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190 results on '"Farley, K. A."'

3. High-precision measurements of krypton and xenon isotopes with a new static-mode Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer

Author

Avice, G., Belousov, A., Farley, K. A., Madzunkov, S. M., Simcic, J., Nikolić, D., Darrach, M. R., and Sotin, C.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Measuring the abundance and isotopic composition of noble gases in planetary atmospheres can answer fundamental questions in cosmochemistry and comparative planetology. However, noble gases are rare elements, a feature making their measurement challenging even on Earth. Furthermore, in space applications, power consumption, volume and mass constraints on spacecraft instrument accommodations require the development of compact innovative instruments able to meet the engineering requirements of the mission while still meeting the science requirements. Here we demonstrate the ability of the quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (QITMS) developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Caltech, Pasadena) to measure low quantities of heavy noble gases (Kr, Xe) in static operating mode and in the absence of a buffer gas such as helium. The sensitivity reaches 1E13 cps Torr-1 (about 1011 cps/Pa) of gas (Kr or Xe). The instrument is able to measure gas in static mode for extended periods of time (up to 48 h) enabling the acquisition of thousands of isotope ratios per measurement. Errors on isotope ratios follow predictions of the counting statistics and the instrument provides reproducible results over several days of measurements. For example, 1.7E-10 Torr (2.3E-8 Pa) of Kr measured continuously for 7 hours yielded a 0.6 permil precision on the 86Kr/84Kr ratio. Measurements of terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples reproduce values from the literature. A compact instrument based upon the QITMS design would have a sensitivity high enough to reach the precision on isotope ratios (e.g. better than 1 percent for 129,131-136Xe/130Xe ratios) necessary for a scientific payload measuring noble gases collected in the Venus atmosphere., Comment: 42 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables

Published
2020
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4. In situ recording of Mars soundscape

Author

Maurice, S., Chide, B., Murdoch, N., Lorenz, R. D., Mimoun, D., Wiens, R. C., Stott, A., Jacob, X., Bertrand, T., Montmessin, F., Lanza, N. L., Alvarez-Llamas, C., Angel, S. M., Aung, M., Balaram, J., Beyssac, O., Cousin, A., Delory, G., Forni, O., Fouchet, T., Gasnault, O., Grip, H., Hecht, M., Hoffman, J., Laserna, J., Lasue, J., Maki, J., McClean, J., Meslin, P.-Y., Le Mouélic, S., Munguira, A., Newman, C. E., Rodríguez Manfredi, J. A., Moros, J., Ollila, A., Pilleri, P., Schröder, S., de la Torre Juárez, M., Tzanetos, T., Stack, K. M., Farley, K., and Williford, K.

Published
2022
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5. Opportunities and constraints of implementing the 3-30-300 rule for urban greening

Author

Owen, D., Fitch, A., Fletcher, D., Knopp, Julius, Levin, G., Farley, K., Banzhaf, Ellen, Zandersen, M., Grandin, G., Jones, L., Owen, D., Fitch, A., Fletcher, D., Knopp, Julius, Levin, G., Farley, K., Banzhaf, Ellen, Zandersen, M., Grandin, G., and Jones, L.

Abstract

Urbanisation and climate change have increased the need for equitable access and visibility of urban green and blue spaces (GBS), to promote the sustainability and resilience of cities and to improve the well-being of their inhabitants. In this paper, we test an implementation of the newly proposed guideline to achieve equitable greening, the 3-30-300 rule, in three European cities: Paris Region (France), Aarhus Municipality (Denmark), and Grad Velika Gorica (Croatia). In this analysis, every residential building should have at least three viewable trees, 30% neighbourhood GBS cover, and a GBS of at least 1 hectare within 300 m. Our results show that none of the cities currently meet any of these three components, and the three cities differed in which rules were most closely met. In our implementation, substantial changes were needed in all cities to meet the guidelines: 12.6% of Paris, 10% of Aarhus, and 18.4% of Velika Gorica’s urban footprint were converted to grass or tree cover, with implications for >100,000 buildings and >900,000 inhabitants. Our study discusses how existing conditions in each city impacted the viability of meeting the rule and proposes key considerations for future implementations of such guidelines, drawing on examples of innovative GBS already implemented globally.

Published
2024

7. Author Correction: In situ recording of Mars soundscape

Author

Maurice, S., Chide, B., Murdoch, N., Lorenz, R. D., Mimoun, D., Wiens, R. C., Stott, A., Jacob, X., Bertrand, T., Montmessin, F., Lanza, N. L., Alvarez-Llamas, C., Angel, S. M., Aung, M., Balaram, J., Beyssac, O., Cousin, A., Delory, G., Forni, O., Fouchet, T., Gasnault, O., Grip, H., Hecht, M., Hoffman, J., Laserna, J., Lasue, J., Maki, J., McClean, J., Meslin, P.-Y., Le Mouélic, S., Munguira, A., Newman, C. E., Rodríguez Manfredi, J. A., Moros, J., Ollila, A., Pilleri, P., Schröder, S., de la Torre Juárez, M., Tzanetos, T., Stack, K. M., Farley, K., and Williford, K.

Published
2022
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10. Samples Collected from the Floor of Jezero Crater with the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover

Author

Simon, J. I., Hickman-Lewis, K., Cohen, B. A., Mayhew, L.E., Shuster, D.L., Debaille, V., Hausrath, E. M., Weiss, B.P., Bosak, T., Zorzano, M.-P., Amundsen, H. E. F., Beegle, L.W., Bell III, J.F., Benison, K. C., Berger, E. L., Beyssac, O., Brown, A.J., Calef, F., Casademont, T. M., Clark, B., Clavé, E., Crumpler, L., Czaja, A. D., Fairén, A. G., Farley, K. A., Flannery, D. T., Fornaro, T., Forni, O., Gómez, F., Goreva, Y., Gorin, A., Hand, K. P., Hamran, S.-E., Henneke, J., Herd, C. D. K., Horgan, B. H. N., Johnson, J. R., Joseph, J., Kronyak, R. E., Madariaga, J. M., Maki, J. N., Mandon, L., McCubbin, F. M., McLennan, S. M., Moeller, R. C., Newman, C. E., Núñez, J. I., Pascuzzo, A. C., Pedersen, D. A., Poggiali, G., Pinet, P., Quantin-Nataf, C., Rice, M., Rice Jr., J. W., Royer, C., Schmidt, M., Sephton, M., Sharma, S., Siljeström, S., Stack, K. M., Steele, A., Sun, V. Z., Udry, A., VanBommel, S., Wadhwa, M., Wiens, R. C., Williams, A. J., Williford, K. H., Simon, J. I., Hickman-Lewis, K., Cohen, B. A., Mayhew, L.E., Shuster, D.L., Debaille, V., Hausrath, E. M., Weiss, B.P., Bosak, T., Zorzano, M.-P., Amundsen, H. E. F., Beegle, L.W., Bell III, J.F., Benison, K. C., Berger, E. L., Beyssac, O., Brown, A.J., Calef, F., Casademont, T. M., Clark, B., Clavé, E., Crumpler, L., Czaja, A. D., Fairén, A. G., Farley, K. A., Flannery, D. T., Fornaro, T., Forni, O., Gómez, F., Goreva, Y., Gorin, A., Hand, K. P., Hamran, S.-E., Henneke, J., Herd, C. D. K., Horgan, B. H. N., Johnson, J. R., Joseph, J., Kronyak, R. E., Madariaga, J. M., Maki, J. N., Mandon, L., McCubbin, F. M., McLennan, S. M., Moeller, R. C., Newman, C. E., Núñez, J. I., Pascuzzo, A. C., Pedersen, D. A., Poggiali, G., Pinet, P., Quantin-Nataf, C., Rice, M., Rice Jr., J. W., Royer, C., Schmidt, M., Sephton, M., Sharma, S., Siljeström, S., Stack, K. M., Steele, A., Sun, V. Z., Udry, A., VanBommel, S., Wadhwa, M., Wiens, R. C., Williams, A. J., and Williford, K. H.

Abstract

The first samples collected by the Mars 2020 mission represent units exposed on the Jezero Crater floor, from the potentially oldest Séítah formation outcrops to the potentially youngest rocks of the heavily cratered Máaz formation. Surface investigations reveal landscape-to-microscopic textural, mineralogical, and geochemical evidence for igneous lithologies, some possibly emplaced as lava flows. The samples contain major rock-forming minerals such as pyroxene, olivine, and feldspar, accessory minerals including oxides and phosphates, and evidence for various degrees of aqueous activity in the form of water-soluble salt, carbonate, sulfate, iron oxide, and iron silicate minerals. Following sample return, the compositions and ages of these variably altered igneous rocks are expected to reveal the geophysical and geochemical nature of the planet’s interior at the time of emplacement, characterize martian magmatism, and place timing constraints on geologic processes, both in Jezero Crater and more widely on Mars. Petrographic observations and geochemical analyses, coupled with geochronology of secondary minerals, can also reveal the timing of aqueous activity as well as constrain the chemical and physical conditions of the environments in which these minerals precipitated, and the nature and composition of organic compounds preserved in association with these phases. Returned samples from these units will help constrain the crater chronology of Mars and the global evolution of the planet’s interior, for understanding the processes that formed Jezero Crater floor units, and for constraining the style and duration of aqueous activity in Jezero Crater, past habitability, and cycling of organic elements in Jezero Crater.

Published
2023

11. Highest terrestrial 3He/4He credibly from the core.

Author

Horton, F., Asimow, P. D., Farley, K. A., Curtice, J., Kurz, M. D., Blusztajn, J., Biasi, J. A., and Boyes, X. M.

Abstract

The observation that many lavas associated with mantle plumes have higher 3He/4He ratios than the upper convecting mantle underpins geophysical, geodynamic and geochemical models of Earth’s deep interior. High 3He/4He ratios are thought to derive from the solar nebula or from solar-wind-irradiated material that became incorporated into Earth during early planetary accretion. Traditionally, this high-3He/4He component has been considered intrinsic to the mantle, having avoided outgassing caused by giant impacts and billions of years of mantle convection1–4. Here we report the highest magmatic 3He/4He ratio(67.2 ± 1.8 times the atmospheric ratio) yet measured in terrestrial igneous rocks, in olivines from Baffin Island lavas. We argue that the extremely high-3He/4He helium in these lavas might derive from Earth’s core5–9. The viability of the core hypothesis relaxes the long-standing constraint—based on noble gases in lavas associated with mantle plumes globally—that volatile elements from the solar nebula have survived in the mantle since the early stages of accretion.Olivines from Baffin Island lavas have the highest magmatic 3He/4He ratio measured so far in terrestrial igneous rocks, indicating that the helium in these lavas might derive from Earth’s core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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13. Composition and density stratification observed by supercam in the first 300 sols in Jezero crater

Author

Wiens, R.C., Udry, A., Mangold, N., Beyssac, O., Quantin, C., Sautter, V., Cousin, A., Brown, A., Bosak, T., Mandon, L., Forni, O., Johnson, J.R., Mclennan, S., Legett, C., Maurice, S., Mayhew, L., Crumpler, L., Anderson, R.B., Clegg, S.M., Ollila, A.M., Hall, J., Meslin, P.-Y., Kah, L.C., Gabriel, T.S.J., Gasda, P., Simon, J.I., Hausrath, E.M., Horgan, B., Poulet, F., Beck, P., Gupta, S., Chide, B., Clavé, E., Connell, S., Dehouck, E., Dromart, G., Fouchet, T., Royer, C., Frydenvang, J., Gasnault, Olivier, Gibbons, E., Kalucha, H., Lanza, N., Lasue, J., Mouelic, S. Le, Leveillé, R., Cloutis, E., Reyes, G. Lopez, Arana, G., Castro, K., Madariaga, J.M., Manrique, J.-A., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P., Laserna, J., Sharma, S.K., Acosta-Maeda, T., Kelly, E., Montmessin, Franck, Fischer, W., Francis, R., Stack, K., Farley, K., Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Plancius Research LLC, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), University of Colorado [Boulder], New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science (NMMNHS), United States Geological Survey (USGS), The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Imperial College London, Université de Bordeaux (UB), University of Winnipeg, Université de Lyon, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], University of Hawaii, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), and pinet, patrick

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], jezero crater, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], perseverance in situ exploration, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], supercam, [SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, mars geology, mineralogy, petrology
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

