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1. Anisotropic Durgapal-Fuloria Neutron Stars in $f(\mathcal{R},\mathrm{T}^{2})$ Gravity

Author

Naseer, Tayyab, Sharif, M., Manzoor, Sana, and Fatima, Arooj

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

The main purpose of this paper is to obtain physically stable stellar models coupled with anisotropic matter distribution in the context of $f(\mathcal{R},\mathrm{T}^{2})$ theory. For this, we consider a static spherical geometry and formulate modified field equations containing various unknowns such as matter determinants and metric potentials. We then obtain a unique solution to these equations by employing Durgapal-Fuloria ansatz possessing a constant doublet. We also use matching criteria to calculate the values of these constants by considering the Schwarzschild exterior spacetime. Two different viable models of this modified theory are adopted to analyze the behavior of effective matter variables, anisotropy, energy conditions, compactness and redshift in the interiors of Her X-1, PSR J0348-0432, LMC X-4, SMC X-1, Cen X-3, and SAX J 1808.4-3658 star candidates. We also check the stability of these models by using three different physical tests. It is concluded that our considered stars satisfy all the physical requirements and are stable in this modified gravity for the considered parametric values., Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures

Published
2024
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4. Impact of Charge on Traversable Wormhole Solutions in $f(R,T)$ Theory

Author

Sharif, M. and Fatima, Arooj

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

This paper examines the effects of charge on traversable wormhole structure in $f(R,T)$ theory. For this purpose, we use the embedding class-I approach to build a wormhole shape function from the static spherically symmetric spacetime. The developed shape function satisfies all the required conditions and connects two asymptotically flat regions of spacetime. We consider different models of this modified theory to examine the traversable wormhole solutions through null energy condition and also check their stable state. We conclude that viable and stable wormhole solutions are obtained under the influence of charge in this gravitational theory., Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures

Published
2023

5. Traversable Wormhole Solutions admitting Karmarkar Condition in $f(R,T)$ Theory

Author

Sharif, M. and Fatima, Arooj

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

In this paper, we evaluate traversable wormhole solutions through Karmarkar condition in $f(R,T)$ theory, where $T$ is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor and $R$ represents the Ricci scalar. We develop a wormhole shape function for the static traversable wormhole geometry by using the embedding class-I technique. The resulting shape function is used to construct wormhole geometry that fulfills all the necessary conditions and joins the two asymptotically flat regions of the spacetime. We investigate the existence of viable traversable wormhole solutions for anisotropic matter configuration and examine the stable state of these solutions for different $f(R,T)$ gravity models. We analyze the graphical behavior of null energy bound to examine the presence of physically viable wormhole geometry. It is found that viable and stable traversable wormhole solutions exist in this modified theory of gravity., Comment: 25 pages, 7 figures

Published
2023

12. Enhanced electrochemical performance of NbSe2/rGO nanocomposite for oxygen evolution reaction (OER).

Author

Fatima, Arooj, Alotaibi, B. M., Alrowaily, Albandari W., Alyousef, Haifa A., Dahshan, A., and Henaish, A. M. A.

Abstract

Globally, there are significant concerns about the steadily rising energy demand and depletion of conservative fuels. Water electrolysis provides hydrogen and oxygen, which can be used as a fuel with a highest energy conversion efficiency and gravimetric energy density. In future, hydrogen fuel will take the place of conventional fossil fuels, which are polluting the environment. For a greater range of energy generation devices, the highly appropriate, affordable electrocatalyst for OER is significant. In present work, a NbSe2/rGO nanocomposite was fabricated via hydrothermal process for OER electrochemical studies under 1.0 M KOH. The fabricated materials were verified by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray. Because of its distinct shape, nanocomposite has more surface area, which results in more active pores with lots of potential for transfer of charge and prolonged material stability. The surface area of NbSe2/rGO nanocomposite determined through BET was 51 m2/g, i.e., higher than that of NbSe2, thus providing greater number of active sites for OER performance. The electrocatalytic performance results represented that pure NbSe2 nanosheets revealed a higher Tafel slope (51 mV/dec), conversely, NbSe2/rGO nanocomposite represented lower Tafel slope (36 mV/dec) respectively and efficient durability for 60 h with minor alternation in current density for long time period. As a consequence, the created nanocomposite proves to be an effective electrocatalyst for OER and energy conversion applications. Highlights: The NbSe2/rGO nanocomposite was prepared with the help of Hydrothermal technique. The Bruner–Emmett–Teller (BET) results showed large number of active pores and big surface area. The electrochemical testing of nanocomposite was performed via using 1.0 M KOH alkaline medium using 3 electrode system. The electrochemical results of NbSe2/rGO nanocomposite were acquired for efficient OER process. The electrocatalytic results showed that NbSe2/rGO nanocomposite possessed Overpotential 199 mV and Tafel slope 36 mV/dec. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. An integrated architecture for semantic search

