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3. Strategies for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Adopted in the “Real-World” Setting: Data From the Italian Register for HIV-1 Infection in Children

Author

Chiappini, Elena, Galli, Luisa, Lisi, Catiuscia, Gabiano, Clara, Esposito, Susanna, Giacomet, Vania, Giaquinto, Carlo, Rampon, Osvalda, Badolato, Raffaele, Genovese, Orazio, Buffolano, Wilma, Osimani, Patrizia, Cellini, Monica, Bernardi, Stefania, Maccabruni, Anna, Dodi, Icilio, Salvini, Filippo, Faldella, Giacomo, Quercia, Michele, Gotta, Cristina, Rabusin, Marco, Natale, Fabio, Mazza, Antonio, Merighi, Mara, Tovo, Pier-Angelo, and de Martino, Maurizio

Published
2018
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5. Risk of Perinatal HIV Infection in Infants Born in Italy to Immigrant Mothers

Author

Chiappini, Elena, Galli, Luisa, Lisi, Catiuscia, Gabiano, Clara, Giaquinto, Carlo, Giacomet, Vania, Buffolano, W., Esposito, Susanna, Badolato, Raffaele, Berbardi, S., Cellini, Monica, Dodi, Icilio, Faldella, Giacomo, Osimani, Patrizia, Genovese, Orazio, Nicastro, Emanuele, Viscoli, Claudio, Salvini, Federico, Tovo, Pier-Angelo, and de Martino, Maurizio

Published
2011
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9. Descrizione dell'evoluzione a lungo termine del fenotipo elettroclinico in una coorte di 40 pazienti con Sindrome di Mowat Wilson

Author

Faldella, Giacomo, Ricci, Emilia <1985>, Faldella, Giacomo, and Ricci, Emilia <1985>

Abstract

Background: La sindrome di Mowat-Wilson (SMW) è una patologia genetica legata ad aploinsufficienza del gene ZEB2. L’epilessia connota la sindrome essendo descritta nel 75%-80% dei pazienti; tuttavia ad oggi pochi studi si sono concentrati sulla descrizione del fenotipo elettroclinico in questa condizione. In particolare, non è finora stata chiarita l’evoluzione a lungo termine dell’epilessia in SMW e le casistiche descritte sono spesso rappresentate da un campione numericamente esiguo. Scopo: valutare l’evoluzione a lungo termine del fenotipo elettroclinico nella SMW individuando anche gli eventuali approcci terapeutici più efficaci. Indagare correlazioni fenotipo/genotipo e chiarire i meccanismi etiopatogenici alla base dell’epilessia fornendo utile feed-back alla ricerca di laboratorio. Pazienti e Metodi: Studio longitudinale retrospettivo di coorte coinvolgente 40 pazienti con diagnosi confermata geneticamente di Sindrome di Mowat-Wilson (22 femmine: 18 maschi) seguiti in follow-up per una durata media del follow-up 11,3 anni. Sono stati centralizzati i dati clinici inerenti l’epilessia ed i tracciati elettroencefalografici, revisionati in cieco da due esperti epilettologi dell’età pediatrica. La popolazione è stata suddivisa in tre fasce d’età, i dati clinici/elettroencefalografici sono stati raccolti per ciascuna di esse quando possibile e confrontati statisticamente. Risultati: ottenuta coorte più numerosa mai descritta finora in termini di epilessia nella SMW, con più prolungato follow-up che ha permesso di evidenziare definito fenotipo elettroclinico età dipendente, sovrapponibile nei diversi pazienti. Conclusioni:L’epilessia è stata descritta per la prima volta nella totalità dei pazienti in età scolare unitamente ad alcune sue caratteristiche di immediato valore nella gestione clinica dei pazienti. Confermata etiologia genetica dell’epilessia con possibilità di ipotizzare più chiaramente coinvolgimento dei circuiti cerebrali cortico-sottocorticali. Non eme, Background: Mowat-Wilson Syndrome (MWS) is a genetic disease related to ZEB2 gene. The underlying mechanism is haploinsufficiency in the majority of patients linked to loss of function mutations. Rare ZEB2 missense mutations have also been described expanding the clinical phenotype. Epilepsy is a cardinal feature of both MWS and ZEB2 mutations. To date, few studies have focused on the electroclinical phenotype in MWS. In particular no long-term follow-up data are available. Aim: to describe the long-term evolution of the electroclinical phenotype in MWS and suggest the most effective treatment. To investigate the possible pathogenic mechanisms of epilepsy in patients with ZEB2 mutations. Methods: longitudinal cohort study. We analyse data of 40 patients (22 females; 18 males) with genetically confirmed MWS, aged 2-31 years (mean age 12,8; median 13,9) at last examination, with mean follow-up of 11 years. Results: all the patients aged >5 years present epilepsy that appears clearly defined and similar across our sample cases. A clear age dependent pattern has been identified. As previously supposed, the involvement of cortical-subcortical circuits appears to be crucial and we can provide solid data on the genetic etiology of epilepsy in MWS. Some antiepileptic drugs seem to be more effective preliminarily. Conclusion: for the first time in literature, the long-term evolution of the electroclinical phenotype has been described in a significant sample of patients with MWS. We also delineate a few therapeutic implications that need to be confirmed with further studies. Moreover, our data suggest some possible assumptions about the pathogenic mechanism of epilepsy in ZEB2 mutations. A next desirable research step should be to evaluate gene expression profiling of GABAergic interneurons derived from cells of MWS patients through induced pluripotent stem cells.

Published
2021

15. Neurodevelopmental Trajectories of Preterm Infants of Italian Native-Born and Migrant Mothers and Role of Neonatal Feeding

Author

Gibertoni, Dino, primary, Sansavini, Alessandra, additional, Savini, Silvia, additional, Locatelli, Chiara, additional, Ancora, Gina, additional, Perrone, Enrica, additional, Ialonardi, Magda, additional, Rucci, Paola, additional, Fantini, Maria Pia, additional, Faldella, Giacomo, additional, and Corvaglia, Luigi, additional

Published
2020
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17. Height and timing of growth spurt during puberty in young people living with vertically acquired HIV in Europe and Thailand