14. Aqueously altered igneous rocks sampled on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars

Author

Farley, K A, Stack, K M, Shuster, D L, Horgan, B H N, Hurowitz, J A, Tarnas, J D, Simon, J I, Sun, V Z, Scheller, E L, Moore, K R, McLennan, S M, Vasconcelos, P M, Wiens, R C, Treiman, A H, Mayhew, L E, Beyssac, O, Kizovski, T V, Tosca, N J, Williford, K H, Crumpler, L S, Beegle, L W, Bell, J F, Ehlmann, B L, Liu, Y, Maki, J N, Schmidt, M E, Allwood, A C, Amundsen, H E F, Bhartia, R, Bosak, T, Brown, A J, Clark, B C, Cousin, A, Forni, O, Gabriel, T S J, Goreva, Y, Gupta, S, Hamran, S-E, Herd, C D K, Hickman-Lewis, K, Johnson, J R, Kah, L C, Kelemen, P B, Kinch, K B, Mandon, L, Mangold, N, Quantin-Nataf, C, Rice, M S, Russell, P S, Sharma, S K, Siljeström, S, Steele, A, Sullivan, R, Wadhwa, M, Weiss, B P, Williams, A J, Wogsland, B V, Willis, P A, Acosta-Maeda, T A, Beck, P, Benzerara, K, Bernard, S, Burton, A S, Cardarelli, E L, Chide, B, Clavé, E, Cloutis, E A, Cohen, B A, Czaja, A D, Debaille, V, Dehouck, E, Fairén, A G, Flannery, D T, Fleron, S Z, Fouchet, T, Frydenvang, J, Garczynski, B J, Gibbons, E F, Hausrath, E M, Hayes, A G, Henneke, J, Jørgensen, J L, Kelly, E M, Lasue, J, Le Mouélic, S, Madariaga, J M, Maurice, S, Merusi, M, Meslin, P-Y, Milkovich, S M, Million, C C, Moeller, R C, Núñez, J I, Ollila, A M, Paar, G, Paige, D A, Pedersen, D A K, Pilleri, P, Pilorget, C, Pinet, P C, Rice, J W, Royer, C, Sautter, V, Schulte, M, Sephton, M A, Sholes, S F, Spanovich, N, St Clair, M, Tate, C D, Uckert, K, VanBommel, S J, Yanchilina, A G, Zorzano, M-P, Farley, K A, Stack, K M, Shuster, D L, Horgan, B H N, Hurowitz, J A, Tarnas, J D, Simon, J I, Sun, V Z, Scheller, E L, Moore, K R, McLennan, S M, Vasconcelos, P M, Wiens, R C, Treiman, A H, Mayhew, L E, Beyssac, O, Kizovski, T V, Tosca, N J, Williford, K H, Crumpler, L S, Beegle, L W, Bell, J F, Ehlmann, B L, Liu, Y, Maki, J N, Schmidt, M E, Allwood, A C, Amundsen, H E F, Bhartia, R, Bosak, T, Brown, A J, Clark, B C, Cousin, A, Forni, O, Gabriel, T S J, Goreva, Y, Gupta, S, Hamran, S-E, Herd, C D K, Hickman-Lewis, K, Johnson, J R, Kah, L C, Kelemen, P B, Kinch, K B, Mandon, L, Mangold, N, Quantin-Nataf, C, Rice, M S, Russell, P S, Sharma, S K, Siljeström, S, Steele, A, Sullivan, R, Wadhwa, M, Weiss, B P, Williams, A J, Wogsland, B V, Willis, P A, Acosta-Maeda, T A, Beck, P, Benzerara, K, Bernard, S, Burton, A S, Cardarelli, E L, Chide, B, Clavé, E, Cloutis, E A, Cohen, B A, Czaja, A D, Debaille, V, Dehouck, E, Fairén, A G, Flannery, D T, Fleron, S Z, Fouchet, T, Frydenvang, J, Garczynski, B J, Gibbons, E F, Hausrath, E M, Hayes, A G, Henneke, J, Jørgensen, J L, Kelly, E M, Lasue, J, Le Mouélic, S, Madariaga, J M, Maurice, S, Merusi, M, Meslin, P-Y, Milkovich, S M, Million, C C, Moeller, R C, Núñez, J I, Ollila, A M, Paar, G, Paige, D A, Pedersen, D A K, Pilleri, P, Pilorget, C, Pinet, P C, Rice, J W, Royer, C, Sautter, V, Schulte, M, Sephton, M A, Sholes, S F, Spanovich, N, St Clair, M, Tate, C D, Uckert, K, VanBommel, S J, Yanchilina, A G, and Zorzano, M-P

Abstract

The Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater, Mars, to investigate ancient lake and river deposits. We report observations of the crater floor, below the crater’s sedimentary delta, finding the floor consists of igneous rocks altered by water. The lowest exposed unit, informally named Séítah, is a coarsely crystalline olivine-rich rock, which accumulated at the base of a magma body. Fe-Mg carbonates along grain boundaries indicate reactions with CO2-rich water, under water-poor conditions. Overlying Séítah is a unit informally named Máaz, which we interpret as lava flows or the chemical complement to Séítah in a layered igneous body. Voids in these rocks contain sulfates and perchlorates, likely introduced by later near-surface brine evaporation. Core samples of these rocks were stored aboard Perseverance for potential return to Earth.

Published
2022

15. Aqueously altered igneous rocks sampled on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars

Author

Farley, K. A., Stack, K. M., Shuster, D. L., Horgan, B. H. N., Hurowitz, J. A., Tarnas, J. D., Simon, J. I., Sun, V. Z., Scheller, E. L., Moore, K. R., McLennan, S. M., Vasconcelos, P. M., Wiens, R. C., Treiman, A. H., Mayhew, L. E., Beyssac, O., Kizovski, T. V., Tosca, N. J., Williford, K. H., Crumpler, L. S., Beegle, L. W., Bell, J. F., Ehlmann, B. L., Liu, Y., Maki, J. N., Schmidt, M. E., Allwood, A. C., Amundsen, H. E. F., Bhartia, R., Bosak, T., Brown, A. J., Clark, B. C., Cousin, A., Forni, O., Gabriel, T. S. J., Goreva, Y., Gupta, S., Hamran, S.-E., Herd, C. D. K., Hickman-Lewis, K., Johnson, J. R., Kah, L. C., Kelemen, P. B., Kinch, K. B., Mandon, L., Mangold, N., Quantin-Nataf, C., Rice, M. S., Russell, P. S., Sharma, S., Siljeström, S., Steele, A., Sullivan, R., Wadhwa, M., Weiss, B. P., Williams, A. J., Wogsland, B. V., Willis, P. A., Acosta-Maeda, T. A., Beck, P., Benzerara, K., Bernard, S., Burton, A. S., Cardarelli, E. L., Chide, B., Clavé, E., Cloutis, E. A., Cohen, B. A., Czaja, A. D., Debaille, V., Dehouck, E., Fairén, A. G., Flannery, D. T., Fleron, S. Z., Fouchet, T., Frydenvang, J., Garczynski, B. J., Gibbons, E. F., Hausrath, E. M., Hayes, A. G., Henneke, J., Jørgensen, J. L., Kelly, E. M., Lasue, J., Le Mouélic, S., Madariaga, J. M., Maurice, S., Merusi, M., Meslin, P.-Y., Milkovich, S. M., Million, C. C., Moeller, R. C., Nuñez, J. I., Ollila, A. M., Paar, G., Paige, D. A., Pedersen, D. A. K., Pilleri, P., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P. C., Rice, J. W., Royer, C., Sautter, V., Schulte, M., Sephton, M. A., Sharma, S. K., Sholes, S. F., Spanovich, N., Clair, M. St., Tate, C. D., Uckert, K., VanBommel, S. J., Yanchilina, A. G., Zorzano, M.-P., Farley, K. A., Stack, K. M., Shuster, D. L., Horgan, B. H. N., Hurowitz, J. A., Tarnas, J. D., Simon, J. I., Sun, V. Z., Scheller, E. L., Moore, K. R., McLennan, S. M., Vasconcelos, P. M., Wiens, R. C., Treiman, A. H., Mayhew, L. E., Beyssac, O., Kizovski, T. V., Tosca, N. J., Williford, K. H., Crumpler, L. S., Beegle, L. W., Bell, J. F., Ehlmann, B. L., Liu, Y., Maki, J. N., Schmidt, M. E., Allwood, A. C., Amundsen, H. E. F., Bhartia, R., Bosak, T., Brown, A. J., Clark, B. C., Cousin, A., Forni, O., Gabriel, T. S. J., Goreva, Y., Gupta, S., Hamran, S.-E., Herd, C. D. K., Hickman-Lewis, K., Johnson, J. R., Kah, L. C., Kelemen, P. B., Kinch, K. B., Mandon, L., Mangold, N., Quantin-Nataf, C., Rice, M. S., Russell, P. S., Sharma, S., Siljeström, S., Steele, A., Sullivan, R., Wadhwa, M., Weiss, B. P., Williams, A. J., Wogsland, B. V., Willis, P. A., Acosta-Maeda, T. A., Beck, P., Benzerara, K., Bernard, S., Burton, A. S., Cardarelli, E. L., Chide, B., Clavé, E., Cloutis, E. A., Cohen, B. A., Czaja, A. D., Debaille, V., Dehouck, E., Fairén, A. G., Flannery, D. T., Fleron, S. Z., Fouchet, T., Frydenvang, J., Garczynski, B. J., Gibbons, E. F., Hausrath, E. M., Hayes, A. G., Henneke, J., Jørgensen, J. L., Kelly, E. M., Lasue, J., Le Mouélic, S., Madariaga, J. M., Maurice, S., Merusi, M., Meslin, P.-Y., Milkovich, S. M., Million, C. C., Moeller, R. C., Nuñez, J. I., Ollila, A. M., Paar, G., Paige, D. A., Pedersen, D. A. K., Pilleri, P., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P. C., Rice, J. W., Royer, C., Sautter, V., Schulte, M., Sephton, M. A., Sharma, S. K., Sholes, S. F., Spanovich, N., Clair, M. St., Tate, C. D., Uckert, K., VanBommel, S. J., Yanchilina, A. G., and Zorzano, M.-P.

Abstract

The Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater, Mars, to investigate ancient lake and river deposits. We report observations of the crater floor, below the crater's sedimentary delta, finding that the floor consists of igneous rocks altered by water. The lowest exposed unit, informally named Seitah, is a coarsely crystalline olivine-rich rock, which accumulated at the base of a magma body. Magnesium-iron carbonates along grain boundaries indicate reactions with carbon dioxide-rich water under water-poor conditions. Overlying Seitah is a unit informally named Maaz, which we interpret as lava flows or the chemical complement to Seitah in a layered igneous body. Voids in these rocks contain sulfates and perchlorates, likely introduced by later near-surface brine evaporation. Core samples of these rocks have been stored aboard Perseverance for potential return to Earth.

Published
2022

16. In situ recording of Mars soundscape

Author

Farley, K., Williford, K., Farley, K., and Williford, K.

Abstract

Before the Perseverance rover landing, the acoustic environment of Mars was unknown. Models predicted that: (1) atmospheric turbulence changes at centimetre scales or smaller at the point where molecular viscosity converts kinetic energy into heat1, (2) the speed of sound varies at the surface with frequency2,3 and (3) high-frequency waves are strongly attenuated with distance in CO2 (refs. 2–4). However, theoretical models were uncertain because of a lack of experimental data at low pressure and the difficulty to characterize turbulence or attenuation in a closed environment. Here, using Perseverance microphone recordings, we present the first characterization of the acoustic environment on Mars and pressure fluctuations in the audible range and beyond, from 20 Hz to 50 kHz. We find that atmospheric sounds extend measurements of pressure variations down to 1,000 times smaller scales than ever observed before, showing a dissipative regime extending over five orders of magnitude in energy. Using point sources of sound (Ingenuity rotorcraft, laser-induced sparks), we highlight two distinct values for the speed of sound that are about 10 m s−1 apart below and above 240 Hz, a unique characteristic of low-pressure CO2-dominated atmosphere. We also provide the acoustic attenuation with distance above 2 kHz, allowing us to explain the large contribution of the CO2 vibrational relaxation in the audible range. These results establish a ground truth for the modelling of acoustic processes, which is critical for studies in atmospheres such as those of Mars and Venus.

Published
2022

17. Helium and lead isotopes reveal the geochemical geometry of the Samoan plume

Author

Jackson, M. G., Hart, S. R., Konter, J. G., Kurz, M. D., Blusztajn, J., and Farley, K. A.

Subjects
Volcanic hotspots -- Analysis, Volcanic plumes -- Chemical properties -- Analysis, Geochemistry -- Analysis, Isotopes -- Chemical properties -- Analysis, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): M. G. Jackson (corresponding author) [1]; S. R. Hart [2]; J. G. Konter [3]; M. D. Kurz [4]; J. Blusztajn [2]; K. A. Farley [5] Hotspot lavas erupted at [...]

Published
2014
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19. Long-term vegetation-induced goethite and hematite dissolution-reprecipitation along the Brazilian Atlantic margin

Author

Monteiro, H. S., Vasconcelos, P. M., Farley, K. A., Mello, C. L., and Conceição, F. T.