Author

Fatima, Arooj

Subjects
006.3
Abstract

Linked Open Datasets are one solution to the problem of presenting data in a structured and meaningful manner such that software agents can search, reason with and manipulate this data based on an understanding of its semantics. Accessing structured data from Linked Open Datasets currently requires the use of formal query languages (such as SPARQL) which poses significant difficulties for the end users. One way to solve this problem is to provide a Natural Language Interface (NLI) to query semantic data. The author undertook a comprehensive literature survey of existing semantic search tools and performed a critical analysis to identify their strengths and weaknesses. Although some of the existing tools support natural language, they are limited in their techniques for query processing, result ranking, result readability and ease of integration with other search tools. Based upon this analysis, this research proposes a new architecture framework called SIRF (Semantic Information Retrieval Framework) for semantic search to address these shortcomings. This thesis provides a complete overview of the proposed framework, including: the research challenges it addresses; its architecture; the techniques to map user queries to SPARQL queries and to rank domains based on ontology concepts; and the evaluation of the proposed system through a prototype. Evaluation of the prototype demonstrated the validity of the approach. However the quality of resulting queries (and consequently retrieved answers) depended upon the accuracy of the NLP parsers invoked by the prototype. Syntactically well structured NL queries were correctly parsed, yielding better formed SPARQL queries. Less structured NL queries performed poorly. As the framework is not tied to any particular parser, result quality can be improved by utilising better parsers as they become available. The author believes that this work can be employed by a variety of end-user applications that wish to utilise structured data.

Published
2016

16. The Complementary Roles of Neurological and Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy and Regenerative Medicine: A Comprehensive Review.

Author

Mureed, Maryam, Fatima, Arooj, Sattar, Tayyaba, Aiman Batool, Syeda, Zahid, Ambreen, Usman Khan, Haleema, Shahid, Hamna, Nasir, Saba, Yizdin, Mehsn, Tehmahb, Elih, and Tebyaniyan, Hamid

Subjects
REGENERATIVE medicine, PHYSICAL therapy, STEM cell treatment, PLATELET-rich plasma, TISSUE engineering
Abstract

Regenerative medicine, encompassing various therapeutic approaches aimed at tissue repair and regeneration, has emerged as a promising field in the realm of physical therapy. Aim: This comprehensive review seeks to explore the evolving role of regenerative medicine within the domain of physical therapy, highlighting its potential applications, challenges, and current trends. Researchers selected publications of pertinent studies from 2015 to 2024 and performed an exhaustive review of electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar using the targeted keywords "regenerative medicine", "rehabilitation", "tissue repair", and "physical therapy" to screen applicable studies according to preset parameters for eligibility, then compiled key insights from the extracted data. Several regenerative medicine methods that are applied in physical therapy, in particular, stem cell therapy, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), tissue engineering, and growth factor treatments, were analyzed in this research study. The corresponding efficacy of these methods in the recovery process were also elaborated, including a discussion on facilitating tissue repair, alleviating pain, and improving functional restoration. Additionally, this review reports the challenges concerning regenerative therapies, among them the standardization of protocols, safety concerns, and ethical issues. Regenerative medicine bears considerable potential as an adjunctive therapy in physiotherapy, providing new pathways for improving tissue repair and functional results. Although significant strides have been made in interpreting the potential of regenerative techniques, further research is warranted to enhance protocols, establish safety profiles, and increase access and availability. Merging regenerative medicine into the structure of physical therapy indicates a transformative alteration in clinical practice, with the benefit of increasing patient care and improving long-term results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Integrated application of metal tolerant P. fluorescens and press mud for conferring heavy metal tolerance to aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis)

Author

Fatima, Arooj, primary, Shabaan, Muhammad, additional, Ali, Qasim, additional, Malik, Mehreen, additional, Asghar, Hafiz Naeem, additional, Aslam, Muneeb, additional, Zulfiqar, Usman, additional, Hameed, Ashir, additional, Nazim, Muhammad, additional, Mustafa, Abd El-Zaher M.A., additional, and Elshikh, Mohamed S, additional

Published
2023
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21. Home and Community-Based Physical Therapist Management of Adults With Post-Intensive Care Syndrome

Author

Smith, James M., Lee, Alan C., Zeleznik, Hallie, Scott, Jacqueline P. Coffey, Fatima, Arooj, Needham, Dale M., and Ohtake, Patricia J.

