: 10.631-49.78) and mortality rate (OR = 42.93; 95%CI: 15.2-121.22). Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is a result of chronic and severe comorbidities of patients and can be considered as a helper but not a real risk factor for mortality and its level should be assessed in surgical critically ill patients. The way that various levels of vitamin D impact outcome in critically ill patients remains to be elucidated and further multi-center trials are needed to validate our results.