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I 2021 omfattede artsovervågningen i alt 34 arter af pattedyr, krybdyr og padder, karplanter og mosser samt et enkelt leddyr på Habitatdirektivets Bilag II og IV. Det omfattede bæver, 17 flagermus, markfirben, 9 padder, fire karplanter og en mosartsamt stor kærguldsmed. Alt efter art dækker indsamlingerne tidsperioden 2018-2021. Overvågningsresultaterne viste at udbredelsen af bæver er stigende. Ingen af de 17 flagermusarter viste vigende forekomst, men enkelte havde bestandstilbagegang. Markfirben har øget sin udbredelse. For de ni afrapporterede paddearter har tre arter en stabil udbredelse, to arter er i fremgang og fire arter i tilbagegang. Hos karplanterne har fruesko og gul stenbræk vist en positiv udvikling, og vandranke har en stabil udbredelse. Enkelt månerude er ikke fundet i perioden. Blank seglmos viser et varieret billede, med nogle bestande i fremgang og andre i tilbagegang. Stor kærguldsmed har vist en stigende udbredelse

Introgressive hybridization can pose a serious threat to endangered species which have an overlapping distribution such as in the case of two polecat species, Mustela eversmanii and M. putorius, in Europe. The population size of steppe polecat is known to continuously shrink, whereas its sister species, the European polecat, is still somehow widespread. In this study, we perform an analysis using microsatellite (SSR) and genomic (SNP) data sets to identify natural hybrids between polecats. Four populations were genotyped for eight polymorphic SSR loci, and thousands of unlinked SNPs were generated using a reduced‐representation sequencing approach, RADseq, to characterize the genetic make‐up of allopatric populations and to identify hybrids in the sympatric area. We applied standard population genetic analyses to characterize the populations based on their SSR allelic frequency. Only a single sample out of 48 sympatric samples showed exact intermediacy that we identified as an F1 hybrid. Additionally, one specimen was indicated in the genomic data sets as backcrossed. Other backcrosses, indicated by SSRs, were not validated by SNPs, which highlights the higher efficacy of the genomic method to identify backcrossed individuals. The low frequency of hybridization suggests that the difference in habitat preference of the two species may act as a barrier to admixture. Therefore, it is apparently unlikely that polecat populations are threatened by significant introgression. The two species showed a clear genetic differentiation using both techniques. We found higher genetic diversity values in the sympatric steppe polecat population than in the other studies on polecat populations. Although M. putorius is a hunted species in most countries, genetic diversity values indicate worse conditions in Europe than in the protected sibling species M. eversmanii. Suspending hunting and providing protected status of the former seems to be reasonable and timely.

This report provides an overview of the most important habitats for red-listed species in Denmark. The term “red-listed species” covers species assigned to one of the red-list categories Regionally Extinct (RE), Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), Vulnerable (VU), Near Threatened (NT) or Data Deficient (DD) on the Danish Red List. The Danish Red List includes the following species groups: Vascular plants, mosses, fungi, lichens, mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles, butterflies, moths, bees, hoverflies, dragonflies, grasshoppers, spiders, ground beetles, dung-beetles, long-horned beetles, leaf beetles, weevils, water beetles, mayflies, stoneflies. caddisflies, alderflies, crane flies, blackflies and fairy shrimps. In order to halt the loss of biodiversity, these red-listed species should have the highest priority in the policymaking, planning and management of Danish nature. Although not all groups of species are covered by the Danish Red List, it seems that most red-listed species have strikingly similar habitat requirements.The habitat descriptions in this report are divided into 13 habitats and six substrates: Wet forests, dry forests, nutrient-poor and dry forests, dry grassland, heaths and dunes, saltmarshes, alkaline fens and calcareous meadows, springs, wet meadows and heaths , peat bogs, large streams, clear-water lakes, ephemeral ponds, pollen and nectar, large trees, dead wood, dung, carcasses and large stones.For each habitat and substrate, the rapport includes a general definition and a list of the most important requirements for the species associated with the habitat. For each group of species we have estimated the proportion of red-listed species associated with the habitat.Marine habitats are not covered by this report, as our knowledge of endangered species in the sea is insufficient. Habitats with importance for relatively few red-listed species, are only mentioned peripherally. Generally, most red-listed species are either specialists, slow-growing or stress tolerant species, and while open landscapes (including open forests), dead wood and pollen and nectar sources are among the important elements of these species’ habitats there are significant variations in their specific requirements. Based on these findings, we suggest that future policymaking, planning and management of Danish nature takes a holistic approach and attempts to recreate the lacking natural processes that generate the habitat elements that are important for red-listed species as highlighted here. Consequently, we further propose that future strategies for management of red-listed species in Denmark are based in the knowledge presented in this report.