Subjects
Home care, Mental health, COVID-19, Adults, Health
Abstract

More than 4 million adults survive a stay in the intensive care unit each year, with many experiencing new or worsening physical disability, mental health problems, and/or cognitive impairments, known as post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). Given the prevalence and magnitude of physical impairments after critical illness, many survivors, including those recovering from COVID-19, could benefit from physical therapist services after hospital discharge. However, due to the relatively recent recognition and characterization of PICS, there may be limited awareness and understanding of PICS among physical therapists practicing in home health care and community-based settings. This lack of awareness may lead to inappropriate and/or inadequate rehabilitation service provision. While this perspective article provides information relevant to all physical therapists, it is aimed toward those providing rehabilitation services outside of the acute and postacute inpatient settings. This article reports the prevalence and clinical presentation of PICS and provides recommendations for physical examination and outcomes measures, plan of care, and intervention strategies. The importance of providing patient and family education, coordinating community resources including referring to other health care team members, and community-based rehabilitation service options is emphasized. Finally, this perspective article discusses current challenges for optimizing outcomes for people with PICS and suggests future directions for research and practice., Each year, more than 4 million adults survive a stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), with most experiencing aspects of post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). (1) Particularly relevant for physical [...]

Published
2020
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24. Microfluidic Fabrication and Applications of Microgels and Hybrid Microgels

Author

Farooqi, Zahoor H., Vladisavljević, Goran T., Pamme, Nicole, Fatima, Arooj, Begum, Robina, Irfan, Ahmad, Chen, Minjun, Farooqi, Zahoor H., Vladisavljević, Goran T., Pamme, Nicole, Fatima, Arooj, Begum, Robina, Irfan, Ahmad, and Chen, Minjun

Abstract

Smart microgels have gained much attention because of their wide range of applications in the field of biomedical, environmental, nanotechnological and catalysis sciences. Most of the applications of microgels are strongly affected by their morphology, size and size distribution. Various methodologies have been adopted to obtain polymer microgel particles. Droplet microfluidic techniques have been widely reported for the fabrication of highly monodisperse microgel particles to be used for various applications. Monodisperse microgel particles of required size and morphology can be achieved via droplet microfluidic techniques by simple polymerization of monomers in the presence of suitable crosslinker or by gelation of high molecular weight polymers. This report gives recent research progress in fabrication, characterization, properties and applications of microgel particles synthesized by microfluidic methods.

Published
2023
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28. Robust adaptive discrete Newton method for regularization-free Bingham model

Author

Fatima, Arooj, Afaq, Muhammad Aaqib, Turek, Stefan, and Ouazzi, Abderrahim

Subjects
Bingham fluid, FEM, divided difference, regularization-free, viscoplastic fluid, discrete Newto method
Abstract

Developing a numerical and algorithmic tool which accurately detects unyielded regions in yield stress fluid flow is a difficult endeavor. To address these issues, two common approaches are used to handle singular behaviour at the yield surface, i.e. the augmented Lagrangian approach and the regularization approach. Generally, solvers do not operate effectively when the regularization parameter is very small in the regularization approach. In this work, we use a formulation involving a new auxiliary stress tensor, wherein the three-field formulation is equivalent to a regularization-free Bingham formulation. Additionally, a monolithic finite element method is employed to solve the set of equations resulting from the three-field formulation accurately and effciently, where the velocity, pressure fields are discretized by the higherorder stable FEM pair Q2=Pdisc1 and the auxiliary stress is discretized by the Q2 element. Furthermore, this article presents a novel adaptive discrete Newton method for solving highly nonlinear problems, which exploits the divided difference approach for evaluating the Jacobian. The step size of the solver is dynamically adjusted according to the rate of nonlinear reduction, enabling a robust and efficient approach. Numerical studies of several prototypical Bingham fluid configurations ("viscoplastic fluid flow in a channel", "lid driven cavity" and "rotational Bingham flow in a square reservoir") are used to analyse the performance of this method., Ergebnisberichte des Instituts für Angewandte Mathematik;661

Published
2023
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30. Robust Monolithic Multigrid FEM Solver for Three Field Formulation of Incompressible Flow Problems

Author

Afaq, Muhammad Aaqib, Fatima, Arooj, Turek, Stefan, and Ouazzi, Abderrahim

Subjects
finite element method, Babuska-Brezzi conditions, Navier-Stokes equations, edge oriented stabilization
Abstract

