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Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model Dialogic Reading berbantuan media gambar terhadap penguasaan kosakata dan membaca pemahaman siswa kelas IV SD segugus 6 center Kabupaten Takalar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu quasi eksperimental dengan desain penelitian Pretest Posttest Control Group Design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SDN No. 39 Center Palleko yan berjumlah 27 siswa dan SDN No. 167 Inp. Malewang yang berjumlah 24 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu tes tertulis. Hasil analisis data menggunakan uji independent sampel t test. Menunjukkan nilai rata-rata siswa pada kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan model Dialogic Reading berbantuan media gambar untuk penguasaan kosakata yaitu 76.85, sedangkan pada kelas control dengan pembelajaran konvensional yaitu 71.04. Sama halnya nilai rata-rata siswa untuk membaca pemahaman, pada kelas eksperimen yaitu 8-.19, sedangkan pada kelas control yaiutu 66.48, dari hasil tersebut dapat dilihat adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen yang menerapkan model Dialogic Reading berbantuan media gambar dengan kelas control yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran Dialogic Reading berbantuan media gamar terhadap penguasaan kosakata dan membaca pemahaman siswa kelas IV segugus 6 center kabupaten Takalar. Penelitian ini diharapkan model Dialogic Reading dapat menjadi salah satu alternative model pembelajaran di sekolah.

The aims of this research were: (1) to find out how teachers in rural areas implement the 2013 curriculum in teaching English (2) to find out what problems are faced by English teachers in rural areas in implementing the 2013 curriculum. This research used a qualitative method. The subjects of this research were English teachers of SMPN 9 Seko, SMPN 1 Seko, and SMPN 2 Seko. The total number of subjects was five English teachers. The procedure of this research was collected by doing observation and interviewing the English teachers using questionnaires. The results of this research showed that: first, implementation of the 2013 curriculum in Seko District as a rural area is still not going well and ineffective because there are still components of the teaching and learning process that have not been implemented systematically and precisely in the teaching and learning process. Second, the result based on the interview was the first problem that the teachers faced in teaching English in rural areas is the unavailability of learning media and most of the students still used their local language or mother tongue as a daily language which makes students usually do not understand well when teachers explain the lesson.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendekatan literasi dengan teknik 6M berbantuan media gambar terhadap kemampuan menulis cerita narasi dan kemampuan bercerita siswa kelas III MI Abu Hurairah Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Quasi-Experimental Research atau Penelitian Eksperimen Semu. Metode yang digunakan yaitu literasi teknik 6M berbantuan media gambar pada kelas eksperimen. Sedangkan pada kelas kontrol hanya menggunakan metode konvensional. Peneltian ini terdiri atas 48 siswa kelas III yaitu 30 siswa kelas kontrol dan 18 siswa kelas eksperimen. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan uji manova sebelum melakukan uji tersebut terdapat uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas. Hasil pengujian hipotesis manova menunjukkan bahwa nilai sighitung (0,00) < sig. α (0,05) berarti Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima artinya ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara kemampuan menulis cerita narasi dan kemampuan bercerita siswa kelas III MI Abu Hurairah Makassar. Dengan demikian literasi teknik 6M berbantuan media gambar dianggap berhasil dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menulis cerita narasi dan kemampuan bercerita bagi peserta didik sehingga metode ini dapat digunakan guru dalam kegiatan proses pembelajaran guna menciptakan suasana pembelajaran yang baru.

Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan desain penelitian dan pengembangan model ASSURE. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 5 MIN 1 Jeneponto yang berjumlah 24 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik dari aplikasi digital android yang dikembangkan yaitu memuat materi ide pokok kelas 5 tingkat SD/MI dengan isi aplikasi meliputi petunjuk penggunaan media, KI/KD, materi pembelajaran yang dilengkapi dengan video, rangkuman, latihan soal, kuis, referensi serta profil pengembang yang dapat diakses melalui smartphone secara offline. Kelayakan aplikasi digital android ditunjukkan oleh total skor yang diperoleh dari validator ahli media, ahli materi dan guru mata pelajaran dengan skor rata-rata 3,6 dengan kriteria sangat layak. Kepraktisan aplikasi digital android mendapatkan hasil angket uji coba awal, uji coba kelompok kecil dan uji coba lapangan dengan rata-rata skor 3,48 dengan kriteria baik. Keefektifan aplikasi digital android dilihat dari hasil observasi aktifitas siswa dengan kriteria sangat baik dan persentase kelulusan dari tes yang diberikan menunjukkan kriteria sangat baik dengan ketuntasan belajar sebesar 91,67%.

