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Objectives: To compare carotid endarterectomy patch angioplasty (p-CEA) with eversion carotid endarterectomy (e-CEA) and associated risks of early cardio-cerebrovascular complications. Methods: The study was a prospective randomized single-blind trial, monocentric, clinically applicable, descriptive analytical and comparative. From June 2021 to June 2023, 62 consecutive patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic stenosis of the internal carotid artery, admitted to our department and randomized into two groups: carotid endarterectomy with patch angioplasty and eversion carotid endarterectomy. Follow-up for 30 days after surgery. Original Article Results: During surgery e-CEA, 70% patients had an arrhythmia, and 24 hours after 66.7%, seven days after 46.7% and month after 13.3%. During surgery p-CEA, 33.3% patients had an arrhythmia, 24 hours later 33.3%, 7 days after 13.3% and 30 days after 13.3% patients. Statistically significant difference observed during surgery (Fishers p=0.004). One day after the surgery rate of patients with arrhythmia that were treated e-CEA has decreased, but it was still higher than after p-CEA (Fishers p=0.010). Conclusion: The frequency and categorization of postoperative cardiac arrhythmias after eversion carotid endarterectomy, the clinical implications of various postoperative heart rhythm disturbances and their longterm effects on patients need to be further investigate through sufficiently powered randomized controlled studies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE In this study, the isokinetic strength of ankle inversion and eversion in Korean professional basketball players (KBL) was assessed, distinguishing between their dominant and non-dominant legs, as well as across different positions. METHODS A meticulously designed study was conducted involving 25 KBL players (12 guards, 11 forwards, and 2 centers) with an average age of 27.8±5.3 years. The CSMI Norm isokinetic dynamometer, a highly accurate instrument, was used to measure bilateral isokinetic concentric strength at 60°·s-¹ and 150°·s-¹. The study measured peak torque (Nm), body mass normalized peak torque (Nm·kg-¹), bilateral strength asymmetry, and the eversion-to-inversion strength ratio in both dominant and non-dominant legs. RESULTS Peak torques, normalized peak torques, and eversion-to-inversion strength ratios were not significantly different between the dominant and non-dominant legs at the two angular speeds. There was also less than a 10% asymmetry in strength between the two legs. However, a position-specific analysis revealed that guards had a significantly higher normalized peak torque (0.35 vs. 0.30 Nm·kg-1, p=.048) for ankle inversion of the dominant leg at 150°·s-¹ compared to forwards. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that healthy KBL players exhibit symmetrical ankle inversion and eversion muscle strength between their dominant and non-dominant sides, with possible positional differences in strength. These findings serve as a reference for the assessment of inversion and eversion strength in basketball players.

Background: Lateral instability of the ankle is one of the most common causes of musculoskeletal ankle injuries. The peroneus longus (PL) and peroneus brevis (PB) contribute to ankle stability. In early rehabilitation, isometric exercises have been selected for improvement of ankle stability. To effectively train the peroneal muscles during eversion, it is important to consider ankle and body posture. Objects: This study aimed to compare activation of the PL, PB, and biceps femoris (BF) muscles during eversion in different ankle postures (neutral [N], plantarflexed [PF]) and body postures (sitting and side-lying). Methods: Thirty healthy individuals with no history of lateral ankle sprains within the last 6 months were included in the study. Maximal isometric strength of eversion and muscle activation were measured simultaneously. Muscle activation at submaximal eversion was divided by the highest value obtained from maximal isometric eversion among the four postures (percent maximal voluntary isometric contraction [%MVIC]). To examine the differences in muscle activation depending on posture, a 2 × 2 repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted. Results: There were significant interaction effects of ankle and body postures on PL muscle activation and evertor strength (p < 0.05). The PL muscle activation showed a significantly greater difference in the side-lying and PF conditions than in the sitting and N conditions (p < 0.05). Evertor strength was greater in the N compared to the PF condition regardless of body posture (p < 0.05). In the case of PB and BF muscle activation, only the main effects of ankle and body posture were observed (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Among the four postures, the side-lying-PF posture produced the highest muscle activation. The side-lying-PF posture may be preferred for effective peroneal muscle exercises, even when considering the BF muscle.

Copyright of Journal of Engineering (17264073) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Most below-knee prostheses are manufactured in Iraq without considering the fast progress in smart prostheses, which can offer movements in the desired directions according to the type of control system designed for this purpose. The proposed design appears to have the advantages of simplicity, affordability, better load distribution, suitability for subjects with transtibial amputation, and viability in countries with people having low socio-economic status. The designed prosthetics consisted of foot, ball, and socket joints, two stepper motors, a linkage system, and an EMG shield. All these materials were available in the local markets in Iraq. The experimental results showed that the maximum range of motion to move the designed prosthetic in the sagittal and frontal planes reached 70% of the healthy foot range of motion relative to the signals of the gastrocnemius muscle of a healthy leg person. The angles that represented the range of motion achieved in various directions at the ankle joint were Dorsiflexion Angle (35˚), Plantar Flexion Angle (25˚), Inversion Angle (20˚), and Eversion Angle (15˚).