Author

Crichton, Siobhan, Belfrage, Eric, Collins, Intira Jeanne, Doerholt, Katja, Judd, Ali, Le Coeur, Sophie, Spoulou, Vana, Goodall, Ruth, Scherpbier, Henriette, Smit, Colette, Goetghebuer, Tessa, Gibb, Diana M., Noguera, Antoni, Luisa Navarro, Maria, Tomas Ramos, Jose, Galli, Luisa, Giaquinto, Carlo, Thorne, Claire, Santa Ansone, Marczynska, Magdalena, Okhonskaia, Liubov, de Tejada, Begona Martinez, Jourdain, Gonzague, Decker, Luc, Ene, Luminita, Hainaut, Marc, Van der Kelen, Evelyne, Delforge, Marc, de Martino, Maurizio, Tovo, Pier Angelo, Patrizia, Osimani, Larovere, Domenico, Ruggeri, Maurizio, Faldella, Giacomo, Baldi, Francesco, Badolato, Raffaele, Montagnani, Carlotta, Venturini, Elisabetta, Lisi, Catiuscia, Di Biagio, Antonio, Taramasso, Lucia, Giacomet, Vania, Erba, Paola, Esposito, Susanna, Lipreri, Rita, Salvini, Filippo, Tagliabue, Claudia, Cellini, Monica, Bruzzese, Eugenia, Lo Vecchio, Andrea, Rampon, Osvalda, Dona, Daniele, Romano, Amelia, Dodi, Icilio, Maccabruni, Anna, Consolini, Rita, Bernardi, Stefania, Kuekou, Hyppolite Tchidjou, Genovese, Orazio, Olmeo, Paolina, Cristiano, Letizia, Mazza, Antonio, Gabiano, Clara, Garazzino, Silvia, Pellegatta, Antonio, Pajkrt, D., Scherpbier, H. J., Weijsenfeld, A. M., de Boer, C. G., Jurriaans, S., Back, N. K. T., Zaaijer, H. L., Berkhout, B., Cornelissen, M. T. E., Schinkel, C. J., Wolthers, K. C., Fraaij, P. L. A., van Rossum, A. M. C., Vermont, C. L., van der Knaap, L. C., Visser, E. G., Boucher, C. A. B., Koopmans, M. P. G., van Kampen, J. J. A., Pas, S. D., Henriet, S. S., V, van de Flier, M., van Aerde, K., Strik-Albers, R., Rahamat-Langendoen, J., Stelma, F. F., Scholvinck, E. H., de Groot-de Jonge, H., Niesters, H. G. M., van Leer-Buter, C. C., Knoester, M., Bont, L. J., Geelen, S. P. M., Wolfs, T. F. W., Nauta, N., Schuurman, R., Verduyn-Lunel, F., Wensing, A. M. J., Reiss, P., Zaheri, S., Bezemer, D. O., van Sighem, A., I, Smit, C., Wit, F. W. M. N., Hillebregt, M., de Jong, A., Woudstra, T., Bergsma, D., Grivell, S., Meijering, R., Raethke, M., Rutkens, T., de Groot, L., van den Akker, M., Bakker, Y., Bezemer, M., El Berkaoui, A., Geerlinks, J., Koops, J., Kruijne, E., Lodewijk, C., Lucas, E., van der Meer, R., Munjishvili, L., Paling, E., Peeck, B., Ree, C., Regtop, R., Ruijs, Y., van de Sande, L., Schoorl, M., Schnorr, P., Tuijn, E., Veenenberg, L., van der Vliet, S., Wisse, A., Witte, E. C., Tuk, B., Popielska, Jolanta, Pokorska-Spiewak, Maria, Oldakowska, Agnieszka, Zawadka, Konrad, Coupland, Urszula, Doroba, Malgorzata, Voronin, Evgeny, Miloenko, Milana, Labutina, Svetlana, Soler-Palacin, Pere, Antoinette Frick, Maria, Perez-Hoyos, Santiago, Mur, Antonio, Lopez, Nuria, Mendez, Maria, Mayol, Lluis, Vallmanya, Teresa, Calavia, Olga, Garcia, Lourdes, Coll, Maite, Pineda, Valenti, Rius, Neus, Rovira, Nuria, Duenas, Joaquin, Gamell, Anna, Fortuny, Claudia, Noguera-Julian, Antoni, Jose Mellado, Maria, Escosa, Luis, Garcia Hortelano, Milagros, Sainz, Talia, Isabel Gonzalez-Tome, Maria, Rojo, Pablo, Blazquez, Daniel, Prieto, Luis, Guillen, Sara, Saavedra, Jesus, Santos, Mar, Angeles Munoz, Ma, Ruiz, Beatriz, Fernandez Mc Phee, Carolina, Jimenez de Ory, Santiago, Alvarez, Susana, Angel Roa, Miguel, Beceiro, Jose, Martinez, Jorge, Badillo, Katie, Apilanez, Miren, Pocheville, Itziar, Garrote, Elisa, Colino, Elena, Gomez Sirvent, Jorge, Garzon, Monica, Roman, Vicente, Montesdeoca, Abian, Mateo, Mercedes, Jose Munoz, Maria, Angulo, Raquel, Neth, Olaf, Falcon, Lola, Terol, Pedro, Luis Santos, Juan, Moreno, David, Lendinez, Francisco, Grande, Ana, Jose Romero, Francisco, Perez, Carlos, Lillo, Miguel, Losada, Begona, Herranz, Mercedes, Bustillo, Matilde, Guerrero, Carmelo, Collado, Pilar, Antonio Couceiro, Jose, Perez, Amparo, Isabel Piqueras, Ana, Breton, Rafael, Segarra, Inmaculada, Gavilan, Cesar, Jareno, Enrique, Montesinos, Elena, Dapena, Marta, Alvarez, Cristina, Gloria Andres, Ana, Marugan, Victor, Ochoa, Carlos, Alfayate, Santiago, Isabel Menasalvas, Ana, de Miguel, Elisa, Naver, Lars, Soeria-Atmadja, Sandra, Hagas, Vendela, Aebi-Popp, K., Anagnostopoulos, A., Asner, S., Battegay, M., Baumann, M., Bernasconi, E., Boni, J., Braun, D. L., Bucher, H. C., Calmy, A., Cavassini, M., Ciuffi, A., Duppenthaler, A., Dollenmaier, G., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Fehr, J., Fellay, J., Francini, K., Furrer, H., Fux, C. A., Grawe, C., Gunthard, H. F., Haerry, D., Hasse, B., Hirsch, H. H., Hoffmann, M., Hosli, I, Huber, M., Kahlert, C. R., Kaiser, L., Keiser, O., Klimkait, T., Kottanattu, L., Kouyos, R. D., Kovari, H., Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., de Tejada, Martinez B., Marzolini, C., Metzner, K. J., Mueller, N., Nicca, D., Paioni, P., Pantaleo, G., Perreau, M., Polli, Ch, Rauch, A., Rudin, C., Scherrer, A. U., Schmid, P., Speck, R., Stockle, M., Tarr, P., Lecompte, Thanh M., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Wagner, N., Wandeler, G., Weber, R., Wyler, C. A., Yerly, S., Wannarit, Pornpun, Techakunakorn, Pornchai, Hansudewechakul, Rawiwan, Wanchaitanawong, Vanichaya, Theansavettrakul, Sookchai, Nanta, Sirisak, Ngampiyaskul, Chaiwat, Phanomcheong, Siriluk, Hongsiriwon, Suchat, Karnchanamayul, Warit, Kwanchaipanich, Ratchanee, Kanjanavanit, Suparat, Kamonpakorn, Nareerat, Nantarukchaikul, Maneeratn, Layangool, Prapaisri, Mekmullica, Jutarat, Lucksanapisitkul, Paiboon, Watanayothin, Sudarat, Lertpienthum, Narong, Warachit, Boonyarat, Hanpinitsak, Sansanee, Potchalongsin, Sathit, Thanasiri, Pimpraphai, Krikajornkitti, Sawitree, Attavinijtrakarn, Pornsawan, Srirojana, Sakulrat, Bunjongpak, Suthunya, Puangsombat, Achara, Na-Rajsima, Sathaporn, Ananpatharachai, Pornchai, Akarathum, Noppadon, Lawtongkum, Weerasak, An, Prapawan Kheunj, Suriyaboon, Thitiporn, Saipanya, Airada, Than-in-at, Kanchana, Jaisieng, Nirattiya, Suaysod, Rapeepan, Chailoet, Sanuphong, Naratee, Naritsara, Kawilapat, Suttipong, Lyall, Hermione, Bamford, Alasdair, Butler, Karim, Doherty, Conor, Foster, Caroline, Francis, Kate, Harrison, Ian, Kenny, Julia, Klein, Nigel, Letting, Gillian, McMaster, Paddy, Murau, Fungai, Nsangi, Edith, Peters, Helen, Prime, Katia, Riordan, Andrew, Shackley, Fiona, Shingadia, Delane, Storey, Sharon, Tudor-Williams, Gareth, Turkova, Anna, Welch, Steve, Collins, Intira Jeannie, Cook, Claire, Dobson, Donna, Fairbrother, Keith, Harper, Lynda, Le Prevost, Marthe, Van Looy, Nadine, Butler, K., Walsh, A., Thrasyvoulou, L., Welch, S., Bernatoniene, J., Manyika, F., Sharpe, G., Subramaniam, B., Sloper, K., Fidler, K., Hague, R., Price, V, Clapson, M., Flynn, J., Abou-Rayyah, A. Cardoso M., Klein, N., Shingadia, D., Gurtin, D., Yeadon, S., Segal, S., Ball, C., Hawkins, S., Dowie, M., Bandi, S., Percival, E., Eisenhut, M., Duncan, K., Clough, S., Anguvaa, L., Conway, S., Flood, T., Pickering, A., Murphy, P. McMaster C., Daniels, J., Lees, Y., Thompson, F., Williams, B., Pope, S., Cliffe, L., Smyth, A., Southall, S., Freeman, A., Freeman, H., Christie, S., Gordon, A., Clarke, D. Rogahn L., Jones, L., Offerman, B., Greenberg, M., Benson, C., Riordan, A., Ibberson, L., Shackley, F., Faust, S. N., Hancock, J., Doerholt, K., Prime, K., Sharland, M., Storey, S., Lyall, H., Monrose, C., Seery, P., Tudor-Williams, G., Menson, E., Callaghan, A., Bridgwood, A., McMaster, P., Evans, J., Blake, E., Yannoulias, A., European Pregnancy Paediat HIV Coh, Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Fundación Investigación y Educación en Sida, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Fundación Mutua Madrileña, Épidémiologie clinique, santé mère-enfant et VIH en Asie du Sud-Est (IRD_PHPT), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Chiang Mai University (CMU), Pediatrics, and Virology

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Pediatrics, puberty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], humanos, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), adolescente, LETTONIE, CHILDREN, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, GRECE, desarrollo del niño, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Child Development, CHILD_DEVELOPMENT, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, ADOLESCENTS, Immunology and Allergy, Pooled data, 030212 general & internal medicine, SUEDE, Child, estudios de cohortes, ESPAGNE, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Anthropometry, THAILANDE, Europe, growth, height, HIV, perinatal, Thailand, Adolescent, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Puberty, virus diseases, Growth spurt, PAYS BAS, 3. Good health, 17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, AIDS, antirretrovirales, Infectious Diseases, POLOGNE, BELGIQUE, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatric hiv, Epidemiology and Social, ROYAUME UNI, Immunology, MASS, European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) study group, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Virology, medicine, pubertad, Preschool, lactante, ROUMANIE, Science & Technology, business.industry, 06 Biological Sciences, VELOCITY, SUISSE, Regimen, 030104 developmental biology, VIRAL LOAD, antropometría, infecciones por VIH, BODY_HEIGHT, business, IRLANDE, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

The European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) study group., [Objective]: The aim of this study was to describe growth during puberty in young people with vertically acquired HIV. [Design]: Pooled data from 12 paediatric HIV cohorts in Europe and Thailand. [Methods]: One thousand and ninety-four children initiating a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or boosted protease inhibitor based regimen aged 1–10 years were included. Super Imposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) models described growth from age 8 years using three parameters (average height, timing and shape of the growth spurt), dependent on age and height-for-age z-score (HAZ) (WHO references) at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Multivariate regression explored characteristics associated with these three parameters. [Results]: At ART initiation, median age and HAZ was 6.4 [interquartile range (IQR): 2.8, 9.0] years and −1.2 (IQR: −2.3 to −0.2), respectively. Median follow-up was 9.1 (IQR: 6.9, 11.4) years. In girls, older age and lower HAZ at ART initiation were independently associated with a growth spurt which occurred 0.41 (95% confidence interval 0.20–0.62) years later in children starting ART age 6 to 10 years compared with 1 to 2 years and 1.50 (1.21–1.78) years later in those starting with HAZ less than −3 compared with HAZ at least −1. Later growth spurts in girls resulted in continued height growth into later adolescence. In boys starting ART with HAZ less than −1, growth spurts were later in children starting ART in the oldest age group, but for HAZ at least −1, there was no association with age. Girls and boys who initiated ART with HAZ at least −1 maintained a similar height to the WHO reference mean. [Conclusion]: Stunting at ART initiation was associated with later growth spurts in girls. Children with HAZ at least −1 at ART initiation grew in height at the level expected in HIV negative children of a comparable age., This work has been partially funded by the Fundación para la Investigación y Prevención de SIDA en España (FIPSE) (FIPSE 3608229/09, FIPSE 240800/09, FIPSE 361910/10), Red Temática de Investigación en SIDA (RED RIS) supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (RD12/0017/0035 and RD12/0017/0037), project as part of the Plan R+D+I and cofinanced by ISCIII- Subdirección General de Evaluación and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER),Mutua Madrileña 2012/0077, Gilead Fellowship 2013/0071, FIS PI15/00694,CoRISpe (RED RIS RD06/0006/0035 y RD06/0006/0021).