Subjects
Paleontology, Oceanography, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

Distinctive sediments containing mostly quartz, kaolinite, and both detrital and authigenic hematite and goethite blanket ~5000 km of the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio de Janeiro all the way to the mouth of the Amazon River. The sediments represent a significant period of continental erosion followed by renewed weathering. Here we present (U-Th)/He ages of detrital and authigenic goethites and hematites collected from six weathering profiles in Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. Detrital goethites are as old as ~26 Ma and the oldest authigenic hematite is ~20 Ma, suggesting that erosion, transportation, and deposition of the sediments occurred in the 26–20 Ma period. Intense post-depositional weathering and ferruginization of the sediments suggest that precipitation-dissolution-reprecipitation of iron oxides and oxyhydroxides were strongly controlled by biologically driven weathering reactions. (U-Th)/He geochronology of 158 grains of authigenic goethite and hematite precipitated during biologically mediated water-rock interaction yield 137 results in the 5–0.6 Ma period, suggesting that tropical climate and abundant vegetation dominated the coast of Espírito Santo since the Pliocene.

Published
2022
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20. Empirical evidence for cosmogenic ³He production by muons

Author

Larsen, I. J., Farley, K. A., Lamb, M. P., and Pritchard, C. J.

Abstract

Cosmic ray muons penetrate deeply into rock where they interact with atoms to produce cosmogenic nuclides. Incorporation of the muon contribution to the production rates of cosmogenic nuclides increases the accuracy of exposure dates, burial ages, and erosion rates inferred from measured nuclide concentrations. In the absence of empirical evidence, it is generally assumed that muons do not produce ³He, a cosmogenic nuclide commonly used for exposure dating. Here we assess whether muons produce ³He by measuring He isotope concentrations in pyroxene and ilmenite from a ∼300 m deep drill core and other subsurface samples of the mid-Miocene Columbia River Basalt in Washington, USA. ³He concentrations in our samples exhibit an exponential decline with depth with an e-folding length of 32.4 m, which corresponds to an attenuation length for ³He production of 8780 g cm⁻². The deeply penetrating exponential is diagnostic of ³He production by cosmic ray muons. Assuming no erosion, we constrain the minimum surface muonogenic production rate to be 0.23 atom g⁻¹ pyroxene yr⁻¹, whereas when incorporating erosion the production rate is 0.45 atom g⁻¹ pyroxene yr⁻¹. ³He concentrations in samples deeper than ∼100 meters are consistent with model-based estimates of depth-independent nucleogenic production from the capture by ⁶Li of neutrons produced by alpha particle reactions on light elements. Measurements in other subsurface samples indicate that muon-produced ³He is prevalent across the Columbia Plateau. The penetration depth of muonogenic ³He production is substantially deeper, and the ratio of muon- to spallation-produced ³He is substantially lower, than found for other cosmogenic nuclides. Our results provide the first definitive empirical evidence for ³He production by muons, which has several implications for quantifying the timing and rates of Earth surface change and interpreting He isotope ratios. Importantly, despite the low production rates, landforms in the Channeled Scablands, which were formed by incision of the Columbia River Basalt by the late-Pleistocene Missoula floods, have high concentrations of ³He inherited from post-Miocene muon exposure. Hence ³He production by muons must be considered, particularly when dating rapid erosional events in old bedrock. Our findings indicate samples with less than several tens of meters of shielding by overlying rock will contain cosmogenic ³He that elevates ³He/⁴He ratios. Hence caution should be used when using ³He/⁴He ratios from samples at shallower depths to infer mantle sources of basalt.

Published
2021

21. Perseverance rover reveals an ancient delta-lake system and flood deposits at Jezero crater, Mars

Author

Mangold, N., Gupta, S., Gasnault, O., Dromart, G., Tarnas, J. D., Sholes, S. F., Horgan, B., Quantin-Nataf, C., Brown, A. J., Le Mouélic, S., Yingst, R., Bell, J. F., Beyssac, O., Bosak, T., Calef, F., III, Ehlmann, B. L., Farley, K. A., Grotzinger, J. P., Hickman-Lewis, K., Holm-Alwmark, S., Kah, L. C., Martínez-Frías, J., McLennan, S. M., Maurice, S., Nuñez, J. I., Ollila, A. M., Pilleri, P., Rice, J. W., Jr., Rice, M., Simon, J. I., Shuster, D. L., Stack, K. M., Sun, V. Z., Treiman, A. H., Weiss, B. P., Wiens, R. C., Williams, A. J., Williams, N. R., Williford, K. H., Mangold, N., Gupta, S., Gasnault, O., Dromart, G., Tarnas, J. D., Sholes, S. F., Horgan, B., Quantin-Nataf, C., Brown, A. J., Le Mouélic, S., Yingst, R., Bell, J. F., Beyssac, O., Bosak, T., Calef, F., III, Ehlmann, B. L., Farley, K. A., Grotzinger, J. P., Hickman-Lewis, K., Holm-Alwmark, S., Kah, L. C., Martínez-Frías, J., McLennan, S. M., Maurice, S., Nuñez, J. I., Ollila, A. M., Pilleri, P., Rice, J. W., Jr., Rice, M., Simon, J. I., Shuster, D. L., Stack, K. M., Sun, V. Z., Treiman, A. H., Weiss, B. P., Wiens, R. C., Williams, A. J., Williams, N. R., and Williford, K. H.

Abstract

Observations from orbital spacecraft have shown that Jezero crater, Mars, contains a prominent fan-shaped body of sedimentary rock deposited at its western margin. The Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater in February 2021. We analyze images taken by the rover in the three months after landing. The fan has outcrop faces that were invisible from orbit, which record the hydrological evolution of Jezero crater. We interpret the presence of inclined strata in these outcrops as evidence of deltas that advanced into a lake. In contrast, the uppermost fan strata are composed of boulder conglomerates, which imply deposition by episodic high-energy floods. This sedimentary succession indicates a transition, from a sustained hydrologic activity in a persistent lake environment, to highly energetic short-duration fluvial flows.

Published
2021

22. Sampling Mars: Notional Caches from Mars 2020 Strategic Planning

Author

Herd, Chris, Bosak, T., Stack, K. M., Sun, V. Z., Benison, Kathleen C., Cohen, Barbara A., Czaja, Andrew D., Debaille, V., Hausrath, Elisabeth M., Hickman-Lewis, K., Mayhew, L. E., Moynier, Frederic, Sephton, Mark A., Shuster, David L., Siljeström, Sandra, Simon, J. I., Weiss, Benjamin P., Flannery, David, Goreva, Y. S., Gupta, S., Kah, L. C., Minitti, Michelle, McLennan, S. M., Madariaga, J. M., Brown, A. J., Williford, K. H., Farley, K. A., Herd, Chris, Bosak, T., Stack, K. M., Sun, V. Z., Benison, Kathleen C., Cohen, Barbara A., Czaja, Andrew D., Debaille, V., Hausrath, Elisabeth M., Hickman-Lewis, K., Mayhew, L. E., Moynier, Frederic, Sephton, Mark A., Shuster, David L., Siljeström, Sandra, Simon, J. I., Weiss, Benjamin P., Flannery, David, Goreva, Y. S., Gupta, S., Kah, L. C., Minitti, Michelle, McLennan, S. M., Madariaga, J. M., Brown, A. J., Williford, K. H., and Farley, K. A.

Abstract

A central objective of the NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance rover mission is to collect and document a suite of scientifically compelling samples for possible return to Earth by a subsequent mission [1]. Strategic planning by the Mars 2020 Science Team has thus far identified a set of notional sample caches. These arose from integrating the testable hypotheses that could be addressed by Mars 2020 within the framework of the geology of Jezero crater and its surroundings [2], identifying specific locations of high scientific interest by analysis of remotely sensed data, and traversability considerations [1]. Here we describe the general characteristics of the identified notional caches and compare them to the types of samples previously prioritized by the wider Mars science community [3]. While strategic planning will guide and streamline the decision-making processes once the rover lands at Jezero crater, the actual samples collected will depend on the landing location, the traverse taken, and decisions made by the Mars 2020 Science Team.

Published
2021

23. A Tour of Ancient Habitable Environments In and Around Jezero Crater, Mars

Author

Williford, K. H., Farley, K. A., Stack, K. M., Bosak, T., Flannery, David, Gupta, S., Sun, V., Brown, A. J., Williford, K. H., Farley, K. A., Stack, K. M., Bosak, T., Flannery, David, Gupta, S., Sun, V., and Brown, A. J.

Abstract

The Mars 2020 team plans to explore and collect samples from diverse ancient environments preserved in the rocks in and around Jezero Crater. Here, we offer a tour of diverse, ancient habitable environments planned for exploration and sampling.

Published
2021

24. Isobar-free neon isotope measurements of flux-fused potential reference minerals on a Helix-MC-Plus^(10K) mass spectrometer

Author

Farley, K. A., Treffkorn, J., and Hamilton, D.

Abstract

This work presents new analytical techniques for extraction and analysis of neon from a suite of different mineral phases, including quartz, pyroxene, hematite, apatite, zircon, topaz, and fluorite. Neon was quantitatively extracted at 1100 °C from all of these minerals using an in-vacuum lithium borate-flux fusion technique. Evolved neon was purified using a cryogenic method capable of separating Ne from He present in abundances ~8 orders of magnitude higher, typical of samples carrying nucleogenic/radiogenic noble gases. The purified neon was measured on a Helix-MC-Plus^(10K) mass spectrometer that permits isobar-free measurement of all three neon isotopes. When operated at its highest mass resolving power (MRP) of ~10,300, the shoulder representing solely ²²Ne on the low mass-side of the ²²Ne-CO₂⁺² doublet is wide enough to permit measurement of isobar free ²²Ne. Operating in this mode comes with the penalty of a 50% reduction in neon sensitivity. Coupled with a mathematical isobar-stripping method, this approach excludes 99.5% of the CO₂⁺² while still collecting >99% of the ²²Ne beam. Routine edge-centering on the dynamic CO₂⁺² peak prior to introduction of a sample permits rapid and robust relocation of the desired measure point in the mass spectrum. Cosmogenic ²¹Ne and ²²Ne concentrations obtained using these methods on the Cronus-A quartz and Cronus-P pyroxene international reference materials are in excellent agreement with previous work or expectations. Similarly, the concentration of nucleogenic ²¹Ne and ²²Ne in Durango apatite and the CIT hematite standard agree well with previous work. Durango apatite has notable heterogeneity in neon concentrations, consistent with previous observations of heterogeneous He, U and Th concentrations in this apatite. Nucleogenic neon concentrations are also presented for previously unstudied minerals including a Sri Lanka zircon (SLC), a topaz from the Imperial Topaz mine in Brazil (ITP1), and a fluorite (W-90) from New Hampshire. Taken together this set of potential reference minerals and the associated dataset provide a starting point for intercalibration among multiple mineral phases carrying ²¹Ne and ²²Ne of cosmogenic or nucleogenic origin.

Published
2020

25. The Habitat of the Nascent Chicxulub Crater

Author

Bralower, T, Cosmidis, J, Fantle, M.S., Lowery, C.M., Passey, B.H., Gulick, S.P.S., Morgan, J.V., Vajda, Vivi, Whalen, M.T., Wittmann, A., Artemieva, N., Farley, K., Goderis, S., Hajek, E., Heaney, P.J., Kring, D.A., Lyons, S.L., Rasmussen, C., Sibert, E., Rodríguez Tovar, F.J., Turner-Walker, G., Zachos, J.C., Carte, J., Chen, S.A., Cockell, C., Coolen, M., Freeman, K.H., Garber, J., Gonzalez, M., Gray, J.L., Grice, K., Jones, H.L., Schaefer, B., Smit, J., Tikoo, S.M., Bralower, T, Cosmidis, J, Fantle, M.S., Lowery, C.M., Passey, B.H., Gulick, S.P.S., Morgan, J.V., Vajda, Vivi, Whalen, M.T., Wittmann, A., Artemieva, N., Farley, K., Goderis, S., Hajek, E., Heaney, P.J., Kring, D.A., Lyons, S.L., Rasmussen, C., Sibert, E., Rodríguez Tovar, F.J., Turner-Walker, G., Zachos, J.C., Carte, J., Chen, S.A., Cockell, C., Coolen, M., Freeman, K.H., Garber, J., Gonzalez, M., Gray, J.L., Grice, K., Jones, H.L., Schaefer, B., Smit, J., and Tikoo, S.M.

Abstract

An expanded sedimentary section provides an opportunity to elucidate conditions in the nascent Chicxulub crater during the hours to millennia after the Cretaceous‐Paleogene (K‐Pg) boundary impact. The sediments were deposited by tsunami followed by seiche waves as energy in the crater declined, culminating in a thin hemipelagic marlstone unit that contains atmospheric fallout. Seiche deposits are predominantly composed of calcite formed by decarbonation of the target limestone during impact followed by carbonation in the water column. Temperatures recorded by clumped isotopes of these carbonates are in excess of 70°C, with heat likely derived from the central impact melt pool. Yet, despite the turbidity and heat, waters within the nascent crater basin soon became a viable habitat for a remarkably diverse cross section of the food chain. The earliest seiche layers deposited with days or weeks of the impact contain earliest Danian nannoplankton and dinocyst survivors. The hemipelagic marlstone representing the subsequent years to a few millennia contains a nearly monogeneric calcareous dinoflagellate resting cyst assemblage suggesting deteriorating environmental conditions, with one interpretation involving low light levels in the impact aftermath. At the same horizon, microbial fossils indicate a thriving bacterial community and unique phosphatic fossils including appendages of pelagic crustaceans, coprolites andbacteria‐tunneled fish bone, suggesting that this rapid recovery of the base of the food chain may have supported the survival of larger, higher trophic‐level organisms. The extraordinarily diverse fossil assemblage indicates that the crater was a unique habitat in the immediate impact aftermath, possibly as aresult of heat and nutrients supplied by hydrothermal activity.