Abstract Background Although the ankle strategy is important for achieving frontal plane stability during one-leg stance, previously developed powered ankle–foot orthoses (PAFOs) did not involve ankle strategies because of hardware limitations. Weakness of movement in frontal plane is a factor that deteriorates gait stability and increases fall risk so it should not be overlooked in rehabilitation. Therefore, we used PAFO with subtalar joint for frontal plane movement and tried to confirm that the existence of it is important in balancing through clinical experiments. Methods We developed a proportional CoP controller to assist ankle strategy or stabilizing moment and enhance eversion to compensate for the tilting moment with 2 dof PAFO. It was true experimental study, and we recruited seven healthy subjects (30 ± 4 years) who did not experience any gait abnormality participated in walking experiments for evaluating the immediate effect of subtalar joint of PAFO on their gait stability. They walked on the treadmill with several cases of controllers for data acquisitions. Indices of gait stability and electromyography for muscle activity were measured and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to identify meaningful changes. Results We found that subjects were most stable during walking (in terms of largest Lyapunov exponents, p 0.008). The results of the correlation analysis indicate that the actuator of the PAFO enhanced eversion and preserved the location of the CoP in the medial direction so that gait stability was not negatively affected or improved. Conclusions We verified that the developed 2 dof PAFO assists the ankle strategy by compensating for the tilting moment with proportional CoP controller and that wearer can walk in a stable state when the orthosis provides power for reducing muscle activity. This result is meaningful because an ankle strategy should be considered in the development of PAFOs for enhancing or even rehabilitating proprioception. Trial registration 7001988-202003-HR-833-03

