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The eddy currents induced on the super conducting magnet (SCM) vessels of magnetically levitated vehicles (MAGLEV) have been analyzed. A 3D eddy current analysis code, based on a finite element method with thin shell approximation, is developed and verified through a mock-up SCM experiment. Through a coupled electromagnetic and mechanical analysis under SCM vibration, a SCM structure with low resistivity material coating on the inner vessel of SCM is found to be suitable for the significant reduction of helium evaporation due to eddy current loss.

Abstract: Magnetic properties under pressure have been investigated on the weak itinerant electron ferromagnet Rh2NiGe. The pressure derivative of the Curie temperature T C has been obtained from the results of the temperature dependence of the initial permeability under pressure up to 10kbar. The value of dT C/dp is found to be −0.60K/kbar. The pressure change of the spontaneous magnetization σ s at 4.2K for Rh2NiGe has been determined by the subtraction method under pressure up to 10kbar. The value of dσ s/dp is found to be −0.014emu/gkbar. The obtained results are analyzed using the spin fluctuation theory. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Rh2NiGe crystallizes in Heusler L21 structure. Precise magnetization measurements have been made on Rh2NiGe. The spontaneous magnetic moment at 4.2K and the Curie temperature T C are 0.57μ B/f.u. and 113K, respectively. Below 30K the decrease in the square of the spontaneous magnetization σ s(T)2 is proportional to T 2. However, over a temperature range from 89K to the Curie temperature the decrease in σ s(T)2 is proportiona to T 4/3. The obtained results are analyzed using spin fluctuation theory. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Impression on biophilic designs influences the effects of indoor greening. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of different biophilic designs in office rooms on the psychological and physiological responses and the cognitive performance of office workers. Indoor greening rooms with Japanese and tropical designs were used along with the green-free (control) design in this study. The heart rate variability of the participants was not affected by green designs. However, there was improvement in impressions on tropical and Japanese designs in office rooms. In particular, the Japanese design was more effective in decreasing negative emotions than the tropical design. The electroencephalography during 5-min exposure to the greening designs showed limited frequency bands and regions of interest affected by the greenery design. Taken together with the psychological data, indoor greening with the tropical design promoted positive mood states. Meanwhile, indoor greening in the Japanese design, inhibited negative mood states. However, there were no significant differences between the two designs in terms of cognitive task performance. Hence, indoor greening increases neural efficiency during cognitive tasks., Competing Interests: This study was partly funded by Greeval Co. Ltd, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. S.H. is employees of Greeval Co. Ltd, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials., (Copyright: © 2024 Fukumoto et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background: Aneurysm formation is a complication of moyamoya disease (MMD). Distal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysms account for approximately 1% of MMD-related aneurysms. We report a case of target bypass for adult patients with MMD who presented with intracranial hemorrhage due to rupture of a distal ACA aneurysm, whose disappearance was confirmed postoperatively., Observations: A 45-year-old woman presented with sudden-onset headache and loss of consciousness. Head computed tomography showed hemorrhage in the genu of the corpus callosum with intraventricular extension. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) revealed Suzuki stage III MMD and a left A3 segment aneurysm. Superficial temporal artery (STA)-middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass and STA-ACA target bypass were performed to reduce hemodynamic stress on the left ACA. DSA 6 months after surgery showed patency of both bypasses and disappearance of the aneurysm. At the 20-month follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic and neurologically intact., Lessons: Bypass revascularization may be an effective treatment to reduce hemodynamic stress and eliminate MMD-related aneurysms.