Published
2020
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26. The Habitat of the Nascent Chicxulub Crater

Author

Bralower, T. J., primary, Cosmidis, J., additional, Fantle, M. S., additional, Lowery, C. M., additional, Passey, B. H., additional, Gulick, S. P. S., additional, Morgan, J. V., additional, Vajda, V., additional, Whalen, M. T., additional, Wittmann, A., additional, Artemieva, N., additional, Farley, K., additional, Goderis, S., additional, Hajek, E., additional, Heaney, P. J., additional, Kring, D. A., additional, Lyons, S. L., additional, Rasmussen, C., additional, Sibert, E., additional, Rodríguez Tovar, F. J., additional, Turner‐Walker, G., additional, Zachos, J. C., additional, Carte, J., additional, Chen, S. A., additional, Cockell, C., additional, Coolen, M., additional, Freeman, K. H., additional, Garber, J., additional, Gonzalez, M., additional, Gray, J. L., additional, Grice, K., additional, Jones, H. L., additional, Schaefer, B., additional, Smit, J., additional, and Tikoo, S. M., additional

Published
2020
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27. Sampling interplanetary dust from Antarctic air

Author

Taylor, S., primary, Lever, J. H., additional, Burgess, K. D., additional, Stroud, R. M., additional, Brownlee, D. E., additional, Nittler, L. R., additional, Bardyn, A., additional, Alexander, C. M. O’D., additional, Farley, K. A., additional, Treffkorn, J., additional, Messenger, S., additional, and Wozniakiewicz, P. J., additional

Published
2020
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29. Low-temperature thermochronology of francolite: Insights into timing of Dead Sea Transform motion

Author

Kohn, B, Weissbrod, T, Chung, L, Farley, K, Bodorkos, S, Kohn, B, Weissbrod, T, Chung, L, Farley, K, and Bodorkos, S

Abstract

Cambrian siliciclastic sequences along the Dead Sea Transform (DST) margin in southern Israel and southern Jordan host both detrital fluorapatite [D‐apatite] and U‐rich authigenic carbonate‐fluorapatite (francolite) [A‐apatite]. D‐apatite and underlying Neoproterozoic basement apatite yield fission‐track (FT) data reflecting Palaeozoic–Mesozoic sedimentary cycles and epeirogenic events, and dispersed (U–Th–Sm)/He (AHe) ages. A‐apatite, which may partially or completely replace D‐apatite, yields an early Miocene FT age suggesting formation by fracturing, hydrothermal fluid ascent and intra‐strata recrystallisation, linked to early DST motion. The DST, separating the African and Arabian plates, records ~105 km of sinistral strike‐slip displacement, but became more transtensional post‐5 Ma. Helium diffusion measurements on A‐apatite are consistent with thermally activated volume diffusion, indicating Tc ~52 to 56 ± 10°C (cooling rate 10°C/Ma). A‐apatite AHe data record Pliocene cooling (~35 to 40°C) during the transtensional phase of movement. This suggests that timing of important milestones in DST motion can be discerned using A‐apatite low‐temperature thermochronology data alone.

Published
2019

30. Stranded landscapes in the humid tropics: Earth's oldest land surfaces

Author

Vasconcelos, Paulo M, Farley, K A, Stone, John, Piacentini, Thiago, Fifield, Leslie, Vasconcelos, Paulo M, Farley, K A, Stone, John, Piacentini, Thiago, and Fifield, Leslie

Abstract

Defying common expectations, some of the oldest landscapes on Earth are found in the humid tropics. 40Ar/39Ar dating shows that Fe-rich regolith that armors the ∼700–1000 m elevation banded iron-formation plateaus at Urucum, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, results from chemical weathering that began at least 70 million years ago. Cosmogenic 3He concentrations in residual hematite clasts and the underlying saprolite on one plateau imply an extraordinarily slow surface lowering rate of 0.07–0.10 m Ma−1 maintained over the last ∼17–70 Ma. Cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al concentrations in a quartz vein in the same plateau suggest a similarly low surface erosion rate of ∼0.11–0.18 m Ma−1 over the past few million years. Cosmogenic 3He concentrations in goethite cementing a ∼200 m elevation indurated pediment ∼3 km northwest of the plateau escarpment yields a minimum exposure age of ∼2.6 Ma, revealing that some of the low-lying areas had already been incised and locally stabilized by goethite cementation by then. In contrast, 36Cl measurements on limestone outcrops at ∼170 m elevation and ∼6.5 km northwest of the Urucum plateau reveal short-term erosion rates of 7.1 ± 0.4 and 10.1 ± 0.5 m Ma−1, showing that areas not stabilized by goethite cementation are undergoing erosion at a relatively fast pace. The ∼700 m of relief at Urucum is consistent with differential denudation over ∼70 Ma controlled by lithological differences in chemical and physical rates of weathering and erosion. Effective chemical weathering and protracted low rates of erosion for the high-elevation surface result in armoring by a resilient residue of hematite blocks that are relatively insoluble and too heavy to transport. Armoring by the surface lag of large chemically resilient hematite blocks and bedded hematite saprolite focuses meteoric water flow into the subsurface and along faults. Preferential subsurface flow along the permeable pathways between insoluble hematite blocks, combined with segmentation of the

Published
2019

31. Using weathering and alteration minerals to constrain water table movement and supergene enrichment of porphyry copper deposits in the Central Andes

Author

Shaw, J. M., Cooper, F. J., Boyce, A. J., Farley, K. A., Evenstar, L., Shaw, J. M., Cooper, F. J., Boyce, A. J., Farley, K. A., and Evenstar, L.

Abstract

The Atacama Desert of northern Chile hosts many of the world's largest porphyry copper deposits (PCDs), many of which have been upgraded through supergene enrichment (Sillitoe and McKee 1996). Enrichment of exhumed PCDs occurs in the near-surface weathering environment, when copper is leached from primary sulphides and reprecipitated beneath the water table to form a concentrated blanket of secondary copper minerals (e.g. chalcocite). The Atacama is one of the driest regions on Earth, but supergene enrichment requires precipitation to drive the aqueous redistribution of metals. Previous alunite dating studies have suggested enrichment stopped in the middle Miocene, due to an increase in aridity. This conclusion is supported by the youngest supergene alunite ages from several PCDs clustering around 14 Ma (Sillitoe 2005). Hematite also forms in the leached caps of PCDs and hematite (U-Th)/He geochronology provides a tool to track the downward progression of weathering fronts (e.g. Cooper et al. 2016). This study will combine Ar-40/Ar-39 dating of supergene alunite (a proxy for the timing of copper enrichment) with hematite geochronology (as an indicator of the progression of weathering) to better understand the link between water table movement and supergene enrichment of Central Andean PCDs.

Published
2019

32. A combined (U-Th)/He and cosmogenic ^3He record of landscape armoring by biogeochemical iron cycling

Author

Monteiro, H. S., Vasconcelos, P. M. P., and Farley, K. A.

Abstract

(U‐Th)/He geochronology and cosmogenic ^3He in iron oxides reveal mineral precipitation ages as old as 55 Ma and exposure ages greater than 5 Ma for canga‐cemented plateaus in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil, showing that lateritic profiles overlying banded iron‐formation (BIF) landscapes in tropical regions have a long history of surface exposure. The long‐term erosion history obtained from cosmogenic ^3He on BIF plateaus confirms that relic surfaces persist in the landscape for millions of years. Combined ^3He and (U‐Th)/He dating shows that cangas are preferentially goethite cemented by biogeochemical reactions in the subsurface. Importantly, pebbles of hematite‐magnetite in colluvia or shallow creeks draining the canga‐cemented plateaus record a much longer exposure history than in situ canga blocks, showing that even older duricrusts, now eroded, once blanketed these plateaus. Physically stable but biogeochemically dynamic, cangas armor the landscape by pervasive and recurrent iron cycling and cementation, slowing down the delivery of weathered BIF or friable hematite–magnetite ore to erosion.

Published
2018

33. Selective inhibition of metastasis in vivo, partly through disruption of nucleoli

Author

Frankowski, K. J., primary, Wang, C., additional, Patnaik, S., additional, Schoenen, F. J., additional, Southall, N., additional, Li, D., additional, Teper, Y., additional, Sun, W., additional, Kandela, I., additional, Hu, D., additional, Dextras, C., additional, Knotts, Z., additional, Bian, Y., additional, Norton, J., additional, Titus, S., additional, Lewandowska, M. A., additional, Wen, Y., additional, Farley, K. I., additional, Griner, L. M., additional, Sultan, J., additional, Meng, Z., additional, Zhou, M., additional, Vilimas, T., additional, Powers, A. S., additional, Kozlov, S., additional, Nagashima, K., additional, Quadri, H. S., additional, Fang, M., additional, Long, C., additional, Khanolkar, O., additional, Chen, W., additional, Kang, J., additional, Huang, H., additional, Chow, E., additional, Goldberg, E., additional, Feldman, C., additional, Xi, R., additional, Kim, H. R., additional, Sahagian, G., additional, Baserga, S. J., additional, Mazar, A., additional, Ferrer, M., additional, Zheng, W., additional, Shilatifard, A., additional, Aubé, J., additional, Rudloff, U., additional, Marugan, J. J., additional, and Huang, S., additional

Published
2019
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36. The sustainability of habitability on terrestrial planets: Insights, questions, and needed measurements from Mars for understanding the evolution of Earth-like worlds

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Weiss, Benjamin P, Ehlmann, B. L., Anderson, F. S., Andrews-Hanna, J., Catling, D. C., Christensen, P. R., Cohen, B. A., Dressing, C. D., Edwards, C. S., Elkins-Tanton, L. T., Farley, K. A., Fassett, C. I., Fischer, W. W., Fraeman, A. A., Golombek, M. P., Hamilton, V. E., Hayes, A. G., Herd, C. D. K., Horgan, B., Hu, R., Jakosky, B. M., Johnson, J. R., Kasting, J. F., Kerber, L., Kinch, K. M., Kite, E. S., Knutson, H. A., Lunine, J. I., Mahaffy, P. R., Mangold, N., McCubbin, F. M., Mustard, J. F., Niles, P. B., Quantin-Nataf, C., Rice, M. S., Stack, K. M., Stevenson, D. J., Stewart, S. T., Toplis, M. J., Usui, T., Werner, S. C., Wordsworth, R. D., Wray, J. J., Yingst, R. A., Yung, Y. L., Zahnle, K. J., Weiss, Benjamin P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Weiss, Benjamin P, Ehlmann, B. L., Anderson, F. S., Andrews-Hanna, J., Catling, D. C., Christensen, P. R., Cohen, B. A., Dressing, C. D., Edwards, C. S., Elkins-Tanton, L. T., Farley, K. A., Fassett, C. I., Fischer, W. W., Fraeman, A. A., Golombek, M. P., Hamilton, V. E., Hayes, A. G., Herd, C. D. K., Horgan, B., Hu, R., Jakosky, B. M., Johnson, J. R., Kasting, J. F., Kerber, L., Kinch, K. M., Kite, E. S., Knutson, H. A., Lunine, J. I., Mahaffy, P. R., Mangold, N., McCubbin, F. M., Mustard, J. F., Niles, P. B., Quantin-Nataf, C., Rice, M. S., Stack, K. M., Stevenson, D. J., Stewart, S. T., Toplis, M. J., Usui, T., Werner, S. C., Wordsworth, R. D., Wray, J. J., Yingst, R. A., Yung, Y. L., Zahnle, K. J., and Weiss, Benjamin P.