Published
2019
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18. Ruolo dell'ecografia polmonare nella gestione della bronchiolite acuta

Author

Faldella, Giacomo, Biagi, Carlotta <1984>, Faldella, Giacomo, and Biagi, Carlotta <1984>

Abstract

Introduzione: Nonostante l’esistenza di linee guida che scoraggiano il ricorso routinario alla radiografia (Rx) toracica nella bronchiolite acuta, essa è ancora eseguita in oltre il 50% dei soggetti ricoverati, perlopiù nel sospetto di infezione batterica polmonare, con conseguente esposizione non giustificata a radiazioni ionizzanti. Obiettivo primario dello studio è stato valutare sensibilità e specificità dell’ecografia nella diagnosi di polmonite batterica in corso di bronchiolite. Obiettivi secondari sono stati calcolare la concordanza inter-operatore (pediatra versus radiologo) nella diagnosi ecografica di tale complicanza e indagare l’esistenza di indicatori ecografici predittivi del decorso clinico. Materiali e metodi: Sono stati arruolati i pazienti con bronchiolite ricoverati presso la Pediatria d’Urgenza del S.Orsola negli anni 2016-2019 e sottoposti a Rx toracica per sospetta polmonite batterica. Ciascun soggetto è stato sottoposto ad ecografia polmonare da parte di un pediatria. I primi 30 arruolati hanno ricevuto una seconda ecografia eseguita in cieco da un radiologo. Il riscontro di consolidamento con broncogramma è stato considerato indicativo di polmonite batterica. Il gold standard diagnostico utilizzato è stata la diagnosi finale posta da un pediatra esperto all’oscuro dell’ecografia. Risultati: 33/115 pazienti hanno ricevuto la diagnosi finale di bronchiolite complicata da polmonite batterica. Sensibilità e specificità dell’ecografia rispetto alla Rx nella diagnosi di tale complicanza sono risultate rispettivamente 97.0% e 82.9% versus 87.9% e 76.8%. La concordanza ecografica inter-operatore radiologo/pediatra è risultata ottima (K 0.93). Negli 82 pazienti con bronchiolite semplice la presenza di linee B confluenti è risultata correlare con il Clinical Score (p 0.037) e la necessità di ossigenoterapia (p 0.015), il riscontro di consolidamenti subpleurici con una durata maggiore della degenza (p 0.026). Conclusioni: L’inclusione dell’ecografia po, Background: Guidelines currently do not recommend the routine use of chest x-ray (CXR) in acute bronchiolitis (AB). However, CXR is still performed in a high percentage of cases, mainly to rule out bacterial pneumonia, resulting in children exposure to ionizing radiations. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of LUS for the detection of pneumonia in AB and to assess the correlation between LUS findings and AB severity. Methods: We enrolled children admitted to our hospital in 2016-2019 with a diagnosis of AB and undergone CXR because of clinical suspicion of bacterial pneumonia. LUS was performed in each child by a pediatrician. An exploratory analysis was done in the first 30 patients to evaluate the inter-observer agreement between a pediatrician and a radiologist who independently performed LUS. The diagnosis of pneumonia was established by an expert clinician based on the recommendations of the British Thoracic Society guidelines. Results: A final diagnosis of concomitant bacterial pneumonia was made in 33/115 patients with AB. Sensitivity and specificity of LUS and CXR for the diagnosis of pneumonia were respectively 97.0% and 82.9% versus 87.9% and 76.8%. Cohen's kappa between pediatrician and radiologist sonologists showed a high agreement (K 0.93). A significant correlation emerged between the LUS findings and the severity of AB. Confluents B lines correlate with clinical score (p 0.037) and need for oxygen therapy (p 0.015), and subpleural consolidations correlate with longer hospital stay (p 0.026). Conclusions: This study shows the good accuracy of LUS in diagnosing bacterial pneumonia in children with AB, together with a high inter-observer agreement. Moreover, if confirmed in future studies, LUS may emerge as a useful technique to predict the clinical course of AB and to help clinician in the management of this disease.

Published
2020

19. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants and correlation with meteorological factors and air pollutants

Author

Vandini Silvia, Corvaglia Luigi, Alessandroni Rosina, Aquilano Giulia, Marsico Concetta, Spinelli Marica, Lanari Marcello, and Faldella Giacomo

Subjects
Respitatory syncytial virus, Bronchiolitis, Temperature, Humidity, Air pollution, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Abstract Background Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the most important cause of severe respiratory infections in infants with seasonal epidemics. Environmental factors (temperature, humidity, air pollution) could influence RSV epidemics through their effects on virus activity and diffusion. Methods We conducted a retrospective study on a paediatric population who referred to our Paediatric Emergency Unit in order to analyze the correlation between weekly incidence of RSV positive cases during winter season in Bologna and meteorological factors and air pollutants concentration. Results We observed a significant correlation between the incidence of RSV infections and the mean minimum temperature registered during the same week and the previous weeks. The weekly number of RSV positive cases was also correlated to the mean PM10 concentration of the week before. Conclusions RSV epidemic trend in Bologna (Italy) is related to the mean minimum temperature, and the mean PM10 concentration.

Published
2013
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20. Biomarkers of Kidney Injury in Very-low-birth-weight Preterm Infants: Influence of Maternal and Neonatal Factors

Author

CAPELLI, IRENE, primary, VITALI, FRANCESCA, additional, ZAPPULO, FULVIA, additional, MARTINI, SILVIA, additional, DONADEI, CHIARA, additional, CAPPUCCILLI, MARIA, additional, LEONARDI, LUCA, additional, GIRARDI, ANNA, additional, AIELLO, VALERIA, additional, GALLETTI, SILVIA, additional, FALDELLA, GIACOMO, additional, POLUZZI, ELISABETTA, additional, DE PONTI, FABRIZIO, additional, and GAETANO, LA MANNA, additional

Published
2020
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24. Neonatal arterial iliac thrombosis in type-I protein C deficiency: a case report

Author

Capretti Maria G, Stella Marcello, Tridapalli Elisabetta, and Faldella Giacomo

Subjects
Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Abstract A male infant born by caesarean section at 38 weeks of gestational age (B.W. 4055 g; Apgar 9-10), in the first two hours of life his right leg became hypovascularizated. Normal values of leukocities, red cells, haematocrit, hemoglobin, platelets. C-Reactive Protein negative. Electrolytes and coagulation tests were normal. Normal vitamin K coagulation proteins levels. Serological tests for TORCH (IgM) and Parvovirus (IgG and IgM) were negative. Sonography showed a reduced blood flow in the iliac artery and reported a 1 cm long vessel thrombosis. From 8 hours of life we administred an intravenous infusion of unfractionated heparin (UFH) 75 UI/Kg for the first 10 minutes then 28 UI/Kg/h. On the 2nd day tests were performed to assess absence of inhibiting-clot factors. The dosage of homocysteine, protein S and antithrombin was normal. FV Leiden and antiphospholipid antibodies were negative. The mapping of G20210A prothrombin's gene resulted normal, whereas the concentration of Protein C was lower than normal: activity 46% (68-150%), antigen 35% (70-150%). The same deficiency was also found in the father. The mother showed normal concentrations. No episodies of thrombosis events were documentated in the family. The intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH) therapy was replaced after 64 hours by subcutaneous nadroparin 600 UI twice/day, which was stopped 5 days later when the vessel sonografic images were completely normal. During the hospitalization the infant didn't show bleeding. The child was followed-up yearly until 4 years of age: he was well and had a normal body and mental development. The final diagnosis is likely to be of a permanent protein C deficiency in heterozygous form. Our case is interesting because the first manifestation was an important thrombosis of large vessel that occurred within a few hours of life in absence of perinatal risk factors, as if it was a homozygous disease, but the patient had a heterozygotic form. In literature few cases are reported of heterozygous forms that became symptomatic, but only in old age. After a severe first manifestation, a normal and asymptomatic development is uncommon without new thrombotic episodes. In our patient the neonatal thrombosis was the sole event in his life.

Published
2010
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25. Maternal milk protects infants against bronchiolitis during the first year of life. Results from an Italian cohort of newborns

Author

Lanari, Marcello, Prinelli, Federica, Adorni, Fulvio, Di Santo, Simona, Faldella, Giacomo, Silvestri, Michela, Musicco, Massimo, ‘italian, Neonatology Study Group on RSV Infections, DE CURTIS, Mario, Lanari, Marcello, Prinelli, Federica, Adorni, Fulvio, Di Santo, Simona, Faldella, Giacomo, Silvestri, Michela, and Musicco, Massimo

Subjects
Male, Breastfeeding, Bronchiolitis, Lower respiratory tract infection, Respiratory syncytial virus, Risk factor, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Italy, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Breast Feeding, Hospitalization, Milk, Human, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Longitudinal Studie, Diseases, medicine, Bronchioliti, Prospective cohort study, Premature, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Gestational age, Infant, Premature, Disease, Perinatology and Child Health, Newborn, medicine.disease, Prospective Studie, Milk, Settore MED/38 - PEDIATRIA GENERALE E SPECIALISTICA, Cohort, business, Breast feeding, Brestfeeding, Human
Abstract

Summary Objective Bronchiolitis is one of the primary causes of hospitalization in infancy. We evaluated the effect of breastfeeding on the occurrence of hospitalization for bronchiolitis in the first year of life. Methods In a prospective cohort study, 1,814 newborns of =33 weeks of gestational age (wGA) were enrolled in 30 Italian Neonatology Units and followed-up for 1 year to assess hospitalizations for bronchiolitis. Children were grouped as ‘never breastfed’ and ‘ever breastfed’; these latter were further divided into those ‘exclusively breastfed’ and ‘breastfed associated with milk formula’. The risk of hospitalization for bronchiolitis was evaluated with survival analysis, and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval [95% CI] were calculated. Results Among enrolled newborns 22.9% were ‘never breastfed’; in the breastfed group, 65% were ‘exclusively breastfed’ and 35% were ‘breastfed with associated milk formula’. At 12 months of age, the risk of hospitalization for bronchiolitis was significantly higher in the ‘never breastfed’ group (HR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.00–2.48). ‘Breastfed associated with formula milk’ and ‘exclusively breastfed’ groups were at similar risk of hospitalization for bronchiolitis. This observed protective effect of maternal milk was not explained by the higher prevalence of conditions able to increase the risk of bronchiolitis among ‘never breastfed newborns’. Conclusions Breastfeeding, even in association with formula milk, reduces the risk of hospitalization for bronchiolitis during the first year of life. Encouraging breastfeeding might be an effective/inexpensive measure of prevention of lower respiratory tract infections in infancy.