Denne rapport er udarbejdet på baggrund af en bestilling fra Miljøstyrelsen som en del af det faglige grundlag for Vildtforvaltningsrådets udarbejdelse af en indstilling til Miljøministeren med henblik på revision af gældende jagttider i 2022. Rapporten giver for 23 udvalgte jagtbare vildtarter en opdateret oversigt over den eksisterende viden om biologiske, bestandsmæssige, jagtlige og forvaltningsmæssige forhold, som er relevante for en faglig vurdering af den gældende jagttid. Endvidere giver rapporten en vurdering af de bestandsmæssige muligheder for en eventuel jagttid for 18 udvalgte p.t. ikke-jagtbare arter.

I denne rapport fremlægges resultaterne af overvågningen af arter i NOVANA forperioden 2012-2017. Overvågningen omfatter udvalgte plante- og dyrearteromfattet af Habitatdirektivet. Artsovervågningen i NOVANA har til formål at bidragemed konkret viden om ændringer i arternes udbredelse og bestandsstørrelse.Rapporten indgår i grundlaget for Danmarks afrapportering til EU i henhold tilHabitatdirektivet.

The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) is an omnivorous carnivore from East Asia, which has been introduced in Europe. It has recently established a free-ranging population in Denmark. The dietary habits of this non-native species were examined and compared to the diet of native badger (Meles meles) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes). The raccoon dog diet was determined from undigested remains in the stomach. The examined raccoon dogs primarily originated from road kills, hunting and culling. Individuals that were caught in baited traps were excluded from the analysis. A total of 244 free-ranging raccoon dogs were collected in 2008-2014. Only 129 of these were included in the analysis based on the cause of death. The diet of raccoon dogs comprised small mammals (56% frequency of occurrence (FO) and carcasses/unidentified materials (57% FO); invertebrates (86% FO); birds (46% FO); fruits/berries (34% FO) and amphibians (44% FO). The importance of amphibians and fruits/berries varied according to seasonal availability, peaking during spring-summer and summer-autumn, respectively. The raccoon dogs’ food niche was wider than the food niche of badgers and red fox (Levin’s standard index: 0.68, 0.37 and 0.30, respectively). Percentage food overlap between raccoon dog and badger was higher (70%) than food overlap with red fox (45%). The study suggests that birds’ eggs and nestlings is a rare food for raccoon dogs as also observed in most other European dietary studies of raccoon dogs. To determine whether the impact of raccoon dog is a threat to populations of birds, amphibians and other prey, studies on the prey populations in relation to the predation pressure of other non-native, native mammalian and avian predators are needed.