Current European guidelines recommend both eversion carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and conventional CEA with routine patch closure, rather than routine primary closure. Polyester and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) have been used as patch material for a long time. More recently, bovine pericardium has been used; however, there are few studies comparing long term results between bovine pericardium and other patch types. The aim of this study was to investigate the short and long term results after CEA depending on surgical technique and patch material. A registry based study on all primary CEAs (n = 9 205) performed for symptomatic carotid artery stenosis in Sweden from July 2008 to December 2019, cross linked with data from the Swedish stroke registry, Riksstroke, and chart review for evaluation of any events occurring during follow up. The primary endpoint was ipsilateral stroke < 30 days. Secondary endpoints included re-operations due to neck haematoma and < 30 day ipsilateral stroke, > 30 day ipsilateral stroke, all stroke > 30 days, and all cause mortality. 2 495 patients underwent eversion CEA and 6 710 conventional CEA for symptomatic carotid stenosis. The most commonly used patch material was Dacron (n = 3 921), followed by PTFE (n = 588) and bovine pericardium (n = 413). A total of 1 788 patients underwent conventional CEA with primary closure. Two hundred and seventy-three patients (3.0%) had a stroke < 30 days. Primary closure was associated with an increased risk of ipsilateral stroke and stroke or death <30 days: odds ratio 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2 – 2.4, p =.002); and 1.5 (95% CI 1.2 – 2.0), respectively. During follow up (median 4.2 years), 592 patients had any form of stroke and 1 492 died. There was no significant difference in long term risk of ipsilateral stroke, all stroke, or death depending on surgical technique or patch material. There was an increased risk of ipsilateral stroke < 30 days in patients operated on with primary closure compared with eversion CEA and patch angioplasty. There was no difference between primary closure, different patch types, or eversion after the peri-operative phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study radial expansion, cavitation, and eversion of spherical shells made of incompressible, isotropic, and functionally graded (i.e. inhomogeneous) soft (or rubber-like) materials that are increasingly being used in prosthetics, seals, tires, flexible electronics, soft robots, and many other applications. We consider all geometric and material nonlinearities and assume the sphere material to be Mooney–Rivlin material whose two parameters, C 1(R) and C 2(R), are smooth functions of the radial coordinate, R, in the stress-free undeformed configuration. The shell's inversion illustrates non-uniqueness of solutions in finite elasticity since sphere's bounding surfaces are traction free in the reference and the deformed configurations but stresses/strains in the interior are different. Assuming that a shell under a dead tensile pressure on the outer surface cavitates when the radial stretch at the inner surface equals four, we delineate effects of functions C 1(R) and C 2(R) on the cavitation pressure. It is found that for power-law variations with indices m and n, respectively, for C 1(R) and C 2(R) the cavitation pressure can be controlled by suitably choosing m and n. Large positive and negative values of m and n are deleterious for a sphere loaded only by a pressure on the inner surface since they produce high hoop stresses within the sphere. Other results given in the paper will enable one to tailor functions C 1(R) and C 2(R) to either mitigate cavitation or initiate it at a desired pressure or have prescribed through-the-thickness variations of stresses to optimize sphere's performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of bladder-prostatic muscle reconstruction and bladder neck eversion anastomosis in the recovery of urinary continence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Materials and Methods: From January 2020 to May 2022, 69 patients who underwent RARP in our hospital were recruited. Thirty-seven patients underwent RARP with the Veil of Aphrodite technique (control group). On the basis of the control group, 32 patients underwent bladder-prostatic muscle reconstruction and bladder neck eversion anastomosis during RARP (observation group). The recovery of urinary continence was followed up at 24 h and 1, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after catheter removal. Results: There were no significant differences in operative time (127.76 ± 21.23 min vs. 118.85 ± 24.71 min), blood loss (118.27 ± 16.75 mL vs. 110.77 ± 19.63 mL), rate of leakage (3.13% vs. 2.70%), rate of positive surgical margin (6.25% vs. 10.81%), or postoperative Gleason score [7 (6–8) vs. 7 (7–8)] between the observation group and the control group (p > 0.05). After catheter removal, the rates of urinary continence at 24 h, 1 week, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks were 46.88%, 68.75%, 84.38%, 90.63%, and 93.75% in the observation group, respectively. Meanwhile, the rates of urinary continence in the control group were 21.62%, 37.84%, 62.16%, 86.49%, and 91.89%, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.034), especially at 24 h, 1 week, and 4 weeks after catheter removal (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Bladder-prostatic muscle reconstruction and bladder neck eversion anastomosis were beneficial to the recovery of urinary continence after RARP, especially early urinary continence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although the ankle strategy is important for achieving frontal plane stability during one-leg stance, previously developed powered ankle-foot orthoses (PAFOs) did not involve ankle strategies because of hardware limitations. Weakness of movement in frontal plane is a factor that deteriorates gait stability and increases fall risk so it should not be overlooked in rehabilitation. Therefore, we used PAFO with subtalar joint for frontal plane movement and tried to confirm that the existence of it is important in balancing through clinical experiments.Methods: We developed a proportional CoP controller to assist ankle strategy or stabilizing moment and enhance eversion to compensate for the tilting moment with 2 dof PAFO. It was true experimental study, and we recruited seven healthy subjects (30 ± 4 years) who did not experience any gait abnormality participated in walking experiments for evaluating the immediate effect of subtalar joint of PAFO on their gait stability. They walked on the treadmill with several cases of controllers for data acquisitions. Indices of gait stability and electromyography for muscle activity were measured and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to identify meaningful changes.Results: We found that subjects were most stable during walking (in terms of largest Lyapunov exponents, p < 0.008) with the assistance of the PAFO when their electromyographic activity was the most reduced (p < 0.008), although postural sway increased when a proportional CoP controller was used to assist the ankle strategy (p < 0.008). Other indices of gait stability, kinematic variability, showed no difference between the powered and unpowered conditions (p > 0.008). The results of the correlation analysis indicate that the actuator of the PAFO enhanced eversion and preserved the location of the CoP in the medial direction so that gait stability was not negatively affected or improved.Conclusions: We verified that the developed 2 dof PAFO assists the ankle strategy by compensating for the tilting moment with proportional CoP controller and that wearer can walk in a stable state when the orthosis provides power for reducing muscle activity. This result is meaningful because an ankle strategy should be considered in the development of PAFOs for enhancing or even rehabilitating proprioception. Trial registration 7001988-202003-HR-833-03. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to describe the narrative and thematic processes related to catastrophic time in Antonio Moresco’s The Games of Eternity. A work of unusual vastness due to its characteristic feature: breaking with the mimetic conventions of representation and perception, through the principle of reversal as a principle of openness.

Copyright of Ostium is the property of Ostium and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Zebrafish telencephalon acquires an everted morphology by a two-step process that occurs from 1 to 5 days post-fertilization (dpf). Little is known about how this process affects the positioning of discrete telencephalic cell populations, hindering our understanding of how eversion impacts telencephalic structural organization. In this study, we characterize the neurochemistry, cycle state and morphology of an EGFP positive (+) cell population in the telencephalon of Et(gata2 : EGFP)bi105 transgenic fish during eversion and up to 20dpf. We map the transgene insertion to the early-growth-response-gene-3 (egr3) locus and show that EGFP expression recapitulates endogenous egr3 expression throughout much of the pallial telencephalon. Using the gata2:EGFP bi105 transgene, in combination with other well-characterized transgenes and structural markers, we track the development of various cell populations in the zebrafish telencephalon as it undergoes the morphological changes underlying eversion. These datasets were registered to reference brains to form an atlas of telencephalic development at key stages of the eversion process (1dpf, 2dpf, and 5dpf) and compared to expression in adulthood. Finally, we registered gata2:EGFPbi105 expression to the Zebrafish Brain Browser 6dpf reference brain (ZBB, see Marquart et al., 2015, 2017; Tabor et al., 2019), to allow comparison of this expression pattern with anatomical data already in ZBB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The post-PC era of computing offers digital rhetors an opportunity to innovate their inventional approaches. The new era is one in which an ecology of networked, distributed, sensor-based devices amplify our perceptions of self and world by changing the ecological relations that define our connections to our techno-social environments. By extending Casey Boyle’s posthuman practice of rhetorical invention to the new computational era, rhetoricians can develop digital interactive projects that move participants by amplifying the choric bases of their perceptions of self and world.