Published
2013
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27. Height and timing of growth spurt during puberty in young people living with vertically acquired HIV in Europe and Thailand

Author

Fundación Investigación y Educación en Sida, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Fundación Mutua Madrileña, Crichton, Siobhan, Belfrage, Eric, Collins, Intira Jeanne, Doerholt, Katja, Judd, Ali, Le Coeur, Sophie, Spoulou, Vana, Goodall, Ruth, Scherpbier, Henriette, Smit, Colette, Goetghebuer, Tessa, Muñoz, Maria José, Grande, Ana, Romero, Francisco Jose, Wensing, A. M. J., Scholvinck, E. H., Mazza, Antonio, Pérez, Carlos, Jiménez de Ory, Santiago, Henriet, S. S., V, Couceiro, José, Bakker, Y., Zaaijer, H. L., de Tejada, Begona Martinez, Wolfs, T. F. W., Lillo, Miguel, Marczynska, Magdalena, Bezemer, M., Santos, Mar, de Jong, A., Losada, Begoña, Cornelissen, M. T. E., van der Meer, R., Niesters, H. G. M., El Berkaoui, A., Gavilán, César, Gloria Andres, Ana, Rius, Neus, Zaheri, S., Marugan, Victor, Neth, Olaf, Piqueras, Ana I., Ochoa, Carlos, Munjishvili, L., Schnorr, P., Breton, Rafael, Strik-Albers, R., Martínez, Jorge, Grivell, S., Delforge, Marc, Wit, F. W. M. N., Bezemer, D. O., Tuijn, E., de Martino, Maurizio, Paling, E., de Groot-de Jonge, H., Koops, J., Lipreri, Rita, Muñoz-Fernández, María Ángeles, Noguera-Julián, Antoni, Tovo, Pier Angelo, van de Sande, L., Patrizia, Osimani, Saavedra-Lozano, Jesús, Di Biagio, Antonio, Montesinos, Elena, Soler-Palacín, Pere, Berkhout, B., Meijering, R., van der Vliet, S., van Aerde, K., Antoinette Frick, Maria, Salvini, Filippo, Verduyn-Lunel, F., Tagliabue, Claudia, Geerlinks, J., Garrote, Elisa, Rovira, Nuria, Tuk, B., Bergsma, D., Pineda, Valentí, Coupland, Urszula, Tomás Ramos, José, Cellini, Monica, Dueñas, Joaquin, Pellegatta, Antonio, Bustillo Alonso, Matilde, Navarro, Maria Luisa, Pajkrt, D., Badolato, Raffaele, Terol, Pedro, Scherpbier, H. J., Garcia Hortelano, Milagros, Beceiro, Jose, Bernardi, Stefania, Weijsenfeld, A. M., Pocheville, Itziar, López, Núria, Doroba, Malgorzata, Schinkel, C. J., Ruiz, Beatriz, Wolthers, K. C., Fraaij, P. L. A., Fernandez Mc Phee, Carolina, Sainz, Talia, Zawadka, Konrad, van Rossum, A. M. C., Romano, Amelia, Fortuny, Claudia, Peeck, B., Mur, Antonio, Gibb, Diana M., Santa Ansone, Vermont, C. L., Alfayate, Santiago, Apilanez, Miren, Kruijne, E., Okhonskaia, Liubov, van der Knaap, L. C., Méndez, María José, Rojo, Pablo, van Leer-Buter, C. C., Rahamat-Langendoen, J., Angulo, Raquel, Ruggeri, Maurizio, Álvarez, Susana, Knoester, M., Back, N. K. T., Lisi, Catiuscia, Bont, L. J., Guerrero, Carmelo, Larovere, Domenico, Mellado, Maria Jose, Herranz, Mercedes, Colino, Elena, Raethke, M., Badillo, Katie, Roa, Miguel Angel, Collado, Pilar, Rutkens, T., Gonzalez-Tome, Maria I., Lo Vecchio, Andrea, Pas, S. D., Falcón Neyra, Lola, Venturini, Elisabetta, de Groot, L., Jareno, Enrique, van den Akker, M., Olmeo, Paolina, Lucas, E., Decker, Luc, Segarra, Inmaculada, Gomez Sirvent, Jorge, Perez, Amparo, Thorne, Claire, Menasalvas, Ana Isabel, Ree, C., Hillebregt, M., Regtop, R., Nauta, N., Faldella, Giacomo, Jourdain, Gonzague, Moreno-Pérez, David, Taramasso, Lucia, Álvarez, Cristina, Reiss, Peter, Ruijs, Y., Baldi, Francesco, Voronin, Evgeny, Boucher, C. A. B., Galli, Luisa, Miguel, E. de, Wisse, A., Miloenko, Milana, Giacomet, Vania, Labutina, Svetlana, Witte, E. C., Consolini, Rita, Smit, C., Hainaut, Marc, Mayol, Lluis, Rampon, Osvalda, Vallmanya, Teresa, Giaquinto, Carlo, Dona, Daniele, Erba, Paola, Dapena, Marta, Calavia, Olga, Veenenberg, L., Montagnani, Carlotta, van de Flier, M., Schuurman, R., Bruzzese, Eugenia, García, Lourdes, Geelen, S. P. M., Coll, María T., Oldakowska, Agnieszka, de Boer, C. G., Genovese, Orazio, Van der Kelen, Evelyne, Blázquez-Gamero, Daniel, Escosa-García, Luis, Jurriaans, S., Dodi, Icilio, Santos, Juan Luis, Prieto, Luís, Perez-Hoyos, Santiago, Lodewijk, C., Guillén, Sara, Koopmans, M. P. G., Ene, Luminita, Visser, E. G., Gabiano, Clara, Garzon, Monica, Kuekou, Hyppolite Tchidjou, Maccabruni, Anna, van Kampen, J. J. A., Roman, Vicente, Esposito, Susanna, Schoorl, M., Gamell, Anna, Cristiano, Letizia, Montesdeoca, Abián, Stelma, F. F., Mateo, Mercedes, Pokorska-Spiewak, Maria, van Sighem, A., I, Woudstra, T., Popielska, Jolanta, Garazzino, Silvia, Lendinez, Francisco, Fundación Investigación y Educación en Sida, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Fundación Mutua Madrileña, Crichton, Siobhan, Belfrage, Eric, Collins, Intira Jeanne, Doerholt, Katja, Judd, Ali, Le Coeur, Sophie, Spoulou, Vana, Goodall, Ruth, Scherpbier, Henriette, Smit, Colette, Goetghebuer, Tessa, Muñoz, Maria José, Grande, Ana, Romero, Francisco Jose, Wensing, A. M. J., Scholvinck, E. H., Mazza, Antonio, Pérez, Carlos, Jiménez de Ory, Santiago, Henriet, S. S., V, Couceiro, José, Bakker, Y., Zaaijer, H. L., de Tejada, Begona Martinez, Wolfs, T. F. W., Lillo, Miguel, Marczynska, Magdalena, Bezemer, M., Santos, Mar, de Jong, A., Losada, Begoña, Cornelissen, M. T. E., van der Meer, R., Niesters, H. G. M., El Berkaoui, A., Gavilán, César, Gloria Andres, Ana, Rius, Neus, Zaheri, S., Marugan, Victor, Neth, Olaf, Piqueras, Ana I., Ochoa, Carlos, Munjishvili, L., Schnorr, P., Breton, Rafael, Strik-Albers, R., Martínez, Jorge, Grivell, S., Delforge, Marc, Wit, F. W. M. N., Bezemer, D. O., Tuijn, E., de Martino, Maurizio, Paling, E., de Groot-de Jonge, H., Koops, J., Lipreri, Rita, Muñoz-Fernández, María Ángeles, Noguera-Julián, Antoni, Tovo, Pier Angelo, van de Sande, L., Patrizia, Osimani, Saavedra-Lozano, Jesús, Di Biagio, Antonio, Montesinos, Elena, Soler-Palacín, Pere, Berkhout, B., Meijering, R., van der Vliet, S., van Aerde, K., Antoinette Frick, Maria, Salvini, Filippo, Verduyn-Lunel, F., Tagliabue, Claudia, Geerlinks, J., Garrote, Elisa, Rovira, Nuria, Tuk, B., Bergsma, D., Pineda, Valentí, Coupland, Urszula, Tomás Ramos, José, Cellini, Monica, Dueñas, Joaquin, Pellegatta, Antonio, Bustillo Alonso, Matilde, Navarro, Maria Luisa, Pajkrt, D., Badolato, Raffaele, Terol, Pedro, Scherpbier, H. J., Garcia Hortelano, Milagros, Beceiro, Jose, Bernardi, Stefania, Weijsenfeld, A. M., Pocheville, Itziar, López, Núria, Doroba, Malgorzata, Schinkel, C. J., Ruiz, Beatriz, Wolthers, K. C., Fraaij, P. L. A., Fernandez Mc Phee, Carolina, Sainz, Talia, Zawadka, Konrad, van Rossum, A. M. C., Romano, Amelia, Fortuny, Claudia, Peeck, B., Mur, Antonio, Gibb, Diana M., Santa Ansone, Vermont, C. L., Alfayate, Santiago, Apilanez, Miren, Kruijne, E., Okhonskaia, Liubov, van der Knaap, L. C., Méndez, María José, Rojo, Pablo, van Leer-Buter, C. C., Rahamat-Langendoen, J., Angulo, Raquel, Ruggeri, Maurizio, Álvarez, Susana, Knoester, M., Back, N. K. T., Lisi, Catiuscia, Bont, L. J., Guerrero, Carmelo, Larovere, Domenico, Mellado, Maria Jose, Herranz, Mercedes, Colino, Elena, Raethke, M., Badillo, Katie, Roa, Miguel Angel, Collado, Pilar, Rutkens, T., Gonzalez-Tome, Maria I., Lo Vecchio, Andrea, Pas, S. D., Falcón Neyra, Lola, Venturini, Elisabetta, de Groot, L., Jareno, Enrique, van den Akker, M., Olmeo, Paolina, Lucas, E., Decker, Luc, Segarra, Inmaculada, Gomez Sirvent, Jorge, Perez, Amparo, Thorne, Claire, Menasalvas, Ana Isabel, Ree, C., Hillebregt, M., Regtop, R., Nauta, N., Faldella, Giacomo, Jourdain, Gonzague, Moreno-Pérez, David, Taramasso, Lucia, Álvarez, Cristina, Reiss, Peter, Ruijs, Y., Baldi, Francesco, Voronin, Evgeny, Boucher, C. A. B., Galli, Luisa, Miguel, E. de, Wisse, A., Miloenko, Milana, Giacomet, Vania, Labutina, Svetlana, Witte, E. C., Consolini, Rita, Smit, C., Hainaut, Marc, Mayol, Lluis, Rampon, Osvalda, Vallmanya, Teresa, Giaquinto, Carlo, Dona, Daniele, Erba, Paola, Dapena, Marta, Calavia, Olga, Veenenberg, L., Montagnani, Carlotta, van de Flier, M., Schuurman, R., Bruzzese, Eugenia, García, Lourdes, Geelen, S. P. M., Coll, María T., Oldakowska, Agnieszka, de Boer, C. G., Genovese, Orazio, Van der Kelen, Evelyne, Blázquez-Gamero, Daniel, Escosa-García, Luis, Jurriaans, S., Dodi, Icilio, Santos, Juan Luis, Prieto, Luís, Perez-Hoyos, Santiago, Lodewijk, C., Guillén, Sara, Koopmans, M. P. G., Ene, Luminita, Visser, E. G., Gabiano, Clara, Garzon, Monica, Kuekou, Hyppolite Tchidjou, Maccabruni, Anna, van Kampen, J. J. A., Roman, Vicente, Esposito, Susanna, Schoorl, M., Gamell, Anna, Cristiano, Letizia, Montesdeoca, Abián, Stelma, F. F., Mateo, Mercedes, Pokorska-Spiewak, Maria, van Sighem, A., I, Woudstra, T., Popielska, Jolanta, Garazzino, Silvia, and Lendinez, Francisco