Abstract

What allows a planet to be both within a potentially habitable zone and sustain habitability over long geologic time? With the advent of exoplanetary astronomy and the ongoing discovery of terrestrial-type planets around other stars, our own solar system becomes a key testing ground for ideas about what factors control planetary evolution. Mars provides the solar system's longest record of the interplay of the physical and chemical processes relevant to habitability on an accessible rocky planet with an atmosphere and hydrosphere. Here we review current understanding and update the timeline of key processes in early Mars history. We then draw on knowledge of exoplanets and the other solar system terrestrial planets to identify six broad questions of high importance to the development and sustaining of habitability (unprioritized): (1) Is small planetary size fatal? (2) How do magnetic fields influence atmospheric evolution? (3) To what extent does starting composition dictate subsequent evolution, including redox processes and the availability of water and organics? (4) Does early impact bombardment have a net deleterious or beneficial influence? (5) How do planetary climates respond to stellar evolution, e.g., sustaining early liquid water in spite of a faint young Sun? (6) How important are the timescales of climate forcing and their dynamical drivers? Finally, we suggest crucial types of Mars measurements (unprioritized) to address these questions: (1) in situ petrology at multiple units/sites; (2) continued quantification of volatile reservoirs and new isotopic measurements of H, C, N, O, S, Cl, and noble gases in rocks that sample multiple stratigraphic sections; (3) radiometric age dating of units in stratigraphic sections and from key volcanic and impact units; (4) higher-resolution measurements of heat flux, subsurface structure, and magnetic field anomalies coupled with absolute age dating. Understanding the evolution of early Mars will feed forward to unde

Published
2018

37. Rapid recovery of life at ground zero of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction

Author

Lowery, C., Bralower, T., Owens, J., Rodríguez-Tovar, F., Jones, H., Smit, J., Whalen, M., Claeys, P., Farley, K., Gulick, S., Morgan, J., Green, S., Chenot, E., Christeson, G., Cockell, C., Coolen, Marco, Ferrière, L., Gebhardt, C., Goto, K., Kring, D., Lofi, J., Ocampo-Torres, R., Perez-Cruz, L., Pickersgill, A., Poelchau, M., Rae, A., Rasmussen, C., Rebolledo-Vieyra, M., Riller, U., Sato, H., Tikoo, S., Tomioka, N., Urrutia-Fucugauchi, J., Vellekoop, J., Wittmann, A., Xiao, L., Yamaguchi, K., Zylberman, W., Lowery, C., Bralower, T., Owens, J., Rodríguez-Tovar, F., Jones, H., Smit, J., Whalen, M., Claeys, P., Farley, K., Gulick, S., Morgan, J., Green, S., Chenot, E., Christeson, G., Cockell, C., Coolen, Marco, Ferrière, L., Gebhardt, C., Goto, K., Kring, D., Lofi, J., Ocampo-Torres, R., Perez-Cruz, L., Pickersgill, A., Poelchau, M., Rae, A., Rasmussen, C., Rebolledo-Vieyra, M., Riller, U., Sato, H., Tikoo, S., Tomioka, N., Urrutia-Fucugauchi, J., Vellekoop, J., Wittmann, A., Xiao, L., Yamaguchi, K., and Zylberman, W.

Abstract

The Cretaceous/Palaeogene mass extinction eradicated 76% of species on Earth1,2. It was caused by the impact of an asteroid3,4on the Yucatán carbonate platform in the southern Gulf of Mexico 66 million years ago5, forming the Chicxulub impact crater6,7. After the mass extinction, the recovery of the global marine ecosystem - measured as primary productivity - was geographically heterogeneous8; export production in the Gulf of Mexico and North Atlantic-western Tethys was slower than in most other regions8-11, taking 300 thousand years (kyr) to return to levels similar to those of the Late Cretaceous period. Delayed recovery of marine productivity closer to the crater implies an impact-related environmental control, such as toxic metal poisoning12, on recovery times. If no such geographic pattern exists, the best explanation for the observed heterogeneity is a combination of ecological factors - trophic interactions13, species incumbency and competitive exclusion by opportunists14- and 'chance'8,15,16. The question of whether the post-impact recovery of marine productivity was delayed closer to the crater has a bearing on the predictability of future patterns of recovery in anthropogenically perturbed ecosystems. If there is a relationship between the distance from the impact and the recovery of marine productivity, we would expect recovery rates to be slowest in the crater itself. Here we present a record of foraminifera, calcareous nannoplankton, trace fossils and elemental abundance data from within the Chicxulub crater, dated to approximately the first 200 kyr of the Palaeocene. We show that life reappeared in the basin just years after the impact and a high-productivity ecosystem was established within 30 kyr, which indicates that proximity to the impact did not delay recovery and that there was therefore no impact-related environmental control on recovery. Ecological processes probably controlled the recovery of productivity after the Cretaceous/Palaeogene mass

Published
2018

39. Young K-Ar gae of jarosite in the Mojave sample at Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Martin, P. E., Farley, K. A., Cohen, B. A., Mahaffy, P. R., Malespin, C. A., Susanne Petra Schwenzer, Vasconcelos, P. M., Ming, D. W., Mcadam, A. C., and Navarro-Gonzales, R.

Abstract

By combining the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument’s capabilities with those of the alpha particle X-ray spectrometer (APXS) on the Curiosity rover, radiometric K-Ar ages and 3He, 21Ne, and 36Ar exposure ages have been measured on two samples as of sol 1430. The Cumberland mudstone was found to have a K-Ar age of 4.21 ± 0.35 Ga (all uncertainties here are reported in 1σ), consistent with crater-counting estimates of the surrounding terrains. A second geochronology experiment was undertaken on the potassium-rich Windjana sandstone, which resulted in the unreasonably young and unrepeatable ages of 627 ± 50 Ma and 1710 ± 110 Ma on two different aliquots. These results were attributed to incomplete Ar extraction arising from the coarse grainsize and Ar-retentive characteristics of sanidine, the major K-bearing mineral in the sample.Recently, a drilled bedrock sample from the Murray mudstone formation (termed Mojave 2) was found by the CheMin instrument to contain approximately 3.1 wt% jarosite. Jarosite is precipitated from acidic, sulfate-rich waters and is a suitable mineral for KAr dating. On a large scale, jarosite has been thought to signal the aridification of Mars and a shift towards a cold, dry environment. The small amount of jarosite in this sample prohibits generalization to a larger Martian context. However, since jarosite forms strictly through interaction with water, the K-Ar age of the jarosite in Mojave 2 puts a maximum age constraint on the last time liquid water was present at the sample site. By extension, it could also indicate the time of the very final stages of evaporation from the lake in Gale Crater.A two-step heating experiment was designed to obtain the K-Ar age of the jarosite, which accounts for about 20% of the K2O in the sample. The remainder of the K2O exists in plagioclase, an amorphous component, and possibly a small amount in K-bearing phyllosilicates.

Published
2017

41. Discordant K-Ar and Young Exposure Dates for the Windjana sandstone, Kimberley, Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Vasconcelos, P. M., Farley, K. A., Malespin, C. A., Mahaffy, P., Ming, D., McLennan, S. M., Hurowitz, J. A., and Rice, Melissa S.

Abstract

K-Ar and noble gas surface exposure age measurements were carried out on the Windjana sandstone, Kimberley region, Gale Crater, Mars, by using the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument on the Curiosity rover. The sandstone is unusually rich in sanidine, as determined by CheMin X-ray diffraction, contributing to the high K_2O concentration of 3.09 ± 0.20 wt % measured by Alpha-Particle X-ray Spectrometer analysis. A sandstone aliquot heated to ~915°C yielded a K-Ar age of 627 ± 50 Ma. Reheating this aliquot yielded no additional Ar. A second aliquot heated in the same way yielded a much higher K-Ar age of 1710 ± 110 Ma. These data suggest incomplete Ar extraction from a rock with a K-Ar age older than 1710 Ma. Incomplete extraction at ~900°C is not surprising for a rock with a large fraction of K carried by Ar-retentive K-feldspar. Likely, variability in the exact temperature achieved by the sample from run to run, uncertainties in sample mass estimation, and possible mineral fractionation during transport and storage prior to analysis may contribute to these discrepant data. Cosmic ray exposure ages from ^3He and ^(21)Ne in the two aliquots are minimum values given the possibility of incomplete extraction. However, the general similarity between the ^3He (57 ± 49 and 18 ± 32 Ma, mean 30 Ma) and ^(21)Ne (2 ± 32 and 83 ± 24 Ma, mean 54 Ma) exposure ages provides no evidence for underextraction. The implied erosion rate at the Kimberley location is similar to that reported at the nearby Yellowknife Bay outcrop.

Published
2016

42. Sample Science Input to Landing Site Selection for Mars 2020: An In-Situ Exploration and Sample Caching Rover

Author

Beaty, D. W., Hays, L. E., Williford, K., and Farley, K.

Abstract

One of the Mars 2020 Rover mission’s main objectives is to collect samples of martian material and seal them in individual tubes for possible return by a later mission[1]. In order for the M2020 rover to have the highest chances of making a significant discovery from the diverse kinds of geological targets that Mars offers, it is crucial to select a landing site that would put the rover in proximity to these features. The M2020 landing site selection process is open to all [2]; however at this meeting we are seeking input from the sample science community into attributes of the landing site that should be prioritized. This paper seeks to foster broader intellectual inputs from the community, and outputs from this discussion will be provided to the M2020 landing site selection committee.

Published
2015

43. The sustainability of habitability on terrestrial planets: Insights, questions, and needed measurements from Mars for understanding the evolution of Earth-like worlds

Author

Ehlmann, B. L., Anderson, F. S., Andrews-Hanna, J., Catling, D. C., Christensen, P. R., Cohen, B. A., Dressing, C. D., Edwards, C. S., Elkins-Tanton, L. T., Farley, K. A., Fassett, C. I., Fischer, W. W., Fraeman, A. A., Golombek, M. P., Hamilton, V. E., Hayes, A. G., Herd, C. D. K., Horgan, B., Hu, R., Jakosky, B. M., Johnson, J. R., Kasting, J. F., Kerber, L., Kinch, K. M., Kite, E. S., Knutson, H. A., Lunine, J. I., Mahaffy, P. R., Mangold, N., McCubbin, F. M., Mustard, J. F., Niles, P. B., Quantin-Nataf, C., Rice, M. S., Stack, K. M., Stevenson, D. J., Stewart, S. T., Toplis, M. J., Usui, T., Weiss, B. P., Werner, S. C., Wordsworth, R. D., Wray, J. J., Yingst, R. A., Yung, Y. L., Zahnle, K. J., Ehlmann, B. L., Anderson, F. S., Andrews-Hanna, J., Catling, D. C., Christensen, P. R., Cohen, B. A., Dressing, C. D., Edwards, C. S., Elkins-Tanton, L. T., Farley, K. A., Fassett, C. I., Fischer, W. W., Fraeman, A. A., Golombek, M. P., Hamilton, V. E., Hayes, A. G., Herd, C. D. K., Horgan, B., Hu, R., Jakosky, B. M., Johnson, J. R., Kasting, J. F., Kerber, L., Kinch, K. M., Kite, E. S., Knutson, H. A., Lunine, J. I., Mahaffy, P. R., Mangold, N., McCubbin, F. M., Mustard, J. F., Niles, P. B., Quantin-Nataf, C., Rice, M. S., Stack, K. M., Stevenson, D. J., Stewart, S. T., Toplis, M. J., Usui, T., Weiss, B. P., Werner, S. C., Wordsworth, R. D., Wray, J. J., Yingst, R. A., Yung, Y. L., and Zahnle, K. J.

Published
2016

45. Cognitive Functioning and Pain Reactions in Hospitalized Elders

Author

Kenneth D. Craig, Norm O'Rourke, Carla Hale, Farley K. MacLeod, Diane L. LaChapelle, and Thomas Hadjistvropoulos

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:R5-920, Direct assessment, Medical procedure, Cognition, humanities, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Neurology, Facial activity, medicine, Cognitive skill, Cognitive impairment, Psychology, lcsh:Medicine (General)
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Objectively coded facial activity provides a useful index of pain among elders who have difficulty in reporting pain because of cognitive impairments. However, limitations of previous research include no direct assessment of participants' level of cognitive impairment; no comparison of the reactions of elders with cognitive impairments with those of nonimpaired elders; observers' expectations about pain levels could have influenced judgements about the severity of pain experienced when global rather than objectively coded measures were used because the painful medical procedure was visible on film.OBJECTIVE: To extend previous findings by incorporating improvements in design and methodology in response to the aforementioned limitations.PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-nine in-patients with a mean age of 73 years.METHODS: Facial reactions were filmed during routine blood tests and coded objectively using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). Observer ratings of pain were also obtained.RESULTS: FACS indexes revealed substantial changes from baseline to venepuncture indiscriminate of whether elders were cognitively impaired. Furthermore, these changes were apparent to both nurse and student observers although the nurses rated the pain displayed by the patients as being lower.CONCLUSION: After addressing limitations of previous work in this area, the validity of nonverbal indexes of pain in the assessment of elders with cognitive impairments was demonstrated. Such indexes are uniquely suited as outcome measures within the context of clinical trial methodology.