Zebrafish telencephalon acquires an everted morphology by a two-step process that occurs from 1 to 5 days post-fertilization (dpf). Little is known about how this process affects the positioning of discrete telencephalic cell populations, hindering our understanding of how eversion impacts telencephalic structural organization. In this study, we characterize the neurochemistry, cycle state and morphology of an EGFP positive (+) cell population in the telencephalon of Et(gata2:EGFP)bi105 transgenic fish during eversion and up to 20dpf. We map the transgene insertion to the early-growth-response-gene-3 (egr3) locus and show that EGFP expression recapitulates endogenous egr3 expression throughout much of the pallial telencephalon. Using the gata2:EGFPbi105 transgene, in combination with other well-characterized transgenes and structural markers, we track the development of various cell populations in the zebrafish telencephalon as it undergoes the morphological changes underlying eversion. These datasets were registered to reference brains to form an atlas of telencephalic development at key stages of the eversion process (1dpf, 2dpf, and 5dpf) and compared to expression in adulthood. Finally, we registered gata2:EGFPbi105 expression to the Zebrafish Brain Browser 6dpf reference brain (ZBB, see Marquart et al., 2015, 2017; Tabor et al., 2019), to allow comparison of this expression pattern with anatomical data already in ZBB.

While exploring complex unmapped spaces is a persistent challenge for robots, plants are able to reliably accomplish this task. In this work we develop branching robots that deploy through an eversion process that mimics key features of plant growth (i.e., apical extension, branching). We show that by optimizing the design of these robots, we can successfully traverse complex terrain even in unseen instances of an environment. By simulating robot growth through a set of known training maps and evaluating performance with a reward heuristic specific to the intended application (i.e., exploration, anchoring), we optimized robot designs with a particle swarm algorithm. We show these optimization efforts transfer from training on known maps to performance on unseen maps in the same type of environment, and that the resulting designs are specialized to the environment used in training. Furthermore, we fabricated several optimized branching everting robot designs and demonstrated key aspects of their performance in hardware. Our branching designs replicated three properties found in nature: anchoring, coverage, and reachability. The branching designs were able to reach 25% more of a given space than non-branching robots, improved anchoring forces by 12.55×, and were able to hold greater than 100× their own mass (i.e., a device weighing 5 g held 575 g). We also demonstrated anchoring with a robot that held a load of over 66.7 N at an internal pressure of 50 kPa. These results show the promise of using branching vine robots for traversing complex and unmapped terrain.

Abstract We present a rare congenital condition in a Persian newborn characterized by the unilateral everted upper eyelid. This report aimed to create awareness among neonatologists and ophthalmologists who are first‐time viewers of this condition and lead them to choose the appropriate management.

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BackgroundWound edge eversion has been hypothesized to improve aesthetic outcomes after cutaneous wound closure. Data supporting this assertion are sparse.ObjectiveWe sought to determine if wound eversion, achieved with interrupted subcuticular sutures, improves aesthetic outcome compared with planar closures.MethodsWe undertook a prospective, randomized, split-scar intervention in patients who underwent cutaneous surgery. Half of the wound was randomized to an everted or planar repair; the other side received the opposite one. At 3- and 6-month follow-up, both the patient and 2 blinded observers evaluated the wound using the Patient Observer Self-Assessment Scale (POSAS).ResultsThe total observer POSAS score for the everted (13.59, 12.26) and planar (12.91, 12.98) sides did not differ significantly at 3 or 6 months, respectively. Similarly, there was not a significant difference in patient assessment between the everted (16.23, 12.84) and planar (15.07, 12.79) sides at 3 or 6 months, respectively. Finally, there was no significant difference between the 2 closure methods in terms of scar height or width at follow-up.LimitationsThis was a single-center trial, which used a validated but still subjective scar assessment instrument.ConclusionWound eversion was not significantly associated with improved overall scar assessments by blinded observers or patient assessment.

Background and Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of bladder-prostatic muscle reconstruction and bladder neck eversion anastomosis in the recovery of urinary continence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Materials and Methods: From January 2020 to May 2022, 69 patients who underwent RARP in our hospital were recruited. Thirty-seven patients underwent RARP with the Veil of Aphrodite technique (control group). On the basis of the control group, 32 patients underwent bladder-prostatic muscle reconstruction and bladder neck eversion anastomosis during RARP (observation group). The recovery of urinary continence was followed up at 24 h and 1, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after catheter removal. Results: There were no significant differences in operative time (127.76 ± 21.23 min vs. 118.85 ± 24.71 min), blood loss (118.27 ± 16.75 mL vs. 110.77 ± 19.63 mL), rate of leakage (3.13% vs. 2.70%), rate of positive surgical margin (6.25% vs. 10.81%), or postoperative Gleason score [7 (6–8) vs. 7 (7–8)] between the observation group and the control group (p > 0.05). After catheter removal, the rates of urinary continence at 24 h, 1 week, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks were 46.88%, 68.75%, 84.38%, 90.63%, and 93.75% in the observation group, respectively. Meanwhile, the rates of urinary continence in the control group were 21.62%, 37.84%, 62.16%, 86.49%, and 91.89%, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.034), especially at 24 h, 1 week, and 4 weeks after catheter removal (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Bladder-prostatic muscle reconstruction and bladder neck eversion anastomosis were beneficial to the recovery of urinary continence after RARP, especially early urinary continence.