Numerical simulation of three field formulations of incompressible flow problems is of interest for many industrial applications, for instance macroscopic modeling of Bing-ham, viscoelastic and multiphase flows, which usually consists in supplementing the mass and momentum equations with a differential constitutive equation for the stress field. The variational formulation rising from such continuum mechanics problems leads to a three field formulation with saddle point structure. The solvability of the problem requires different compatibility conditions (LBB conditions) [1] to be satisfied. Moreover, these constraints over the choice of the spaces may conflict/challenge the robustness and the efficiency of the solver. For illustrating the main points, we will consider the three field formulation of the Navier-Stokes problem in terms of velocity, stress, and pressure. Clearly, the weak form imposes the compatibility constraints over the choice of velocity, stress, and pressure spaces. So far, the velocity-pressure combi-nation took much more attention from the numerical analysis and computational fluid dynamic community, which leads to some best interpolation choices for both accuracy and efficiency, as for instance the combination Q2/P1disc. To maintain the computational advantages of the Navier-Stokes solver in two field formulations, it may be more suitable to have a Q2 interpolation for the stress as well, which is not stable in the absence of pure viscous term [2]. We proceed by adding an edge oriented stabilization to overcome such situation. Furthermore, we show the robustness and the efficiency of the resulting discretization in comparison with the Navier-Stokes solver both in two field as well as in three field formulation in the presence of pure viscous term. Moreover, the benefit of adding the edge oriented finite element stabilization (EOFEM) [3, 4] in the absence of the pure viscous term is tested. The nonlinearity is treated with a Newton-type solver [5] with divided difference evaluation of the Jacobian matrices [6, 7]. The resulting linearized system inside of the outer Newton solver is a typical saddle point problem which is solved using a geometrical multigrid method with Vanka-like smoother [8, 9]. The method is implemented into the FeatFlow [10] software package for the numerical simulation. The stability and robustness of the method is numerically investigated for ”flow around cylinder” benchmark [7, 11]., Ergebnisberichte des Instituts für Angewandte Mathematik;659

Published
2023

31. Correlation of various co-morbidities of COVID-19 patients with persistent COVID-19 PCR positivity: A prospective study at Nishtar Hospital Multan.

Author

Khan, Shahzad Alam, Ramzan, Faisal, Rasheeq, Talha, Khalid, Muhammad, and Fatima, Arooj

Subjects
COVID-19, COMORBIDITY, MYOCARDIAL ischemia, LONGITUDINAL method, OPTIMISM
Abstract

Objective: To investigate the correlation between various co-morbidities of COVID-19 patients with persistent PCR positivity in hospitalized patients. Study Design: Prospective Observational. Setting: Nishtar Medical University, Multan COVID Isolation Wards, and ICU. Period: 15 September 2020 to 14 September 2021. Material & Methods: The study sample included 162 hospitalized patients who underwent COVID-19 PCR testing at admission, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks, and their comorbidities data were collected. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between co-morbidities and COVID-19 PCR positivity. Results: Among 162 patients, seventy-nine (48.8%) were male and the mean age of the patients was 53.46±15.81 years. Out of 162 patients, 70 (43.2%) tested positive for COVID-19, while 92 (56.8%) tested negative. Among 70 patients who had positive PCR, 45(64.28%) patients had prolonged positive PCR (at 4 weeks) and out of 45, 29 (64.45%) again remained positive at 8 weeks. While carrying out the multiple linear regression, the results indicated that the presence of hypertension, diabetes, and lung disease was positively associated with persistent COVID-19 PCR positivity (at 4 and 8 weeks). However, no significant association was found between persistent COVID-19 PCR positivity and liver disease, malignancy, and ischemic heart disease. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of considering co-morbidities like diabetes, hypertension, and lung disease, in predicting persistent COVID-19 PCR positivity in hospitalized patients. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and investigate the underlying mechanisms of these associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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32. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF ASPARAGUS

Author

Nida, Bisma, Rashid, Sidra, Arshad, Hamna, Yaseen, Nimra, Shafqat, Momina, Fatima, Arooj, Humayun, Soha, Arshad, Warda, Sheraz, Minal, Nadeem, Hamna, Qamar, Maham, Sheraz, Mavra, Nida, Bisma, Rashid, Sidra, Arshad, Hamna, Yaseen, Nimra, Shafqat, Momina, Fatima, Arooj, Humayun, Soha, Arshad, Warda, Sheraz, Minal, Nadeem, Hamna, Qamar, Maham, and Sheraz, Mavra

Abstract

Any of a variety (Asparagus) of plants of the lily family, with little, scale like leaves, numerous level or needlelike branches, and whitish blooms, including a few plants having beefy roots and fine fernlike takes offs. Asparagus is one of the best 20 nutriment’s recorded on the Aggregate Nutrient Density Index. It helps in preventing cancer.  Asparagus constitute of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, terpenes, polysaccharides and steroids. Asparagus root extract which contains highest amount of flavonoids, polyphenols and vitamin-C exhibits the greatest antioxidant activity. Asparagus is likewise rich in flavonoid rutin. The polysaccharides in asparagus are additionally imperative to incorporate in cancer prevention.Asparagus contains rich numbers of  B vitamins that helps maintain healthy homocysteine levels. The rich folate present in asparagus helps reduce the risk of low birth weight and birth defects. Asparagus contains a large amount of inulin supplements, a type of complex sugar, ordinarily referred to as prebiotic. It helps in digestion and improves fertility. Asparagus is a vegetable with high cell reinforcement action.Asparagus contains a large amount of inulin supplements, a type of complex sugar.

