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Objective In this study, we aimed to examine the validity, reliability, and factor structure of the TCI-R in a Turkish sample. Methods Participants were 1026 (786 female, 240 male) college students at Hasan Kalyoncu University in Turkey. The study protocol was approved by the local Ethics Committee. Sociodemographic information of the participants was collected and the TCI-R, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Personality Belief Questionnaire (PBQ) were administered. All statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS version 24 for Windows. Results The internal consistency was satisfactory for all dimensions (Cronbach alpha coefficients above 0.7). The highest Cronbach alpha was found for Persistence Dimension (0.92) and the lowest Cronbach alpha was found for Novelty Seeking Dimension (0.73) and test-retest correlation coefficients for all dimensions were relatively high and statistically significant. TCI-R temperament and character scales were found significantly correlated with the BDI, the BAI, and the PBQ total scores. A principal-components analysis with Promax rotation yielded four factors with an Eigenvalue greater than one, representing 62.67% of the total variance for temperament dimension. A principal-components analysis with Promax rotation yielded three factors with an Eigenvalue greater than one, representing 56.14% of the total variance for character dimension. The addition of four new subscales to the original scale for Persistence has produced a very reliable dimension in the TCI-R with the loadings ranging from 0.82 to 0.86. Conclusions Our findings suggested that Turkish TCI-R was a valid and reliable tool with a robust factorial structure for further use in the assessing of personality psychopathology in clinical populations in Turkey.

OBJECTIVES: Empathy is an essential ability that allows us to tune into how others are feeling or thinking. Empathy makes it possible to resonate with others' positive and negative feelings alike so that we can thus feel happy when we vicariously share the joy of others and we can share the experience of suffering when we empathize with someone in pain. Empathy training not only promotes prosocial behaviour, but also augments positive affect and resilience, which in turn fosters better coping with stressful situations. The Empathy Quotient (EQ) is a self-report questionnaire that was developed to measure the cognitive, affective, and behavioural aspects of empathy. Here, we aimed to examine the validity, reliability, and factor structure of the EQ in a Turkish sample. METHODS: Participants were 436 mostly college students and civil servants (195 female, 241 male). Sociodemographic information, the Turkish version of the EQ, Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MC-SDS) 33-item full version and MC-SDS 13-item shorter versions were administered. All statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS version 23 for Windows. RESULT: EQ scores were significantly higher in female participants ((X) over bar (Female)=46.45, SDFemale=0.62) compared to the male participants ((X) over bar (Male)=43.68, SD (Male)=0.56). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the scale was 0.76, Guttman's split-half reliability coefficient was 0.61, and test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.95. A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between the Turkish EQ and MC-SDS Full version (r=0.299, p

Objective: Although most burnout research has focused on environmental job-related correlates, it is possible that personality factors also play an important role in the development of burnout. The aim of present study is to examine the relationship between personality and burnout in healthcare workers by using Cloninger's psychobiological model and Maslach's three-dimensional burnout model in a healthcare worker sample in Turkey. Methods: Our samples consisted of 66 male, 14 female and totally 80 healthcare organization workers. Sociodemographic form for all the participants was completed during the interviews. The Maslach Burnout Inventory and Turkish TCI were completed by the participants. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses that determine best predictor of independent variables were performed to examine the association between the independent and dependent variables. Results: The hierarchical regression analysis has indicated that Self-Directedness was a significant predictor of depersonalization (beta = -.347, R-2 = .233, F = 1.878, p = .013) and Self-Transcendence and Self-Directedness were significant predictors of Personal Accomplishment (beta = -.317, R-2 = .176, F = 1.319, p = .029; beta = -.328, R-2 = .176, F = 1.319, p = .022; respectively), and Empathy and Self-Forgetfulness subscales were significant predictors of Personal Accomplishment (beta = -.426, R-2 = .106, F = 1.323, p = .013; beta = -.400, R-2 = .106, F = 1.323, p = .030; respectively). Conclusions: Our findings have shown that Self-Directedness, Empathy subscale of Cooperativeness and Self-Transcendence with its Self-Forgetfulness subscale were significant predictors of personal accomplishment dimension of burnout. Our results suggested a strong association between temperament and character dimensions of personality and burnout in healthcare workers.