The present paper is the first comparative study on the astroglia of several actinopterygian species at different phylogenetical positions, teleosts (16 species), and non-teleosts (3 species), based on the immunohistochemical staining of GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), the characteristic cytoskeletal intermediary filament protein, and immunohistochemical marker of astroglia. The question was, how the astroglial architecture reflexes the high diversity of this largest vertebrate group. The actinopterygian telencephalon has a so-called ‘eversive’ development in contrast to the ‘evagination’ found in sarcopterygii (including tetrapods). Several brain parts either have no equivalents in tetrapod vertebrates (e.g., torus longitudinalis, lobus inferior, lobus nervi vagi), or have rather different shapes (e.g., the cerebellum). GFAP was visualized applying DAKO polyclonal anti-GFAP serum. The study was focused mainly on the telencephalon (eversion), tectum (visual orientation), and cerebellum (motor coordination) where the evolutionary changes were most expected, but the other areas were also investigated. The predominant astroglial elements were tanycytes (long, thin, fiber-like cells). In the teleost telencephala a ‘fan-shape’ re-arrangement of radial glia reflects the eversion. In bichir, starlet, and gar, in which the eversion is less pronounced, the ‘fan-shape’ re-arrangement did not form. In the tectum the radial glial processes were immunostained, but in Ostariophysi and Euteleostei it did not extend into their deep segments. In the cerebellum Bergmann-like glia was found in each group, including non-teleosts, except for Cyprinidae. The vagal lobe was uniquely enlarged and layered in Cyprininae, and had a corresponding layered astroglial system, which left almost free of GFAP the zones of sensory and motor neurons. In conclusion, despite the diversity and evolutionary alterations of Actinopterygii brains, the diversity of the astroglial architecture is moderate. In contrast to Chondrichthyes and Amniotes; in Actinopterygii true astrocytes (stellate-shaped extraependymal cells) did not appear during evolution, and the expansion of GFAP-free areas was limited.

The present paper is the first comparative study on the astroglia of several actinopterygian species at different phylogenetical positions, teleosts (16 species), and non-teleosts (3 species), based on the immunohistochemical staining of GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), the characteristic cytoskeletal intermediary filament protein, and immunohistochemical marker of astroglia. The question was, how the astroglial architecture reflexes the high diversity of this largest vertebrate group. The actinopterygian telencephalon has a so-called 'eversive' development in contrast to the 'evagination' found in sarcopterygii (including tetrapods). Several brain parts either have no equivalents in tetrapod vertebrates (e.g., torus longitudinalis, lobus inferior, lobus nervi vagi), or have rather different shapes (e.g., the cerebellum). GFAP was visualized applying DAKO polyclonal anti-GFAP serum. The study was focused mainly on the telencephalon (eversion), tectum (visual orientation), and cerebellum (motor coordination) where the evolutionary changes were most expected, but the other areas were also investigated. The predominant astroglial elements were tanycytes (long, thin, fiber-like cells). In the teleost telencephala a 'fan-shape' re-arrangement of radial glia reflects the eversion. In bichir, starlet, and gar, in which the eversion is less pronounced, the 'fan-shape' re-arrangement did not form. In the tectum the radial glial processes were immunostained, but in Ostariophysi and Euteleostei it did not extend into their deep segments. In the cerebellum Bergmann-like glia was found in each group, including non-teleosts, except for Cyprinidae. The vagal lobe was uniquely enlarged and layered in Cyprininae, and had a corresponding layered astroglial system, which left almost free of GFAP the zones of sensory and motor neurons. In conclusion, despite the diversity and evolutionary alterations of Actinopterygii brains, the diversity of the astroglial architecture is moderate. In contrast to Chondrichthyes and Amniotes; in Actinopterygii true astrocytes (stellate-shaped extraependymal cells) did not appear during evolution, and the expansion of GFAP-free areas was limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study is to evaluate the results and compare the methods of different variants of surgical treatment for the occlusive-stenotic lesion in extracranial parts of the carotid arteries.Material and methods. Comparative analysis of immediate and remote results, and evaluation of patency after 450 carotid endarterectomy performed by classic and eversion technique.Results. A significant advantage of eversion carotid endarterectomy was confirmed.Conclusion. The good results show not only the high qualification of each operating surgeon as well the entire staff, providing competent logistics and selection of patients for both planned and emergency surgical interventions.