Published
2022

33. Frequency, Causes and Findings of Brain Computed Tomography Scan at University of Lahore Teaching Hospital: Frequency, Causes and Findings of Brain Computed Tomography Scan

Author

Akhtar, Hadia, Yousaf Farooq, Syed Muhammad, Shan, Ali, Naeem, Muhammad, Azhar, Ayesha, Sajid Dar, Sawaira, Fayyaz, Zainab, Amjad, Esha, Fatima, Arooj, Muhammad Noor, Hafsa, Akhtar, Hadia, Yousaf Farooq, Syed Muhammad, Shan, Ali, Naeem, Muhammad, Azhar, Ayesha, Sajid Dar, Sawaira, Fayyaz, Zainab, Amjad, Esha, Fatima, Arooj, and Muhammad Noor, Hafsa

Abstract

Cranial computed tomography (CT) is the most generally utilized diagnostic method for the emergent evaluation of head trauma (TBIs) because it is readily accessible, quick, and sensitive for clinically relevant traumatic brain injuries as well as non-traumatic abnormalities. Objective: To determine the frequency, causes, and findings of brain computed tomography scan at The University of Lahore teaching hospital. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted at The University of Lahore Teaching Hospital. A sample of 202 brain CT scans from a total of 933 participants seen in the CT department was obtained using a suitable sampling technique. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0. Results: There were 78 (38.6%) female patients and 124 (61.4%) male patients out of 202 total patients. The mean age of the patients was 47.1± 23 years. The most prevalent of them, brain atrophy, was observed in 63 (31.2%) of the patients. 51 (25.2%) patients had infarction, 36 (17.8%) had sinusitis, 24 (11.9%) had ischemic demyelination, and 16 (7.9%) had fractures and hemorrhages. In 8 (4.0%) patients, mastoiditis, tumors, and carcinoma were reported. 7 patients (3.5%) had cysts, 6 patients (3.0%) reported contusions, and 2 patients (1.0%) had abscesses. Conclusions: According to our research, the vast majority of individuals who underwent CT scans had a history of headache and falls and the most frequent observation in the patients was brain atrophy. Other major findings found were sinusitis and infarction.

Published
2022

34. Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Justice between Political Personality Traits, HR Practices and Career Success of Female Faculty Members of Public Sector Universities in Punjab, Pakistan

Author

Maqsood, Vasia, Fatima, Arooj, shahid, Muhammad Usama, Khan, Quaisar Ijaz, Maqsood, Vasia, Fatima, Arooj, shahid, Muhammad Usama, and Khan, Quaisar Ijaz

Abstract

Purpose: The study emphasized on perceived career success of female faculty members working on the basis of Basic Pay Scale (BPS) in public sector universities of Punjab, Pakistan. Design/Methodology/Approach: A Total of 253 female academicians working in public sector universities had participated in this study. The survey questionnaire was adopted from authentic sources and evaluated for validity and reliability. MPlus software has been used for statistical findings. Findings: It has been estimated statistically that perceived organizational justice has partial mediating effect between political personality traits and perceived career success. Whilst having full mediating relationship between HRM practices and perceived career success of female faculty members. Implications/Originality/Value: It might be concluded that all the public sector universities must follow the same policies and laws but there are some cultural differences. However, federal chartered universities are paying different salaries from the Punjab/provincial chartered universities. It creates disparity amongst the faculty members working in government sector universities. The study highlighted such issues.

Published
2022

35. Extraction of Anthocyanin from Rose Petals for Coloration of Biomordanted Wool Fabric.

Author

Salman, Mahwish, Fazal-ur-Rehman, Adeel, Shahid, Habib, Noman, Batool, Fatima, Usama, Muhammad, Iqbal, Fareeha, and Fatima, Arooj

Subjects
NATURAL dyes & dyeing, WOOL textiles, ANTHOCYANINS, SYNTHETIC textiles, TANNINS, BIOACTIVE compounds, PLANT extracts
Abstract