Abstract

[Objective]: The aim of this study was to describe growth during puberty in young people with vertically acquired HIV. [Design]: Pooled data from 12 paediatric HIV cohorts in Europe and Thailand. [Methods]: One thousand and ninety-four children initiating a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or boosted protease inhibitor based regimen aged 1–10 years were included. Super Imposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) models described growth from age 8 years using three parameters (average height, timing and shape of the growth spurt), dependent on age and height-for-age z-score (HAZ) (WHO references) at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Multivariate regression explored characteristics associated with these three parameters. [Results]: At ART initiation, median age and HAZ was 6.4 [interquartile range (IQR): 2.8, 9.0] years and −1.2 (IQR: −2.3 to −0.2), respectively. Median follow-up was 9.1 (IQR: 6.9, 11.4) years. In girls, older age and lower HAZ at ART initiation were independently associated with a growth spurt which occurred 0.41 (95% confidence interval 0.20–0.62) years later in children starting ART age 6 to 10 years compared with 1 to 2 years and 1.50 (1.21–1.78) years later in those starting with HAZ less than −3 compared with HAZ at least −1. Later growth spurts in girls resulted in continued height growth into later adolescence. In boys starting ART with HAZ less than −1, growth spurts were later in children starting ART in the oldest age group, but for HAZ at least −1, there was no association with age. Girls and boys who initiated ART with HAZ at least −1 maintained a similar height to the WHO reference mean. [Conclusion]: Stunting at ART initiation was associated with later growth spurts in girls. Children with HAZ at least −1 at ART initiation grew in height at the level expected in HIV negative children of a comparable age.

Published
2019

28. Oxidative Stress and Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Pathogenetic Mechanisms, Opportunities for Intervention, and Role of Human Milk

Author

Aceti, Arianna, Beghetti, Isadora, Martini, Silvia, Faldella, Giacomo, and Corvaglia, Luigi

Subjects
Article Subject, digestive system diseases
Abstract

This review will examine the role of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and explore potential preventive and therapeutic antioxidant strategies. Preterm infants are particularly exposed to OS as a result of several perinatal stimuli and constitutive defective antioxidant defenses. For this reason, OS damage represents a contributing factor to several complications of prematurity, including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Being NEC a multifactorial disease, OS may act as downstream component of the pathogenetic cascade. To counteract OS in preterm infants with NEC, several antioxidant strategies have been proposed and different antioxidant compounds have been experimented. It is well known that human milk (HM) is an important source of antioxidants. At the same time, the role of an exclusive HM diet is well recognized in the prevention of NEC. However, donor HM (DHM) processing may impair antioxidant properties. As DHM is becoming a common nutritional intervention for high risk PI, the antioxidant status of preterm and DHM and potential ways to preserve its antioxidant capacity may merit further investigation.

Published
2018
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31. Microbial Community Dynamics in Mother’s Milk and Infant’s Mouth and Gut in Moderately Preterm Infants

Author

Biagi, Elena, primary, Aceti, Arianna, additional, Quercia, Sara, additional, Beghetti, Isadora, additional, Rampelli, Simone, additional, Turroni, Silvia, additional, Soverini, Matteo, additional, Zambrini, Angelo Vittorio, additional, Faldella, Giacomo, additional, Candela, Marco, additional, Corvaglia, Luigi, additional, and Brigidi, Patrizia, additional

Published
2018
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33. Strategies of Increased Protein Intake in ELBW Infants Fed by Human Milk Lead to Long Term Benefits

Author

Mariani, Elisa, primary, Biasini, Augusto, additional, Marvulli, Lucia, additional, Martini, Silvia, additional, Aceti, Arianna, additional, Faldella, Giacomo, additional, Corvaglia, Luigi, additional, Sansavini, Alessandra, additional, Savini, Silvia, additional, Agostini, Francesca, additional, Stella, Marcello, additional, and Neri, Erica, additional

Published
2018
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34. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia—impact of severity and timing of diagnosis on neurodevelopment of preterm infants: a retrospective cohort study

Author

Malavolti, Anna Maria, Bassler, Dirk, Arlettaz-Mieth, Romaine, Faldella, Giacomo, Latal, Beatrice; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1309-4790, Natalucci, Giancarlo, Malavolti, Anna Maria, Bassler, Dirk, Arlettaz-Mieth, Romaine, Faldella, Giacomo, Latal, Beatrice; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1309-4790, and Natalucci, Giancarlo

Abstract

Objective To assess the contribution of the severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and the time point of its diagnosis to the prediction of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at corrected age of 2 years in preterm infants. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Level-III perinatal centre. Patients and outcome measures Infants born in 2000–2013 with gestational age <30 weeks. BPD was defined as FiO2 >21% for ≥28 days and its severity classified as mild, FiO2=21%; moderate, FiO2 <30% and severe, FiO2 ≥30% and/or positive pressure support. We applied these criteria at two time points: 36 and 40 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA). Multivariable regression models were used to estimate the association (OR (95% CI)) between BPD characteristics and NDI defined as cognitive or motor development score <2 SD; severe cerebral palsy; deafness and blindness. Results Of 610 (81% of cohort) children assessed at 2 years, 357 (58%) had BPD and 98 (16%) had NDI. Neither FiO2 >21% for ≥28 days nor mild or moderate BPD at either 36 or 40 weeks’ PMA was associated with NDI, but severe BPD was (at 36 weeks’ PMA 5.6 (2.0 to 16.0) and at 40 weeks’ PMA 16.6 (4.6 to 59.9)). Infants with severe BPD at both 36 and 40 weeks’ PMA had lower mental (mean difference −11.4 (−18.5 to −4.3), −25.7(−35.9 to −15.5), respectively) and motor (−7.8 (−14.9 to −0.6), −20.1(−30.7 to −9.5), respectively),developmental scores than infants without BPD. Conclusion In this cohort, severe BPD was a better independent predictor of NDI at 2 years than mild or moderate BPD. BPD diagnosed at 40 weeks’ PMA might allow better identification of infants at highest risk for NDI.

Published
2018

36. Does the native language influence lexical composition in very preterm children at the age of two years? A cross-linguistic comparison study of Italian and Finnish children

Author

Stolt, Suvi, Savini, Silvia, Guarini, Annalisa, Caselli, Maria Cristina, Matomäki, Jaakko, Lapinleimu, Helena, Haataja, Leena, Lehtonen, Liisa, Alessandroni, Rosina, Faldella, Giacomo, Sansavini, Alessandra, Stolt, S., Savini, S., Guarini, A., Caselli, M.C., Matomaki, J., Lapinleimu, H., Haataja, L., Lehtonen, L., Alessandroni, R., Faldella, G., Sansavini, A, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Early Language Development -group, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, and HUS Children and Adolescents

Subjects
Linguistics and Language, First language, media_common.quotation_subject, LEXICON SIZE, INFANTS, GRAMMAR, Lexicon, Vocabulary, Language and Linguistics, Education, 030507 speech-language pathology & audiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Preterm, FINNISH, medicine, SPANISH, LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT, FULL-TERM, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Composition (language), ta515, preterm children, media_common, ENGLISH, Grammar, lexical composition, 05 social sciences, Cross-linguistic study, EARLY VOCABULARY, Cross-linguistic study, language development, lexical composition, lexicon, preterm children, GESTATIONAL WEEKS, ta3123, Linguistics, LIFE, Very preterm, Language development, Low birth weight, TODDLERS, lexicon, MATERNAL EDUCATION, 6163 Logopedics, medicine.symptom, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, language development, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Demography, Cross linguistic
Abstract

This cross-linguistic study investigated whether the native language has any influence on lexical composition among Italian ( N = 125) and Finnish ( N = 116) very preterm (born at

Published
2017
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38. Association of maternal hypertension and chorioamnionitis with preterm outcomes