The objective of the research was to discover whether or not the theme-based teaching improve students’ vocabulary in speaking skill. This research was in quantitative design. The population of this research was 100 students in MTS Muhammadiyah Lempangan Gowa at VII grade. By applying simple random sampling technique, the sample of this research was 30 students of class VII-A. Research instruments used for collecting the data were pretests and posttest. The research was done in two cycles. The pretest consisted of six questions. The post test 1 consisted of one question with theme “school”. The post test 2 consisted of the similar instruction as the prior test but modified with pictures. The results of the research showed that the students' vocabulary mastery in speaking skill increased significantly. In pretest, there were only 14 students fulfill the KKM which was 70. The mean score of pretest was 68.3. In cycle 1, the mean score kept improving to 73.05 came from 21 students. In cycle 2, the mean score rose to 79.56 resulted from 24 students. There was 4 student left who did not pass the KKM.

This research aims to know the The Analysis of Active Learning and Critical Thinking to the Students Participation in English Debate Community. The research methodology of this research is descriptive qualitative. The techniques of collecting data are speaking test used technique debate and interview test used google forms. The result of this research found that active learning and critical thinking have a connection to debate skills. They are related each other. The active learning may improve critical thinking ability, while debate skills can be improved by having a good critical thinking.

The objective of this research was to find out how explicit instruction increased students' knowledge of certain words and to know out whether there was a significant increase in knowledge of words taught with explicit instructions at SMPN 3 Pattallassang.This research used the Pre-experimental Design as a research design that involves two types of instruments in data collection, namely pretest and posttest. The subject of this research was eighth grade students at SMPN 3 Pattallassang which consist of one class. The object of this research was the eighth grade students. The data was analyzed by significant differences on students' knowledge of specific words before after being taught with explicit instruction.The findings of this study concluded that the used of explicit instruction improved the vocabulary mastery of eighth grade students of SMPN 3 Pattallassang. This was evidenced by the average score of the test, vocabulary in terms of verbs in the pre-test was 54.56 and post-test was 80.32, and the improvement from pre-test to post-test was 47%, the average score of the test in terms of words objects in the pre-test was 52.08 and the post-test was 75.47, and the improvement from pre-test to post-test was 42%, the mean test score in terms of adjectives in pre-test was 56.08 and post-test was 82.64, and the improvement from pre-test to post-test was 48%, the average score students' vocabulary in the pre-test was 54.48 and after the post-test was 79.47 and the improvement from pre-test to post-test was 46%.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pembelajaran membaca permulaan yang dilakukan oleh anak berkebutuhan khusus (Autis) SD Pertiwi Makassar Kecamatan Rappocini Kota Makassar, untuk mengetahui faktor pendukung dan penghambat membaca permulaan yang dilakukan oleh anak berkebutuhan khusus (Autis) SD Pertiwi Makassar Kecamatan Rappocini Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpul melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisa data, yang terdiri dari tahap pengumpulan data, reduksi data, sajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan anak berkebutuhan khusus adalah anak yang dalam proses tumbuh kembangnya mengalami gangguan dan hambatan secara bermakna dari kriteria normal dalam karakteristik mental, intelektual, sensorik, neuromotor, fisik, perilaku sosial, kemampuan berkomunikasi kesulitan belajar, berpenyakit kronis, atau gabungan dari dua atau lebih karakteristik tersebut, dan karena gangguan dan hambatan tersebut diperlukan modifikasi layanan pendidikan yang disebut pendidikan khusus untuk mengajar anak berkebutuhan khusus membaca permulaan