We develop a general minmax procedure in Euclidian spaces for constructing Willmore surfaces of non-zero indices. We apply this procedure to the Willmore minmax sphere eversion in the 3-dimensional Euclidian space. We compute the cost of sphere eversion in terms of Willmore energies of the Willmore spheres in ℝ³. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foot Pronation, also called as "eversion" is a normal and necessary component of the gait cycle. However, abnormal pronation occurs when foot pronates, when actually it shouldn't. It occurs during the half of the stance phase. The foot rolls inward when one lands their foot on surface while walking and running. The complementing structures of the ankle or foot complex permits both stability and mobility depending on conditions acting on it. This article presents on overview on current knowledge on pronated foot and focuses on biomechanics, etiology diagnosis and treatment strategies, conservative treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is the main procedure in carotid surgery, as well as the most frequent vascular procedure. Two techniques of CEA are available : eversion and conventional plus patch angioplasty. Eversion CEA is anatomic procedure that reduces ischemic and total operative time. Simultaneous correction of the joined carotid kinking and coiling is possible, easy and safe, while the usage of patch is excluded. Thanks to oblique shape of anastomosis, eversion CEA is associated with low risk of long-term restenosis. The false anastomotic aneurysms occurrence is very rare, almost impossible after eversion CEA. However, the usage of carotid shunt during eversion CEA is not always simple, while proximal or distal extension of the carotid plaque can make eversion CEA more difficult and risky. Eversion CEA should be the first choice in carotid surgery. Conventional CEA is indicated in cases when carotid plaque is extended more than usual, as well as, if the usage of carotid shunt is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effectiveness of two methods of collecting semen from honeybee Apis mellifera drones was compared, and the reasons for problems with ejaculating semen were analysed. Among 275 drones, 100 were stimulated to release semen using a manual method, 100 with the use of chloroform, and from 75 drones the reproductive organs were dissected for analysis and evaluation. It was found that the principal causes of problems that drones had with ejaculating their semen were anatomical changes or a delay in the development of the mucus glands. It was also found that the method employing chloroform was less efficient in the first phase of eversion of the endophallus, compared with the manual method. The method with the use of chloroform allows the determination of the proportion of drones, which do not evert the endophallus because of poor or delayed development of mucus glands, as well as the proportion of drones which evert the organ, but do not ejaculate semen because of the absence of semen in the seminal vesicles.

The linearity of soft robotic sensors (SRS) was recently validated for movement angle assessment using a rigid body structure that accurately depicted critical movements of the foot−ankle complex. The purpose of this study was to continue the validation of SRS for joint angle movement capture on 10 participants (five male and five female) performing ankle movements in a non-weight bearing, high-seated, sitting position. The four basic ankle movements—plantar flexion (PF), dorsiflexion (DF), inversion (INV), and eversion (EVR)—were assessed individually in order to select good placement and orientation configurations (POCs) for four SRS positioned to capture each movement type. PF, INV, and EVR each had three POCs identified based on bony landmarks of the foot and ankle while the DF location was only tested for one POC. Each participant wore a specialized compression sock where the SRS could be consistently tested from all POCs for each participant. The movement data collected from each sensor was then compared against 3D motion capture data. R-squared and root-mean-squared error averages were used to assess relative and absolute measures of fit to motion capture output. Participant robustness, opposing movements, and gender were also used to identify good SRS POC placement for foot−ankle movement capture.

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INTRODUCTION Studies completed in the last decade of the 20th century showed benefits of carotid endarterectomy in the prevention of stroke in patients with a high-grade stenosis of the internal carotid artery. OBJECTIVE The aim of this prospective, randomized study was the comparison of early and long-term results between the conventional and eversion carotid endarterectomy, and literature review. METHOD By the method of random choice, 103 patients were operated on using the eversion carotid endarterectomy and 98 patients using the conventional technique. Operative treatment was carried out under general anaesthesia. Following the clammping of the carotid artery, retrograde blood pressure was determined by a direct puncture of the internal carotid artery above the stenotic lesions. In patients with retrograde pressure below 20 mm Hg intraluminal shunting was routinely performed. Early results were estimated (during the first seven postoperative days) based on mortality, central neurological complications (stroke, TIA) and cranial or cervical nerve lesions. Long-term results were estimated (after at least two years) based on long-term survival rate, central neurological complications (stroke, TIA) and the incidence of haemodynamically significant restenosis of the carotid artery treated by endarterectomy. RESULTS The average time of clamming of the internal carotid artery in the eversion carotid anderectomy group was 5.36 minutes shorter than in the group treated by the conventional technique. Student's t-test showed a statistically highly significant difference in the time needed for clamming of the internal carotid artery between the two groups. The average duration of eversion endarterectomy (82 minutes) was most often 19 minutes shorter than the duration of the conventional endarterectomy (101 minutes). Student's t-test showed a statistically highly significant difference in the average length of surgeries. The distal intimal fixation was more often needed during the conventional carotid endarterectomy (34.7%) compared to eversion endarterectomy (3.9%). χ2-test showed a statistically highly significant difference. CONCLUSION Eversion carotid endarectomy represents a statistically significantly shorter procedure. Distal intimal fixation demanded by this procedure is very rare, clammping of the internal carotid artery is significantly shorter, and it also has a lower rate of the early neurological complications. Based on the results of this study, as well as the opinions of other authors, it can be concluded that the eversion carotid endarterectomy has an advantage over the conventional procedure. We recommend conventional procedure only in cases when retrograde pressure indicates the use of the intraluminal shunting.