Author

Gagliardi, Luigi, Rusconi, Franca, Bellù, Roberto, Zanini, Rinaldo, Mirri, Gianpaolo, Condò, Manuela, Turoli, Daniela, Vanzati, Mara, Mosca, Fabio, De Nisi, Giuseppe, Polacco, Paola, Villa, Elena, Barbarini, Mario, Fasolato, Valeria, Franco, Caterina, Contiero, Raffaella, Ellero, Serena, Cattarossi, Luigi, Abbiati, Laura, Borroni, Cesarina, Prandi, Giovanna, Fabris, Claudio, Vielmi, Francesca, Borgione, Silvia, Agosti, Massimo, Tandoi, Francesco, Guidali, Rosanna, De Curtis, Mario, Tozzi, Claudio, Lucchini, Renato, Battaglioli, Marina, Lista, Gian Luca, Introvini, Paola, Ferrari, Fabrizio, Gallo, Claudio, Bellante, Elvira, Bottura, Chiara, Zeringyte, Aurelija, Pasquali, Francesca, Boccacci, Simona, Latini, Giuseppe, Giannuzzi, Raffaella, Martinelli, Stefano, Brunelli, Alberto, Di Nunzio, Maria Lucia, Vendemmiati, Antonio, Carli, Giovanna, Bordigato, Michela Alfiero, Filippone, Marco, Meneghesso, Davide, Romeo, Nicola, Mammoliti, Palma, Mastretta, Emanuele, Barberis, Laura, Farina, Daniele, Gancia, Gianpaolo, Dalmazzo, Cristina, Napolitano, Marcello, Messina, Francesco, Villa Betania, Napoli, Magaldi, Rosario, Rinaldi, Matteo, Litta, Rosangela, Lago, Paola, Zanardo, Vincenzo, Chiandetti, Lino, Visentin, Stefano, Presta, Giuseppe, Cella, Davide, Poggiani, Carlo, Ferrari, Daniela, Parati, Sara, Lombardo, Francesco, Grigorio, Rosetta, Barera, Graziano, Bove, Maddalena, Poloniato, Antonella, Burgio, Giampiero, Sala, Elena, Barberi, Ignazio, Tiralongo, Venera, Arco, Alessandro, Mazzeo, Danila, Dani, Carlo, Pratesi, Simone, Mignatti, Valeria, Ancora, Gina, Faldella, Giacomo, Grandi, Sara, Locatelli, Chiara, Stronati, Mauro, Perotti, Gianfranco, Chirico, Gaetano, Migliori, Claudio, De Marini, Sergio, Forleo, Vincenzo, Paludetto, Roberto, Capasso, Letizia, Mansi, Giuseppina, Raimondi, Francesco, Bona, Gianni, Stucchi, Ilaria, Savastio, Silvia, Ferrero, Federica, Parola, Andrea, Padovani, Ezio Maria, Viviani, Elena, Pecoraro, Laura, Agostino, Rocco, Gizzi, Camilla, Massenzi, Luca, Messner, Hubert, Staffler, Alex, Salvia, Gennaro, Esposito, Luigi, Forziati, Vincenzo, Latorre, Giuseppe, Sandri, Fabrizio, Alati, Stefania, Demarca, Fabrizio, Lombardi, Oreste, Costabile, Carmine Deni, Scarpelli, Gianfranco, Cavalli, Claudio, Volante, Enrico, Moretti, Sabrina, Ganguzza, Olga, Spinella, Bartolomeo, Haass, Cristina, Scapillati, Eleonora, Consigli, Chiara, Gatta, Alberto, Quitadamo, Pasqua, Boldrini, Antonio, Vuerich, Marco, Sigali, Emilio, Fiorini, Patrizio, Petrucci, Letizia, Moroni, Marco, Meyer, Firenze, Bragetti, Patrizia, Casucci, Paola, Minelli, Liliana, Mezzetti, Daniele, Orfeo, Luigi, De Luca, Maria Gabriella, Laforgia, Nicola, Grassi, Alessandro, Dotta, Andrea, Savignoni, Ferdinando, Bagnoli, Franco, De Felice, Claudio, Badii, Silvia, Biasini, Augusto, Belluzzi, Antonio, Stella, Marcello, Romagnoli, Costantino, Zecca, Enrico, Barone, Giovanni, Colleselli, Paolo, Vecchiato, Luca, Nicolussi, Silvia, Giliberti, Paolo, Chello, Giovanni, Rojo, Silvana, De Vivo, Massimiliano, Giovanettoni, Chiara, Colnaghi, Clelia A., Manfredini, Valeria, Verucci, Elena, Placidi, Giulia, Belloni, Cesare, Carrera, Giuseppe, Zambetti, Chiara, Biban, Paolo, Serra, Alessandra, Sacco, Francesco, Vetrano, Gennaro, Furcolo, Giuseppe, Pasquariello, Brigida, Falco, Luigi, Ausanio, Gaetano, Bernardo, Italo, Capasso, Antonella, Marchesano, Giuseppe, Nosari, Norberto, Sarnelli, Paola, Ciraci, Giovanni, Merazzi, Daniele, Gazzolo, Diego, Temperini, Francesca, Sabatini, Miriam, Colivicchi, Micaela, Del Vecchio, Antonio, Tarantino, Marzia, Gargano, Giancarlo, Pedori, Simona, Bellettato, Massimo, Pesavento, Roberta, Cesaro, Alessandra, Scollo, Massimo, Mondello, Isabella, Pugliese, Aniello, Iervolino, Claudio, Corsello, Giovanni, Giuffré, Mario, Betta, Pasqua, Romeo, Mario Giuseppe, Saporito, Alessandro, Leone, Maria Grazia, Rodonò, Alessandro, Franceschi, Alessia, Risso, Francesco M., Carpentieri, Mauro, Vecchiano, Teresa, Cigliano, Maria Pia, Paolillo, Piermichele, Picone, Simonetta, Marra, Antonio, Rossetti, Gessica, Testa, Tiziana, Del Cuore, Fernando, Crescenzi, Francesco, Poloni, Gianna, Russo, Maria Chiara, Nigro, Francesco, Tina, Gabriella Lucia, Brindisino, Patrizia, Gurrado, Raffaele, Felice, Maurizio, Formica, Isabella, Gagliardi, L, Rusconi, F, Bellu, R, Zanini, R, Corsello, G, Giuffre, M, Italian Neonatal Network, Luigi Gagliardi, Franca Rusconi, Roberto Bellù, Rinaldo Zanini, the Italian Neonatal Network [.., Gina Ancora, Giacomo Faldella, Sara Grandi, Chiara Locatelli, ]., Gagliardi, Luigi, Rusconi, Franca, Bellù, Roberto, Zanini, Rinaldo, Mirri, Gianpaolo, Condò, Manuela, Turoli, Daniela, Vanzati, Mara, Mosca, Fabio, De Nisi, Giuseppe, Polacco, Paola, Villa, Elena, Barbarini, Mario, Fasolato, Valeria, Franco, Caterina, Contiero, Raffaella, Ellero, Serena, Cattarossi, Luigi, Abbiati, Laura, Borroni, Cesarina, Prandi, Giovanna, Fabris, Claudio, Vielmi, Francesca, Borgione, Silvia, Agosti, Massimo, Tandoi, Francesco, Guidali, Rosanna, De Curtis, Mario, Tozzi, Claudio, Lucchini, Renato, Battaglioli, Marina, Lista, Gian Luca, Introvini, Paola, Ferrari, Fabrizio, Gallo, Claudio, Bellante, Elvira, Bottura, Chiara, Zeringyte, Aurelija, Pasquali, Francesca, Boccacci, Simona, Latini, Giuseppe, Giannuzzi, Raffaella, Martinelli, Stefano, Brunelli, Alberto, Di Nunzio, Maria Lucia, Vendemmiati, Antonio, Carli, Giovanna, Bordigato, Michela Alfiero, Filippone, Marco, Meneghesso, Davide, Romeo, Nicola, Mammoliti, Palma, Mastretta, Emanuele, Barberis, Laura, Farina, Daniele, Gancia, Gianpaolo, Dalmazzo, Cristina, Napolitano, Marcello, Messina, Francesco, Villa Betania, Napoli, Magaldi, Rosario, Rinaldi, Matteo, Litta, Rosangela, Lago, Paola, Zanardo, Vincenzo, Chiandetti, Lino, Visentin, Stefano, Presta, Giuseppe, Cella, Davide, Poggiani, Carlo, Ferrari, Daniela, Parati, Sara, Lombardo, Francesco, Grigorio, Rosetta, Barera, Graziano, Bove, Maddalena, Poloniato, Antonella, Burgio, Giampiero, Sala, Elena, Barberi, Ignazio, Tiralongo, Venera, Arco, Alessandro, Mazzeo, Danila, Dani, Carlo, Pratesi, Simone, Mignatti, Valeria, Ancora, Gina, Faldella, Giacomo, Grandi, Sara, Locatelli, Chiara, Stronati, Mauro, Perotti, Gianfranco, Chirico, Gaetano, Migliori, Claudio, De Marini, Sergio, Forleo, Vincenzo, Paludetto, Roberto, Capasso, Letizia, Mansi, Giuseppina, Raimondi, Francesco, Bona, Gianni, Stucchi, Ilaria, Savastio, Silvia, Ferrero, Federica, Parola, Andrea, Padovani, Ezio Maria, Viviani, Elena, Pecoraro, Laura, Agostino, Rocco, Gizzi, Camilla, Massenzi, Luca, Messner, Hubert, Staffler, Alex, Salvia, Gennaro, Esposito, Luigi, Forziati, Vincenzo, Latorre, Giuseppe, Sandri, Fabrizio, Alati, Stefania, Demarca, Fabrizio, Lombardi, Oreste, Costabile, Carmine Deni, Scarpelli, Gianfranco, Cavalli, Claudio, Volante, Enrico, Moretti, Sabrina, Ganguzza, Olga, Spinella, Bartolomeo, Haass, Cristina, Scapillati, Eleonora, Consigli, Chiara, Gatta, Alberto, Quitadamo, Pasqua, Boldrini, Antonio, Vuerich, Marco, Sigali, Emilio, Fiorini, Patrizio, Petrucci, Letizia, Moroni, Marco, Meyer, Firenze, Bragetti, Patrizia, Casucci, Paola, Minelli, Liliana, Mezzetti, Daniele, Orfeo, Luigi, De Luca, Maria Gabriella, Laforgia, Nicola, Grassi, Alessandro, Dotta, Andrea, Savignoni, Ferdinando, Bagnoli, Franco, De Felice, Claudio, Badii, Silvia, Biasini, Augusto, Belluzzi, Antonio, Stella, Marcello, Romagnoli, Costantino, Zecca, Enrico, Barone, Giovanni, Colleselli, Paolo, Vecchiato, Luca, Nicolussi, Silvia, Giliberti, Paolo, Chello, Giovanni, Rojo, Silvana, De Vivo, Massimiliano, Giovanettoni, Chiara, Colnaghi, Clelia A., Manfredini, Valeria, Verucci, Elena, Placidi, Giulia, Belloni, Cesare, Carrera, Giuseppe, Zambetti, Chiara, Biban, Paolo, Serra, Alessandra, Sacco, Francesco, Vetrano, Gennaro, Furcolo, Giuseppe, Pasquariello, Brigida, Falco, Luigi, Ausanio, Gaetano, Bernardo, Italo, Capasso, Antonella, Marchesano, Giuseppe, Nosari, Norberto, Sarnelli, Paola, Ciraci, Giovanni, Merazzi, Daniele, Gazzolo, Diego, Temperini, Francesca, Sabatini, Miriam, Colivicchi, Micaela, Del Vecchio, Antonio, Tarantino, Marzia, Gargano, Giancarlo, Pedori, Simona, Bellettato, Massimo, Pesavento, Roberta, Cesaro, Alessandra, Scollo, Massimo, Mondello, Isabella, Pugliese, Aniello, Iervolino, Claudio, Corsello, Giovanni, Giuffré, Mario, Betta, Pasqua, Romeo, Mario Giuseppe, Saporito, Alessandro, Leone, Maria Grazia, Rodonò, Alessandro, Franceschi, Alessia, Risso, Francesco M., Carpentieri, Mauro, Vecchiano, Teresa, Cigliano, Maria Pia, Paolillo, Piermichele, Picone, Simonetta, Marra, Antonio, Rossetti, Gessica, Testa, Tiziana, Del Cuore, Fernando, Crescenzi, Francesco, Poloni, Gianna, Russo, Maria Chiara, Nigro, Francesco, Tina, Gabriella Lucia, Brindisino, Patrizia, Gurrado, Raffaele, Felice, Maurizio, and Formica, Isabella