Background: Pooled blood volume (PBV), measured in real-time in the angiography room using an angiography system, correlates with cerebral blood volume (CBV). We examined the usefulness of PBV in endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS)., Methods: EVT for AIS in the anterior circulation (internal carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA)) was performed in 31 cases (13 males, 18 females, average age 75.7 years). PBV was acquired using a biplane flat-panel detector (FD) angiographic system. Then, we measured the average PBV value in the M1-6 regions similar to the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score (ASPECTS) before and after EVT. We investigated factors associated with favorable outcome at 90 days after EVT., Results: There were 13 patients (41.9%) in the good outcome group (mRS (modified Rankin Scale) ≦2) and 18 patients (58.1%) in the poor outcome group (mRS>2). In univariate analysis, NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) (odds ratio [OR] 0.74, 95% CI 0.57-0.87, p < 0.0001) and post PBV value (odds ratio [OR] 1.13, 95% CI 1.03-1.29, p = 0.0086) were significantly associated with good outcome. The good outcome group had significantly higher post-thrombectomy PBV value (3.69 ± 0.32 ml/100 g versus 2.78 ± 0.93 ml/100 g, P = 0.002) compared to that of the poor outcome group. The relationship between pre-thrombectomy PBV value and outcome at 90 days was not significant., Conclusions: Post-operative PBV value measured by FD-CT (computed tomography) correlated with 90-day outcome after EVT for AIS. FD-CT-PBV would be one of the good predictors of clinical outcome., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Background: In meningiomas that occur in the high-convexity region, the superficial temporal artery (STA) frequently feeds the tumor, and when embolizing from the middle meningeal artery (MMA), the embolic material may not reach the tumor vessels because of the pressure gradient resulting from the STA blood flow, resulting in inadequate embolization. In this case, a circular plastic material was used to apply circumferential pressure around the parietal foramen to control blood flow to the tumor., Observations: A 45-year-old male underwent head magnetic resonance imaging that revealed a 2.2-cm meningioma in the right high-convexity region. Preoperative embolization was performed. When N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate was injected from the right MMA while using a circular plastic material to compress the skin around the parietal foramen through which the bilateral STAs (the tumor feeders) flow, it was able to fully penetrate the tumor vessel and occlude the other feeders in a retrograde manner. The patient underwent tumor removal after embolization uneventfully., Lessons: Manual compression of the STA using a circular plastic material is useful when the tumor is fed by the STA through the parietal foramen and is also applicable to transarterial embolization of dural arteriovenous fistulas fed by the STA or occipital artery.

Objectives: We evaluated the thrombus-vaporizing effect of excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) by optical coherence tomography (OCT)., Background: Larger intracoronary thrombus elevates the risk of interventional treatment and mortality in patients with STEMI., Methods: A total of 92 patients with STEMI who presented within 24 hours from the onset and underwent ELCA following manual aspiration thrombectomy (MT) were analyzed., Results: The mean baseline thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade was 0.4 ± 0.6, which subsequently improved to 2.3 ± 0.7 after MT ( p < 0.0001) and 2.7 ± 0.5 after ELCA ( p =0.0001). The median residual thrombus volume after MT was 65.7 mm 3 , which significantly reduced to 47.5 mm 3 after ELCA ( p < 0.0001). Plaque rupture was identified by OCT in only 22 cases (23.9%) after MT, but was distinguishable in 36 additional cases after ELCA (total: 58 cases; 63.0%). Ruptured lesions contained a higher proportion of red thrombus than nonruptured lesions (75.9% vs. 43.3%, p =0.001). Significantly larger thrombus burden after MT (69.6 mm 3 vs. 56.3 mm 3 , p < 0.05) and greater thrombus reduction by ELCA (21.2 mm 3 vs. 11.8 mm 3 , p < 0.01) were observed in ruptured lesions than nonruptured lesions., Conclusions: ELCA effectively vaporized intracoronary thrombus in patients with STEMI even after MT. Lesions with plaque rupture contained larger thrombus burden that was frequently characterized by red thrombus and more effectively reduced by ELCA., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article., (Copyright © 2021 Yuki Yamanaka et al.)

The C-H activation/annulation reaction of various benzamides with fluoroalkylated alkynes in the presence of a Co(acac) 2 ·2H 2 O catalyst proceeded very smoothly to give the corresponding 3- and 4-fluoroalkylated isoquinolinones in excellent yields with approximately 70% regioselectivities. These regioisomers could be successfully separated and obtained in pure form. Major or minor regioisomers were determined as 4- or 3-fluoroalkylated isoquinolinones, respectively, based on X-ray crystallographic analyses.