Denne rapport afrapporterer aktiviteterne i første halvår af 2012. Center for Vildtsundhed (CVS) lukkede 30. juni 2012 og står nu ved en afslutning af de mange aktiviteter, der var planlagt og som er blevet gennemført i perioden 2009-2012.I første halvår 2012 blev der modtaget i alt 235 stykker faldvildt, hvoraf 206 var pattedyr og 26 var fugle. Dyrene blev modtaget med henblik på obduktion og påvisning af sygdomme eller dødsårsag. Endvidere blev der indsamlet 45 mårhunde og 290 ræve med henblik på kortlægning af tarmparasitter. Naturstyrelsens lokale afdelinger er meget beredvillige i forhold til at indsamle materiale fra det lokale område og til at forsende større paller med faldvildt. Dette system har vist sig særdeles hensigtsmæssigt, da forsendelse af enkelte stykker faldvildt er forbundet med store udgifter som afholder mange borgere fra at indsende materiale. Naturstyrelsens lokale afdelinger er således med til at sikre et bredere udsnit af dyr fra hele landet til undersøgelse.I april 2012 blev der konstateret endnu et tilfælde af en carbofuran-forgiftet rovfugl. I dette tilfælde en kongeørn.Den webbaserede indsamling af data om rådyrs sundhed er steget med 19%. På baggrund af disse data er der ikke noget, som tyder på en ændring i forekomsten af diarré hos rådyr. Brugen af den webbaserede indberetning har dog vist, at metoden har et stort potentiale, men at det er meget svært at få antallet af indrapporteringer op på et statistisk brugbart niveau. Det har yderligere vist sig, at et større kendskab til mulighederne er det, der får borgere til at gå aktivt ind i arbejdet med at taste informationerne ind.I 2012 har CVS afsluttet undersøgelserne af parasitter hos danske ederfugle. Forekomsten af parasitter udviser såvel køns- som sæsonvariation. Undersøgelsen giver et solidt grundlag for vurderingen af parasitbelastningen hos raske ederfugle. Redemateriale til undersøgelse af Pasteurella multocida, der forårsager udbrud af fjerkrækolera, fortsættes i et specialestudie af de dyrkbare bakterier.Med henblik på kortlægning af rævens dværgbændelorm (Echinococcus multilocularis) hos mårhund og ræv blev der indsamlet 22 mårhunde samt 290 hele ræve. DTU Veterinærinstituttet fandt i marts 2012 rævens dværgbændelorm i en sønderjysk ræv. Ræven, der havde ca. 20 orm i tarmen, blev skudt ved Højer og er blevet indsamlet af CVS i samarbejde med Naturstyrelsen. Rævens dværgbændelorm er ikke fundet i Danmark siden 2000, og det er første gang bændelormen er påvist i jyske ræve.Echinococcus multilocularis kan smitte til mennesker, hvor de i larvestadiet angriber leveren, hvilket kan have fatale følger, så det er vigtigt, at folk er opmærksomme på risikoen og tager deres forbehold. Mennesker smittes gennem kontakt med afføring fra smittede dyr, f.eks. ræve og hunde, så det er afgørende at have god hygiejne - både i håndteringen af dyr, og hvis man arbejder med jord eller spiser grønt, frugt og bær, der kan have været i berøring med afføring fra dyrene. Rovdyr herunder ræve, mårhunde og hunde bliver smittet ved at spise mus eller andre gnavere, hvor larvestadiet af bændelormen findes som cyster i leveren. De kan ligeledes bære på æg i pelsen, hvis de f.eks. har rullet sig i afføring fra smittede dyr.Det kan konkluderes, at overvågning af sundhedstilstanden i vilde dyr er af vital betydning for at kunne spore ændringer i sygdomsforekomster og sammensætning af bakterier.Offentlighedens store interesse for den vilde faunas tilstand afspejler sig gennem den fortsatte brede indsendelse af faldvildt fra hele landet samt spredningen over talrige fugle- og pattedyrarter. Dette er vigtigt for at fastholde kendskabet til årsagen bag fund af syge/døde dyr, ligesom telefoniske og mail-indberetninger bidrager til viden om visse sygdommes udbredelse.

The otter Lutra lutra suffered serious declines in Denmark during the 1960s and 1970s. A series of conservation and management projects were initiated to protect the remnant population, including national surveys and collection of otter carcasses. The recovery of the otter in Denmark since the 1980s was described by four national field surveys in 1984-86, 1991, 1996 and 2004 following the standard otter survey method, and by the geographical distribution of otter carcasses collected in 5-year periods prior to the field surveys. The surveys document a substantial increase in distribution range during the past 20 years. The number of collected carcasses increased annually by 9.1 ± 0.7% (mean ± S.E.) between 1980-2003. The spatial distribution of carcasses collected in the 5-year period prior to field surveys was correlated with regional site occupancy in field surveys. The implemented management practices are presented and discussed. We conclude that the standard otter survey method is a reliable method to monitor otter distribution range in Danish habitats, and that compiling records of otter casualties is a suitable methods to monitor long-term population trends.