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, Logistic models, Mortality, Outcomes, Pregnancy complications, Preterm infants, Risks, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Prospective Studies, Chorioamnionitis, Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Medicine (all), Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Diseases, outcomes, Maternal hypertension, risk, Obstetrics, pregnancy complications, Gestational age, Retinopathy of prematurity, Perinatology and Child Health, Settore MED/38 - PEDIATRIA GENERALE E SPECIALISTICA, Logistic models, Mortality, Outcomes, Pregnancy complications, Preterm infants, Risks, Necrotizing enterocolitis, Hypertension, outcome, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Pregnancy-Induced, preterm infant, Pregnancy complication, medicine, preterm infants, Premature, logistic model, Chorioamnioniti, business.industry, Infant, Infant, Premature, Disease, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Newborn, mortality, Prospective Studie, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, business, logistic models, risks
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: We compared the relative effect of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and chorioamnionitis on adverse neonatal outcomes in very preterm neonates, and studied whether gestational age (GA) modulates these effects. METHODS: A cohort of neonates 23 to 30 weeks' GA, born in 2008 to 2011 in 82 hospitals adhering to the Italian Neonatal Network, was analyzed. Infants born from mothers who had hypertensive disorders (N = 2096) were compared with those born after chorioamnionitis (N = 1510). Statistical analysis employed logistic models, adjusting for GA, hospital, and potential confounders. RESULTS: Overall mortality was higher after hypertension than after chorioamnionitis (odds ratio [OR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–1.80), but this relationship changed across GA weeks; the OR for hypertension was highest at low GA, whereas from 28 weeks' GA onward, mortality was higher for chorioamnionitis. For other outcomes, the relative risks were constant across GA; infants born after hypertension had an increased risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.68–2.88) and severe retinopathy of prematurity (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.02–2.15), whereas there was a lower risk for early-onset sepsis (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.19–0.34), severe intraventricular hemorrhage (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48–0.88), periventricular leukomalacia (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.48–1.01), and surgical necrotizing enterocolitis or gastrointestinal perforation (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.31–0.72). CONCLUSIONS: Mortality and other adverse outcomes in very preterm infants depend on antecedents of preterm birth. Hypertension and chorioamnionitis are associated with different patterns of outcomes; for mortality, the effect changes across GA weeks.

Published
2014

39. Pregnancy outcomes and cytomegalovirus DNAaemia in HIV-infected pregnant women with CMV

Author

M. Floridia, M. F. Pirillo, A. Degli Antoni, A. Molinari, E. Tamburrini, C. Pinnetti, G. Guaraldi, G. Nardini, G. Masuelli, S. Dalzero, I. Cetin, M. Sansone, R. Amici, M. Ravizza, on behalf of The Italian Group on Surveillance on Antiretroviral Treatment in Pregnancy: [. . ., F. Mori, P. Ortolani, E. R. dalle Nogare, F. Di Lorenzo, G. Sterrantino, M. Meli, S. Polemi, J. Nocentini, M. Baldini, G. Montorzi, M. Mazzetti, P. Rogasi, B. Borchi, F. Vichi, B. Del Pin, E. Pinter, E. Anzalone, R. Marocco, C. Mastroianni, V. S. Mercurio, A. Carocci, E. Grilli, A. Maccabruni, M. Zaramella, B. Mariani, G. Natalini Raponi, C. Stentarelli, B. Beghetto, A. M. Degli Antoni, M. P. Crisalli, A. Donisi, M. Piepoli, V. Cerri, G. Zuccotti, V. Giacomet, S. Coletto, F. Di Nello, C. Madia, G. Placido, A. Vivarelli, P. Castelli, F. Savalli, V. Portelli, F. Sabbatini, D. Francisci, L. Bernini, P. Grossi, L. Rizzi, S. Alberico, G. Maso, M. Airoud, G. Soppelsa, A. Meloni, M. Dedoni, C. Cuboni, F. Ortu, P. Piano, A. Citernesi, I. Bordoni Vicini, K. Luzi, A. Spinillo, M. Roccio, A. Vimercati, A. Miccolis, A. De Gennaro, GUERRA, BRUNELLA, F. Cervi, SIMONAZZI, GIULIANA, E. Margarito, M. G. Capretti, C. Marsico, FALDELLA, GIACOMO, P. Martinelli, A. Agangi, A. Capone, G. M. Maruotti, C. Tibaldi, L. Trentini, T. Todros, V. Frisina, T. Brambilla, V. Savasi, C. Personeni, C. Giaquinto, M. Fiscon, E. Rubino, A. Bucceri, R. Matrone, G. Scaravelli, O. Genovese, C. Cafforio, G. Liuzzi, V. Tozzi, P. Massetti, A. M. Casadei, A. F. Cavaliere, M. Cellini, G. Castelli Gattinara, A. M. Marconi, V. Sacchi, M. Ierardi, C. Polizzi, A. Mattei, C. M. Galluzzo, S. Donnini, S. Baroncelli, P. Villani, M. Cusato, A. Cerioli, M. De Martino, P. Mastroiacovo, F. Parazzini, S. Vella, M. Floridia, M.F. Pirillo, A. Degli Antoni, A. Molinari, E. Tamburrini, C. Pinnetti, G. Guaraldi, G.Nardini, G.Masuelli, S. Dalzero, I. Cetin, M. Sansone, R. Amici, M. Ravizza, on behalf of The Italian Group on Surveillance on Antiretroviral Treatment in Pregnancy: [.., F. Mori, P. Ortolani, E. R. dalle Nogare, F. Di Lorenzo, G. Sterrantino, M. Meli, S. Polemi, J. Nocentini, M. Baldini, G. Montorzi, M. Mazzetti, P. Rogasi, B. Borchi, F. Vichi, B. Del Pin, E. Pinter, E. Anzalone, R. Marocco, C. Mastroianni, V. S. Mercurio, A. Carocci, E. Grilli, A. Maccabruni, M. Zaramella, B. Mariani, G. Natalini Raponi, G. Nardini, C. Stentarelli, B. Beghetto, A. M. Degli Antoni, M. P. Crisalli, A. Donisi, M. Piepoli, V. Cerri, G. Zuccotti, V. Giacomet, S. Coletto, F. Di Nello, C. Madia, G. Placido, A. Vivarelli, P. Castelli, F. Savalli, V. Portelli, F. Sabbatini, D. Francisci, L. Bernini, P. Grossi, L. Rizzi, S. Alberico, G. Maso, M. Airoud, G. Soppelsa, A. Meloni, M. Dedoni, C. Cuboni, F. Ortu, P. Piano, A. Citernesi, I. Bordoni Vicini, K. Luzi, A. Spinillo, M. Roccio, A. Vimercati, A. Miccoli, A. De Gennaro, B. Guerra, F. Cervi, G. Simonazzi, E. Margarito, M. G. Capretti, C. Marsico, G. Faldella, P. Martinelli, A. Agangi, A. Capone, G. M. Maruotti, C. Tibaldi, L. Trentini, T. Todro, G. Masuelli, V. Frisina, T. Brambilla, V. Savasi, C. Personeni, C. Giaquinto, M. Fiscon, E. Rubino, A. Bucceri, R. Matrone, G. Scaravelli, O. Genovese, C. Cafforio, G. Liuzzi, V. Tozzi, P. Massetti, A. M. Casadei, A. F. Cavaliere, M. Cellini, G. Castelli Gattinara, A. M. Marconi, V. Sacchi, M. Ierardi, C. Polizzi, A. Mattei, M. F. Pirillo, C. M. Galluzzo, S. Donnini, S. Baroncelli, P. Villani, M. Cusato, A. Cerioli, M. De Martino, P. Mastroiacovo, F. Parazzini, S. Vella, and ]

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Cytomegalovirus Infection, pregnancy outcomes, Cytomegalovirus, HIV Infections, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Female, Humans, Italy, Population Surveillance, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Prevalence, Coinfection, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Viremia, Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, 0302 clinical medicine, Hiv infected, HIV Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, CMV, CMV-DNA, Infectious, General Medicine, pregnancy, Cytomegalovirus infections, preterm delivery, Human, 030106 microbiology, Congenital cytomegalovirus infection, Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Pregnancy outcomes, Preterm delivery, business.industry, HIV, Cytomegaloviru, medicine.disease, Virology, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Complications, Infectiou, business
Published
2016

41. Immunological, Viral, Environmental, and Individual Factors Modulating Lung Immune Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Author

Vandini, Silvia, Bottau, Paolo, Faldella, Giacomo, and Lanari, Marcello

Subjects
Article Subject
Abstract

Respiratory syncytial virus is a worldwide pathogen agent responsible for frequent respiratory tract infections that may become severe and potentially lethal in high risk infants and adults. Several studies have been performed to investigate the immune response that determines the clinical course of the infection. In the present paper, we review the literature on viral, environmental, and host factors influencing virus response; the mechanisms of the immune response; and the action of nonimmunological factors. These mechanisms have often been studied in animal models and in the present review we also summarize the main findings obtained from animal models as well as the limits of each of these models. Understanding the lung response involved in the pathogenesis of these respiratory infections could be useful in improving the preventive strategies against respiratory syncytial virus.

