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The cognitive, social, and emotional growth of children are all improved when their parents are actively concerned in their early education. The purpose of this research is to examine how parental participation influences children's academic and social-emotional growth in public preschools. Peshawar parents who sent their kids to public school were surveyed using a quantitative methodology that have a questionnaire. The results show that children's academic achievement and social-emotional development benefit from parents' participation in early childhood education. Families in Peshawar who have children enrolled in school are the subjects of the research. Participants were chosen using a convenience sampling method, and there were a total of 476 people in the study's sample. Researchers concluded that public schools should do more to involve parents in their children's early learning.

Purpose of the study: This paper will discuss the gaps in the current and Islamic education systems, focusing on Indo-Pakistan. Islamic education aims to bring attitudinal changes and build a value system among humans that should transform society by promoting love, peace, equality, purity, integrity, forgiveness, and justice. Methodology: This is descriptive research where Islamic education and Contemporary education have been analyzed. Emphasis has been placed on Indo-Pakistan, the Western education system, and the Islamization of education in Pakistan and its future. Principal Findings: As a state, Pakistan comprises politically, geographically, culturally, linguistically, and educationally diverse people. They cannot trace their origins by calling themselves Arabs or Indians. That conflict is reflected in Pakistan's education system – which has lost its identity to be called either religious or contemporary. The moral and ethical standards to bring any positive behavior change are hardly maintained to groom the graduates in the current education system. The Western education left by the British in the Subcontinent, including Pakistan, has its colonial drawbacks, which need to be addressed. Application of this study: In Pakistan and other Islamic states, it is essential to instill Islamic values within the current education system. One of the viable solutions that could make the Muslim world, including Pakistan, move forward is to accept modern-day learning practices and introduce a hybrid education system. A system that safeguards Islam's values and principles and has rich content of research and development in various fields carried out by the West, irrespective of religious affiliation. This study would benefit researchers and policymakers in framing such an education system. The novelty of this study: The paper frames some recommendations to tailor the existing education system according to the Islamic education system.

Purpose of the study: This article's primary objective was to survey tenured faculty members at the universities in Pakistan to determine their attitudes toward Sustainable Development Goal 4. Methodology: Both quantitative and qualitative research design was adopted for this study. A simple random sampling technique was used to obtain data. Semi-structured interview questionnaires were distributed among 20 tenured public sector university faculty members. The target sample of ten-tenured faculty members was selected from two public sectors, and ten were selected from two private sector universities in District Lahore, Pakistan. Principle findings: The full title of SDG 4 is to 'ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all' (Unterhalter, 2019). When it comes to achieving SDG 4, the opinions of the faculty members are of great importance. Most of the faculty members were familiar with sustainable development to some degree. However, they raised the concern that sustainability and Education must be correctly aligned with the objectives laid down under SDG 4. Application of this study: This study would be helpful in all educational institutes of Lahore. The population for this research consisted of all tenured faculty members of District Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The novelty of this study: The study will go into detail regarding the attitudes professors have toward SDG 4 and the steps that must be taken in the classroom to meet SDG 4's objectives.

This work presents modeling, simulation, fabrication, and testing of a novel flow-based electromagnetic energy harvester (F-EMEH) for producing usable electrical energy from the pulsating fluid pressure levels within the pipeline. The power produced by the developed harvester can be effectively utilized for the operation of the wireless monitoring system of pipeline networks. The devised F-EMEH harvester consists of a stationary magnet positioned in the upper cap of the harvester and directly facing the wound coil that is fixed to a flexible latex membrane. The membrane along the coil when exposed to the pulsating fluid flow in the pipeline oscillates with respect to the stationary magnet. This relative motion of the membrane induced the voltage across the coil terminals. The harvester when applied to a pressure amplitude of 625 Pa generated an open circuit voltage of 1.2 V and a maximum load power of 18.6 μW when connected to 4.3 Ω load. Furthermore, when integrated to a voltage rectifier, an open circuit output of 4 V DC is achieved by the device at a pressure of 625 Pa. In addition, with the developed prototype, a 3.6 V, battery is charged up to 3.2 V within 30 min of duration. The voltage and power levels attained by the energy harvester can provide an easy solution for powering wireless sensor nodes mounted on a pipeline network for condition monitoring.

The key objective of the research was to find the effect of communicative language teaching (CLT) on descriptive writing skills among 9th graders. Relevant literature revealed that descriptive writing skills can be enhanced with the help of communicative teaching. The Quasi experimental design was used. To conduct the experiment, six classes from two schools were selected conveniently. for gathering data to achieve the intended objective. Communicative lessons were intervention material. Results showed that communicative teaching had a significant effect on 9th graders skills of description in terms of writing. The outcome of research tells that CLT is valuable for educationists. Further, it is recommended for teaching of writing any literary genre.