The objective of the research is to find out the influence of International Pre-service Teaching Program toward students’ speaking English ability at Makassar Muhammadiyah University. The researcher applied descriptive qualitative research. The population of the research was the students who join International Pre-service Teaching Program (P2K International) at Makassar Muhammadiyah University. The researcher used total sampling technique. The population consisted of 15 students who joined in 2014 and 13 students who joined in 2015. The result of the research data showed that there were 25.31% students chose Strongly Agree from 237 items in positive statement and 37.14% Agree, 27.85% Undecided, 5.90% Disagree, and then 3.80% students chose Strongly Agree. While 1.57% students chose Strongly Agree from 254 items in negative statement and 10.24% Agree, 21.26% Undecided, 23.63% Disagree, and then 43.30% students chose Strongly Agree. In self-confidence aspect they feel no worry anymore to speak in public, in grammar they can not deny that their grammar become better, in fluently their English speaking is not slow as beginner, and their vocabulary significantly enriched after the program. All these aspects lead the students to become speaker especially in English. Having analyzed the data, it can be concluded that Pre-service teaching international program has significantly influence and improved the students’ English speaking ability at Makassar Muhammadiyah University.

An integrated curriculum is an educational approach that prepares students to face lifelong learning. In curriculum integration, schools must view education as a process of developing the abilities needed in life, especially in facing 21st-century life challenges, not discrete subjects that are divided into different fields. Integrated learning will provide the opportunity for students to understand the complex problems that exist in the surrounding environment with a complete view. With this integrated learning, students are expected to have the ability to identify, gather, assess, and use information that is around them meaningfully. This can be obtained not only through the provision of new knowledge to students but also through the opportunity to strengthen and apply it in a variety of increasingly diverse new situations. The main focus of this article is to analyze the implementation of integrated learning in the curriculum in Indonesia. The integrated curriculum developed by Robin Fogarty has many advantages that can be adapted in the development of education in Indonesia, including the revised Curriculum 2013. Academics and practitioners must comprehensively understand the nature of the ten curriculum models (Robin Fogarty) and Curriculum 2013 before making tools and implementing them in learning.

The research aims to find out the linguistics factors affecting students speaking skill at the first semester students in English Department of UniversitasMuhammadiyah Makassar. This research applied descriptive qualitative using qualitative approach. To collect the data from the students, the researchers used document analysis. The sample is selected by using purposive sampling because the research will take one class at first semester students of UniversitasMuhammadiyah Makassar. The subject ofthe research were 8 students. The instrument that will be used is a document analysis. The result of the document analysis showed that there were several phonetics factors that affect student’s speaking skill, they were intonation, stress, vowel and consonant.

Poor reading performance is difficult for students, parents, teachers, and lecturers. This study used a total sample technique to determine the elements that influence poor reading performance. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Poor reading skills are caused by a number of issues, including a lack of attention paid to phonics training, students' laziness, a lack of incentive to learn to read, and phonics instruction leading to inadequate reading comprehension. Poor reading performance was found to be substantially connected with persons who had not received scientifically grounded reading instruction that included a comprehensive and systematic phonic component, as well as experimental study employing a quasi-experimental approach. The ability to understand the meaning of words, word formation, relation within a sentence, relation between parts of a text, relation between parts of a text through reference, prediction, and the idea of a text are the seven components of reading skill treated in this study. The questionnaire was distributed to Muhammadiyah University fourth semester students. Struggling readers, according to the findings, have trouble identifying, discriminating, and isolating sounds—foundational skills for fluent reading. According to studies, all students learn best when teachers use an integrated reading method that explicitly teaches phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary knowledge, and comprehension to all students. Finally, it may be concluded that the employment of interactive methodologies in reading instruction is effective.

