5,040 results on '"Engert, A."'
Search Results
2. Association among childhood adversity and susceptibility to interference during varying salience: two studies in healthy males
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Amedick, Greta, Krylova, Marina, Mayer, Kathrin, Izyurov, Igor, Herrmann, Luisa, Martens, Louise, Kasties, Vanessa, Heller, Johanna, Li, Meng, van der Meer, Johan, Croy, Ilona, Engert, Veronika, Walter, Martin, and Colic, Lejla
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- 2024
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3. Post-hypnotic safety suggestion improves stress coping with long-lasting effects
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Schmidt, Barbara, Rohleder, Nicolas, and Engert, Veronika
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- 2024
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4. Functional neuronal circuits emerge in the absence of developmental activity
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Barabási, Dániel L., Schuhknecht, Gregor F. P., and Engert, Florian
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- 2024
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5. Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology
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Suzuki, Ken, Hatzikotoulas, Konstantinos, Southam, Lorraine, Taylor, Henry J., Yin, Xianyong, Lorenz, Kim M., Mandla, Ravi, Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia, Melloni, Giorgio E. M., Kanoni, Stavroula, Rayner, Nigel W., Bocher, Ozvan, Arruda, Ana Luiza, Sonehara, Kyuto, Namba, Shinichi, Lee, Simon S. K., Preuss, Michael H., Petty, Lauren E., Schroeder, Philip, Vanderwerff, Brett, Kals, Mart, Bragg, Fiona, Lin, Kuang, Guo, Xiuqing, Zhang, Weihua, Yao, Jie, Kim, Young Jin, Graff, Mariaelisa, Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Nano, Jana, Lamri, Amel, Nakatochi, Masahiro, Moon, Sanghoon, Scott, Robert A., Cook, James P., Lee, Jung-Jin, Pan, Ian, Taliun, Daniel, Parra, Esteban J., Chai, Jin-Fang, Bielak, Lawrence F., Tabara, Yasuharu, Hai, Yang, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Grarup, Niels, Sofer, Tamar, Wuttke, Matthias, Sarnowski, Chloé, Gieger, Christian, Nousome, Darryl, Trompet, Stella, Kwak, Soo-Heon, Long, Jirong, Sun, Meng, Tong, Lin, Chen, Wei-Min, Nongmaithem, Suraj S., Noordam, Raymond, Lim, Victor J. Y., Tam, Claudia H. T., Joo, Yoonjung Yoonie, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Raffield, Laura M., Prins, Bram Peter, Nicolas, Aude, Yanek, Lisa R., Chen, Guanjie, Brody, Jennifer A., Kabagambe, Edmond, An, Ping, Xiang, Anny H., Choi, Hyeok Sun, Cade, Brian E., Tan, Jingyi, Broadaway, K. Alaine, Williamson, Alice, Kamali, Zoha, Cui, Jinrui, Thangam, Manonanthini, Adair, Linda S., Adeyemo, Adebowale, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Anand, Sonia S., Bertoni, Alain, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Brandslund, Ivan, Buchanan, Thomas A., Burant, Charles F., Butterworth, Adam S., Canouil, Mickaël, Chan, Juliana C. N., Chang, Li-Ching, Chee, Miao-Li, Chen, Ji, Chen, Shyh-Huei, Chen, Yuan-Tsong, Chen, Zhengming, Chuang, Lee-Ming, Cushman, Mary, Danesh, John, Das, Swapan K., de Silva, H. Janaka, Dedoussis, George, Dimitrov, Latchezar, Doumatey, Ayo P., Du, Shufa, Duan, Qing, Eckardt, Kai-Uwe, Emery, Leslie S., Evans, Daniel S., Evans, Michele K., Fischer, Krista, Floyd, James S., Ford, Ian, Franco, Oscar H., Frayling, Timothy M., Freedman, Barry I., Genter, Pauline, Gerstein, Hertzel C., Giedraitis, Vilmantas, González-Villalpando, Clicerio, González-Villalpando, Maria Elena, Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Gross, Myron, Guare, Lindsay A., Hackinger, Sophie, Hakaste, Liisa, Han, Sohee, Hattersley, Andrew T., Herder, Christian, Horikoshi, Momoko, Howard, Annie-Green, Hsueh, Willa, Huang, Mengna, Huang, Wei, Hung, Yi-Jen, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Hwu, Chii-Min, Ichihara, Sahoko, Ikram, Mohammad Arfan, Ingelsson, Martin, Islam, Md. Tariqul, Isono, Masato, Jang, Hye-Mi, Jasmine, Farzana, Jiang, Guozhi, Jonas, Jost B., Jørgensen, Torben, Kamanu, Frederick K., Kandeel, Fouad R., Kasturiratne, Anuradhani, Katsuya, Tomohiro, Kaur, Varinderpal, Kawaguchi, Takahisa, Keaton, Jacob M., Kho, Abel N., Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Kibriya, Muhammad G., Kim, Duk-Hwan, Kronenberg, Florian, Kuusisto, Johanna, Läll, Kristi, Lange, Leslie A., Lee, Kyung Min, Lee, Myung-Shik, Lee, Nanette R., Leong, Aaron, Li, Liming, Li, Yun, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Ligthart, Symen, Lindgren, Cecilia M., Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching-Ti, Liu, Jianjun, Locke, Adam E., Louie, Tin, Luan, Jian’an, Luk, Andrea O., Luo, Xi, Lv, Jun, Lynch, Julie A., Lyssenko, Valeriya, Maeda, Shiro, Mamakou, Vasiliki, Mansuri, Sohail Rafik, Matsuda, Koichi, Meitinger, Thomas, Melander, Olle, Metspalu, Andres, Mo, Huan, Morris, Andrew D., Moura, Filipe A., Nadler, Jerry L., Nalls, Michael A., Nayak, Uma, Ntalla, Ioanna, Okada, Yukinori, Orozco, Lorena, Patel, Sanjay R., Patil, Snehal, Pei, Pei, Pereira, Mark A., Peters, Annette, Pirie, Fraser J., Polikowsky, Hannah G., Porneala, Bianca, Prasad, Gauri, Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J., Reiner, Alexander P., Roden, Michael, Rohde, Rebecca, Roll, Katheryn, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sandow, Kevin, Sankareswaran, Alagu, Sattar, Naveed, Schönherr, Sebastian, Shahriar, Mohammad, Shen, Botong, Shi, Jinxiu, Shin, Dong Mun, Shojima, Nobuhiro, Smith, Jennifer A., So, Wing Yee, Stančáková, Alena, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Stilp, Adrienne M., Strauch, Konstantin, Taylor, Kent D., Thorand, Barbara, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Tomlinson, Brian, Tran, Tam C., Tsai, Fuu-Jen, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tusie-Luna, Teresa, Udler, Miriam S., Valladares-Salgado, Adan, van Dam, Rob M., van Klinken, Jan B., Varma, Rohit, Wacher-Rodarte, Niels, Wheeler, Eleanor, Wickremasinghe, Ananda R., van Dijk, Ko Willems, Witte, Daniel R., Yajnik, Chittaranjan S., Yamamoto, Ken, Yamamoto, Kenichi, Yoon, Kyungheon, Yu, Canqing, Yuan, Jian-Min, Yusuf, Salim, Zawistowski, Matthew, Zhang, Liang, Zheng, Wei, Raffel, Leslie J., Igase, Michiya, Ipp, Eli, Redline, Susan, Cho, Yoon Shin, Lind, Lars, Province, Michael A., Fornage, Myriam, Hanis, Craig L., Ingelsson, Erik, Zonderman, Alan B., Psaty, Bruce M., Wang, Ya-Xing, Rotimi, Charles N., Becker, Diane M., Matsuda, Fumihiko, Liu, Yongmei, Yokota, Mitsuhiro, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Peyser, Patricia A., Pankow, James S., Engert, James C., Bonnefond, Amélie, Froguel, Philippe, Wilson, James G., Sheu, Wayne H. H., Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Hayes, M. Geoffrey, Ma, Ronald C. W., Wong, Tien-Yin, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Chandak, Giriraj R., Collins, Francis S., Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan, Paré, Guillaume, Sale, Michèle M., Ahsan, Habibul, Motala, Ayesha A., Shu, Xiao-Ou, Park, Kyong-Soo, Jukema, J. Wouter, Cruz, Miguel, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Rich, Stephen S., McKean-Cowdin, Roberta, Grallert, Harald, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Ghanbari, Mohsen, Tai, E-Shyong, Dupuis, Josee, Kato, Norihiro, Laakso, Markku, Köttgen, Anna, Koh, Woon-Puay, Bowden, Donald W., Palmer, Colin N. A., Kooner, Jaspal S., Kooperberg, Charles, Liu, Simin, North, Kari E., Saleheen, Danish, Hansen, Torben, Pedersen, Oluf, Wareham, Nicholas J., Lee, Juyoung, Kim, Bong-Jo, Millwood, Iona Y., Walters, Robin G., Stefansson, Kari, Ahlqvist, Emma, Goodarzi, Mark O., Mohlke, Karen L., Langenberg, Claudia, Haiman, Christopher A., Loos, Ruth J. F., Florez, Jose C., Rader, Daniel J., Ritchie, Marylyn D., Zöllner, Sebastian, Mägi, Reedik, Marston, Nicholas A., Ruff, Christian T., van Heel, David A., Finer, Sarah, Denny, Joshua C., Yamauchi, Toshimasa, Kadowaki, Takashi, Chambers, John C., Ng, Maggie C. Y., Sim, Xueling, Below, Jennifer E., Tsao, Philip S., Chang, Kyong-Mi, McCarthy, Mark I., Meigs, James B., Mahajan, Anubha, Spracklen, Cassandra N., Mercader, Josep M., Boehnke, Michael, Rotter, Jerome I., Vujkovic, Marijana, Voight, Benjamin F., Morris, Andrew P., and Zeggini, Eleftheria