The development of special wearable/portable electronic devices for health monitoring is rapidly growing to cope with different health parameters. The emergence of wearable devices and its growing demand has widened the scope of self-powered wearable devices with the possibility to eliminate batteries. For instance, the wearable thermoelectric energy harvester (TEEH) is an alternate to batteries, which has been used in this study to develop four different self-powered wearable jacket prototypes and experimentally validated. It is observed that the thermal resistance of the cold side without a heat sink of prototype 4 is much greater than the rest of the proposed prototypes. Besides that, the thermal resistance of prototype 4 heat sinks is even lower among all proposed prototypes. Therefore, prototype 4 would have a relatively higher heat transfer coefficient which results in improved power generation. Moreover, an increase in heat transfer coefficient is observed with an increase in the temperature difference of the cold and hot sides of a TEEH. Thus, on the cold side, a heat flow increases which benefits heat dissipation and in turn reduces the thermal resistance of the heat sink. Besides that, the developed prototypes on people show that power generation is also affected by factors like ambient temperature, person’s activity, and wind breeze and does not depend on the metabolism. A different mechanism has been explored to maximize the power output within a 16.0 cm2 area, in order to justify the wearability of the energy harvester. Furthermore, it is observed that during the sunlight, any material covering the TEEH would improve the performance of prototypes. Prototypes are integrated into jacket and studied extensively. The TEEH system was designed to produce a maximum delivering power and power density of 699.71 μW and 43.73 μW/cm2, respectively. Moreover, the maximum voltage produced is 62.6 mV at an optimal load of 5.6 Ω. Furthermore, the TEEH (prototype 4) is connected to a power management circuit of ECT310 and LTC3108 and has been able to power 18 LEDs.

In this Letter, we present and experimentally validate the first direct hyperspectral dual-comb gas imaging system operating in the mid-infrared region. This method provides an unmatched combination of super-fine spectral characterization and high temporal resolution without the need for thermal contrast between the target molecules and the background. In a proof-of-concept experiment, the system has allowed us to perform precision hyperspectral imaging of butane in the 3.4 µm band with a time resolution of 1 s. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (TEC2017-86271-R); H2020 European Research Council (777222).

Harvesting biomechanical energy is a viable solution to sustainably powering wearable electronics for continuous health monitoring, remote sensing, and motion tracking. A hybrid insole energy harvester (HIEH), capable of harvesting energy from low-frequency walking step motion, to supply power to wearable sensors, has been reported in this paper. The multimodal and multi-degrees-of-freedom low frequency walking energy harvester has a lightweight of 33.2 g and occupies a small volume of 44.1 cm3. Experimentally, the HIEH exhibits six resonant frequencies, corresponding to the resonances of the intermediate square spiral planar spring at 9.7, 41 Hz, 50 Hz, and 55 Hz, the Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) beam-I at 16.5 Hz and PVDF beam-II at 25 Hz. The upper and lower electromagnetic (EM) generators are capable of delivering peak powers of 58 &micro, W and 51 &micro, W under 0.6 g, by EM induction at 9.7 Hz, across optimum load resistances of 13.5 Ω and 16.5 Ω, respectively. Moreover, PVDF-I and PVDF-II generate root mean square (RMS) voltages of 3.34 V and 3.83 V across 9 MΩ load resistance, under 0.6 g base acceleration. As compared to individual harvesting units, the hybrid harvester performed much better, generated about 7 V open-circuit voltage and charged a 100 &micro, F capacitor up to 2.9 V using a hand movement for about eight minutes, which is 30% more voltage than the standalone piezoelectric unit in the same amount of time. The designed HIEH can be a potential mobile source to sustainably power wearable electronics and wireless body sensors.

Even though dual-comb-based systems are employed almost routinely nowadays in an ever-increasing number of applica-tions, an efficient combination of this effective technique withan imaging arrangement, which would undoubtedly revolu-tionize hyperspectral imaging, had not yet been demonstrated. Here we present, to our knowledge, the first hyperspectral dual-comb imaging system in which interferograms are directly detected by a video camera. The system, based on a dual-comb scheme capable of consistently generating interfer-ograms at a rate of 1 Hz and below, combines fast hyperspectral imaging with unprecedented optical resolution and fully multiplex operation. Various proof-of-principle experiments demonstrating hyperspectral imaging of molecular resonances have proved that the direct hyperspectral dual-comb imaging method presented here is capable of characterizing a scene with super-fine resolution in a narrow optical span within 1 s. European Commission (ATTRACT project Grant Agreement 777222)