BACKGROUND: Comorbid mood disorders affect the prognosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) negatively. Affective temperaments are assumed to be subsyndromal symptoms and precursors of mood disorders, but its effects on OCD outcome still remain unclear. There is a body of evidence, which supports the association between circadian rhythm disturbances and mood disorders in the literature. In contrast, there is limited data concerning the effects of chronobiological differences among the patients with OCD and OCD comorbid mood disorders. The main objective of this present study was to examine the clinical effects of affective temperaments and chronotype differences in patients with OCD. METHODS: The study participants were 76 patients with OCD, who have been under treatment at least for 12 weeks, and 55 healthy controls. The participants were administered the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Auto-questionnaire, Morningness and Eveningness Questionnaire, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and Hamilton Anxiety Scale. RESULTS: OCD patients scored higher in depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious temperament scores compared to the healthy controls. There were significant differences between patients with remission and not remission in depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious temperaments. Eveningness chronotype was more frequent in OCD patients; however, the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the effects of affective temperaments and chronotype differences on the outcome of patients with OCD might provide valuable insights in developing new treatment approaches especially in treatment-resistant OCD cases.

OBJECTIVE: The Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ) is a comprehensive instrument for the assessment of weight self-stigma in obesity and has been validated in several languages. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties and validate the Turkish version of the WSSQ in a sample of severely obese patients in Turkey. METHODS: A cross-cultural adaptation of the WSSQ into Turkish was carried out, strictly according to recommended methods. The questionnaires including the Sociodemographic data form, the WSSQ, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire Emotional Eating Subscale, and Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Questionnaire were completed by 120 consecutive severely obese patients (96 female, 24 male) in the outpatient clinics of the Department of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery in a university setting in Turkey. All statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS version 23 for Windows. RESULTS: The Cronbach's a (internal reliability) for the two subscales of the WSSQ-self-devaluation and fear of enacted stigma, and for the whole questionnaire (WSSQ Total) were 0.74, 0.81, and 0.83, respectively. The self-devaluation subscale, the enacted stigma subscale and the total WSSQ have a good internal consistency. Construct validity also appeared adequate as the WSSQ correlates with other measures largely in the manner we expected. Principal component factor analyses revealed a two-factor structure with an almost identical factor structure to that reported in the original study. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy was found to be 0.81 and Barlett's test of Sphericity chi(2) was found as 457.068 (p

Objective: Borderline Personality Disorder is a psychiatric condition, which is characterized by unstable interpersonal relationships, fear of abandonment, difficulties in regulating emotions, feeling of emptiness, chronic dysphoria and depression, and impulsivity and increased risk-taking behaviors. In this study, we aimed to translate and establish psychometric properties and factorial validity of the Borderline Evaluation of Severity over Time (BEST) in a representative Turkish university students sample and obtain normative data for future epidemiological and clinical studies in Turkey. Methods: Participants were 306 (201 females, 105 males) college students at the Hasan Kalyoncu University in Gaziantep, Turkey. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hasan Kalyoncu University. Sociodemographic information of the participants was collected and Turkish version of the BEST, the Turkish version of the Borderline Personality Questionnaire (BPQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Personality Belief Questionnaire (PBQ), and State–Trait Anxiety scales were administered. All statistical analysis were performed by using SPSS version 23 for Windows. Results: The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the Thoughts and Feelings, Negative Behaviors and Positive Behaviors subscales were 0.80, 0.65, and 0.67, respectively. For the whole scale, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.75. The test–retest correlation coefficients for Thoughts and Feelings, Negative Behaviors and Positive Behaviors were 0.61, 0.50, and 0.51, respectively. A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between the Turkish BEST and BPQ (r = 0.337, p

