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This study aimed to evaluate the forage mass and nutritional value (NV) of Guinea Massai grass (Megathyrsus maximus × Megathyrsus infestum) in an open pasture (OP) or the silvopastoral system (SPS) at different stages of development (SDs). The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replications. The treatments were distributed in a factorial scheme 2 × 4, corresponding to types of systems (OP and SPS) and four SD (vegetative stage—S1, pre-flowering—S2, full flowering—S3 and maturity after flowering—S4). There was no interaction of the system × stage of plant development in any of the variables evaluated. The production of forage mass and Guinea Massai grass morphological components did not differ (p > 0.05) between SPS and OP. However, they differed between the SDs (p ≤ 0.05), with an increasing linear effect for forage mass, percentage of the stem, and dead material, and decreasing for leaf percentage and leaf: stem ratio. Only protein content differed (p < 0.05) among the chemical composition variables between culture systems. The shading caused by the SPS did not decrease the forage mass, NV, and in vitro dry matter digestibility of Guinea Massai grass compared to the system in OP. The advance of the SD of Guinea Massai grass increases the forage mass, with higher proportions of morphological components of low NV, such as stem and dead material. Silvopastoral system of Guinea Massai grass and eucalyptus is effective to prolongate the grazing season, with a greater amount of green leaves in the sward and better NV, without compromising herbage mass production in the forage growing season.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a prevalência de comprometimento cognitivo e analisar sua associação com o controle da pressão arterial em idosos hipertensos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 383 idosos hipertensos no estado do Piauí, Brasil. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, clínicos, realizada aferição da pressão arterial e avaliação da função cognitiva utilizando o teste Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Utilizou-se regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. A prevalência de comprometimento cognitivo foi de 74,4%, sendo maior na faixa etária entre 80 anos ou mais de idade e naqueles com menor escolaridade. A prevalência de pressão arterial não controlada foi de 61,6%, com maior proporção entre os idosos com comprometimento cognitivo. Observou-se associação entre o comprometimento cognitivo e pressão arterial não controlada (RPAjustada: 3,98; IC95% = 2,51-6,33). A associação significativa entre função cognitiva e controle pressórico sugere que comprometimento cognitivo é um importante fator de risco para pressão arterial não controlada em pessoas idosas. A inclusão de medidas de rastreamento para possíveis déficits cognitivos podem ser úteis para melhor monitoramento da elevação dos níveis pressóricos entre idosos hipertensos. Abstract This article aims to estimate the prevalence of cognitive impairment and analyze its association with blood pressure control in elderly hypertensive individuals. Cross-sectional study of 383 elderly hypertensive individuals in the state of Piauí, Brazil. The authors collected sociodemographic and clinical data, performed blood pressure measurement, and assessed cognitive function using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Poisson regression with robust variance was used. Overall prevalence of cognitive impairment was 74.4%, higher in the age group 80 years and over and among older persons with less schooling. Prevalence of uncontrolled blood pressure was 61.6%, with a higher proportion in the elderly with cognitive impairment. An association was observed between cognitive impairment and uncontrolled blood pressure (aPR: 3.98; 95%CI = 2.51-6.33). The significant association between cognitive function and blood pressure control suggest that cognitive impairment is an important risk factor for uncontrolled blood pressure in older persons. The inclusion of screening measures for possible cognitive deficits may be useful for better monitoring blood pressure levels among elderly hypertensive individuals.