Published
1998

46. Curiosity's Sample Analysis at Mars (Sam) Investigation: Overview of Results from the First 120 Sols on Mars

Author

Mahaffy, Paul, Cabane, Michel, Webster, C., Archer, P., Atreya, S., Benna, M., Brinckerhoff, W., Brunner, A., Buch, A., Coll, Patrice, Conrad, P., Coscia, David, Dobson, N., Dworkin, J., Eigenbrode, J., Farley, K., Flesch, G., Franz, H., Freissinet, Caroline, Glavin, Daniel, Gorevan, S., Grotzinger, J., Harpold, D., Hengemihle, J., Jaeger, F., Johnson, C., Johnson, M., Jones, J., Lefavor, M., Leshin, L., Lyness, E., Malespin, C., Manning, H., Martin, D., Mcadam, A., Mckay, C., Miller, K., Ming, D., Morris, R., Navarro-González, R., Niles, P., Nolan, T., Owen, T., Pavolov, A., Prats, B., Pepin, R., Raaen, E., Raulin, François, Steele, A., Stern, J., Squyres, S., Sutter, B., Summons, R., Sumner, D., Szopa, Cyril, Tan, F., Teinturier, Samuel, Trainer, M., Wong, M., Wray, J., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences [Ann Arbor] (AOSS), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux - EA 4038 (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Honeybee Robotics Ltd, Concordia College [MN], NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA-NASA, Institute for Astronomy [Honolulu], University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Cornell University [New York], Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Michigan System, Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], IMPEC - LATMOS, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], Cornell University, Buch, Arnaud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), and Carnegie Institution for Science

Subjects
[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology
Abstract

International audience; Overview of results from Curiosity's Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) investigation during the first 120 martian sols are summarized

Published
2013

47. Martian fluvial conglomerates at gale crater

Author

Williams, R. M. E., Grotzinger, J. P., Dietrich, W. E., Gupta, S., Sumner, D. Y., Wiens, R. C., Mangold, N., Malin, M. C., Edgett, K. S., Maurice, S., Forni, O., Gasnault, O., Ollila, A., Newsom, H. E., Dromart, G., Palucis, M. C., Yingst, R. A., Anderson, R. B., Herkenhoff, K. E., Le Mouelic, S., Goetz, W., Madsen, M. B., Koefoed, A., Jensen, J. K., Bridges, J. C., Schwenzer, S. P., Lewis, K. W., Stack, K. M., Rubin, D., Kah, L. C., Bell, J. F., Farmer, J. D., Sullivan, R., Van Beek, T., Blaney, D. L., Pariser, O., Deen, R. G., Kemppinen, O., Bridges, N., Johnson, J. R., Minitti, M., Cremers, D., Edgar, L., Godber, A., Wadhwa, M., Wellington, D., McEwan, I., Newman, C., Richardson, M., Charpentier, A., Peret, L., King, P., Blank, J., Weigle, G., Schmidt, M., Li, S., Milliken, R., Robertson, K., Sun, V., Baker, M., Edwards, C., Ehlmann, B., Farley, K., Griffes, J., Miller, H., Newcombe, M., Pilorget, C., Rice, M., Siebach, K., Stolper, E., Brunet, C., Hipkin, V., Leveille, R., Marchand, G., Sobron Sanchez, P., Favot, L., Cody, G., Steele, A., Fluckiger, L., Lees, D., Nefian, A., Martin, M., Gailhanou, M., Westall, F., Israel, G., Agard, C., Baroukh, J., Donny, C., Gaboriaud, A., Guillemot, P., Lafaille, V., Lorigny, E., Paillet, A., Perez, R., Saccoccio, M., Yana, C., Aparicio, C. A., Caride Rodriguez, J., Carrasco Blazquez, I., Gomez Gomez, F., Elvira, J. G., Hettrich, S., Lepinette Malvitte, A., Marin Jimenez, M., Frias, J. M., Soler, J. M., Torres, F. J. M., Molina Jurado, A., Sotomayor, L. M., Munoz Caro, G., Navarro Lopez, S., Gonzalez, V. P., Garcia, J. P., Rodriguez Manfredi, J. A., Planello, J. J. R., Alejandra Sans Fuentes, S., Sebastian Martinez, E., Torres Redondo, J., O'Callaghan, R. U., Zorzano Mier, M.-P., Chipera, S., Lacour, J.-L., Mauchien, P., Sirven, J.-B., Manning, H., Fairen, A., Hayes, A., Joseph, J., Squyres, S., Thomas, P., Dupont, A., Lundberg, A., Melikechi, N., Mezzacappa, A., DeMarines, J., Grinspoon, D., Reitz, G., Prats, B., Atlaskin, E., Genzer, M., Harri, A.-M., Haukka, H., Kahanpaa, H., Kauhanen, J., Paton, M., Polkko, J., Schmidt, W., Siili, T., Fabre, C., Wray, J., Wilhelm, M. B., Poitrasson, F., Patel, K., Gorevan, S., Indyk, S., Paulsen, G., Bish, D., Schieber, J., Gondet, B., Langevin, Y., Geffroy, C., Baratoux, D., Berger, G., Cros, A., Uston, C. d., Lasue, J., Lee, Q.-M., Meslin, P.-Y., Pallier, E., Parot, Y., Pinet, P., Schroder, S., Toplis, M., Lewin, E., Brunner, W., Heydari, E., Achilles, C., Oehler, D., Sutter, B., Cabane, M., Coscia, D., Szopa, C., Robert, F., Sautter, V., Nachon, M., Buch, A., Stalport, F., Coll, P., Francois, P., Raulin, F., Teinturier, S., Cameron, J., Clegg, S., Cousin, A., DeLapp, D., Dingler, R., Jackson, R. S., Johnstone, S., Lanza, N., Little, C., Nelson, T., Williams, R. B., Jones, A., Kirkland, L., Treiman, A., Baker, B., Cantor, B., Caplinger, M., Davis, S., Duston, B., Fay, D., Hardgrove, C., Harker, D., Herrera, P., Jensen, E., Kennedy, M. R., Krezoski, G., Krysak, D., Lipkaman, L., McCartney, E., McNair, S., Nixon, B., Posiolova, L., Ravine, M., Salamon, A., Saper, L., Stoiber, K., Supulver, K., Van Beek, J., Zimdar, R., French, K. L., Iagnemma, K., Miller, K., Summons, R., Goesmann, F., Hviid, S., Johnson, M., Lefavor, M., Lyness, E., Breves, E., Dyar, M. D., Fassett, C., Blake, D. F., Bristow, T., DesMarais, D., Edwards, L., Haberle, R., Hoehler, T., Hollingsworth, J., Kahre, M., Keely, L., McKay, C., Bleacher, L., Brinckerhoff, W., Choi, D., Conrad, P., Dworkin, J. P., Eigenbrode, J., Floyd, M., Freissinet, C., Garvin, J., Glavin, D., Harpold, D., Mahaffy, P., Martin, D. K., McAdam, A., Pavlov, A., Raaen, E., Smith, M. D., Stern, J., Tan, F., Trainer, M., Meyer, M., Posner, A., Voytek, M., Anderson, R. C., Aubrey, A., Beegle, L. W., Behar, A., Brinza, D., Calef, F., Christensen, L., Crisp, J. A., DeFlores, L., Feldman, J., Feldman, S., Flesch, G., Hurowitz, J., Jun, I., Keymeulen, D., Maki, J., Mischna, M., Morookian, J. M., Parker, T., Pavri, B., Schoppers, M., Sengstacken, A., Simmonds, J. J., Spanovich, N., de la Torre Juarez, M., Vasavada, A. R., Webster, C. R., Yen, A., Archer, P. D., Cucinotta, F., Jones, J. H., Ming, D., Morris, R. V., Niles, P., Rampe, E., Nolan, T., Fisk, M., Radziemski, L., Barraclough, B., Bender, S., Berman, D., Dobrea, E. N., Tokar, R., Vaniman, D., Leshin, L., Cleghorn, T., Huntress, W., Manhes, G., Hudgins, J., Olson, T., Stewart, N., Sarrazin, P., Grant, J., Vicenzi, E., Wilson, S. A., Bullock, M., Ehresmann, B., Hamilton, V., Hassler, D., Peterson, J., Rafkin, S., Zeitlin, C., Fedosov, F., Golovin, D., Karpushkina, N., Kozyrev, A., Litvak, M., Malakhov, A., Mitrofanov, I., Mokrousov, M., Nikiforov, S., Prokhorov, V., Sanin, A., Tretyakov, V., Varenikov, A., Vostrukhin, A., Kuzmin, R., Clark, B., Wolff, M., McLennan, S., Botta, O., Drake, D., Bean, K., Lemmon, M., Lee, E. M., Sucharski, R., Hernandez, M. A. d. P., Blanco Avalos, J. J., Ramos, M., Kim, M.-H., Malespin, C., Plante, I., Muller, J.-P., Gonzalez, R. N., Ewing, R., Boynton, W., Downs, R., Fitzgibbon, M., Harshman, K., Morrison, S., Kortmann, O., Williams, A., Lugmair, G., Wilson, M. A., Jakosky, B., Zunic, T. B., Frydenvang, J., Kinch, K., Stipp, S. L. S., Boyd, N., Campbell, J. L., Gellert, R., Perrett, G., Pradler, I., VanBommel, S., Jacob, S., Owen, T., Rowland, S., Savijarvi, H., Boehm, E., Bottcher, S., Burmeister, S., Guo, J., Kohler, J., Garcia, C. M., Mellin, R. M., Schweingruber, R. W., McConnochie, T., Benna, M., Franz, H., Bower, H., Brunner, A., Blau, H., Boucher, T., Carmosino, M., Atreya, S., Elliott, H., Halleaux, D., Renno, N., Wong, M., Pepin, R., Elliott, B., Spray, J., Thompson, L., Gordon, S., Williams, J., Vasconcelos, P., Bentz, J., Nealson, K., Popa, R., Moersch, J., Tate, C., Day, M., Kocurek, G., Hallet, B., Sletten, R., Francis, R., McCullough, E., Cloutis, E., ten Kate, I. L., Arvidson, R., Fraeman, A., Scholes, D., Slavney, S., Stein, T., Ward, J., Berger, J., Moores, J. E., NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, GeoRessources, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
MSL Mars Gale Crater Fluvial Activity, Martian, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Outcrop, Curiosity rover, Geochemistry, Mars, Sediment, Fluvial, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mars Exploration Program, 01 natural sciences, Abrasion (geology), martian fluvial conglomerates, 13. Climate action, Rocknest, 0103 physical sciences, MSL, Sedimentary rock, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Going to Mars The Mars Science Laboratory spacecraft containing the Curiosity rover, was launched from Earth in November 2011 and arrived at Gale crater on Mars in August 2012. Zeitlin et al. (p. 1080 ) report measurements of the energetic particle radiation environment inside the spacecraft during its cruise to Mars, confirming the hazard likely to be posed by this radiation to astronauts on a future potential trip to Mars. Williams et al. (p. 1068 , see the Perspective by Jerolmack ) report the detection of sedimentary conglomerates (pebbles mixed with sand and turned to rock) at Gale crater. The rounding of the rocks suggests abrasion of the pebbles as they were transported by flowing water several kilometers or more from their source.

Published
2013
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48. Abundance and isotopic composition of gases in the martian atmosphere from the Curiosity rover