Natural products have gained worldwide favor due to their sustainable and ayurvedic nature. In this study, rose containing anthocyanin was explored as a source of yellowish–pink natural colorant for wool dyeing using various solvents (aqueous, alkaline, acidic, and basified methanol). Dyeing of wool was performed by optimizing the following parameters: pH, temperature, time, and salt concentration. It was observed that aqueous extract with a pH of 3 employed at 80 °C for 35 min with the addition of 4 g/100 mL salt, acidic extract with a pH of 2 employed at 40 °C for 35 min with the addition of 2 g/100 mL salt, alkaline extract with a pH of 1 employed at 80 °C for 45 min with the addition of 3 g/100 mL salt, and methanolic extract with a pH of 2 employed at 80 °C for 45 min with the addition of 4 g/100 mL salt resulted in high tint (K/S) values. To improve the colorfastness properties, salts of iron (Fe+2), aluminum (Al+3), and tannic acid (Tn) were used as chemical mordant, whereas turmeric and pomegranate were used as biomordants. Iron (Fe+2) and pomegranate resulted in shades with good colorfastness characteristics. The plant extract and dyed fabrics were also evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively, to observe their antibacterial potential. The results indicate that wool fabric dyed with naturally sourced rose petals can be used as valuable antibacterial fabric due to the presence of various bioactive compounds by dissipating the effect of allergy-causing synthetic dyed fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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38. An adaptive discrete Newton method for regularization-free Bingham model

Author

Fatima, Arooj, Turek, Stefan, Ouazzi, Abderrahim, and Afaq, Muhammad Aaqib

Subjects
Bingham fluid, Adaptive Newton's method, FEM, adaptive Newton method, Viscoplastic Fluids, divided difference, Yield stress fluids, Multigrid, Directional divided difference, Regularization-Free
Abstract

[EN] Developing a numerical and algorithmic tool which correctly identifies unyielded regions in yield stress fluid flow is a challenging task. Two approaches are commonly used to handle the singular behaviour at the yield surface, i.e. the Augmented Lagrangian approach and the regularization approach, respectively. Generally in the regularization approach, solvers do not perform efficiently when the regularization parameter gets very small. In this work, we use a formulation introducing a new auxiliary stress. The three field formulation of the yield stress fluid corresponds to a regularization-free Bingham formulation. The resulting set of equations arising from the three field formulation is solved efficiently and accurately by a monolithic finite element method. The velocity and pressure are discretized by the higher order stable FEM pair Q2/Pdisc 1 and the auxiliary stress is discretized by the Q2 element. Furthermore, this problem is highly nonlinear and presents a big challenge to any nonlinear solver. Therefore, we developed a new adaptive discrete Newton method, which evaluates the Jacobian with the divided difference approach. We relate the step length to the rate of the actual nonlinear reduction for achieving a robust adaptive Newton method. We analyse the solvability of the problem along with the adaptive Newton method for Bingham fluids by doing numerical studies for a prototypical configuration ”viscoplastic fluid flow in a channel”., We would like to thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for their financial support under the DFG Priority Program SPP 1962. The authors also acknowledge the support by LS3 and LiDO3 team at ITMC, TU Dortmund University

Published
2022

39. Monolithic Newton-Multigrid Solver for Multiphase Flow Problems with Surface Tension

Author

Afaq, Muhammad Aaqib, Turek, Stefan, Ouazzi, Abderrahim, and Fatima, Arooj

Subjects
Finite element method, multiphase flow, finite element method, cut-off material function, curvature free, Level set method, Multiphase flow, Navier-Stokes equations, level set method, Curvature-free, Cutoff material function
Abstract

[EN] We have developed a monolithic Newton-multigrid solver for multiphase flow problems which solves velocity, pressure and interface position simultaneously. The main idea of our work is based on the formulations discussed in [1], where it points out the feasibility of a fully implicit monolithic solver for multiphase flow problems via two formulations, a curvature-free level set approach and a curvature-free cutoff material function approach. Both formulations are fully implicit and have the advantages of requiring less regularity, since neither normals nor curvature are explicitly calculated, and no capillary time restriction. Furthermore, standard Navier-Stokes solvers might be used, which do not have to take into account inhomogeneous force terms. The reinitialization issue is integrated with a nonlinear terms within the formulations.The nonlinearity is treated with a Newton-type solver with divided difference evaluation of the Jacobian matrices. The resulting linearized system inside of the outer Newton solver is a typical saddle point problem which is solved using the geometrical multigrid with Vanka-like smoother using higher order stable FEM pair $Q_2/P^{\text{disc}}_1$ for velocity and pressure and $Q_2$ for all other variables. The method is implemented into an existing software packages for the numerical simulation of multiphase flows (FeatFlow). The robustness and accuracy of this solver is tested for two different test cases, i.e. static bubble and oscillating bubble, respectively [2]., Muhammad Aaqib Afaq would like to thank Erasmus Mundus INTACT project, funded by the European Union as part of the Erasmus Mundus programme and the National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) for their financial support. The authors also acknowledge the support by LS3 and LiDO3 team at ITMC, TU Dortmund University.

Published
2022
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42. Comparison of didactic lecture with interactive lecture for learning enhancement in third year BDS students at Nishtar Medical University, Multan.