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- 2024
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6. Dyslipidemia, inflammation, calcification, and adiposity in aortic stenosis: a genome-wide study
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Chen, Hao Yu, Dina, Christian, Small, Aeron M, Shaffer, Christian M, Levinson, Rebecca T, Helgadóttir, Anna, Capoulade, Romain, Munter, Hans Markus, Martinsson, Andreas, Cairns, Benjamin J, Trudsø, Linea C, Hoekstra, Mary, Burr, Hannah A, Marsh, Thomas W, Damrauer, Scott M, Dufresne, Line, Le Scouarnec, Solena, Messika-Zeitoun, David, Ranatunga, Dilrini K, Whitmer, Rachel A, Bonnefond, Amélie, Sveinbjornsson, Garðar, Daníelsen, Ragnar, Arnar, David O, Thorgeirsson, Gudmundur, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Gudbjartsson, Daníel F, Hólm, Hilma, Ghouse, Jonas, Olesen, Morten Salling, Christensen, Alex H, Mikkelsen, Susan, Jacobsen, Rikke Louise, Dowsett, Joseph, Pedersen, Ole Birger Vesterager, Erikstrup, Christian, Ostrowski, Sisse R, Center, Regeneron Genetics, O’Donnell, Christopher J, Budoff, Matthew J, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Post, Wendy S, Rotter, Jerome I, Lathrop, Mark, Bundgaard, Henning, Johansson, Bengt, Ljungberg, Johan, Näslund, Ulf, Le Tourneau, Thierry, Smith, J Gustav, Wells, Quinn S, Söderberg, Stefan, Stefánsson, Kári, Schott, Jean-Jacques, Rader, Daniel J, Clarke, Robert, Engert, James C, and Thanassoulis, George
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology ,Clinical Sciences ,Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease ,Prevention ,Heart Disease ,Cardiovascular ,Genetics ,Human Genome ,Atherosclerosis ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Humans ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Adiposity ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Aortic Valve Stenosis ,Obesity ,Risk Factors ,Inflammation ,Dyslipidemias ,Apolipoproteins ,Mendelian Randomization Analysis ,Polymorphism ,Single Nucleotide ,Aortic stenosis ,Genome-wide association study ,Mendelian randomization ,Phenome-wide association study ,Gene expression ,Genetic risk score ,Regeneron Genetics Center ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology ,Cardiovascular medicine and haematology ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
AimsAlthough highly heritable, the genetic etiology of calcific aortic stenosis (AS) remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to discover novel genetic contributors to AS and to integrate functional, expression, and cross-phenotype data to identify mechanisms of AS.Methods and resultsA genome-wide meta-analysis of 11.6 million variants in 10 cohorts involving 653 867 European ancestry participants (13 765 cases) was performed. Seventeen loci were associated with AS at P ≤ 5 × 10-8, of which 15 replicated in an independent cohort of 90 828 participants (7111 cases), including CELSR2-SORT1, NLRP6, and SMC2. A genetic risk score comprised of the index variants was associated with AS [odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation, 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26-1.35; P = 2.7 × 10-51] and aortic valve calcium (OR per standard deviation, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.08-1.37; P = 1.4 × 10-3), after adjustment for known risk factors. A phenome-wide association study indicated multiple associations with coronary artery disease, apolipoprotein B, and triglycerides. Mendelian randomization supported a causal role for apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein particles in AS (OR per g/L of apolipoprotein B, 3.85; 95% CI, 2.90-5.12; P = 2.1 × 10-20) and replicated previous findings of causality for lipoprotein(a) (OR per natural logarithm, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.17-1.23; P = 4.8 × 10-73) and body mass index (OR per kg/m2, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05-1.9; P = 1.9 × 10-12). Colocalization analyses using the GTEx database identified a role for differential expression of the genes LPA, SORT1, ACTR2, NOTCH4, IL6R, and FADS.ConclusionDyslipidemia, inflammation, calcification, and adiposity play important roles in the etiology of AS, implicating novel treatments and prevention strategies.
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- 2023
7. Toll-Like Receptor 3 Mediates Aortic Stenosis Through a Conserved Mechanism of Calcification.
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Gollmann-Tepeköylü, Can, Graber, Michael, Hirsch, Jakob, Mair, Sophia, Naschberger, Andreas, Pölzl, Leo, Nägele, Felix, Kirchmair, Elke, Degenhart, Gerald, Demetz, Egon, Hilbe, Richard, Chen, Hao-Yu, Engert, James, Böhm, Anna, Franz, Nadja, Lobenwein, Daniela, Lener, Daniela, Fuchs, Christiane, Weihs, Anna, Töchterle, Sonja, Vogel, Georg, Schweiger, Victor, Eder, Jonas, Pietschmann, Peter, Seifert, Markus, Kronenberg, Florian, Coassin, Stefan, Blumer, Michael, Hackl, Hubert, Meyer, Dirk, Feuchtner, Gudrun, Kirchmair, Rudolf, Troppmair, Jakob, Krane, Markus, Weiss, Günther, Thanassoulis, George, Grimm, Michael, Rupp, Bernhard, Huber, Lukas, Zhang, Shen-Ying, Casanova, Jean-Laurent, Tancevski, Ivan, Holfeld, Johannes, and Tsimikas, Sotirios
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Toll-like receptor 3 ,aortic valve disease ,biglycan ,extracellular matrix ,osteogenesis ,proteins ,Adult ,Animals ,Humans ,Mice ,Aortic Valve ,Aortic Valve Stenosis ,Biglycan ,Calcinosis ,Cells ,Cultured ,Toll-Like Receptor 3 ,Zebrafish - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is characterized by a phenotypic switch of valvular interstitial cells to bone-forming cells. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors at the interface between innate immunity and tissue repair. Type I interferons (IFNs) are not only crucial for an adequate antiviral response but also implicated in bone formation. We hypothesized that the accumulation of endogenous TLR3 ligands in the valvular leaflets may promote the generation of osteoblast-like cells through enhanced type I IFN signaling. METHODS: Human valvular interstitial cells isolated from aortic valves were challenged with mechanical strain or synthetic TLR3 agonists and analyzed for bone formation, gene expression profiles, and IFN signaling pathways. Different inhibitors were used to delineate the engaged signaling pathways. Moreover, we screened a variety of potential lipids and proteoglycans known to accumulate in CAVD lesions as potential TLR3 ligands. Ligand-receptor interactions were characterized by in silico modeling and verified through immunoprecipitation experiments. Biglycan (Bgn), Tlr3, and IFN-α/β receptor alpha chain (Ifnar1)-deficient mice and a specific zebrafish model were used to study the implication of the biglycan (BGN)-TLR3-IFN axis in both CAVD and bone formation in vivo. Two large-scale cohorts (GERA [Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging], n=55 192 with 3469 aortic stenosis cases; UK Biobank, n=257 231 with 2213 aortic stenosis cases) were examined for genetic variation at genes implicated in BGN-TLR3-IFN signaling associating with CAVD in humans. RESULTS: Here, we identify TLR3 as a central molecular regulator of calcification in valvular interstitial cells and unravel BGN as a new endogenous agonist of TLR3. Posttranslational BGN maturation by xylosyltransferase 1 (XYLT1) is required for TLR3 activation. Moreover, BGN induces the transdifferentiation of valvular interstitial cells into bone-forming osteoblasts through the TLR3-dependent induction of type I IFNs. It is intriguing that Bgn-/-, Tlr3-/-, and Ifnar1-/- mice are protected against CAVD and display impaired bone formation. Meta-analysis of 2 large-scale cohorts with >300 000 individuals reveals that genetic variation at loci relevant to the XYLT1-BGN-TLR3-interferon-α/β receptor alpha chain (IFNAR) 1 pathway is associated with CAVD in humans. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies the BGN-TLR3-IFNAR1 axis as an evolutionarily conserved pathway governing calcification of the aortic valve and reveals a potential therapeutic target to prevent CAVD.