Eversion of the third eyelid - EPT, is a condition when the third eyelid rolls back, actually of its margin anteriorally. It occurs almost exclusively in big dog breeds such as the German shepherd, doga, St. Bernard, Newfoundalnder, retrievers, and English bulldogs. Congenital or acquired weakness of the PT cartilage is considered as the main reason for the incidence of EPT. The clinical picture is diverse and it most often depends on the intensity, duration and possible complications. The most prominent sign is a certain degree of EPT. Therapy is based on careful submucous excision of the deformed cartilage, with optional stitching of the conjunctive. The most frequent complication is a repeated eversion of the eyelid, as well as protrusion of the PT gland. The prognosis is good if the preoperative and operative procedure are carried out as required, and the eyelid is not too long. .

We present a rare congenital condition in a Persian newborn characterized by the unilateral everted upper eyelid. This report aimed to create awareness among neonatologists and ophthalmologists who are first‐time viewers of this condition and lead them to choose the appropriate management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are conflicting results with respect to the validity and reliability of lower extremity strength measurements using a hand-held dynamometer (HHD) in the healthy population. Previous studies exploring foot inversion and eversion strength using a HHD were carried out with predominantly clinically affected participants in different positions. The question arises whether HHD measurements of isometric foot inversion and eversion strength performed with participants in different positions are valid, reliable and comparable and can be used alternatively. Purpose: The aims of this study were to investigate: a) the intra- and inter-tester reliability of measurements of foot inversion and eversion strength in different participant positions using a belt-stabilized HHD; b) the comparability of results obtained in different positions; and c) the concurrent validity of the aforementioned measurements using an isokinetic dynamometer. Methods: Thirty adults (12 females and 18 males; mean age 22.5 ± 3.9 years) volunteered to participate in this study. Maximal isometric foot inversion and eversion torques (Nm) were measured with participants lying supine, sitting with knees extended and lying on their side using a belt-stabilized HHD. Measurements were performed independently by two physiotherapists over two days and were repeated using an isokinetic dynamometer. Validity and intra- and inter-tester reliability were determined using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). A two-way ANOVA (p<0.05) and post-hoc tests with Bonferroni correction were used to compare data from different positions. Bland-Altman plots were used to demonstrate the range of error and difference between HHD and isokinetic measurements. Results: Intra-tester reliability for inversion and eversion torques was fair to excellent in all positions (ICC = 0.598-0.828). Excellent inter-tester reliability was found for eversion torques in all positions (ICC = 0.773-0.860). For inversion torques, inter-tester reliability was fair to excellent (ICC = 0.519-0.879). ICC values of 0.205 to 0.562 indicated a low to fair concurrent validity. A significant difference was observed between the torques of the supine and side-lying positions as well as sitting and side-lying positions (p<0.05). Bland-Altman plots showed that the mean of the differences for inversion and eversion torques deviates considerably from zero, indicating that measurements with the HHD in the three positions produce lower values compared to using the isokinetic dynamometer. Conclusions: Inversion and eversion strength measurements with subjects in different positions using HHD seem to be reliable, but consistently underestimated torque output when compared with measurements using isokinetic dynamometry. While the HHD outcomes measured in supine and sitting positions seem to be comparable, those measured in supine/sitting and side-lying positions differed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Navigating online scholarly publications is theorized here as an active journey that readers embark upon and undertake, creating personal meaning through narrative structures that, in turn, make sense of the online data that has been individually explored. The concept of the "eversion" is examined as a useful way of understanding how readers interact with data via networked smart objects, and through different interface designs and mechanisms. The passageways and "border exchanges" between analogue and digital worlds are sites that illuminate how people engage with information seeking and digital sensemaking; coupled with the centrality of the contemporary digital self, the article argues for a humanistic outcome in this focus on human engagement with inverted analogue and digital worlds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The validity and reliability of a new prototype (PT) to measure tibio-calcaneal eversion/inversion, internal/external rotation, and plantar/dorsiflexion angle during running were investigated. Design. Test-retest measurements by a 3D accelerometer and gyroscope inertial motion unit (IMU) were compared to a motion capture (MC) based system both capturing in-shoe rearfoot and tibia kinematics. Background. Laboratory running tests may not reflect movement characteristics experienced during outdoor training. Lower extremity running kinematics have not been obtained by 3D IMU measurement within the shoe previously. Methods. 