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan dan minat menulis bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas IV SD dengan model pembelajaran PBL. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, deskriptif inferensial dalam penelitian ini diberikan perlakuan tertentu (treatment), yaitu kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagian dari populasi dengan Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah total sampling. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner kemampuan menulis dan minat menulis serta proyek membuat puisi serta dokumentasi. Tehnik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu pertama dengan menggunakan pendekatan statistik deskriptif, uji prasyarat, dan uji hipotesis Manova. Hasil penelitian, uji hipotesis manova ditemukan nilai signifikansi media pembelaajran berbasis proyek terhadap keterampilan menulis Bahasa Indonesia pada siswa kelas IV adalah 0.000 < 0.05 yang berarti bahwa Ho di tolak dan H1 diterima, dengan pengambilan keputusan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek (PBP) terhadap kemampuan menulis Bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas IV; 3) berdasarkan uji multivariate di atas ditemukan nilai sig 0.000 < 0.05 yang berarti bahwa Ho di tolak dan H1 diterima, dengan pengambilan keputusan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek (PBP) terhadap minat menulis Bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas IV SD

Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk menjabarkan dan menjawab tantangan yang dihadapi ­edu-Tourism di era revolusi industri 4.0. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian perpustakaan, yang difokuskan pada pembuatan proses desisi dan menganalisis hubungan fenomena yang dinamis dengan logis ilmiah. Hasil dari pembahasan ini adalaha 1) dalam pengembangan pariwisata, ada beberapa aspek yang diperlukan untuk mendukung pengembangan tersebut seperti aspek fisik, aspek daya tarik pariwisata, aspek aksesibilitas, aspek aktivitas dan fasilitas, serta aspek sosial ekonomi dan budaya, 2) konsep wisata pendidikan sengaja didisain khusus untuk memenuhi kapasitas ilmu pengetahuan para pelajar untuk mengisi wawasan kebangsaan dengan kegiatan perjalanan wisata mengenal wilayah dan potensi sumber daya lokal antardaerah, kabupaten, provinsi serta antarpulau di seluruh negeri ini, 3) implementasi industri 4.0 dapat menjadi salah satu strategi untuk menciptakan Ekonomi berbasis digital terutama dalam pengembangan pendidikan pariwisata yang sesuai dengan arah peta jalan Making Indonesia 4.0 dalam upaya meningkatkan kinerja industri nasional dalam bidang pariwisata pendidikan, 4) ada lima keterampilan yang menjadi top dalam perkembangan revolusi industri 4.0. adapun skill tersebut adalah Cognitive Abilities, System Skills, Complex Problem Solving, Content Skills, dan Process Skills. Untuk merespon masa depan perkembangan revolusi industri 4.0, dibutuhkan komitmen yang kuat.

The present study examined the effect of mapping Instructional Materials on EFL learners of different types of materials, and the participant learned a different kind of book content, design, and layout of instructional materials. Also, it describes need analysis and creates a model of instructional materials through in-depth discussion among teachers of secondary schools. Data of the study were collected from six English teachers and students of three classes at three different secondary schools in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study provided critical, meaningful data collection to support what English teacher perception about the design book. Pretest and posttest design were administered to see the effectiveness of the mapping, practicing, and using strategy. Questionnaires were administered to see the teachers and students’ perception toward the instructional materials. It was found that Mapping instructional, practicing, and using strategy is effective in improving the English achievement; instructional materials with different strategies improve the English achievement of the students.

Purpose: The aim of this research study is to measure the influence of International Pre-service Teaching Program on students’ speaking English ability at Muhammadiyah University, Makassar, Indonesia. Approach/Methodology/Design: The descriptive qualitative research method is applied in this study. The population of the research was the students who join International Pre-service Teaching Program (P2K International) at Muhammadiyah University of Makassar. Total sampling technique was used. The sample consisted of fifteen students who joined in 2017 and thirteen students who joined in 2018. Findings: The results of the study indicate that the pre-service teaching in the international program has a significant influence on the students’ English speaking ability at Muhammadiyah University of Makassar. The statistical analysis showed that this program improved the students’ speaking skills remarkably. Practical Implications: The study will contribute positively to the understanding of the influence of international pre-service teaching program. The results will provide the concerned bodies with feedback that can be used to improve the outcomes of the program. Originality/value: This study explores the influences of the pre-service international program at Muhammadiyah University of Makassar. It provides insights into the program being employed at this university, highlighting its strengths and the possible points of weakness.