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- 2023
8. Differential increase of hippocampal subfield volume after socio-affective mental training relates to reductions in diurnal cortisol
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Sofie Louise Valk, Veronika Engert, Lara Puhlmann, Roman Linz, Benoit Caldairou, Andrea Bernasconi, Neda Bernasconi, Boris C Bernhardt, and Tania Singer
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hippocampus ,mental training ,cortisol ,structure-function ,Medicine ,Science ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The hippocampus is a central modulator of the HPA-axis, impacting the regulation of stress on brain structure, function, and behavior. The current study assessed whether three different types of 3 months mental Training Modules geared towards nurturing (a) attention-based mindfulness, (b) socio-affective, or (c) socio-cognitive skills may impact hippocampal organization by reducing stress. We evaluated mental training-induced changes in hippocampal subfield volume and intrinsic functional connectivity, by combining longitudinal structural and resting-state fMRI connectivity analysis in 332 healthy adults. We related these changes to changes in diurnal and chronic cortisol levels. We observed increases in bilateral cornu ammonis volume (CA1-3) following the 3 months compassion-based module targeting socio-affective skills (Affect module), as compared to socio-cognitive skills (Perspective module) or a waitlist cohort with no training intervention. Structural changes were paralleled by relative increases in functional connectivity of CA1-3 when fostering socio-affective as compared to socio-cognitive skills. Furthermore, training-induced changes in CA1-3 structure and function consistently correlated with reductions in cortisol output. Notably, using a multivariate approach, we found that other subfields that did not show group-level changes also contributed to changes in cortisol levels. Overall, we provide a link between a socio-emotional behavioural intervention, changes in hippocampal subfield structure and function, and reductions in cortisol in healthy adults.
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- 2024
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9. ProcCluster® and procaine hydrochloride inhibit the replication of influenza A virus in vitro
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Clio Häring, Josefine Schroeder, Johannes Jungwirth, Bettina Löffler, Andreas Henke, Beatrice Engert, and Christina Ehrhardt
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local anesthetics ,procaine ,influenza A virus ,antivirals ,host-directed therapy ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
IntroductionTreatment of influenza A virus infections is currently limited to few direct acting antiviral substances. Repurposing other established pharmaceuticals as antivirals could aid in improving treatment options.MethodsThis study investigates the antiviral properties of ProcCluster® and procaine hydrochloride, two derivatives of the local anesthetic procaine, in influenza A virus infection of A549, Calu-3 and MDCK cells.ResultsBoth substances inhibit replication in all three of these cell lines in multi-cycle experiments. However, cell line-dependent differences in the effects of the substances on viral RNA replication and subsequent protein synthesis, as well as release of progeny viruses in single-cycle experiments can be observed. Both ProcCluster® and procaine hydrochloride delay endosome fusion of the virus early in the replication cycle, possibly due to the alkaline nature of the active component procaine. In A549 and Calu-3 cells an additional effect of the substances can be observed at late stages in the first replication cycle. Interestingly, this effect is absent in MDCK cells. We demonstrate that ProcCluster® and procaine hydrochloride inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes from A549 but not MDCK cells and confirm that specific inhibition of calcium independent PLA2 but not cytosolic PLA2 has antiviral effects.DiscussionWe show that ProcCluster® and procaine hydrochloride inhibit influenza A virus infection at several stages of the replication cycle and have potential as antiviral substances.
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- 2024
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10. Specific challenges of researching stress in the context of quiet political repression
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Ruth Marheinecke, Ann-Christin Winter, Bernhard Strauss, and Veronika Engert
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Chronic stress ,GDR ,Political repression ,Quiet or soft repression ,Study design ,Trauma ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Political repression beneath the threshold of criminal prosecution is a phenomenon of past and present, predominantly authoritarian, regimes. This so-called quiet repression includes measures such as the limitation of freedom of speech, surveillance of (perceived) political opponents, or the spreading of rumors to socially isolate targets. Such experiences of chronic stress show significant psychological and physiological health consequences in affected individuals. However, societal awareness of quiet repression measures remains limited, hindering victims' access to support and complicating healthcare interventions. In the current paper, we present the design of a study conducted with individuals who endured quiet repression measures in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR), a socialist state closely aligned with the former Soviet Union. We discuss the challenges encountered over the course of the study, and present the solutions found. Although every study population has their unique challenges and needs, we wish to inform future sensitive research within the realm of quiet political repression. Given the limited understanding of the phenomenon, there is a pressing need for further investigation aiming to improve acceptance and care for past and future victims.
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- 2024
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11. Reflections on the study of empathy in a sample of refugees and migrants from Arabic-speaking countries with diverse experiences of war-related trauma
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Christiane Wesarg-Menzel, Mathilde Gallistl, Michael Niconchuk, and Veronika Engert
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Empathy ,Compassion ,Assessment ,Study design ,Trauma ,War ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Empathic abilities are proposed to affect the trajectory from trauma exposure to psychopathology. Yet, studies addressing the role of empathy in refugees with diverse experiences of war-related trauma are lacking. This may relate to missing recommendations on aspects to consider in the planning and execution of such a study. In the present methodological paper, we hence share our experiences in designing and implementing a study on the interrelations of war-related trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, and empathy in individuals from Arabic-speaking countries who had entered Germany as refugees or migrants. In specific, we reflect on decisions related to the choice of experimental groups and measures of empathy, and describe unanticipated problems encountered during recruitment, screening and testing. Overall, we recommend applying a multi-method approach (i.e., a combination of questionnaire, behavioral and biological measures) to gain a comprehensive picture of the different facets of empathy. Further, we stress the importance to consider that not only refugees, but also migrants may have experienced war-related trauma. Beyond that, we advise to consult individuals of the study population of interest for the translation of instruments, realization of effective recruitment strategies, and to ensure that the testing procedures are sensitive to participants’ past experiences and current needs. We hope that sharing these insights will benefit researchers interested in conducting basic and intervention research aimed at improving the mental health of individuals exposed to war-related trauma.
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- 2024
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12. Association among childhood adversity and susceptibility to interference during varying salience: two studies in healthy males
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Greta Amedick, Marina Krylova, Kathrin Mayer, Igor Izyurov, Luisa Herrmann, Louise Martens, Vanessa Kasties, Johanna Heller, Meng Li, Johan van der Meer, Ilona Croy, Veronika Engert, Martin Walter, and Lejla Colic
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Adverse childhood experiences ,Attention ,Interference ,Salience ,Valence ,Hydrocortisone ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Childhood adversity, a prevalent experience, is related to a higher risk for externalizing and internalizing psychopathology. Alterations in the development of cognitive processes, for example in the attention-interference domain may link childhood adversity and psychopathology. Interfering stimuli can vary in their salience, i.e. ability to capture attentional focus, and valence. However, it is not known if interference by salience or valence is associated with self-reported adversity. In two independent study samples of healthy men (Study 1: n = 44; mean age [standard deviation (SD)] = 25.9 [3.4] years; Study 2: n = 37; 43.5 [9.7] years) we used the attention modulation task (AMT) that probed interference by two attention-modulating conditions, salience and valence separately across repeated target stimuli. The AMT measures the effects of visual distractors (pictures) on the performance of auditory discrimination tasks (target stimuli). We hypothesized that participants reporting higher levels of childhood adversity, measured with the childhood trauma questionnaire, would show sustained interference in trials with lower salience. Due to conflicting reports on the valence-modulation, we tested the valence condition in an exploratory manner. Linear mixed models revealed an interaction between reported childhood adversity and the salience condition across tone presentations in both study samples (Sample 1: p = .03; Sample 2: p = .04), while there were no effects for the valence condition across both studies. Our study suggests that higher self-reported childhood adversity is related to faster processing of target cues during high salience, but slower during low salience conditions. These results hint to the mechanisms linking childhood adversity and psychopathological symptoms in the attentional domain.