3D motion of two IMUs attached to the tibia and calcaneus, as well as retroreflective markers through windows in the running shoes, were determined during running. Intersegmental motion was extracted by a complementary filter fusing accelerometer data with integrated gyroscope angular velocity. PT measurements for motion along main anatomical axes were similar to MC derived curves based on coefficients of multiple correlation. Intraclass correlation correlations (ICC) showed a low correlation between PT and MC in three out of four parameters, but high repeatability for PT between test and retest measures. PT underestimated angular motion with a root mean square error (RMSe) of 182.5°/s and bias of 176.3°/s. Eversion was underestimated by PT with RMSe of 6.3°. The PT method was found inadequate to determine valid tibio-calcaneal motion while it was reliable for repeated tests and may allow for intra-subject comparisons of different footwear or inserts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although the mechanisms underlying brain patterning and regionalization are very much conserved, the morphology of different brain regions is extraordinarily variable across vertebrate phylogeny. This is especially manifest in the telencephalon, where the most dramatic variation is seen between ray-finned fish, which have an everted telencephalon, and all other vertebrates, which have an evaginated telencephalon. The mechanisms that generate these distinct morphologies are not well understood. Results: Here we study the morphogenesis of the zebrafish telencephalon from 12 hours post fertilization (hpf) to 5 days post fertilization (dpf) by analyzing forebrain ventricle formation, evolving patterns of gene and transgene expression, neuronal organization, and fate mapping. Our results highlight two key events in telencephalon morphogenesis. First, the formation of a deep ventricular recess between telencephalon and diencephalon, the anterior intraencephalic sulcus (AIS), effectively creates a posterior ventricular wall to the telencephalic lobes. This process displaces the most posterior neuroepithelial territory of the telencephalon laterally. Second, as telencephalic growth and neurogenesis proceed between days 2 and 5 of development, the pallial region of the posterior ventricular wall of the telencephalon bulges into the dorsal aspect of the AIS. This brings the ventricular zone (VZ) into close apposition with the roof of the AIS to generate a narrow ventricular space and the thin tela choroidea (tc). As the pallial VZ expands, the tc also expands over the upper surface of the telencephalon. During this period, the major axis of growth and extension of the pallial VZ is along the anteroposterior axis. This second step effectively generates an everted telencephalon by 5 dpf. Conclusion: Our description of telencephalic morphogenesis challenges the conventional model that eversion is simply due to a laterally directed outfolding of the telencephalic neuroepithelium. This may have significant bearing on understanding the eventual organization of the adult fish telencephalon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of the study is to investigate the inversion/ eversion muscle strength balance of the ankle in patients with medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS). A dysbalance of these muscles may play a role in the pathophysiology of MTSS. Another aim is to measure the medial longitudinal arch and navicular drop in patients with MTSS. A total of 11 patients diagnosed with MTSS in the outpatient clinic of Ege University School of Medicine Sports Medicine Department were enrolled in this study. The control group consisted of 11 regularly exercising individuals. The mean age of the patient group and the control group was 21.0±1.9 years (18-23 years) and 23.2±2.9 years (18-27 years), respectively. A detailed exercise questionnaire was administered to all subjects. Isokinetic muscle strength testing was performed at 30°/sec and 120°/sec to assess invertor and evertor muscle strength of the ankle. Photographs of the weight bearing and non-weight bearing foot were taken to measure the medial longitudinal arch deformation and the navicular drop. At 30°/sec, the average eversion concentric strength was significantly higher in the patient group, and the inversion/ eversion strength ratio was significantly higher in the control group (p < 0.05). At 120°/sec velocity, average concentric eversion strength was significantly higher in the patient group (p < 0.05). The measurements of pronation indicators did not reveal any statistically significant differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). MTSS may occur without an increase of pronation indicators like medial longitudinal arch deformation or navicular drop. In such cases, one of the predisposing factors may be the strength dysbalance of the invertor/evertor muscles in favour of the evertor muscles. This observation may be of additional value in the prevention and therapy of MTSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Live imaging has revolutionized the analysis of developmental biology over the last few years. The ability to track in real time the dynamic processes that occur at tissue and cellular levels gives a much clearer view of development, and allows greater temporal resolution, than is possible with fixed tissue. Drosophila imaginal discs are a particularly important model of many aspects of development, but their small size and location inside the larva and pupa has prevented live imaging techniques from extensively being used in their study. Here, we introduce the use of viscous culture medium to enable high resolution imaging of imaginal disc development. As a proof of principle, we have analyzed the trans- formation that occurs during metamorphosis of the wing .imaginal disc into the mature wing and report several previously unobserved stages of this model of organogenesis. These imaging methods are especially useful to study the complex and dynamic changes that occur during morphogenesis, but we show that they can also be used to analyze other developmental and cellular events. Moreover, our viscous medium creates a platform for future adaptation of other tissue culture conditions to allow imaging of a wide range of developmental events and systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]