Masalah utama dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pengaruh penggunaan media animasi terhadap keterampilan menulis cerita murid kelas V SDN se-Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh penggunaan media animasi terhadap keterampilan menulis cerita murid kelas V SDN se-Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian quasi eksperimen yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media animasi terhadap keterampilan menulis cerita murid kelas V SD Negeri se-Kota Makassar sebanyak 112 murid, dikelompokkan atas dua kelompok, yaitu siswa kelas V SD Pongtiku dan kelas V SD Kaccia sebanyak 56 orang sebagai kelompok/ kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas V SD Sangir dan kelas V SD Labuang Baji sebanyak 56 orang sebagai kelompok/ kelas kontrol. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 10 kali pertemuan yang terbagi 5 kali pertemuan pada kelas eksperimen dan 5 kali pertemuan pada kelas kontrol. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes hasil belajar bahasa Indonesia berupa pre-test dan post-test. Adapun hasil analisis deskriptif yang diperoleh sebagai berikut, menunjukkan bahwa siswa kemampuan dalam menulis cerita lebih tinggi, dimana skor murid kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol. Sementara itu, dari hasil uji-t menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan signifikan nilai t-tabel dengan nilai t-test terbukti dengan t-test. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa media animasi berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan menulis cerita pada murid kelas V SD Negeri se-Kota Makassar. Kata kunci: Keterampilan media animasi, media animasi dan hasil belajar

Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) Mengetahui minat baca siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar Se- Kota Makassar, (2) Mengetahui sejauh mana keterampilan berbicara siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar Se- Kota Makassar, (3) Mengetahui pengaruh minat membaca siswa terhadap keterampilan berbicara kelas V Sekolah Dasar Se- Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif, metode survei dalam studi regresional. Populasinya adalah seluruh siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar Se Kota Makassar. Sampel berjumlah 118 orang, yang diperoleh melalui cluster. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh minat membaca terhadap keterampilan berbicara t akademik khusus terhaMAkassar didik terhdapa hasil belajar kimia peserta didik Kelas V Sekolah Dasar Se Kota Makassar t=19,026 dengan (sig p= 0.000

Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui gambaran keterampilan menulis karangan siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar Se Kota Makassar sebelum dan sesudah penerapan model pembelajaran Concept Sentence pada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia dan pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran Concept Sentence pada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia terhadap keterampilan menulis karangan siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar Se-Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang sifatnya Quasi Experiment dengan pre-test, post-test control group desain. dengan demikian hasil penelitian penggunaan model pembelajaran concept sentence terhadap keterampilan menulis karangan kelas V Se-Kota Makassar hasilnya positif, hasil belajar menulis karangan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran concept sentence menunjukkkan hasil belajar yang lebih baik dari pada sebelum diterapkan. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa ada pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran concept sentence terhadap keterampilan menulis karangan siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar Se-Kota Makassar. Kata kunci: Concept Sentence, Karangan, Keterampilan Menulis.

This research deals with teacher questions in senior high school English classroom. The study was conducted to answers three of problem statement. The study was conducted at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 UNISMUH Makassar with the descriptive qualitative method. The study was carried out by observing, interview and taking video recordings of 1 English teacher and 15 students. The researcher takes 2 class in one meeting consist of 90 minutes each class. The result showed that procedural (13%), display (74%) and referential (13%) questions were found in the type of teacher questioning strategies used. However, the reason why teacher used the types of the question is according to the function of the question type. Then the effect of the question to the students based on 6 questions that researcher asked. 60% students agree with the Q1 and 40% disagree. For the Q2 100% students agree with the question that researcher ask and also the Q3 100% students agree with the question. While for Q4 60% students agree and 40% of them disagree. 40% agree and 60% disagree to Q5 and 80% agree and 20% disagree for the Q6.