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- 2024
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13. Post-hypnotic safety suggestion improves stress coping with long-lasting effects
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Barbara Schmidt, Nicolas Rohleder, and Veronika Engert
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Hypnosis ,Suggestion ,Stress ,Anxiety ,Coping ,Long-term effect ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Effective coping with acute stress is important to promote mental health and to build stress resilience. Interventions improving stress coping usually require long training periods. In this study, we present a hypnosis-based intervention that produces long-term effects after a single hypnosis session. In that session, we established a post-hypnotic safety suggestion that participants can activate afterwards with a cue, the Jena Safety Anchor. We tested 60 participants in our study who all received the hypnosis session and a stress task. The safety group used the Jena Safety Anchor during acute stress (Trier Social Stress Test, TSST). The control group used a neutral anchor. We measured subjective stress responses via self-reports and physiological stress responses via saliva and blood samples as well as heart rate. One week later, all participants filled in an online survey to measure long-term effects of the post-hypnotic safety suggestion. We found that participants using the Jena Safety Anchor during the TSST reported significantly lower stress compared to the control group. The safety group also reported significantly fewer negative thoughts concerning their TSST performance than the control group during the stress recovery phase and 1 week later. All participants indicated that the Jena Safety Anchor still worked 1 week after its establishment. Suggestibility did not affect the efficacy of the Jena Safety Anchor. Our findings demonstrate that post-hypnotic safety suggestions improve stress coping with long-lasting effects, which makes it a promising intervention to promote mental health and establish stress resilience in just one hypnosis session.
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- 2024
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14. Testing the monitor and acceptance theory: the role of training-induced changes in monitoring- and acceptance-related capacities after attention-based, socio-emotional, or socio-cognitive mental training in reducing cortisol stress reactivity
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Bonnie O’Malley, Roman Linz, Veronika Engert, and Tania Singer
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Cortisol ,mindfulness ,monitor and acceptance theory ,stress reactivity ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions have become a popular means to reduce stress. However, the specific mechanisms driving observed stress reduction remain understudied. The Monitor and Acceptance Theory suggests that the cultivation of monitoring and acceptance skills are necessary moderators of practice-induced stress reduction. In the context of the ReSource Project, a large healthy adult sample underwent three 3-month mental training modules targeting either attentional (Presence module), socio-affective (Affect module) or socio-cognitive skills (Perspective module). In the current study, the development of a range of inter-individual differences in mindfulness-, interoception- and compassion-related traits - which mapped to either monitoring or acceptance categories - was tracked. The relationship of these training-induced changes with cortisol stress reactivity after the three distinct 3-month training modules was explored. We found that stress sensitivity was particularly modulated by a differential adaptivity of one cultivated attentional capacity - Attention regulation - which predicted higher cortisol reactivity after mere attention training (Presence) but was associated with lower stress-induced cortisol release after additional socio-affective and socio-cognitive practice (Affect and Perspective). However, this effect did not survive multiple comparisons correction, and analyses were limited by the sample size available. We conclude that our study provides preliminary support of the Monitor and Acceptance Theory, lending weight to the advantage of primary attentional increases in order to fully harness the beneficial effects of socio-affective training, ultimately leading to stress reduction. Although training-induced increases in acceptance were not directly shown to contribute to lowering cortisol stress reactivity, the data suggest an additional benefit of socio-affective and socio-cognitive training that is not directly captured within the current analyses. Our study corroborates the importance of going beyond the training of attention monitoring to foster stress resilience, and highlights that mental training relies on the co-development of several interacting processes to successfully attenuate stress. Further exploring the overarching concept of acceptance in future research may prove beneficial to the theoretical framework of MAT, and in understanding the processes by which stress reduction occurs.
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- 2024
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15. Addendum to 'Reflections on the study of empathy in a sample of refugees and migrants from Arabic-speaking countries with diverse experiences of war-related trauma' [Compr. Psychoneuroendocrinology 19C (2024) 100253]
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Christiane Wesarg-Menzel, Mathilde Gallistl, Michael Niconchuk, and Veronika Engert
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Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Published
- 2024
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16. Mapping pathways to neuronal atrophy in healthy, mid-aged adults: From chronic stress to systemic inflammation to neurodegeneration?
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Julia K. Schaefer, Veronika Engert, Sofie L. Valk, Tania Singer, and Lara M.C. Puhlmann
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Chronic stress ,Low-grade inflammation ,Hippocampal volume ,Cortical thickness ,Structural equation models ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Growing evidence implicates systemic inflammation in the loss of structural brain integrity in natural ageing and disorder development. Chronic stress and glucocorticoid exposure can potentiate inflammatory processes and may also be linked to neuronal atrophy, particularly in the hippocampus and the human neocortex. To improve understanding of emerging maladaptive interactions between stress and inflammation, this study examined evidence for glucocorticoid- and inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration in healthy mid-aged adults.N = 169 healthy adults (mean age = 39.4, 64.5% female) were sampled from the general population in the context of the ReSource Project. Stress, inflammation and neuronal atrophy were quantified using physiological indices of chronic stress (hair cortisol (HCC) and cortisone (HEC) concentration), systemic inflammation (interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)), the systemic inflammation index (SII), hippocampal volume (HCV) and cortical thickness (CT) in regions of interest. Structural equation models were used to examine evidence for pathways from stress and inflammation to neuronal atrophy. Model fit indices indicated good representation of stress, inflammation, and neurological data through the constructed models (CT model: robust RMSEA = 0.041, robust χ2 = 910.90; HCV model: robust RMSEA
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- 2024
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17. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression on Hodgkin–Reed–Sternberg cells is an EBV‐independent major determinant of microenvironment composition in classic Hodgkin lymphoma
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Berit Müller‐Meinhard, Nicole Seifert, Johanna Grund, Sarah Reinke, Fatih Yalcin, Helen Kaul, Sven Borchmann, Bastian vonTresckow, Peter Borchmann, Annette Plütschow, Julia Richter, Andreas Engert, Michael Altenbuchinger, Paul J. Bröckelmann, and Wolfram Klapper
- Subjects
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs ,RC633-647.5 - Abstract
Abstract Hodgkin–Reed–Sternberg cells (HRSCs) in classic Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) frequently lack expression of human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA‐I), considered to hamper activation of cytotoxic T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we demonstrate HLA‐I expression on HRSCs to be a strong determinant of TME composition whereas expression of HLA‐II was associated with only minor differential gene expression in the TME. In HLA‐I‐positive HL the HRSC content and expression of CCL17/TARC in HRSCs are low, independent of the presence of Epstein–Barr virus in HRSCs. Additionally, HLA‐I‐positive HL shows a high content of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. However, an increased expression of the inhibitory immune checkpoint LAG3 on CD8+ T cells in close proximity to HRSCs is observed. Suggesting interference with cytotoxic activity, we observed an absence of clonally expanded T cells in the TME. While HLA‐I‐positive HL is not associated with an unfavorable clinical course in our cohorts, they share features with the recently described H2 subtype of HL. Given the major differences in TME composition, immune checkpoint inhibitors may differ in their mechanism of action in HLA‐I‐positive compared to HLA‐I‐negative HL.
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- 2024
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18. Publisher Correction: Ghost roads and the destruction of Asia-Pacific tropical forests
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Engert, Jayden E., Campbell, Mason J., Cinner, Joshua E., Ishida, Yoko, Sloan, Sean, Supriatna, Jatna, Alamgir, Mohammed, Cislowski, Jaime, and Laurance, William F.
- Published
- 2024
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19. Reflections on the study of empathy in a sample of refugees and migrants from Arabic-speaking countries with diverse experiences of war-related trauma
- Author
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Wesarg-Menzel, Christiane, Gallistl, Mathilde, Niconchuk, Michael, and Engert, Veronika
- Published
- 2024
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20. Specific challenges of researching stress in the context of quiet political repression
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Marheinecke, Ruth, Winter, Ann-Christin, Strauss, Bernhard, and Engert, Veronika
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- 2024
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21. Functional neuronal circuits emerge in the absence of developmental activity
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Dániel L. Barabási, Gregor F. P. Schuhknecht, and Florian Engert
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract The complex neuronal circuitry of the brain develops from limited information contained in the genome. After the genetic code instructs the birth of neurons, the emergence of brain regions, and the formation of axon tracts, it is believed that temporally structured spiking activity shapes circuits for behavior. Here, we challenge the learning-dominated assumption that spiking activity is required for circuit formation by quantifying its contribution to the development of visually-guided swimming in the larval zebrafish. We found that visual experience had no effect on the emergence of the optomotor response (OMR) in dark-reared zebrafish. We then raised animals while pharmacologically silencing action potentials with the sodium channel blocker tricaine. After washout of the anesthetic, fish could swim and performed with 75–90% accuracy in the OMR paradigm. Brain-wide imaging confirmed that neuronal circuits came ‘online’ fully tuned, without requiring activity-dependent plasticity. Thus, complex sensory-guided behaviors can emerge through activity-independent developmental mechanisms.