The study investigated family interference with work conflict (FIW) among female teachers based on selected demographic variables and its impact on their job performance; with job performance as the dependent variable and FIW the independent variable. The data was gathered from 295 female teachers from fifteen FEF girls’ degree colleges across Khyber Pakhtunkhwa through a survey questionnaire of 42 closed-end items on five-point Likert scale. Of the total 295 teachers, 220 respondents including 177 married and 43 unmarried returned the questionnaire. The findings divulged that the teachers faced FIW with different magnitude based on various demographic factors and has an adverse impact on their job performance. The findings are useful for researchers, policy makers, teacher and employers as they give an insight into the female teachers’ problems in their efforts of balancing their roles in family and work domains

BACKGROUND Complex soft-tissue defects of the distal third of the leg, proximal third of foot and similar wounds around the ankle represent formidable foes for plastic surgeons. This study compared the outcome of 2-staged interpolated flap design versus single stage islanded flap design of reverse flow superficial sural artery flap. METHODS Thirty-four patients were enrolled, while half randomly underwent interpolated flap design (group A) and for half, islanded flap design (group B). The outcome measures were frequency of epidermolysis, flap-tip necrosis, partial flap loss, total flap loss and number of secondary procedures required for addressing these complications. RESULTS Among patients, 79.41% were male and 20.58% were females. The age range was 12-51 years (mean: 28.82±10.76 years). The wound locations were hind foot (50%), ankles (17.64%), heel (14.70%), distal third of leg (11.76%) and dorsum of proximal third of foot (5.88%). In group B, epidermolysis was noted in 35.29% of flaps, and flap tip necrosis and partial flap necrosis in 17.64%. In group A, 5.88% were tip necrosis with no other problems. In group B, 76.47% of secondary procedures were done to address various flap related complications, whereas in group A, 5.88% additional procedures were required to address the flap tip necrosis. CONCLUSION The reverse flow superficial sural artery flap constituted a practical solution to address complex defects of the distal leg, ankle, heel and proximal foot. The 2-staged interpolated flap design considerably enhanced the flap reliability and reduced the frequency of venous congestion and resultant flap necrosis of variable proportions.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Ilizarov ring fixator with intercalary bone transport in the infected non-union tibia treatment. Study Design: A quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration: In the Orthopaedic department of Capital Hospital Islamabad for two-year duration from March 2017 to March 2019. Methodology: Sixteen patients with non-unionized infected tibia (type IV osteomyelitis Lax / Cierney), all male and age range of 20-60 years with 32 years mean age; The most common cause was open fracture and the most common site was lower 1/3. In infected tibia with sinus drainage, a wound smear was performed for sensitivity and culture and a sinogram was performed. Sequestrectomy and debridement were performed leaving gap between 2 and 8 cm (mean 4.5 cm) and Ilizarov ring fixator. A navigation cable was passed through the medial malleolus, the irrigation system was installed, and the wound was sealed in a one layer. A proximal metaphysical corticotomy was performed. For five days, normal saline of two to three litters and irrigation with proper antibiotics were started. On the fifth day, the removal of irrigation system was done, and transport began. Patients endured partially loaded until soft tissue healing occurred. Transport was carried out at a speed of 1 mm / day with the navigation cable until the coupling was achieved. After healing of soft tissues, it allowed to support all weight; Physiotherapy of the ankle and knee started from the first day. After 2-3 weeks of coupling; navigation cable was disconnected. 12 to 27 months was the follow-up time with 16 months mean. Results: In each case, the union was achieved during the removal of the frame, ie between 8-13 months. The union duration at the site of placement ranged from 3.5 months to 6 months with 4.5 months mean. The bone grafting required in 2 patients at the insertion site. In a regenerated state, it was broken due to the plaster-treated fall. All subjects were gratified except one 60-year-old patient with knee osteoarthritis in severe stage. In all patients; Pin tract infection occurred and was inactivated by proper antibiotics. Infection was reduced in all cases except two cases who underwent local flap debridement. Conclusion: Intercalary bone transplantation with the Ilizarov ring fixator is the preferred treatment for non-union of the loose and infected tibia without discrepancy in the length of the leg. Key Words: Ilizarov ring fixator, infection, non-unionized tibia, navigation cable, external fixator.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition that causes pain, numbness, tingling in the hand and arm. When the major Median nerve passing underneath the transverse carpal ligament gets squeezed or compressed it causes the symptoms. This continuous compression ultimately leads to the functional impairment and local ischemia of the nerve. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome and commonly reported symptoms in laboratory workers and its associated factors Methods: It was a cross-sectional study in which 225 participants met the inclusion criteria by using “Boston Carpal tunnel Questionnaire. Data was analyzed through IBM SPSS version 21.0. Results: Out of 225 participants, 57 were had severe symptoms with the prevalence of 25.3%. Females were more affected than males (58% > 42%) in severely affected group. Technicians were more affected than the attendants (91.2% and 8.8% respectively). Conclusion: Current study concluded that laboratory workers have more risk to develop CTS especially women with dominant hand. Key Words: Carpal tunnel syndrome, laboratory workers, risk factors.