Author

Mahaffy, P. R., Webster, C. R., Atreya, S. K., Franz, H., Wong, M., Conrad, P. G., Harpold, D., Jones, J. J., Leshin, L. A., Manning, H., Owen, T., Pepin, R. O., Squyres, S., Trainer, M., Kemppinen, O., Bridges, N., Johnson, J. R., Minitti, M., Cremers, D., Bell, J. F., Edgar, L., Farmer, J., Godber, A., Wadhwa, M., Wellington, D., McEwan, I., Newman, C., Richardson, M., Charpentier, A., Peret, L., King, P., Blank, J., Weigle, G., Schmidt, M., Li, S., Milliken, R., Robertson, K., Sun, V., Baker, M., Edwards, C., Ehlmann, B., Farley, K., Griffes, J., Grotzinger, J., Miller, H., Newcombe, M., Pilorget, C., Rice, M., Siebach, K., Stack, K., Stolper, E., Brunet, C., Hipkin, V., Leveille, R., Marchand, G., Sanchez, P. S., Favot, L., Cody, G., Steele, A., Fluckiger, L., Lees, D., Nefian, A., Martin, M., Gailhanou, M., Westall, F., Israel, G., Agard, C., Baroukh, J., Donny, C., Gaboriaud, A., Guillemot, P., Lafaille, V., Lorigny, E., Paillet, A., Perez, R., Saccoccio, M., Yana, C., Armiens-Aparicio, C., Rodriguez, J. C., Blazquez, I. C., Gomez, F. G., Gomez-Elvira, J., Hettrich, S., Malvitte, A. L., Jimenez, M. M., Martinez-Frias, J., Martin-Soler, J., Martin-Torres, F. J., Jurado, A. M., Mora-Sotomayor, L., Caro, G. M., Lopez, S. N., Peinado-Gonzalez, V., Pla-Garcia, J., Manfredi, J. A. R., Romeral-Planello, J. J., Fuentes, S. A. S., Martinez, E. S., Redondo, J. T., Urqui-O'Callaghan, R., Mier, M.-P. Z., Chipera, S., Lacour, J.-L., Mauchien, P., Sirven, J.-B., Fairen, A., Hayes, A., Joseph, J., Sullivan, R., Thomas, P., Dupont, A., Lundberg, A., Melikechi, N., Mezzacappa, A., DeMarines, J., Grinspoon, D., Reitz, G., Prats, B., Atlaskin, E., Genzer, M., Harri, A.-M., Haukka, H., Kahanpaa, H., Kauhanen, J., Paton, M., Polkko, J., Schmidt, W., Siili, T., Fabre, C., Wray, J., Wilhelm, M. B., Poitrasson, F., Patel, K., Gorevan, S., Indyk, S., Paulsen, G., Gupta, S., Bish, D., Schieber, J., Gondet, B., Langevin, Y., Geffroy, C., Baratoux, D., Berger, G., Cros, A., d'Uston, C., Forni, O., Gasnault, O., Lasue, J., Lee, Q.-M., Maurice, S., Meslin, P.-Y., Pallier, E., Parot, Y., Pinet, P., Schroder, S., Toplis, M., Lewin, E., Brunner, W., Heydari, E., Achilles, C., Oehler, D., Sutter, B., Cabane, M., Coscia, D., Szopa, C., Dromart, G., Robert, F., Sautter, V., Le Mouelic, S., Mangold, N., Nachon, M., Buch, A., Stalport, F., Coll, P., Francois, P., Raulin, F., Teinturier, S., Cameron, J., Clegg, S., Cousin, A., DeLapp, D., Dingler, R., Jackson, R. S., Johnstone, S., Lanza, N., Little, C., Nelson, T., Wiens, R. C., Williams, R. B., Jones, A., Kirkland, L., Treiman, A., Baker, B., Cantor, B., Caplinger, M., Davis, S., Duston, B., Edgett, K., Fay, D., Hardgrove, C., Harker, D., Herrera, P., Jensen, E., Kennedy, M. R., Krezoski, G., Krysak, D., Lipkaman, L., Malin, M., McCartney, E., McNair, S., Nixon, B., Posiolova, L., Ravine, M., Salamon, A., Saper, L., Stoiber, K., Supulver, K., Van Beek, J., Van Beek, T., Zimdar, R., French, K. L., Iagnemma, K., Miller, K., Summons, R., Goesmann, F., Goetz, W., Hviid, S., Johnson, M., Lefavor, M., Lyness, E., Breves, E., Dyar, M. D., Fassett, C., Blake, D. F., Bristow, T., DesMarais, D., Edwards, L., Haberle, R., Hoehler, T., Hollingsworth, J., Kahre, M., Keely, L., McKay, C., Bleacher, L., Brinckerhoff, W., Choi, D., Dworkin, J. P., Eigenbrode, J., Floyd, M., Freissinet, C., Garvin, J., Glavin, D., Martin, D. K., McAdam, A., Pavlov, A., Raaen, E., Smith, M. D., Stern, J., Tan, F., Meyer, M., Posner, A., Voytek, M., Anderson, R. C., Aubrey, A., Beegle, L. W., Behar, A., Blaney, D., Brinza, D., Calef, F., Christensen, L., Crisp, J. A., DeFlores, L., Feldman, J., Feldman, S., Flesch, G., Hurowitz, J., Jun, I., Keymeulen, D., Maki, J., Mischna, M., Morookian, J. M., Parker, T., Pavri, B., Schoppers, M., Sengstacken, A., Simmonds, J. J., Spanovich, N., Juarez, M. d. l. T., Vasavada, A. R., Yen, A., Archer, P. D., Cucinotta, F., Ming, D., Morris, R. V., Niles, P., Rampe, E., Nolan, T., Fisk, M., Radziemski, L., Barraclough, B., Bender, S., Berman, D., Dobrea, E. N., Tokar, R., Vaniman, D., Williams, R. M. E., Yingst, A., Lewis, K., Cleghorn, T., Huntress, W., Manhes, G., Hudgins, J., Olson, T., Stewart, N., Sarrazin, P., Grant, J., Vicenzi, E., Wilson, S. A., Bullock, M., Ehresmann, B., Hamilton, V., Hassler, D., Peterson, J., Rafkin, S., Zeitlin, C., Fedosov, F., Golovin, D., Karpushkina, N., Kozyrev, A., Litvak, M., Malakhov, A., Mitrofanov, I., Mokrousov, M., Nikiforov, S., Prokhorov, V., Sanin, A., Tretyakov, V., Varenikov, A., Vostrukhin, A., Kuzmin, R., Clark, B., Wolff, M., McLennan, S., Botta, O., Drake, D., Bean, K., Lemmon, M., Schwenzer, S. P., Anderson, R. B., Herkenhoff, K., Lee, E. M., Sucharski, R., Hernandez, M. A. d. P., Avalos, J. J. B., Ramos, M., Kim, M.-H., Malespin, C., Plante, I., Muller, J.-P., Navarro-Gonzalez, R., Ewing, R., Boynton, W., Downs, R., Fitzgibbon, M., Harshman, K., Morrison, S., Dietrich, W., Kortmann, O., Palucis, M., Sumner, D. Y., Williams, A., Lugmair, G., Wilson, M. A., Rubin, D., Jakosky, B., Balic-Zunic, T., Frydenvang, J., Jensen, J. K., Kinch, K., Koefoed, A., Madsen, M. B., Stipp, S. L. S., Boyd, N., Campbell, J. L., Gellert, R., Perrett, G., Pradler, I., VanBommel, S., Jacob, S., Rowland, S., Savijarvi, H., Boehm, E., Bottcher, S., Burmeister, S., Guo, J., Kohler, J., Garcia, C. M., Mueller-Mellin, R., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R., Bridges, J. C., McConnochie, T., Benna, M., Bower, H., Brunner, A., Blau, H., Boucher, T., Carmosino, M., Elliott, H., Halleaux, D., Renno, N., Elliott, B., Spray, J., Thompson, L., Gordon, S., Newsom, H., Ollila, A., Williams, J., Vasconcelos, P., Bentz, J., Nealson, K., Popa, R., Kah, L. C., Moersch, J., Tate, C., Day, M., Kocurek, G., Hallet, B., Sletten, R., Francis, R., McCullough, E., Cloutis, E., ten Kate, I. L., Arvidson, R., Fraeman, A., Scholes, D., Slavney, S., Stein, T., Ward, J., Berger, J., Moores, J. E., GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MSL Science Team, NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, and Petrology

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Curiosity rover, chemistry.chemical_element, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mars, MSL Mars Atmosphere Isotopis Composition, martian atmosphere, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Isotopic signature, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, MSL, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Martian, Multidisciplinary, δ13C, Atmosphere of Mars, Nitrogen, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Sample Analysis at Mars, Carbon dioxide, Environmental science, Carbon monoxide
Abstract

Mars' Atmosphere from Curiosity The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument on the Curiosity rover that landed on Mars in August last year is designed to study the chemical and isotopic composition of the martian atmosphere. Mahaffy et al. (p. 263 ) present volume-mixing ratios of Mars' five major atmospheric constituents (CO 2 , Ar, N 2 , O 2 , and CO) and isotope measurements of 40 Ar/ 36 Ar and C and O in CO 2 , based on data from one of SAM's instruments, obtained between 31 August and 21 November 2012. Webster et al. (p. 260 ) used data from another of SAM's instruments obtained around the same period to determine isotope ratios of H, C, and O in atmospheric CO 2 and H 2 O. Agreement between the isotopic ratios measured by SAM with those of martian meteorites, measured in laboratories on Earth, confirms the origin of these meteorites and implies that the current atmospheric reservoirs of CO 2 and H 2 O were largely established after the period of early atmospheric loss some 4 billion years ago.

Published
2013
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49. Curiosity at Gale Crater, Mars: Characterization and analysis of the rocknest sand shadow

Author

Blake, D. F., Morris, R. V., Kocurek, G., Morrison, S. M., Downs, R. T., Bish, D., Ming, D. W., Edgett, K. S., Rubin, D., Goetz, W., Madsen, M. B., Sullivan, R., Gellert, R., Campbell, I., Treiman, A. H., McLennan, S. M., Yen, A. S., Grotzinger, J., Vaniman, D. T., Chipera, S. J., Achilles, C. N., Rampe, E. B., Sumner, D., Meslin, P.- Y., Maurice, S., Forni, O., Gasnault, O., Fisk, M., Schmidt, M., Mahaffy, P., Leshin, L. A., Glavin, D., Steele, A., Freissinet, C., Navarro-Gonzalez, R., Yingst, R. A., Kah, L. C., Bridges, N., Lewis, K. W., Bristow, T. F., Farmer, J. D., Crisp, J. A., Stolper, E. M., Des Marais, D. J., Sarrazin, P., Agard, C., Alves Verdasca, J. A., Anderson, R., Archer, D., Armiens-Aparicio, C., Arvidson, R., Atlaskin, E., Atreya, S., Aubrey, A., Baker, B., Baker, M., Balic-Zunic, T., Baratoux, D., Baroukh, J., Barraclough, B., Bean, K., Beegle, L., Behar, A., Bell, J., Bender, S., Benna, M., Bentz, J., Berger, G., Berger, J., Berman, D., Blanco Avalos, J. J., Blaney, D., Blank, J., Blau, H., Bleacher, L., Boehm, E., Botta, O., Bottcher, S., Boucher, T., Bower, H., Boyd, N., Boynton, B., Breves, E., Bridges, J., Brinckerhoff, W., Brinza, D., Brunet, C., Brunner, A., Brunner, W., Buch, A., Bullock, M., Burmeister, S., Cabane, M., Calef, F., Cameron, J., Cantor, B., Caplinger, M., Rodriguez, J. C., Carmosino, M., Blazquez, I. C., Charpentier, A., Choi, D., Clark, B., Clegg, S., Cleghorn, T., Cloutis, E., Cody, G., Coll, P., Conrad, P., Coscia, D., Cousin, A., Cremers, D., Cros, A., Cucinotta, F., d'Uston, C., Davis, S., Day, M., Juarez, M. d. l. T., DeFlores, L., DeLapp, D., DeMarines, J., Dietrich, W., Dingler, R., Donny, C., Drake, D., Dromart, G., Dupont, A., Duston, B., Dworkin, J., Dyar, M. D., Edgar, L., Edwards, C., Edwards, L., Ehlmann, B., Ehresmann, B., Eigenbrode, J., Elliott, B., Elliott, H., Ewing, R., Fabre, C., Fairen, A., Farley, K., Fassett, C., Favot, L., Fay, D., Fedosov, F., Feldman, J., Feldman, S., Fitzgibbon, M., Flesch, G., Floyd, M., Fluckiger, L., Fraeman, A., Francis, R., Francois, P., Franz, H., French, K. L., Frydenvang, J., Gaboriaud, A., Gailhanou, M., Garvin, J., Geffroy, C., Genzer, M., Godber, A., Goesmann, F., Golovin, D., Gomez, F. G., Gomez-Elvira, J., Gondet, B., Gordon, S., Gorevan, S., Grant, J., Griffes, J., Grinspoon, D., Guillemot, P., Guo, J., Gupta, S., Guzewich, S., Haberle, R., Halleaux, D., Hallet, B., Hamilton, V., Hardgrove, C., Harker, D., Harpold, D., Harri, A.-M., Harshman, K., Hassler, D., Haukka, H., Hayes, A., Herkenhoff, K., Herrera, P., Hettrich, S., Heydari, E., Hipkin, V., Hoehler, T., Hollingsworth, J., Hudgins, J., Huntress, W., Hurowitz, J., Hviid, S., Iagnemma, K., Indyk, S., Israel, G., Jackson, R., Jacob, S., Jakosky, B., Jensen, E., Jensen, J. K., Johnson, J., Johnson, M., Johnstone, S., Jones, A., Jones, J., Joseph, J., Jun, I., Kahanpaa, H., Kahre, M., Karpushkina, N., Kasprzak, W., Kauhanen, J., Keely, L., Kemppinen, O., Keymeulen, D., Kim, M.-H., Kinch, K., King, P., Kirkland, L., Koefoed, A., Kohler, J., Kortmann, O., Kozyrev, A., Krezoski, J., Krysak, D., Kuzmin, R., Lacour, J. L., Lafaille, V., Langevin, Y., Lanza, N., Lasue, J., Le Mouelic, S., Lee, E. M., Lee, Q.-M., Lees, D., Lefavor, M., Lemmon, M., Lepinette Malvitte, A., Leveille, R., Lewin-Carpintier, E., Li, S., Lipkaman, L., Little, C., Litvak, M., Lorigny, E., Lugmair, G., Lundberg, A., Lyness, E., Maki, J., Malakhov, A., Malespin, C., Malin, M., Mangold, N., Manning, H., Marchand, G., Marin Jimenez, M., Martin Garcia, C., Martin, D., Martin, M., Martinez-Frias, J., Martin-Soler, J., Martin-Torres, F. J., Mauchien, P., McAdam, A., McCartney, E., McConnochie, T., McCullough, E., McEwan, I., McKay, C., McNair, S., Melikechi, N., Meyer, M., Mezzacappa, A., Miller, H., Miller, K., Milliken, R., Minitti, M., Mischna, M., Mitrofanov, I., Moersch, J., Mokrousov, M., Molina Jurado, A., Moores, J., Mora-Sotomayor, L., Morookian, J. M., Mueller-Mellin, R., Muller, J.-P., Munoz Caro, G., Nachon, M., Navarro Lopez, S., Nealson, K., Nefian, A., Nelson, T., Newcombe, M., Newman, C., Newsom, H., Nikiforov, S., Niles, P., Nixon, B., Dobrea, E. N., Nolan, T., Oehler, D., Ollila, A., Olson, T., Owen, T., Pablo, H., Paillet, A., Pallier, E., Palucis, M., Parker, T., Parot, Y., Patel, K., Paton, M., Paulsen, G., Pavlov, A., Pavri, B., Peinado-Gonzalez, V., Pepin, R., Peret, L., Perez, R., Perrett, G., Peterson, J., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P., Pla-Garcia, J., Plante, I., Poitrasson, F., Polkko, J., Popa, R., Posiolova, L., Pradler, I., Prats, B., Prokhorov, V., Purdy, S. W., Raaen, E., Radziemski, L., Rafkin, S., Ramos, M., Raulin, F., Ravine, M., Reitz, G., Renno, N., Rice, M., Richardson, M., Robert, F., Rodriguez Manfredi, J. A., Romeral-Planello, J. J., Rowland, S., Saccoccio, M., Salamon, A., Sandoval, J., Sanin, A., Sans Fuentes, S. A., Saper, L., Sautter, V., Savijarvi, H., Schieber, J., Schmidt, W., Scholes, D., Schoppers, M., Schroder, S., Sebastian Martinez, E., Sengstacken, A., Shterts, R., Siebach, K., Siili, T., Simmonds, J., Sirven, J.-B., Slavney, S., Sletten, R., Smith, M., Sobron Sanchez, P., Spanovich, N., Spray, J., Squyres, S., Stack, K., Stalport, F., Stein, T., Stern, J., Stewart, N., Stipp, S. L. S., Stoiber, K., Sucharski, B., Summons, R., Sun, V., Supulver, K., Sutter, B., Szopa, C., Tate, C., Teinturier, S., ten Kate, I. L., Thomas, P., Thompson, L., Tokar, R., Toplis, M., Torres Redondo, J., Trainer, M., Tretyakov, V., Urqui-O'Callaghan, R., Van Beek, J., Van Beek, T., VanBommel, S., Varenikov, A., Vasavada, A., Vasconcelos, P., Vicenzi, E., Vostrukhin, A., Voytek, M., Wadhwa, M., Ward, J., Webster, C., Weigle, E., Wellington, D., Westall, F., Wiens, R. C., Wilhelm, M. B., Williams, A., Williams, J., Williams, R., Williams, R. B., Wilson, M., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R., Wolff, M., Wong, M., Wray, J., Wu, M., Yana, C., Zeitlin, C., Zimdar, R., Zorzano Mier, M.-P., GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Geology [Tucson], University of Arizona, Department of Geological Sciences [Bloomington], Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System-Indiana University System, Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, and Petrology