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- 2024
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22. Organizational Capabilities for AI Implementation—Coping with Inscrutability and Data Dependency in AI
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Weber, Michael, Engert, Martin, Schaffer, Norman, Weking, Jörg, and Krcmar, Helmut
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- 2023
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23. When are Deep Networks really better than Decision Forests at small sample sizes, and how?
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Xu, Haoyin, Kinfu, Kaleab A., LeVine, Will, Panda, Sambit, Dey, Jayanta, Ainsworth, Michael, Peng, Yu-Chung, Kusmanov, Madi, Engert, Florian, White, Christopher M., Vogelstein, Joshua T., and Priebe, Carey E.
- Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition ,Statistics - Machine Learning - Abstract
Deep networks and decision forests (such as random forests and gradient boosted trees) are the leading machine learning methods for structured and tabular data, respectively. Many papers have empirically compared large numbers of classifiers on one or two different domains (e.g., on 100 different tabular data settings). However, a careful conceptual and empirical comparison of these two strategies using the most contemporary best practices has yet to be performed. Conceptually, we illustrate that both can be profitably viewed as "partition and vote" schemes. Specifically, the representation space that they both learn is a partitioning of feature space into a union of convex polytopes. For inference, each decides on the basis of votes from the activated nodes. This formulation allows for a unified basic understanding of the relationship between these methods. Empirically, we compare these two strategies on hundreds of tabular data settings, as well as several vision and auditory settings. Our focus is on datasets with at most 10,000 samples, which represent a large fraction of scientific and biomedical datasets. In general, we found forests to excel at tabular and structured data (vision and audition) with small sample sizes, whereas deep nets performed better on structured data with larger sample sizes. This suggests that further gains in both scenarios may be realized via further combining aspects of forests and networks. We will continue revising this technical report in the coming months with updated results.
- Published
- 2021
24. Mapping pathways to neuronal atrophy in healthy, mid-aged adults: From chronic stress to systemic inflammation to neurodegeneration?
- Author
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Schaefer, Julia K., Engert, Veronika, Valk, Sofie L., Singer, Tania, and Puhlmann, Lara M.C.
- Published
- 2024
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25. A multicenter feasibility study on implementing a brief mindful breathing exercise into regular university courses
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Konrad, Annika C., Engert, Veronika, Albrecht, Reyk, Dobel, Christian, Döring, Nicola, Haueisen, Jens, Klimecki, Olga, Sandbothe, Mike, and Kanske, Philipp
- Published
- 2023
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26. A Barcode-Based Phylogenetic Characterization of Phytophthora cactorum Identifies Two Cosmopolitan Lineages with Distinct Host Affinities and the First Report of Phytophthora pseudotsugae in California.
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Bourret, Tyler, Fajardo, Sebastian, Engert, Cole, and Rizzo, David
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California ,Fragaria ,Malus ,Phytophthora cactorum ,Phytophthora hedraiandra ,Phytophthora pseudotsugae ,Phytophthora ×serendipita ,Quercus ,hybrid ,phylogeny - Abstract
A collection of 30 Phytophthora cactorum and 12 P. pseudotsugae (subclade 1a) strains isolated from several recent surveys across California was phylogenetically compared to a worldwide collection of 112 conspecific strains using sequences from three barcoding loci. The surveys baited P. cactorum from soil and water across a wide variety of forested ecosystems with a geographic range of more than 1000 km. Two cosmopolitan lineages were identified within the widespread P. cactorum, one being mainly associated with strawberry production and the other more closely associated with apple orchards, oaks and ornamental trees. Two other well-sampled P. cactorum lineages, including one that dominated Californian restoration outplantings, were only found in the western United States, while a third was only found in Japan. Coastal California forest isolates of both Phytophthora species exhibited considerable diversity, suggesting both may be indigenous to the state. Many isolates with sequence accessions deposited as P. cactorum were determined to be P. hedraiandra and P. ×serendipita, with one hybrid lineage appearing relatively common across Europe and Asia. This study contains the first report of P. pseudotsugae from the state of California and one of the only reports of that species since its original description.
- Published
- 2022
27. Fly Cell Atlas: A single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of the adult fruit fly.
- Author
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Li, Hongjie, Janssens, Jasper, De Waegeneer, Maxime, Kolluru, Sai Saroja, Davie, Kristofer, Gardeux, Vincent, Saelens, Wouter, David, Fabrice PA, Brbić, Maria, Spanier, Katina, Leskovec, Jure, McLaughlin, Colleen N, Xie, Qijing, Jones, Robert C, Brueckner, Katja, Shim, Jiwon, Tattikota, Sudhir Gopal, Schnorrer, Frank, Rust, Katja, Nystul, Todd G, Carvalho-Santos, Zita, Ribeiro, Carlos, Pal, Soumitra, Mahadevaraju, Sharvani, Przytycka, Teresa M, Allen, Aaron M, Goodwin, Stephen F, Berry, Cameron W, Fuller, Margaret T, White-Cooper, Helen, Matunis, Erika L, DiNardo, Stephen, Galenza, Anthony, O'Brien, Lucy Erin, Dow, Julian AT, FCA Consortium§, Jasper, Heinrich, Oliver, Brian, Perrimon, Norbert, Deplancke, Bart, Quake, Stephen R, Luo, Liqun, Aerts, Stein, Agarwal, Devika, Ahmed-Braimah, Yasir, Arbeitman, Michelle, Ariss, Majd M, Augsburger, Jordan, Ayush, Kumar, Baker, Catherine C, Banisch, Torsten, Birker, Katja, Bodmer, Rolf, Bolival, Benjamin, Brantley, Susanna E, Brill, Julie A, Brown, Nora C, Buehner, Norene A, Cai, Xiaoyu Tracy, Cardoso-Figueiredo, Rita, Casares, Fernando, Chang, Amy, Clandinin, Thomas R, Crasta, Sheela, Desplan, Claude, Detweiler, Angela M, Dhakan, Darshan B, Donà, Erika, Engert, Stefanie, Floc'hlay, Swann, George, Nancy, González-Segarra, Amanda J, Groves, Andrew K, Gumbin, Samantha, Guo, Yanmeng, Harris, Devon E, Heifetz, Yael, Holtz, Stephen L, Horns, Felix, Hudry, Bruno, Hung, Ruei-Jiun, Jan, Yuh Nung, Jaszczak, Jacob S, Jefferis, Gregory SXE, Karkanias, Jim, Karr, Timothy L, Katheder, Nadja Sandra, Kezos, James, Kim, Anna A, Kim, Seung K, Kockel, Lutz, Konstantinides, Nikolaos, Kornberg, Thomas B, Krause, Henry M, Labott, Andrew Thomas, Laturney, Meghan, Lehmann, Ruth, Leinwand, Sarah, Li, Jiefu, and Li, Joshua Shing Shun
- Subjects
FCA Consortium§ ,Cell Nucleus ,Animals ,Drosophila melanogaster ,Drosophila Proteins ,Transcription Factors ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Sex Characteristics ,Genes ,Insect ,Databases ,Genetic ,Female ,Male ,Gene Regulatory Networks ,Single-Cell Analysis ,Transcriptome ,RNA-Seq ,Biotechnology ,Genetics ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Underpinning research ,Generic health relevance ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
For more than 100 years, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been one of the most studied model organisms. Here, we present a single-cell atlas of the adult fly, Tabula Drosophilae, that includes 580,000 nuclei from 15 individually dissected sexed tissues as well as the entire head and body, annotated to >250 distinct cell types. We provide an in-depth analysis of cell type-related gene signatures and transcription factor markers, as well as sexual dimorphism, across the whole animal. Analysis of common cell types between tissues, such as blood and muscle cells, reveals rare cell types and tissue-specific subtypes. This atlas provides a valuable resource for the Drosophila community and serves as a reference to study genetic perturbations and disease models at single-cell resolution.