We analyzed anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) in birds of prey, owls and small mustelids to assess exposure rates and levels in Denmark. ARs were detected in 84-97% of individuals in all species. High AR prevalences and concentrations were recorded in all seasons in both birds and mammals. Prevalence of ARs was considerably higher than reported elsewhere with similar exposure scenarios. Further research on the potential effects of these high AR exposure levels on population levels of non-target species is warranted.

The Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University was commissioned by the Danish Nature Agency to undertake a bat and bird monitoring programme of a national test centre for wind turbines near Østerild in Thy, Denmark. Here we present the results from the first year of the post-construction studies.Bats were recorded in August, September and October 2013. A total of nine species were recorded. Species composition and occurrence were comparable to the results during summer and autumn 2011. Bats were recorded on 67-85% of survey nights at turbine sites and on every survey night at all ponds and lakes. High activities were recorded throughout the monitoring period at ponds and lakes. Overall, the bat activity level was higher in 2013 than in 2011 at ponds and lakes. Bat activity was higher near the wind turbines than at nearby forest edges. These differences suggest that bats exploit the food resources that accumulate on the turbine towers some nights.Whooper swan, taiga bean goose, pink-footed goose, common crane, light-bellied brent goose, white-tailed eagle and nightjar were included as focal species in the ornithological investigations. In addition, species specific data on all bird species occurring regularly in the study area were collected. On the basis of an intermediate assessment of collision risk, the potential impacts of the combined structures on the bird species occurring in the study area were considered unlikely to be significant. However, given the uncertainties in the assessment, the post-construction programme will continue to investigate potential impacts on bats and birds. The Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University was commissioned by the Danish Nature Agency to undertake a bat and bird monitoring programme of a national test centre for wind turbines near Østerild in Thy, Denmark. Here we present the results from the first year of the post-construction studies. Bats were recorded in August, September and October 2013. A total of nine species were recorded. Species composition and occurrence were comparable to the results during summer and autumn 2011. Bats were recorded on 67-85% of survey nights at turbine sites and on every survey night at all ponds and lakes. High activities were recorded throughout the monitoring period at ponds and lakes. Overall, the bat activity level was higher in 2013 than in 2011 at ponds and lakes. Bat activity was higher near the wind turbines than at nearby forest edges. These differences suggest that bats exploit the food resources that accumulate on the turbine towers some nights. Whooper swan, taiga bean goose, pink-footed goose, common crane, light-bellied brent goose, white-tailed eagle and nightjar were included as focal species in the ornithological investigations. In addition, species specific data on all bird species occurring regularly in the study area were collected. On the basis of an intermediate assessment of collision risk, the potential impacts of the combined structures on the bird species occurring in the study area were considered unlikely to be significant. However, given the uncertainties in the assessment, the post-construction programme will continue to investigate potential impacts on bats and birds.

The Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University was commissioned by the DanishNature Agency to undertake a bird monitoring programme of a national testcentre for wind turbines near Østerild in Thy, Denmark. Here we present the results from the first year of the post-construction studies. Whooper swan, taiga bean goose, pink-footed goose, common crane, light-bellied brent goose, white-tailed eagle and nightjar were included as focal species in the ornithological investigations. In addition, species specific data on all bird species occurring regularly in the study area were collected. On the basis of an intermediate assessment of collision risk, the potential impacts of the combined structures on the bird species occurring in the study area were considered unlikely to be significant. However, given the uncertainties in the assessment, the post-construction programme will continue to investigate potential impacts on bats and birds.

The Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University was commissioned by the Danish Nature Agency to undertake a bat and bird monitoring programme prior to the construction of a national test centre for wind turbines near Østerild in Thy, Denmark. The occurrence and activity level of bats in Østerild Plantation and the vicinity were monitored in summer and autumn 2011. Bats were recorded on 57-100% of surveyed nights at individual wind turbine sites, ponds and lakes. A total of seven species were recorded. Pond bats were recorded at all sites and throughout the survey period in the plantation. Whooper swan, taiga bean goose, pink-footed goose and common crane were included as focal species in the ornithological investigations. In addition, species specific data on all bird species occurring regularly in the study area were collected. On the basis of a preliminary assessment of collision risk, the potential impacts of the combined structures on the bird species occurring in the study area were considered unlikely to be significant. However, given the uncertainties in the preliminary assessment, the post-construction programme will further investigate potential impacts on bats and birds.