Author

Ashraf, Saima, Khan, Shahzad Alam, Ahmad, Mehboob, Rind, Salahudin Mahmood, Fatima, Arooj, and Safdar, Sohail

Subjects
LECTURE method in teaching, INTERACTIVE learning, LECTURES & lecturing, INSTITUTIONAL review boards, RESPIRATORY organs
Abstract

Objective: To compare didactic lecture with interactive lecture for learning enhancement in third year BDS students at Nishtar Medical University, Multan. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study Setting: Department of Medical Unit-IV, Nishtar Medical University Institutional Review Board. Period: Six weeks from mid of January to end of February 2020. Sample Size: Fifty four BDS students filled the feedback proforma. Material & Methods: The whole class of sixty students was taught respiratory system in medical unit IV by interactive lectures and didactic lectures. Out of 10 lectures in respiratory system, 5 lectures were conducted in interactive style and 5 were conducted in conventional lecture form on alternate basis. Each lecture had duration of one hour. Lectures were made interactive by interposing various activities. After the completion of 10 lectures, feedbacks from students were taken by giving students structured proforma. All the data was analyzed by SPSS version 24. Frequencies (percentages) were calculated for each ordinal data. A p-value was calculated for comparison of didactic lectures with interactive lectures regarding various variables. Results: Out of 54 students 51(94.5%) had given their opinion in favor of interactive lectures. The number of students who either agreed or strongly agreed to interactive lecture technique in comparison to didactic lecture regarding creation of interest, maintain attentiveness, promotion of retention, ease of learning, motivation for self-learning and critical thinking and promotion of classroom collaboration was significantly higher. Conclusion: Interactive lecture proved to be more acceptable and useful than didactic lecture for learning enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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43. Comparison of didactic lecture with interactive lecture for learning enhancement in third year BDS students at Nishtar Medical University, Multan.

Author

Ashraf, Saima, Khan, Shahzad Alam, Ahmad, Mehboob, Rind, Salahudin Mahmood, Fatima, Arooj, and Safdar, Sohail

Subjects
INTERACTIVE learning, LECTURES & lecturing, INSTITUTIONAL review boards, RESPIRATORY organs
Abstract

Objective: To compare didactic lecture with interactive lecture for learning enhancement in third year BDS students at Nishtar Medical University, Multan. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study Setting: Department of Medical Unit-IV, Nishtar Medical University Institutional Review Board. Period: Six weeks from mid of January to end of February 2020. Sample Size: Fifty four BDS students filled the feedback proforma. Material & Methods: The whole class of sixty students was taught respiratory system in medical unit IV by interactive lectures and didactic lectures. Out of 10 lectures in respiratory system, 5 lectures were conducted in interactive style and 5 were conducted in conventional lecture form on alternate basis. Each lecture had duration of one hour. Lectures were made interactive by interposing various activities. After the completion of 10 lectures, feedbacks from students were taken by giving students structured proforma. All the data was analyzed by SPSS version 24. Frequencies (percentages) were calculated for each ordinal data. A p-value was calculated for comparison of didactic lectures with interactive lectures regarding various variables. Results: Out of 54 students 51(94.5%) had given their opinion in favor of interactive lectures. The number of students who either agreed or strongly agreed to interactive lecture technique in comparison to didactic lecture regarding creation of interest, maintain attentiveness, promotion of retention, ease of learning, motivation for self-learning and critical thinking and promotion of classroom collaboration was significantly higher. Conclusion: Interactive lecture proved to be more acceptable and useful than didactic lecture for learning enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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46. Differential Morphophysiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses of Maize Hybrids to Salinity and Alkalinity Stresses

Author

Fatima, Arooj, primary, Hussain, Saddam, additional, Hussain, Sadam, additional, Ali, Basharat, additional, Ashraf, Umair, additional, Zulfiqar, Usman, additional, Aslam, Zubair, additional, Al-Robai, Sami Asir, additional, Alzahrani, Fatima Omari, additional, Hano, Christophe, additional, and El-Esawi, Mohamed A., additional

Published
2021
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48. The Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Knee Injuries in Footballers: MRI Evaluation of Knee Injuries in Footballers

Author

Bisma Haq, Syeda, Ali, Noraiz, Zakir, Muhammad, Yousaf Farooq, Syed Muhammad, Fatima, Arooj, Niaz, Afifa, Murtaza, Zunaira, Chughtai, Zoya Ghaffar, Asif, Rahma, Khan, Shuja Haider, Khaliq, Faisal, Bisma Haq, Syeda, Ali, Noraiz, Zakir, Muhammad, Yousaf Farooq, Syed Muhammad, Fatima, Arooj, Niaz, Afifa, Murtaza, Zunaira, Chughtai, Zoya Ghaffar, Asif, Rahma, Khan, Shuja Haider, and Khaliq, Faisal