This paper reports a suspended coil, electromagnetic acoustic energy harvester (AEH) for extracting acoustical energy. The developed AEH comprises Helmholtz resonator (HR), a wound coil bonded to a flexible membrane and a permanent magnet placed in a magnet holder. The harvester’s performance is analyzed under different sound pressure levels (SPLs) both in laboratory and in real environment. In laboratory, when connected to 50 Ω load resistance and subjected to an SPL of 100 dB, the AEH generated a peak load voltage of 198.7 mV at the resonant frequency of 319 Hz. When working under the optimum load resistance, the AEH generated an optimum load power of 789.65 µW. In real environment, the developed AEH produced a maximum voltage of 25 mV when exposed to the acoustic noise of a motorcycle and generated an optimum voltage of 60 mV when it is placed in the surroundings of a domestic electrical generator.

Today, the advancements in urban technology have transformed into the concept of smart cities. These smart cities are envisioned to be heavily dependent on wireless sensor networks and internet of things. In this context, a number of routing protocols have been proposed in literature for use in sensor networks. We articulate on why these routing protocols need to be segregated on the basis of their operational mechanism and utility, so that selection of these protocols results in network longevity and improved performance. We classify these protocols in four categories in terms of topology incognizant, data centric, location assisted and mobility based protocols. We identify the prevailing open issues to make space for more productive research and propose how these categories may be useful in terms of their operational utility., Accepted in IEEE 24th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC) 2018

TCP parameters in most of the operating systems are optimized for generic home and office environments having low latencies in their internal networks. However, this arrangement invariably results in a compromized network performance when same parameters are straight away slotted into a datacenter environment. We identify key TCP parameters that have a major impact on network performance based on the study and comparative analysis of home and datacenter environments. We discuss certain criteria for the modification of TCP parameters and support our analysis with simulation results that validate the performance improvement in case of datacenter environment., Accepted in IEEE 2018 4th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and System Engineering (ICEESE)

The study investigated family interference with work conflict (FIW) among female teachers based on selected demographic variables and its impact on their job performance; with job performance as the dependent variable and FIW the independent variable. The data was gathered from 295 female teachers from fifteen FEF girls’ degree colleges across Khyber Pakhtunkhwa through a survey questionnaire of 42 closed-end items on five-point Likert scale. Of the total 295 teachers, 220 respondents including 177 married and 43 unmarried returned the questionnaire. The findings divulged that the teachers faced FIW with different magnitude based on various demographic factors and has an adverse impact on their job performance. The findings are useful for researchers, policy makers, teacher and employers as they give an insight into the female teachers’ problems in their efforts of balancing their roles in family and work domains.

Objective: To document the clinical presentation of neglected DDH and evaluate the outcome of triple procedure. Methods: It was a descriptive case series study, conducted at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (NIRM), Islamabad over a period of 8-years. It included children aged >1 and

Objective To document the clinical presentation of neglected DDH and evaluate the outcome of triple procedure. Methods It was a descriptive case series study, conducted at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (NIRM), Islamabad over a period of 8-years. It included children aged >1 and

The development of an electrodynamic energy harvester (EDEH) for operating a wireless temperature monitoring system for electrical transformer is reported in this work. Analytical modeling, fabrication and characterization of EDEH prototype are performed. The developed EDEH consists of a mild steel core, a wound copper coil and Teflon housing. COMSOL Multiphysics software is used to optimize the design of the harvester. The split-cylindrical design of the developed EDEH permitted the harvester to be wrapped around the output power cable of the electrical transformer without shutting-off the power or disconnecting the power cable. From the electrical transformer, at current levels of 27, 72 and 155 A in the main power line, the energy harvester produced maximum RMS load voltages of 0.356, 1.09 and 2.58 V respectively, when connected to 100 Ω load resistance. However, at matching impedance of 24 Ω (resistance of the coil), the EDEH produced the maximum power levels of 2.99, 19.66 and 112.03 mW for a cable currents of 27, 72 and 155 A respectively. The simulation results of the devised analytical model of the harvester are in good agreement with the experimental results. Moreover, at a cable current of 93 A, when the harvester is connected to the rectifying circuit, the optimum impedance shifted to 185 Ω and the maximum power of 19 mW is generated at that load. The reduction in power generation is attributed to the power consumption of the rectifying circuit. When the rectified DC voltage is used to charge a 3.8 V, Nickel–Cadmium (Ni–Cd) rechargeable battery, it took 3 h to completely charge the battery from 1 to 3.85 V. With the charged battery a wireless temperature sensor node is successfully operated for monitoring the temperature of the electrical transformer.