Objective: Mumford and colleagues developed the Bradford Somatic Inventory (BSI) that examines the somatic symptoms of anxiety and depression, which has transcultural applications. The objective of the current study was to establish the psychometric properties and factorial validity of the Turkish version of the BSI-44 in a healthy Turkish population and obtain normative data. Methods: The study was conducted at the Marmara University School of Medicine with a sample of 201 healthy students (18-30 years old). In order to estimate the test-retest reliability of the Turkish BSI, 53 participants from the original sample were asked to fill in the questionnaire one month after the initial testing. Socio-demographic data of the participants were collected and the Turkish BSI, Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), Whiteley Index (WI-7), and somatization subscale of the Symptom Check List (SCL-90-R) scales were administered. All statistical analysis were performed by using SPSS version 23 for Windows. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 22.9 +/- 1.95 years; 57.7% (n = 116) of participants were female; 42.3% (n = 85) were male. BSI scores were normally distributed. The scores of the BSI were categorized as high (> 40), middle (26-40), and low (0-25); no statistically significant differences were found between males and females. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the scale was 0.90 and the test-retest correlation coefficient was found to be 0.75. A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between the Turkish BSI and the WI (r = 0.38, p

Objective: Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (J-TCI) was developed by Luby, Svrakic, McCallum, Przybeck, and Cloninger based on Cloninger's biopsychosocial model to assess temperament and character dimensions in children and adolescents. Methods: The Turkish version of J-TCI-Revised (J-TCI-R) was administered to 1129 elementary and middle-school (male/female, 546/583) students. Internal consistency reliabilities were measured by Cronbach's alpha; test-retest was assessed across one month. Results: Cronbach's alphas for the subscales of J-TCI-R ranged from 0.60 to 0.75 for temperament and character subscales, which were comparable to US and other populations. The correlations between baseline and one month after administration of J-TCI-R were highly and statistically significant (r = 0.578-0.674 for scales and 0.366-0.582 for subscales) (n = 795). Factor analysis results using Eigenvalue greater than one rule indicated three out of four factors for temperament scales and one out of two factors for character subscales which were similar to findings from the other countries. When all of the subscales were subjected to factor analysis, four out of six factors were retained. To our knowledge, this is the first study analysing psychometric properties and factorial construct of the J-TCI-R. Conclusions: The internal reliability coefficients and test-retest indicated a good stability of scores over time and the factorial structure was consistent with Cloninger's model of personality. The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the TCI is therefore supported. Publisher's Version

OBJECTIVES: In this present study, we aimed to examine the relationship between impulsivity and attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms in female patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and compare these symptoms with a healthy group. METHODS: The sample of this study was composed of randomly selected 90 female patients diagnosed with BPD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria and not receiving any medical treatment during the past six months since presented to the Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital and randomly selected 90 healthy controls who were free of any psychiatric disorders. Semi-structured sociodemographic data form, Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1), and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) were administered. RESULTS: Total BIS scores were statistically significantly correlated with total ASRS (r = .557, p

Objective: Previous studies reported that there were significant associations between Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). In this study, we aimed to examine complex relationship between childhood trauma, impulsivity, dissociative symptoms, and the impact of ADHD on this relationship in a sample of patients with BPD. Methods: Our samples consisted of 165 BPD patients (128 female, 37 male) and 165 healthy subjects (128 female, 37 male) of similar age and gender. We administered the semi-structured socio-demographic data form, Adult Self-Report Scale, Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and Dissociation Questionnaire. Results: The BPD group exhibited greater ADHD symptoms, impulsivity, childhood trauma, and dissociation compared to the healthy group. A statistically significant association was found between adult ADHD symptoms and impulsivity, childhood trauma, and dissociation scores. The logistic regression analysis indicated that gender, attentional and motor impulsiveness were the predictors of ADHD in BPD patients. Among these, gender and emotional neglect were the predictors of dissociation in BPD patients. Conclusion: Our results suggested a strong association between impulsivity, childhood trauma, dissociation, and ADHD symptoms in patients with BPD. The findings are mostly consistent with the literature. Clinicians should be aware of these symptoms among these populations to develop treatment strategies.