- Published
- 2022
28. NucMM Dataset: 3D Neuronal Nuclei Instance Segmentation at Sub-Cubic Millimeter Scale
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Lin, Zudi, Wei, Donglai, Petkova, Mariela D., Wu, Yuelong, Ahmed, Zergham, K, Krishna Swaroop, Zou, Silin, Wendt, Nils, Boulanger-Weill, Jonathan, Wang, Xueying, Dhanyasi, Nagaraju, Arganda-Carreras, Ignacio, Engert, Florian, Lichtman, Jeff, and Pfister, Hanspeter
- Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
Segmenting 3D cell nuclei from microscopy image volumes is critical for biological and clinical analysis, enabling the study of cellular expression patterns and cell lineages. However, current datasets for neuronal nuclei usually contain volumes smaller than $10^{\text{-}3}\ mm^3$ with fewer than 500 instances per volume, unable to reveal the complexity in large brain regions and restrict the investigation of neuronal structures. In this paper, we have pushed the task forward to the sub-cubic millimeter scale and curated the NucMM dataset with two fully annotated volumes: one $0.1\ mm^3$ electron microscopy (EM) volume containing nearly the entire zebrafish brain with around 170,000 nuclei; and one $0.25\ mm^3$ micro-CT (uCT) volume containing part of a mouse visual cortex with about 7,000 nuclei. With two imaging modalities and significantly increased volume size and instance numbers, we discover a great diversity of neuronal nuclei in appearance and density, introducing new challenges to the field. We also perform a statistical analysis to illustrate those challenges quantitatively. To tackle the challenges, we propose a novel hybrid-representation learning model that combines the merits of foreground mask, contour map, and signed distance transform to produce high-quality 3D masks. The benchmark comparisons on the NucMM dataset show that our proposed method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art nuclei segmentation approaches. Code and data are available at https://connectomics-bazaar.github.io/proj/nucMM/index.html., Comment: MICCAI 2021. Fix typos and update citations
- Published
- 2021
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29. Determination of the Thermal Properties of Pre-stressed Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Concrete
- Author
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Engert, Michelle, Werkle, Kim Torben, Möhring, Hans-Christian, Behrens, Bernd-Arno, Series Editor, Grzesik, Wit, Series Editor, Ihlenfeldt, Steffen, Series Editor, Kara, Sami, Series Editor, Ong, Soh-Khim, Series Editor, Tomiyama, Tetsuo, Series Editor, and Williams, David, Series Editor
- Published
- 2023
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30. CO2 Footprint of Machine Elements Made of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Concrete Compared to Steel Components
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Werkle, Kim Torben, Engert, Michelle, Möhring, Hans-Christian, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Editorial Board Member, di Mare, Francesca, Editorial Board Member, Haddar, Mohamed, Editorial Board Member, Kwon, Young W., Editorial Board Member, Trojanowska, Justyna, Editorial Board Member, Xu, Jinyang, Editorial Board Member, Kohl, Holger, editor, Seliger, Günther, editor, and Dietrich, Franz, editor
- Published
- 2023
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31. A multicenter feasibility study on implementing a brief mindful breathing exercise into regular university courses
- Author
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Annika C. Konrad, Veronika Engert, Reyk Albrecht, Christian Dobel, Nicola Döring, Jens Haueisen, Olga Klimecki, Mike Sandbothe, and Philipp Kanske
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Practicing mindfulness is associated with stress reduction and with positive effects in the context of learning and teaching. Although effects on student populations have been studied extensively, there are few studies implementing mindfulness exercises in university courses directly. For this reason, we aimed to investigate whether the use of a brief mindfulness exercise in regular university courses, guided by the lecturers, is feasible and has immediate effects on the students’ mental states. We conducted a preregistered multicenter study with one observational arm, following an ABAB design. In total, N = 325 students from 19 different university courses were included at baseline and n = 101 students at post measurement. Students were recruited by N = 14 lecturers located in six different universities in Germany. Lecturers started their courses either by guiding a brief mindfulness exercise (intervention condition) or as they regularly would, with no such exercise (control condition). In both conditions, the mental states of students and lecturers were assessed. Over the semester, n = 1193 weekly observations from students and n = 160 observations from lecturers were collected. Intervention effects were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models. The brief mindfulness exercise, compared to no such exercise, was associated with lower stress composite scores, higher presence composite scores, higher motivation for the courses, as well as better mood in students. Effects persisted throughout a respective course session. Lecturers also reported positive effects of instructing mindfulness. Implementing a brief mindfulness exercise in regular university teaching sessions is feasible and has positive effects on both students and lecturers.
- Published
- 2023
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32. Manifestation of the Berry phase in the atomic nucleus $^{213}$Pb
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Valiente-Dobón, J. J., Gottardo, A., Benzoni, G., Gadea, A., Lunardi, S., Algora, A., de Angelis, G., Bazzacco, D., Benlliure, J., Boutachkov, P., Bracco, A., Bruce, A. M., Camera, F., Casarejos, E., Cortés, M. L., Crespi, F. C. L., Corsi, A., Domingo-Pardo, C., Doncel, M., Engert, T., Geissel, H., Gerl, J., Goel, N., Górska, M., Grebosz, J., Gregor, E., Habermann, T., Klupp, S., Kojouharov, I., Kurz, N., Lenzi, S. M., Leoni, S., Mandal, S., Menegazzo, R., Mengoni, D., Million, B., Morales, A. I., Napoli, D. R., Naqvi, F., Nociforo, C., Pfutzner, M., Pietri, S., Podolyak, Zs., Prochazka, A., Recchia, F., Regan, P. H., Rudolph, D., Sahin, E., Scha_ner, H., Sharma, A., Sitar, B., Siwal, D., Strmen, P., Szarka, I., Ur, C. A., Walker, P. M., Weick, H., Wieland, O., Wollersheim, H-J., and Van Isacker, P.
- Subjects
Nuclear Experiment ,Nuclear Theory - Abstract
The neutron-rich $^{213}$Pb isotope was produced in the fragmentation of a primary 1 GeV $A$ $^{238}$U beam, separated in FRS in mass and atomic number, and then implanted for isomer decay $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy with the RISING setup at GSI. A newly observed isomer and its measured decay properties indicate that states in $^{213}$Pb are characterized by the seniority quantum number that counts the nucleons not in pairs coupled to angular momentum $J=0$. The conservation of seniority is a consequence of the Berry phase associated with particle-hole conjugation, which becomes gauge invariant and therefore observable in semi-magic nuclei where nucleons half-fill the valence shell. The $\gamma$-ray spectroscopic observables in $^{213}$Pb are thus found to be driven by two mechanisms, particle-hole conjugation and seniority conservation, which are intertwined through the Berry phase.
- Published
- 2020
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33. Functional and pharmacological analyses of visual habituation learning in larval zebrafish
- Author
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Laurie Anne Lamiré, Martin Haesemeyer, Florian Engert, Michael Granato, and Owen Randlett
- Subjects
behaviour ,plasticity ,habituation ,Ca2+ imaging ,pharmacology ,GABA ,Medicine ,Science ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Habituation allows animals to learn to ignore persistent but inconsequential stimuli. Despite being the most basic form of learning, a consensus model on the underlying mechanisms has yet to emerge. To probe relevant mechanisms, we took advantage of a visual habituation paradigm in larval zebrafish, where larvae reduce their reactions to abrupt global dimming (a dark flash). We used Ca2+ imaging during repeated dark flashes and identified 12 functional classes of neurons that differ based on their rate of adaptation, stimulus response shape, and anatomical location. While most classes of neurons depressed their responses to repeated stimuli, we identified populations that did not adapt or that potentiated their response. These neurons were distributed across brain areas, consistent with a distributed learning process. Using a small-molecule screening approach, we confirmed that habituation manifests from multiple distinct molecular mechanisms, and we have implicated molecular pathways in habituation, including melatonin, oestrogen, and GABA signalling. However, by combining anatomical analyses and pharmacological manipulations with Ca2+ imaging, we failed to identify a simple relationship between pharmacology, altered activity patterns, and habituation behaviour. Collectively, our work indicates that habituation occurs via a complex and distributed plasticity processes that cannot be captured by a simple model. Therefore, untangling the mechanisms of habituation will likely require dedicated approaches aimed at sub-component mechanisms underlying this multidimensional learning process.