Livestock rearing is a common practice in Tehsil Takht-e-Nasrati by the locals to earn their livelihood. Low productivity due to poor health of livestock is major consideration in the study area. In order to know whether this low productivity and poor health might be due to poor quality of forage, ten plant species were analyzed for micro mineral quantification at three phenological stages. Mineral compositions of plants are used to diagnose probable deficiencies in food and forage and nutritional status of plants. Comparison among at vegetative stage of test species and micro nutrients showed that the amount of manganese was found high (64.4mgKg

This study aims to find dynamic interaction between domestic investment, foreign direct investment, and economic growth in Pakistan for the period 1976–2010. Phillips and Perron (PP) test is used to assess unit root in the concerned data series. Johansen cointegration approach applied to examine the long run relationship and Toda-Yamamoto causality approach is exercised to evaluate causal linkages. Besides foreign direct investment inflow to Pakistan and domestic investments variables, this study also used GDP as a third variable in order to avoid misspecification problems in the model and also to know the interrelationship between the variables. The empirical findings of this study reveal the existence of long run relationship between domestic investments, foreign direct investment, and economic growth, further supported by Toda-Yamamoto causality, and bidirectional causality has been found between FDI and domestic investment implying that both domestic investment and FDI cause each other.

Laser direct metal deposition (LDMD) has developed from a prototyping to a single metal manufacturing tool. Its potential for creating multimaterial and functionally graded structures is now beginning to be explored. This work is a first part of a study in which a single layer of Inconel 718 is deposited on Ti-6Al-4V substrate. Single layer tracks were built at a range of powder mass flow rates using a coaxial nozzle and 1.5 kW diode laser operating in both continuous and pulsed beam modes. This part of the study focused on the experimental findings during the deposition of Inconel 718 powder on Ti-6Al-4V substrate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis were performed for characterization and phase identification. Residual stress measurement had been carried out to ascertain the effects of laser pulse parameters on the crack development during the deposition process.

Periploca aphylla is traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments. Phytotoxic activity of crude methanolic extract of P. aphylla was tested on the germination of wheat seeds and on the growth of the germinated seedlings. In both the field and plate studies, the extract showed inhibitory effect on the germination of the growth of root and shoot of the seedlings. The inhibition was found to be dose dependent. The higher concentration of 1000 μg/ml showed maximum inhibitory effect on the growth of root and shoots in the studies of plate as well as on fresh and dry weight of wheat plant. Similarly, the herbicidal activity is also dependent on the concentration of extract. In this study, it was found that inhibitory potential of methanolic extract of P. aphylla increased as 1000 >100 >10 μg/ml. Keywords: Phytotoxic activity, herbicidal activity, germination, plates and field studies, Perifloca aphylla

Phytotoxic activity of crude methanolic extract of Euphorbia prostrata from Euphorbiacae was tested on the germination of wheat seeds and on the growth of the germinated seedlings. In both the field and plate studies, the extract showed inhibitory effect on the germination of the growth of root and shoot of the seedlings. The inhibition was found to be dose dependent. The higher concentration of 1000 μg/ml showed maximum inhibitory effect on the growth of root and shoots in the studies of plate as well as on fresh and dry weight of wheat plant. Similarly, the herbicidal activity is also dependent on the concentration of extract. In this study, it was found that inhibitory potential of methanolic extract of E. prostrata increases as1000 >100 >10 μg/ml. Key words: Phytotoxic activity, herbicidal activity, germination, plates and field studies, Euphorbia prostrate .

Periploca aphylla is used in the treatment of many diseases ethno pharmacologically in Pakistan. In the present manuscript, we demonstrate the antimicrobial effects of P. aphylla.Six different bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) are used in the screening of extract through agar well diffusion technique as well as four different strains of fungi (Fusarium solani, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus) are characterized. Methanolic fraction of P. aphylla showed significant inhibition of bacterial and fungal growth. The potency of these activities is due to the presence of bioactive flavonoids, saponins and phenolic compounds. Key words: Periploca aphylla, antimicrobial activity, Escherichia coli.