Savaş mağdurubireylerin kendi ülkelerinden göçüp başka ülkelere mülteci olarak yaşamayabaşlamalarının beraberinde başta ekonomik, sosyal ve psikolojik sorunlar olmaküzere çeşitli problemler getirdiği çeşitli araştırmalar ile ortaya konulmuştur.Bu çalışmanın amacı Suriye savaşından kaçıp Türkiye’nin Batman ilinde mültecikampında kalan kişilerin depresyon düzeyi, psikolojik iyi oluş, benlik saygısıve algılanan sosyal destek düzeylerini incelemek ve çeşitli sosyodemografikdeğişkenler ile karşılaştırmaktır. Çalışmaya Batman’da mülteci kampında kalan38 erkek ve 45 kadın olmak üzere 83 mülteci ve sığınmacı katılmıştır. Kişilerinsosyodemografik bilgileri kaydedilip, psikososyal değerlendirme için Psikolojikİyi Olma Ölçekleri Kısa Formu (PİOÖ-42), Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDE),Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı ölçeği (RBSÖ) ve Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal DestekÖlçeğin Gözden Geçirilmiş Formu uygulandı. Sonuçlar, regresyon analizi, bağımsızörneklem t testi, korelasyon analizi, Ki kare testi kullanılarak analizedilmiştir. Psikolojik iyi olma durumunuyordayan faktörleri bulmak için çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi uygulandı.Elde edilen sonuçlara göre psikolojik iyi olma durumunu en iyi şekildeRosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeğinin alt ölçeklerinden İnsanlara Güven Duyma,depresyon ve çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek düzeyinin yordadığıbulunmuştur (R2=0.380, F(3,72)=16,167, p, In this study, weaimed to examine the level of depression, psychological well-being, self-esteemand perceived social support level of refugeesand asylum seekers in Turkey. Thestudy sample consisted of 83 (38 male and 45 female) refugees and asylum seekers livingin a refugee camp ın Batman, Turkey. Sociodemographic information of theparticipants were collected and Psychological Well-being Scale-Short Form, BeckDepression inventory (BDI), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and MultidimensionalPerceived Social Support Scale- R were all administered. All variables werescreened for the accuracy of data entry, missing values, and homoscedasticityusing SPSS version 23 for Windows. Descriptive statistics are expressed asmeans ± standard deviations. Independent sample student t-test, Pearson’s correlationanalysis, and Chi square test were performed in statistical analysis. Multiplelinear regression analysis was used to find the best predictive factors of thepsychological well-being. According to the results, confidence in people subscaleof Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, depression and multidimensional perceivedsocial support level best predicts Psychological well-being (R2=0.380,F(3,72)=16,167, p

WOS: 000392965100004 Objective: In the present study, it was aimed to examine the clinical correlates of Night Eating Syndrome among bariatric surgery candidates and its relationship with depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. Methods: The study was conducted in a voluntary patient group (n=141) who attend to the Clinic of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery of Faculty of Medicine of Bezmialem Vakif University between June 2013 and August 2014 to have obesity surgery. The participants were asked to complete the Night Eating Questionaire, the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q), the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Eligible 111 patients who have completed all the questionnaires were included for statistical analyses. Results: The results show that 16 participants (14.4%) of the study sample got a score of 30 or over from The Night Eating Questionaire and according to proposed diagnostic criteria, 8.1% (n=9) of the study sample were identified with Night Eating Syndrome. 22.5% of the sample (n=25) had Binge Eating Disorder. Out of these participants, 43 (38.7%) scored 17 and over from Beck Depression Inventory, and 41 (% 36.9) scored 16 and over from the Beck Depression Inventory. While 8.1% (n=9) of sample group met the criteria for both Binge Eating Disorder and Night Eating Syndrome, 65.8% (n=73) met neither Binge Eating Disorder nor Night Eating Syndrome. While 16 patients (14.4%) met the criteria of Binge Eating Disorders but not met ones of Night Eating Syndrome. Moreover, 13 (11.7%) patients who did not meet the criteria for Binge Eating Disorder met the criteria of Night Eating Syndrome. Conclusion: Our results showed that Night Eating Syndrome was in mutual relationship with psychopathologies such as depression and anxiety. This relationship should be consider in the management of the Night Eating Syndrome. Recognition and proper treatment of Night Eating Syndrome is important due to its possible effect on the outcome of obesity surgery. Follow-up studies are needed to examine the effect of Night Eating Syndrome on weight loss in bariatric surgery groups.

To the Editor,Early recognition of adverse drug reactions is crucial in the medication management of psychiatric disorders. Several diagnostic assessment tools have been proposed to evaluate and ma...