Subjects
Basalt, Meridiani Planum, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Curiosity rover, Geochemistry, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mars Exploration Program, Exploration of Mars, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Impact crater, 13. Climate action, MSL Mars Gale Crater Rocknest, Rocknest, 0103 physical sciences, Sample Analysis at Mars, Aeolian processes, MSL, Rocknest aeolian deposit, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The Rocknest aeolian deposit is similar to aeolian features analyzed by the Mars Exploration Rovers (MERs) Spirit and Opportunity. The fraction of sand

Published
2013
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50. The Petrochemistry of Jake_M: A Martian Mugearite

Author

Stolper, E. M., Baker, M. B., Newcombe, M. E., Schmidt, M. E., Treiman, A. H., Cousin, A., Dyar, M. D., Fisk, M. R., Gellert, R., King, P. L., Leshin, L., Maurice, S., McLennan, S. M., Minitti, M. E., Perrett, G., Rowland, S., Sautter, V., Wiens, R. C., Kemppinen, O., Bridges, N., Johnson, J. R., Cremers, D., Bell, J. F., Edgar, L., Farmer, J., Godber, A., Wadhwa, M., Wellington, D., McEwan, I., Newman, C., Richardson, M., Charpentier, A., Peret, L., Blank, J., Weigle, G., Li, S., Milliken, R., Robertson, K., Sun, V., Edwards, C., Ehlmann, B., Farley, K., Griffes, J., Grotzinger, J., Miller, H., Pilorget, C., Rice, M., Siebach, K., Stack, K., Brunet, C., Hipkin, V., Leveille, R., Marchand, G., Sanchez, P. S., Favot, L., Cody, G., Steele, A., Fluckiger, L., Lees, D., Nefian, A., Martin, M., Gailhanou, M., Westall, F., Israel, G., Agard, C., Baroukh, J., Donny, C., Gaboriaud, A., Guillemot, P., Lafaille, V., Lorigny, E., Paillet, A., Perez, R., Saccoccio, M., Yana, C., Armiens-Aparicio, C., Rodriguez, J. C., Blazquez, I. C., Gomez, F. G., Gomez-Elvira, J., Hettrich, S., Malvitte, A. L., Jimenez, M. M., Martinez-Frias, J., Martin-Soler, J., Martin-Torres, F. J., Jurado, A. M., Mora-Sotomayor, L., Caro, G. M., Lopez, S. N., Peinado-Gonzalez, V., Pla-Garcia, J., Manfredi, J. A. R., Romeral-Planello, J. J., Fuentes, S. A. S., Martinez, E. S., Redondo, J. T., Urqui-O'Callaghan, R., Mier, M.-P. Z., Chipera, S., Lacour, J.-L., Mauchien, P., Sirven, J.-B., Manning, H., Fairen, A., Hayes, A., Joseph, J., Squyres, S., Sullivan, R., Thomas, P., Dupont, A., Lundberg, A., Melikechi, N., Mezzacappa, A., DeMarines, J., Grinspoon, D., Reitz, G., Prats, B., Atlaskin, E., Genzer, M., Harri, A.-M., Haukka, H., Kahanpaa, H., Kauhanen, J., Paton, M., Polkko, J., Schmidt, W., Siili, T., Fabre, C., Wray, J., Wilhelm, M. B., Poitrasson, F., Patel, K., Gorevan, S., Indyk, S., Paulsen, G., Gupta, S., Bish, D., Schieber, J., Gondet, B., Langevin, Y., Geffroy, C., Baratoux, D., Berger, G., Cros, A., d'Uston, C., Forni, O., Gasnault, O., Lasue, J., Lee, Q.-M., Meslin, P.-Y., Pallier, E., Parot, Y., Pinet, P., Schroder, S., Toplis, M., Lewin, E., Brunner, W., Heydari, E., Achilles, C., Oehler, D., Sutter, B., Cabane, M., Coscia, D., Szopa, C., Teinturier, S., Dromart, G., Robert, F., Le Mouelic, S., Mangold, N., Nachon, M., Buch, A., Stalport, F., Coll, P., Francois, P., Raulin, F., Cameron, J., Clegg, S., DeLapp, D., Dingler, R., Jackson, R. S., Johnstone, S., Lanza, N., Little, C., Nelson, T., Williams, R. B., Kirkland, L., Baker, B., Cantor, B., Caplinger, M., Davis, S., Duston, B., Edgett, K., Fay, D., Hardgrove, C., Harker, D., Herrera, P., Jensen, E., Kennedy, M. R., Krezoski, G., Krysak, D., Lipkaman, L., Malin, M., McCartney, E., McNair, S., Nixon, B., Posiolova, L., Ravine, M., Salamon, A., Saper, L., Stoiber, K., Supulver, K., Van Beek, J., Van Beek, T., Zimdar, R., French, K. L., Iagnemma, K., Miller, K., Summons, R., Goesmann, F., Goetz, W., Hviid, S., Johnson, M., Lefavor, M., Lyness, E., Breves, E., Fassett, C., Blake, D. F., Bristow, T., DesMarais, D., Edwards, L., Haberle, R., Hoehler, T., Hollingsworth, J., Kahre, M., Keely, L., McKay, C., Bleacher, L., Brinckerhoff, W., Choi, D., Conrad, P., Dworkin, J. P., Eigenbrode, J., Floyd, M., Freissinet, C., Garvin, J., Glavin, D., Harpold, D., Mahaffy, P., Martin, D. K., McAdam, A., Pavlov, A., Raaen, E., Smith, M. D., Stern, J., Tan, F., Trainer, M., Meyer, M., Posner, A., Voytek, M., Anderson, R. C., Aubrey, A., Beegle, L. W., Behar, A., Blaney, D., Brinza, D., Calef, F., Christensen, L., Crisp, J., DeFlores, L., Feldman, J., Feldman, S., Flesch, G., Hurowitz, J., Jun, I., Keymeulen, D., Maki, J., Mischna, M., Morookian, J. M., Parker, T., Pavri, B., Schoppers, M., Sengstacken, A., Simmonds, J. J., Spanovich, N., Juarez, M. d. l. T., Vasavada, A., Webster, C. R., Yen, A., Archer, P. D., Cucinotta, F., Jones, J. H., Ming, D., Morris, R. V., Niles, P., Rampe, E., Nolan, T., Radziemski, L., Barraclough, B., Bender, S., Berman, D., Dobrea, E. N., Tokar, R., Vaniman, D., Williams, R. M. E., Yingst, A., Lewis, K., Cleghorn, T., Huntress, W., Manhes, G., Hudgins, J., Olson, T., Stewart, N., Sarrazin, P., Grant, J., Vicenzi, E., Wilson, S. A., Bullock, M., Ehresmann, B., Hamilton, V., Hassler, D., Peterson, J., Rafkin, S., Zeitlin, C., Fedosov, F., Golovin, D., Karpushkina, N., Kozyrev, A., Litvak, M., Malakhov, A., Mitrofanov, I., Mokrousov, M., Nikiforov, S., Prokhorov, V., Sanin, A., Tretyakov, V., Varenikov, A., Vostrukhin, A., Kuzmin, R., Clark, B., Wolff, M., Botta, O., Drake, D., Bean, K., Lemmon, M., Schwenzer, S. P., Anderson, R. B., Herkenhoff, K., Lee, E. M., Sucharski, R., Hernandez, M. A. d. P., Avalos, J. J. B., Ramos, M., Jones, A., Kim, M.-H., Malespin, C., Plante, I., Muller, J.-P., Navarro-Gonzalez, R., Ewing, R., Boynton, W., Downs, R., Fitzgibbon, M., Harshman, K., Morrison, S., Dietrich, W., Kortmann, O., Palucis, M., Sumner, D. Y., Williams, A., Lugmair, G., Wilson, M. A., Rubin, D., Jakosky, B., Balic-Zunic, T., Frydenvang, J., Jensen, J. K., Kinch, K., Koefoed, A., Madsen, M. B., Stipp, S. L. S., Boyd, N., Campbell, J. L., Pradler, I., VanBommel, S., Jacob, S., Owen, T., Savijarvi, H., Boehm, E., Bottcher, S., Burmeister, S., Guo, J., Kohler, J., Garcia, C. M., Mueller-Mellin, R., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R., Bridges, J. C., McConnochie, T., Benna, M., Franz, H., Bower, H., Brunner, A., Blau, H., Boucher, T., Carmosino, M., Atreya, S., Elliott, H., Halleaux, D., Renno, N., Wong, M., Pepin, R., Elliott, B., Spray, J., Thompson, L., Gordon, S., Newsom, H., Ollila, A., Williams, J., Vasconcelos, P., Bentz, J., Nealson, K., Popa, R., Kah, L. C., Moersch, J., Tate, C., Day, M., Kocurek, G., Hallet, B., Sletten, R., Francis, R., McCullough, E., Cloutis, E., ten Kate, I. L., Arvidson, R., Fraeman, A., Scholes, D., Slavney, S., Stein, T., Ward, J., Berger, J., Moores, J. E., GeoRessources, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth Sciences [St. Catharines], Brock University [Canada], Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mount Holyoke College, Oregon State University (OSU), University of Guelph, Research School of Earth Sciences [Canberra] (RSES), Australian National University (ANU), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), State University of New York (SUNY), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), University of Hawaii, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MSL Science Team, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Curiosity rover, Geochemistry, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Jake_M: a martian mugearite, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nepheline, MSL, Chemical composition, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Martian, Phonolite, Multidisciplinary, Fractional crystallization (geology), petrochemistry, Igneous rock, Planetary science, MSL Mars Petrochemistry, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Petrochemistry, Geology, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract

International audience; "Jake_M," the first rock analyzed by the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer instrument on the Curiosity rover, differs substantially in chemical composition from other known martian igneous rocks: It is alkaline (>15% normative nepheline) and relatively fractionated. Jake_M is compositionally similar to terrestrial mugearites, a rock type typically found at ocean islands and continental rifts. By analogy with these comparable terrestrial rocks, Jake_M could have been produced by extensive fractional crystallization of a primary alkaline or transitional magma at elevated pressure, with or without elevated water contents. The discovery of Jake_M suggests that alkaline magmas may be more abundant on Mars than on Earth and that Curiosity could encounter even more fractionated alkaline rocks (for example, phonolites and trachytes).

Published
2013
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