- Published
- 2023
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34. Interim PET-guided treatment for early-stage NLPHL: a subgroup analysis of the randomized GHSG HD16 and HD17 studies
- Author
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Eichenauer, Dennis A., Bühnen, Ina, Baues, Christian, Kobe, Carsten, Kaul, Helen, Greil, Richard, Moccia, Alden, Zijlstra, Joseé M., Hertenstein, Bernd, Topp, Max S., Just, Marianne, von Tresckow, Bastian, Eich, Hans-Theodor, Fuchs, Michael, Dietlein, Markus, Hartmann, Sylvia, Engert, Andreas, and Borchmann, Peter
- Published
- 2023
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35. You look stressed: A pilot study on facial action unit activity in the context of psychosocial stress
- Author
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Blasberg, Jost U., Gallistl, Mathilde, Degering, Magdalena, Baierlein, Felicitas, and Engert, Veronika
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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36. Genome-Wide Association Study Highlights APOH as a Novel Locus for Lipoprotein(a) Levels—Brief Report
- Author
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Hoekstra, Mary, Chen, Hao Yu, Rong, Jian, Dufresne, Line, Yao, Jie, Guo, Xiuqing, Tsai, Michael Y, Tsimikas, Sotirios, Post, Wendy S, Vasan, Ramachandran S, Rotter, Jerome I, Larson, Martin G, Thanassoulis, George, and Engert, James C
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology ,Clinical Sciences ,Atherosclerosis ,Human Genome ,Genetics ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Aged ,Aged ,80 and over ,Biomarkers ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Female ,Genetic Loci ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Genetic Variation ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Heart Disease Risk Factors ,Humans ,Lipoprotein(a) ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Phenotype ,Risk Assessment ,beta 2-Glycoprotein I ,atherosclerosis ,cardiovascular diseases ,genome-wide association study ,lipoprotein(a) ,risk factors ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology ,Cardiovascular medicine and haematology ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
ObjectiveLp(a) (lipoprotein[a]) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and plasma levels are primarily determined by variation at the LPA locus. We performed a genome-wide association study in the UK Biobank to determine whether additional loci influence Lp(a) levels. Approach and Results: We included 293 274 White British individuals in the discovery analysis. Approximately 93 095 623 variants were tested for association with natural log-transformed Lp(a) levels using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, genotype batch, and 20 principal components of genetic ancestry. After quality control, 131 independent variants were associated at genome-wide significance (P≤5×10-8). In addition to validating previous associations at LPA, APOE, and CETP, we identified a novel variant at the APOH locus, encoding β2GPI (beta2-glycoprotein I). The APOH variant rs8178824 was associated with increased Lp(a) levels (β [95% CI] [ln nmol/L], 0.064 [0.047-0.081]; P=2.8×10-13) and demonstrated a stronger effect after adjustment for variation at the LPA locus (β [95% CI] [ln nmol/L], 0.089 [0.076-0.10]; P=3.8×10-42). This association was replicated in a meta-analysis of 5465 European-ancestry individuals from the Framingham Offspring Study and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (β [95% CI] [ln mg/dL], 0.16 [0.044-0.28]; P=0.0071).ConclusionsIn a large-scale genome-wide association study of Lp(a) levels, we identified APOH as a novel locus for Lp(a) in individuals of European ancestry. Additional studies are needed to determine the precise role of β2GPI in influencing Lp(a) levels as well as its potential as a therapeutic target.
- Published
- 2021
37. The Engagement of Complementors and the Role of Platform Boundary Resources in e-Commerce Platform Ecosystems
- Author
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Engert, Martin, Evers, Julia, Hein, Andreas, and Krcmar, Helmut
- Published
- 2022
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38. Adult Neurogenesis of the Medial Geniculate Body: In Vitro and Molecular Genetic Analyses Reflect the Neural Stem Cell Capacity of the Rat Auditory Thalamus over Time
- Author
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Jonas Engert, Bjoern Spahn, Sabine Sommerer, Totta Ehret Kasemo, Stephan Hackenberg, Kristen Rak, and Johannes Voelker
- Subjects
auditory thalamus ,neural stem cells ,mRNA abundance ,adult neurogenesis ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) have been recently identified in the neonatal rat medial geniculate body (MGB). NSCs are characterized by three cardinal features: mitotic self-renewal, formation of progenitors, and differentiation into all neuroectodermal cell lineages. NSCs and the molecular factors affecting them are particularly interesting, as they present a potential target for treating neurologically based hearing disorders. It is unclear whether an NSC niche exists in the rat MGB up to the adult stage and which neurogenic factors are essential during maturation. The rat MGB was examined on postnatal days 8, 12, and 16, and at the adult stadium. The cardinal features of NSCs were detected in MGB cells of all age groups examined by neurosphere, passage, and differentiation assays. In addition, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction arrays were used to compare the mRNA levels of 84 genes relevant to NSCs and neurogenesis. In summary, cells of the MGB display the cardinal features of NSCs up to the adult stage with a decreasing NSC potential over time. Neurogenic factors with high importance for MGB neurogenesis were identified on the mRNA level. These findings should contribute to a better understanding of MGB neurogenesis and its regenerative capacity.
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- 2024
- Full Text
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39. Mapping Remote Roads Using Artificial Intelligence and Satellite Imagery
- Author
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Sean Sloan, Raiyan R. Talkhani, Tao Huang, Jayden Engert, and William F. Laurance
- Subjects
convolutional neural networks ,roads ,remote sensing ,road map ,tropical forests ,artificial intelligence ,Science - Abstract
Road building has long been under-mapped globally, arguably more than any other human activity threatening environmental integrity. Millions of kilometers of unmapped roads have challenged environmental governance and conservation in remote frontiers. Prior attempts to map roads at large scales have proven inefficient, incomplete, and unamenable to continuous road monitoring. Recent developments in automated road detection using artificial intelligence have been promising but have neglected the relatively irregular, sparse, rustic roadways characteristic of remote semi-natural areas. In response, we tested the accuracy of automated approaches to large-scale road mapping across remote rural and semi-forested areas of equatorial Asia-Pacific. Three machine learning models based on convolutional neural networks (UNet and two ResNet variants) were trained on road data derived from visual interpretations of freely available high-resolution satellite imagery. The models mapped roads with appreciable accuracies, with F1 scores of 72–81% and intersection over union scores of 43–58%. These results, as well as the purposeful simplicity and availability of our input data, support the possibility of concerted program of exhaustive, automated road mapping and monitoring across large, remote, tropical areas threatened by human encroachment.
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- 2024
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40. Combining CSPG4-CAR and CD20-CCR for treatment of metastatic melanoma
- Author
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Karin Teppert, Nora Winter, Vera Herbel, Caroline Brandes, Simon Lennartz, Fabian Engert, Andrew Kaiser, Thomas Schaser, and Dominik Lock
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immunotherapy ,adoptive T cell therapy ,chimeric antigen receptor ,chimeric costimulatory receptor ,melanoma ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
The prognosis for patients with metastatic melanoma is poor and treatment options are limited. Genetically-engineered T cell therapy targeting chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), however, represents a promising treatment option, especially as both primary melanoma cells as well as metastases uniformly express CSPG4. Aiming to prevent off-tumor toxicity while maintaining a high cytolytic potential, we combined a chimeric co-stimulatory receptor (CCR) and a CSPG4-directed second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) with moderate potency. CCRs are artificial receptors similar to CARs, but lacking the CD3ζ activation element. Thus, T cells expressing solely a CCR, do not induce any cytolytic activity upon target cell binding, but are capable of boosting the CAR T cell response when both CAR and CCR engage their target antigens simultaneously. Here we demonstrate that co-expression of a CCR can significantly enhance the anti-tumor response of CSPG4-CAR T cells in vitro as well as in vivo. Importantly, this boosting effect was not dependent on co-expression of both CCR- and CAR-target on the very same tumor cell, but was also achieved upon trans activation. Finally, our data support the idea of using a CCR as a powerful tool to enhance the cytolytic potential of CAR T cells, which might open a novel therapeutic window for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
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- 2023
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41. Threatened fauna protections compromised by agricultural interests in Australia
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Jayden E. Engert, Robert L. Pressey, and Vanessa M. Adams
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biodiversity conservation ,conservation planning ,habitat loss ,land clearing ,land use ,productive land ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
Abstract Australia is a global leader in land clearing and biodiversity loss. The overwhelming majority of land clearing within Australia and, globally, is driven by agricultural conversion. The importance of agricultural lands also leads to the concentration of habitat protection in landscapes that do not support productive land uses, which might contribute to species conservation in marginal habitat. Using an integrated agricultural capability map and threatened vertebrate fauna range maps, we show that observed biases in protected area location have varied impacts at the species level. Specifically, threatened vertebrate fauna with habitat capable of supporting high‐value productive lands received less protection and experienced greater habitat loss. Similarly, almost all species assessed received protection in the portions of their ranges less conducive to productive land uses. Finally, we identify regions of Australia at risk of future land clearing and the species likely to bear the brunt of the impacts. Our results demonstrate the importance of protecting land capable of supporting productive uses to conserve the most affected threatened species.