Assessment is a proces to collect the data focused to make desition about an object, it is developed suitable with the industrial revolution. The objective of the study to explain of assessment of teaching in the 21st century. The study was qualitative by using library research approach, it focused in making desition process and analyze the relationship of a dynamic phenomenon with logical scientific. The finding noted three keys of assessment contents; the complex competences of assessment, the value of outcome accomodate full range beside cognitive and academic achievement, and focus of inteaction will end up of assessment. Entering a new world in 21st century, the characteristic of teaching in this era are; performance in thinking criticaly and solve the problem, innovative and creative, colaborative and cooperative learning, teamwork, leadership, build the understanding of cross culture, communication and information, media and literacy, ICT, and career and learning self-reliance. One of assessment model in this era is teaching assessment based HOTS. It designs to developt critical and creative thinking skills and positive character for students.

he assessment practice in Indonesian Higher Education presently uses the traditional methods, which are assessment for learning and assessment as learning. However, the new perspective on assessment proposes that it should include the process of learning called Assessment for Learning (AFL) and this assessment can be enhanced through the Constructive Alignment (CA) method. The main objective of this study was to determine the correlation between AFL and CA based on age. The respondents of this study were 454 lecturers of 11 Universities selected through multistage cluster sampling method. This study used explanatory sequential design, a combination of quantitative and qualitative method. Quantitative data were obtained using questionnaires followed by qualitative data collection using interviews. The qualitative data were used to explain the quantitative data results. Quantitative data were analyzed using ANOVA, chi-square, and SEM. The validity and reliability of the instruments were determined using the Rasch Model. The findings showed that there was a high correlation level of AFL and CA practice among the lecturers.Keywords: Assessment for Learning, Constructive Alignment, Indonesian Higher Education

This study explains assessment for learning instrumentation, especially in higher education. The population of this study was 100 lecturers of the Muhammadiyah Makassar University, Indonesia. A total of 50 items from six construct were analyzed and used to determine the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. The result shows that the person reliability of the instrument of 100 people was 0.91. It showed that the person reliability is excellent, as well item reliability showed a valued 0.96, which can be categorized excellent. It suggests that the goals of assessment should be to encourage that universities are administered in a way that provides the most appropriate practice in developing teaching and learning process.

Assessment for learning is a new perspective on the assessment system in education. The traditional practice is for evaluating outcomes is an Assessment of Learning. However, new perspective proposes that assessment should be included in the process of learning, that is Assessment for Learning. This main objective of this study is to investigate the validity and reliability of Assessment for Learning. This study used the quantitative survey design, carried out in Indonesia using the proportional stratified random sampling method involving 100 lecturers. It was conducted at University Muhammadiyah of Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using: t-test, anova, and chi-square. The instrument validity and reliability were determined using Rash model analysis. The finding shows that the validity and reliabity of each construct of Assessment for Learning has a high level.

The research aimed at improving the ability of the Eleventh-grade students of Senior High School of Unismuh Makassar in writing descriptive text using the Brain-Sketching Technique. For the purpose, it employed Classroom Action Research in which the researcher worked in planning, implementation, observation, and reflection on the data collected from the teaching and learning process and the students' writing products. The method of this research is Classroom Action Research that consists of two cycles. One cycle consisted of four meetings. It means that there were eight meetings for two cycles. This classroom action research was done in Senior High School of Unismuh Makassar for English subject. As subjects in this research are class XI IPA 2 in 2012-2013 academic years which consists of 26 students. Those consisted of 14 women and 12 men. The instruments used were writing test and observation sheet. The study was conducted in a diagnostic test, cycle one and cycles two, each cycle was carried out in four meetings. The objective of the research was intended to know the improvement of the students’ writing ability after using Brain-Sketching Technique at the Eleventh-grade students of Senior High School of Unismuh Makassar. The findings indicated that using Brain-Sketching Technique could improve the students' ability in writing descriptive text. Before giving implementation the researcher gave the students diagnostic test and the mean score of diagnostic test was 63.90 as classification “fairly good”. Then the researcher conducted the first cycle and the second cycles, and the result showed that the students' scores in the first and second cycles improved. In the first cycle, the mean score of students was 67.22 as classification “fairly good”, meanwhile the mean score of students in the second cycle was 71.41 as classification “good. It means that the improvement of students’ writing ability from D-Test to cycle I was 5.21%, the cycle I to cycle II was 6.22%, D- test to cycle II was 11.73%. Keywords : Brain-Sketching, Technique, Descriptive, Text, Writing.