Abstract

MRI findings are essential to diagnose the severity of ligament tears in knee injuries in footballers. By using Magnetic Imaging Resonance we can accurately make diagnose and can determine the extent of damage to tissues and ligaments by grading them according to injuries. Objective: The main objective of this study is to determine the MRI findings in patients of knee injuries in football players. MethodS: A multicenter descriptive study conducted at University of Lahore Teaching hospital and National hospital during 4 months period. All symptomatic football players of both genders and age ranging from 16-40 year are included in this study. Our calculated sample size is 80. 1.5T MRI machine used for scans. All images were Proton density and T2 weighted images. Results: This study includes 80 footballers complaining knee pain. Mean age of all subjects was 31.4 +, - 5.7 year. Among 80 patients who had knee injuries, 56 patients (70%) had ACL injuries, 14 patients (17.5%) had PCL injuries, 14 patients (17.5%) had LCL injuries, 8 patients (10%) had MCL injuries, 24 patients (30%) had LM injuries, and 31 patients (38.8%) had MM injuries. Conclusion: MRI is useful imaging modality for the detection of soft tissue injuries most commonly sports injuries. It gives more accurate and detailed information of ligaments and muscle tears than any other modalities. In our study most common injuries that are detected by MRI are ACL tear, bucket handle tear of medial meniscus and MCL injuries. PCL injuries are less common than ACL injuries.

Published
2021

49. Knowledge about evidence based pharmaceutical care in medical and non-medical population of Lahore, Pakistan: Evidence Based Pharmaceutical Care

Author

Sohail, Sundas, Shoukat, Filza, Mukhtar, Aisha, Shoukat, Halima, Fatima, Arooj, Sharif, Faiza, Ahmad, Ashfaq, Gilani, Syed Amir, Sohail, Sundas, Shoukat, Filza, Mukhtar, Aisha, Shoukat, Halima, Fatima, Arooj, Sharif, Faiza, Ahmad, Ashfaq, and Gilani, Syed Amir

Abstract

Pharmaceutical care related services provided by pharmacists in the community are mainly taking patients' medication history, informing patients about use of medications, informing patients about medication storage, and provide information about drug and/or food interaction. Objective: Toevaluate the knowledge about evidence based pharmaceutical care in medical and non-medicalpopulation of Lahore, Pakistan.Methods: A sample of 100 participants was drawn by using non-convenient sampling in this cross-sectional survey. Survey was conducted within the duration of 6 months from 2nd June, 2020 to 15th December, 2020. Data was collected from participants of different universities, societies and hospitals, having age between 25-40 years, both genders without discrimination of profession. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Qualitative data was calculated using frequencies and percentages. Results: In this study 63% medical and 37% non-medical participants respond to questionnaire. About 34% of the population had knowledge about pharmaceutical care. Almost 23%had lack of knowledge about pharmaceutical care while 43%participants did not respond.Conclusions:The knowledge about pharmaceutical care in general community is very vital and pharmacist shouldprovide knowledge and pharmaceutical care services to the patients.

Published
2021

50. Evaluating the efficacy of High-energy Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Aimed at Treating Calcified Shoulder (ESWT-CS): a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial : Efficacy of high-energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy in patients with calcified shoulder

Author

Fatima, Arooj, Sohail, Sundus, Shoukat, Filza, Nasir, Iqbal, Kazmi, Shiza, Fatima, Arooj, Sohail, Sundus, Shoukat, Filza, Nasir, Iqbal, and Kazmi, Shiza

Abstract

Shockwave therapy is a solid scientifically based medical tool used to manage calcified shoulder. This therapy, along with its pros and cons, is paving its way among armamentarium of interventions for musculoskeletal disorders. Objective: To determine efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave therapy on subjective and objective measures in patients with calcified shoulder. Methods: Single-blinded, parallel-group, randomized trial will be conducted on sample of 48 participants recruited through convenient sampling. Patients with calcified shoulder tendinopathy, aged between 30-55 years and both gender will be included. Outcome measures will be numeric pain rating scale, Constant and Murley score, Western Ontario rotator cuff index, shoulder ROM and radiological outcomes. Current study has been initiated in June 2020 till enrollment in December 2020.The quantitative data would present in the form of mean and standard deviation. After fulfilling the parametric assumptions, data will be analyzed using independent sample t-test/Mann Whitney test. Repeated measure ANOVA/Friedman test for pair-wise comparisons for follow-ups will be used to determine the effects of treatment within the groups at baseline, in 6th week and 12th week after commencement of treatment. Discussion: Evidence reported related to shockwave therapy for tendinopathy shows less quality and less number of randomized trials done, with no comparable groups and methodological deficiencies of studies. Trial registration: Approval was obtained from Institutional Review Board Committee (ref: IRB-UOL-FAHS/693/2020). The study was registered on 28th March 2020 in Iranian Registry of Clinical trials (IRCT), its registration reference number is IRCT20200204046373N1 https://irct.ir/trial/45657.

Published
2021

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