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- 2023
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42. S218: CORRELATION BETWEEN PROGRESSION-FREE AND OVERALL SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH CLASSICAL HODGKIN LYMPHOMA: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL PATIENT DATA FROM RANDOMIZED GHSG TRIALS
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Paul Bröckelmann, Horst Müller, Sarah Gillessen, Anne Sophie Jacob, Jesko Momotow, Carla Damaschin, Justin Ferdinandus, Xiaoqin Yang, Michael Fuchs, Carsten Kobe, Hans T. Eich, Andreas Engert, Peter Borchmann, and Bastian von Tresckow
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Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs ,RC633-647.5 - Published
- 2023
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43. S236: HIGH-BREADTH SEQUENCING OF CIRCULATING TUMOR DNA IDENTIFIES NOVEL CLASSIFICATION OF HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
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Jan-Michel Heger, Julia Mattlener, Laman Mammadova, Sophia Sobesky, Melita Cirillo, Janine Altmüller, Elisabeth Kirst, Sarah Reinke, Wolfram Klapper, Paul J Bröckelmann, Justin Ferdinandus, Roland T Ullrich, Max Freihammer, Sabine Awerkiew, Mia Lohmann, Florian Klein, Peter Nürnberg, Michael Hallek, Andreas Engert, Peter Borchman, Bastian von Tresckow, and Sven Borchmann
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Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs ,RC633-647.5 - Published
- 2023
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44. You look stressed: A pilot study on facial action unit activity in the context of psychosocial stress
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Jost U. Blasberg, Mathilde Gallistl, Magdalena Degering, Felicitas Baierlein, and Veronika Engert
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Psychosocial stress ,Facial activity ,Action-units ,Facial-feedback ,TSST ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Quality and quantity of the human stress response are highly individual. Not only are there differences in terms of psychological and physiological stress reactivity, but also with regard to facial muscle stress reactivity. In a first correlative pilot study to decipher the signature of stress as it presents in the physiognomy of a stressed individual, we investigated how stress-induced muscle movement activity in the face is associated with stress marker activation during a standardized laboratory stress test. Female and male participants (N = 62) completed the Trier Social Stress Test and provided multiple measurements of salivary cortisol, subjective experience, heart rate, and high-frequency heart rate variability. In addition, participants were filmed during stress induction to derive the activation of 13 individual muscles or muscle groups, also termed action units (AU). Mean AU intensity and occurrence rates were measured using the opensource software OpenDBM. We found that facial AU activity correlated with different aspects of the psychosocial stress response. Higher stress-induced cortisol release was associated with more frequent upper eyelid raiser (AU05) and upper lip raiser (AU10) occurrences, while more lip corner pulling (AU12) went along with lower cortisol reactivity. More frequent eyelid tightener (AU07) occurrences were linked to higher subjective stress reactivity but decreased heart rate and HF-HRV reactivity. Last, women showed greater stress-induced smiling intensity and occurrence rates than men. We conclude that psychosocial stress reactivity is systematically linked to facial muscle activity, with distinct facial stress profiles emerging for different stress markers. From all the AUs studied, eyelid tightening (AU07) seems to provide the strongest potential for future attempts of diagnosing phases of acute stress via facial activity.
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- 2023
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45. Sex Differences in Clopidogrel Effects Among Young Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Role for Genetics?
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Amanpreet Kaur, MSc, Rachel P. Dreyer, PhD, Thomas W. Marsh, MSc, George Thanassoulis, MD, MSc, Valeria Raparelli, MD, PhD, Gail D’Onofrio, MD, MS, James C. Engert, PhD, and Louise Pilote, MD, MPH, PhD
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Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Background: Poorer health outcomes experienced by young women with acute coronary syndrome may be related to sex differences in the safety and efficacy of antiplatelet agents, such as clopidogrel. Polymorphisms in drug metabolism enzyme (cytochrome P450 [CYP] family) genes are independent factors for the variability in response to clopidogrel. However, a sex-specific impact of genetics to explain worse clinical outcomes in women has not been explored extensively. Therefore, our objective was to determine whether an interaction of sex with CYP variants occurs among users of clopidogrel, and if so, its impact on 1-year adverse clinical outcomes. Methods: We used data from a combined cohort of 2272 patients (median age 49 years; 56% female) hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome. We examined interactions between sex and CYP variants among clopidogrel users at admission and discharge to assess associations with 1-year readmission due to cardiac events. Results: The case-only analysis of 177 participants on clopidogrel at the time of presentation showed that the risk of an atherothrombotic event was greater in female carriers of the CYP2C9∗3 loss-of-function allele (odds ratio = 3.77, 95% confidence interval = 1.54-9.24). The results of the multivariable logistic regression model for users of clopidogrel at discharge (n = 1733) indicated that women had significantly higher risk of atherothrombotic readmissions at 1 year (odds ratio = 1.55, 95% confidence interval = 1.16-2.07), compared to the risk for men, but the loss-of-function alleles, either individually or through a genetic risk score, were not associated with 1-year readmissions. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for an improved understanding of the role of sex-by-gene interactions in causing sex differences in drug metabolism. Résumé: Contexte: Les piètres résultats cliniques observés chez les jeunes femmes atteintes d’un syndrome coronarien aigu pourraient être liés à des différences entre les sexes en ce qui concerne l’innocuité et l’efficacité des antiplaquettaires, comme le clopidogrel. Le polymorphisme génétique des enzymes intervenant dans le métabolisme des médicaments (famille des cytochromes P450 [CYP]) est un facteur indépendant de la variabilité de la réponse au clopidogrel. Cependant, jamais la possibilité d’un effet génétique propre au sexe qui expliquerait les résultats cliniques défavorables chez les femmes n’a été examinée en profondeur. Notre objectif était donc de déterminer s’il se produit une interaction entre le sexe et les variants de CYP chez les personnes prenant du clopidogrel et, si tel est le cas, quels sont ses effets sur les résultats cliniques indésirables après un an. Méthodologie: Nous avons utilisé les données d’une cohorte combinée de 2 272 patients (âge médian : 49 ans; 56 % de femmes) hospitalisés en raison d’un syndrome coronarien aigu. Nous avons examiné les interactions entre le sexe et les variants du CYP chez les utilisateurs de clopidogrel au moment de leur admission à l’hôpital et de leur congé pour évaluer les liens entre ces variables et les réhospitalisations après un an en raison d’événements cardiaques. Résultats: L’analyse de cas de 177 participants prenant du clopidogrel au moment de leur admission à l’hôpital a montré que le risque d’événement athérothrombotique était plus élevé chez les femmes porteuses de l’allèle non fonctionnel CYP2C9∗3 (rapport de cotes = 3,77; intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 % = 1,54 à 9,24). Les résultats obtenus avec le modèle de régression logistique multivariée pour les utilisateurs de clopidogrel au moment du congé (n = 1 733) indiquent que les femmes présentaient un risque significativement plus élevé de réhospitalisation en raison d’un événement athérothrombotique après un an (rapport de cotes = 1,55; [IC] à 95 % = 1,16 à 2,07), comparativement aux hommes. Toutefois, les allèles non fonctionnels, considérés individuellement ou sur la base d’un score de risque génétique, n’étaient pas liés à la réhospitalisation après un an. Conclusion: Cette étude fait ressortir la nécessité de mieux comprendre le rôle de l’interaction sexe-gène dans les différences entre les sexes relativement au métabolisme des médicaments.
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- 2022
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46. Revisiting the stress recovery hypothesis: Differential associations of cortisol stress reactivity and recovery after acute psychosocial stress with markers of long-term stress and health
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Degering, Magdalena, Linz, Roman, Puhlmann, Lara M.C., Singer, Tania, and Engert, Veronika
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- 2023
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47. Alkylether derivatives of choline as cationic surfactants for the design of soluble catanionic systems at ambient conditions
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Braun, Lydia, Engelhardt, Nadine, Engert, Susanne C., Lichterfeld-Weber, Nicole, Oetter, Günter, Raths, Hans-Christian, Tropsch, Jürgen, Kunz, Werner, and Kellermeier, Matthias
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- 2023
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48. Rapid volumetric brain changes after acute psychosocial stress
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Uhlig, Marie, Reinelt, Janis D., Lauckner, Mark E., Kumral, Deniz, Schaare, H. Lina, Mildner, Toralf, Babayan, Anahit, Möller, Harald E., Engert, Veronika, Villringer, Arno, and Gaebler, Michael
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- 2023
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49. Nivolumab for relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma: 5-year survival from the pivotal phase 2 CheckMate 205 study
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Ansell, Stephen M., Bröckelmann, Paul J., von Keudell, Gottfried, Lee, Hun Ju, Santoro, Armando, Zinzani, Pier Luigi, Collins, Graham P., Cohen, Jonathon B., de Boer, Jan Paul, Kuruvilla, John, Savage, Kerry J., Trněný, Marek, Provencio, Mariano, Jäger, Ulrich, Willenbacher, Wolfgang, Wen, Rachael, Akyol, Alev, Mikita-Geoffroy, Joanna, Shipp, Margaret A., Engert, Andreas, and Armand, Philippe
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- 2023
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50. Testing the monitor and acceptance theory: the role of training-induced changes in monitoring- and acceptance-related capacities after attention-based, socio-emotional, or socio-cognitive mental training in reducing cortisol stress reactivity
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O’Malley, Bonnie, primary, Linz, Roman, additional, Engert, Veronika, additional, and Singer, Tania, additional
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- 2024
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