Published
2015
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42. Evaluation of a new protocol for retrospective diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis by use of Guthrie cards

Author

MARANGONI, ANTONELLA, FALDELLA, GIACOMO, CEVENINI, ROBERTO, M. G. Capretti, M. De Angelis, P. Nardini, M. Compri, FOSCHI, CLAUDIO, A. Orlandi, C. Marsico, F. Righetti, MARSICO, CONCETTA, A. Marangoni, M. G. Capretti, M. De Angeli, P. Nardini, M. Compri, C. Foschi, A. Orlandi, C. Marsico, F. Righetti, G. Faldella, and R. Cevenini

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Blotting, Western, Antibodies, Protozoan, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Retrospective diagnosis, TOXOPLASMA GONDII, Gastroenterology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, Toxoplasmosis, Congenital, Serology, law.invention, law, Pregnancy, Internal medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Serologic Tests, Guthrie card, Polymerase chain reaction, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, SEROLOGY, Infant, Newborn, Toxoplasma gondii, Infant, DNA, Protozoan, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Confidence interval, PCR, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Immunoassay, Immunology, biology.protein, Female, Parasitology, Antibody, Toxoplasma
Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of IgM Western blotting (WB), IgA enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and DNA amplification by real-time PCR on Guthrie cards to retrospectively establish the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis (CT). To this purpose, Guthrie cards were collected from 18 infants born to mothers with primary Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy. Moreover, the analytical sensitivity of T. gondii PCR was assessed by testing mock dried blood specimens set up with several known DNA dilutions. IgM WB was demonstrated to be the most sensitive method. When the results of T. gondii DNA detection and specific IgM recovery were combined, retrospective CT diagnosis by using Guthrie cards was established in 3 out of 6 infected infants (sensitivity, 50%; 95% confidence interval, 26.8% to 73.2%). No positive PCR or serologic results were found in the group of 12 uninfected infants, demonstrating the excellent specificity of the three methods (95% confidence interval, 78.1% to 99.5%). The findings of the present study suggest that, in cases of missed diagnosis of CT at birth, analysis of Guthrie cards for children with compatible clinical findings after the perinatal period, in particular the combination of recovery of specific IgM antibodies and T. gondii DNA amplification, could be helpful. Nevertheless, since suboptimal conditions of storage of dried blood specimens can seriously affect sensitivity, negative results cannot rule out CT diagnosis. In contrast, because of the excellent specificity shown by IgM serologic testing and T. gondii DNA amplification on Guthrie cards, positive results obtained by either of the two methods should be considered diagnostic.

Published
2014

46. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Infants Affected by Primary Immunodeficiency

Author

Lanari, Marcello, Vandini, Silvia, Capretti, Maria Grazia, Lazzarotto, Tiziana, and Faldella, Giacomo

Subjects
Article Subject
Abstract

Primary immunodeficiencies are rare inherited disorders that may lead to frequent and often severe acute respiratory infections. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most frequent pathogens during early infancy and the infection is more severe in immunocompromised infants than in healthy infants, as a result of impaired T- and B-cell immune response unable to efficaciously neutralize viral replication, with subsequent increased viral shedding and potentially lethal lower respiratory tract infection. Several authors have reported a severe clinical course after RSV infections in infants and children with primary and acquired immunodeficiencies. Environmental prophylaxis is essential in order to reduce the infection during the epidemic season in hospitalized immunocompromised infants. Prophylaxis with palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the RSV F protein, is currently recommended in high-risk infants born prematurely, with chronic lung disease or congenital heart disease. Currently however the prophylaxis is not routinely recommended in infants with primary immunodeficiency, although some authors propose the extension of prophylaxis to this high risk population.

Published
2014
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47. When Does Mother to Child Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Occur?

Author

J. Mok, L. Pembrey, P. A. Tovo, M. L. Newell, for the European Paediatric Hepatitis C. Virus Network: [. . ., FALDELLA, GIACOMO, LANARI, MARCELLO, J Mok, L Pembrey, P-A Tovo, M-L Newell, for the European Paediatric Hepatitis C Virus Network: [.., Faldella G., M. Lanari, and ]

Subjects
hepatitis C virus, Male, Pediatrics, HIV Infections, Hepacivirus, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Prospective Studies, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Prospective cohort study, Transmission (medicine), virus diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gestational age, General Medicine, Hepatitis C, Fetal Diseases, Breast Feeding, mother to child transmission, Child, Preschool, Cohort, RNA, Viral, Original Article, Female, medicine.symptom, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, Hepatitis C virus, Birth weight, Sex Factors, medicine, Humans, Hepatitis, business.industry, Ribavirin, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Infant, Low Birth Weight, polymerase chain reaction, Delivery, Obstetric, medicine.disease, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Low birth weight, chemistry, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, business, Breast feeding
Abstract

Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been reported in up to 10% of cases and is much more likely to occur when the mother is also infected by HIV. Although women with HCV viremia are especially likely to transmit infection, the precise time when transmission takes place is not known. Transmission of HCV was examined in a prospective cohort study using data from the European Pediatric Hepatitis C Network. Fifty-four HCV-infected children were tested by the HCV RNA polymerase chain reaction technique within 3 days of birth. Nearly one third (31%) of newborn infants tested in the first 3 days of life had positive results. Transmission was more likely if the mother was coinfected by HIV, but the difference was not statistically significant. Mode of delivery, gender, and gestational age failed to predict the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) findings. Mean birth weight was significantly lower in infected children, but there was no significant difference when low-birth-weight infants were compared with normal-weight neonates. Breast-fed infants were marginally less likely than formula-fed infants to be PCR-positive. Four of 10 infants born to mothers who tested positive 4 weeks before delivery were themselves PCR-positive, but this was not the case for any of 4 infants born to PCR-negative women. A positive association between PCR positivity in the first 3 days of life and infection by genotype 1 remained significant after adjusting for several possible confounding factors. In 36 infants who were PCR-negative when born, the mean age at the first positive test was 3.9 months. Late intrauterine or intrapartum transmission was considered to be most likely for 27 infants who were PCR-negative at birth but -positive by age 3 months. Peripartum transmission seemed likely for 9 infants who were PCR-negative at birth and PCR-positive for the first time after 3 months. It appears that at least one third of HCV-infected infants, and possibly as many as half of them, acquire infection before birth. Should effective treatment be developed that is safer for pregnant women than are interferon-a and ribavirin, treatment optimally would begin early in pregnancy.

Published
2005
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48. Nonpharmacological Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Preterm Infants

Author

Corvaglia, Luigi, Martini, Silvia, Aceti, Arianna, Arcuri, Santo, Rossini, Roberto, and Faldella, Giacomo

Subjects
Article Subject
Abstract

Gastroesophageal reflux (GOR) is very common among preterm infants, due to several physiological mechanisms. Although GOR should not be usually considered a pathological condition, its therapeutic management still represents a controversial issue among neonatologists; pharmacological overtreatment, often unuseful and potentially harmful, is increasingly widespread. Hence, a stepwise approach, firstly promoting conservative strategies such as body positioning, milk thickening, or changes of feeding modalities, should be considered the most advisable choice in preterm infants with GOR. This review focuses on the conservative management of GOR in the preterm population, aiming to provide a complete overview, based on currently available evidence, on potential benefits and adverse effects of nonpharmacological measures. Nonpharmacological management of GOR might represent a useful tool for neonatologists to reduce the use of antireflux medications, which should be limited to selected cases of symptomatic babies.

Published
2013
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49. The Use of Humanized Monoclonal Antibodies for the Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Author

Lanari, Marcello, Vandini, Silvia, Arcuri, Santo, Galletti, Silvia, and Faldella, Giacomo

Subjects
Article Subject
Abstract

Monoclonal antibodies are widely used both in infants and in adults for several indications. Humanized monoclonal antibodies (palivizumab) have been used for many years for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in pediatric populations (preterm infants, infants with chronic lung disease or congenital heart disease) at high risk of severe and potentially lethal course of the infection. This drug was reported to be safe, well tolerated and effective to decrease the hospitalization rate and mortality in these groups of infants by several clinical trials. In the present paper we report the development and the current use of monoclonal antibodies for prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus.

Published
2013
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50. Congenital Syphilis Like Many Years Ago

Author

Brighi, Giulia, Farneti, Giorgia, Marangoni, Antonella, Tridapalli, Elisabetta, Neri, Iria, Capretti, Maria Grazia, and Faldella, Giacomo

Subjects
Article Subject
Abstract

This case concerns a premature infant with typical signs of congenital syphilis born to an untreated foreign mother. Syphilis prevalence in pregnant women has been rising in Italy since the beginning of the 21st century, mainly due to immigration. A correct antenatal syphilis screening and consequent adequate therapy of pregnant woman are fundamental to prevent the neonatal infection.

Published
2011
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