Given the economic importance of the dairy industry, product quality should be a constant concern. Some sensorial and technological properties of milk and dairy products are related to the spoilage contaminant microbiota, which is mainly represented by psychrotrophic proteolytic bacteria producing thermoresistant enzymes. Fresh artisanal cheeses are generally produced with raw milk, so it is of great importance to know the microbiota of these products. Therefore, the objective of this work was to count and isolate the psychrotrophic proteolytic bacteria and to evaluate the spoilage potential of these microorganisms isolated from fresh cheeses handcrafted and commercialized in Salinas, MG, Brazil. After the isolation of psychrotrophic proteolytic bacteria present in fresh cheese, the isolates were characterized in terms of Gram staining, shape, and oxidase activity. The proteolytic activity of the isolates was confirmed by a spot halo test using specific agar. The results highlighted the predominance of Gram-positive psychrotrophic proteolytic bacteria when the spoilage microbiota of the fresh cheese samples was evaluated. Considering the proteolytic potential, 34% of the isolates were considered highly proteolytic. The results showed that the initial contamination of fresh cheeses may interfere with the microbiological quality of these products. Devido a importância econômica da indústria de laticínios, a qualidade dos derivados lácteos deve ser uma preocupação constante. Algumas propriedades sensoriais e tecnológicas do leite e derivados estão relacionadas à microbiota deterioradora contaminante, representada, principalmente, por bactérias psicrotróficas proteolíticas que produzem enzimas termoresistentes. Os queijos frescos produzidos artesanalmente são geralmente fabricados com leite cru, por isso, é de grande importância conhecer a microbiota desses produtos. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi enumerar e isolar as bactérias psicrotróficas proteolíticas além de avaliar o potencial deteriorador desses microrganismos isolados de queijos frescos artesanais comercializados em Salinas, MG, Brasil. Após o isolamento das bactérias psicrotróficas proteolíticas presentes no queijo fresco, os isolados foram caracterizados em termos de coloração de Gram, forma e atividade de oxidase. A atividade proteolítica dos isolados foi confirmada pela formação de halo de hidrólise em meio de cultura específico. Os resultados destacaram a predominância de bactérias proteolíticas psicrotróficas Gram-positivas quando foi avaliada a microbiota deterioradora das amostras de queijo fresco. Considerando o potencial proteolítico, 34% dos isolados foram classificados como altamente proteolíticos. Os resultados mostraram que a contaminação inicial de queijos frescos pode interferir na qualidade microbiológica destes produtos.

A exploração excessiva dos recursos naturais vem causando um impacto significativo no meio ambiente, um exemplo é a extração de produtos de origem vegetal. O extrativismo no Brasil é seriamente discutido com relação às espécies nativas e com risco de extinção, tais considerações são de extrema importância para salientar a necessidade da preservação da flora e do meio ambiente. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo rever na literatura as pesquisas de extrativismo em relação à flora de briófitas. Foi elaborada uma rede bibliométrica com relação às publicações da base SCOPUS sobre os assuntos mais tratados nos estudos com briófitas nos últimos 10 anos. Incluímos também no estudo uma tabela com o registro de 20 espécies de briófitas mais propensas a sofrerem com o extrativismo, de acordo com as informações disponíveis na literatura e com suporte de estudos taxonômicos para identificação.

Salvia circinata Cav., Lamiaceae, is commonly used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal ailments, including diarrhea. An acetone-soluble extract from the aerial parts of S. circinata was suspended in a 9:1 methanol–water mixture and fractionated by partition with hexane and EtOAc. The hexane, EtOAc, and aqueous fractions were evaluated for their antiprotozoal activities, where the EtOAc-soluble fraction displayed the best antiprotozoal activity. Resolution of this fraction by chromatographic methods afforded the known diterpenoids amarissinins A–C (1–3), teotihuacanin (4), and amarisolide F (5), along with two flavones, apigenin (6) and 5,6-dihydroxy-7,3′,4′-trimethoxy flavone (7). Compound 7 was the most active one, with IC50 values of 0.05 μM and 0.13 μM against Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia, respectively. Interestingly, it was even more active than metronidazole and emetine, used as positive controls. Compounds 1–6 showed moderate antiprotozoal activity with IC50 values ranging from 23.9 to 67.8 μM against Entamoeba histolytica, and 39.4 to 127 μM against Giardia lamblia. These results provide evidence-based support for the traditional use of S. circinata, and suggest that the 5,6-dihydroxy-7,3′,4′-trimethoxy flavone (7) may have an important role in the antidiarrheal activity of the plant.

Annona muricata L., Annonaceae, is extensively used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes mellitus, and as antitumor. The ethanol extract of the leaves from A. muricata was suspended in 10% ethanol water and fractionated by organic solvent extraction with chloroform. The chloroform and aqueous residual fractions were tested for antiprotozoal, antipropulsive, antihyperglycemic, and antilymphoma activities, as well as brine shrimp lethality. While for the antiprotozoal, antilymphoma, and antihiperglycemic activities as well as brine shrimp lethality the chloroform fraction was the most active, the aqueous residual fraction provided better result for the antipropulsive activity. The aqueous residual and chloroform fractions were purified by chromatographic methods to give rutin, nicotinflorin, narcissin, and cis-reticulatacin, as well as β-sitosterol.

The antihyperglycemic activity of ethanolic extract from

Incomptines A (

Annona muricata (Am) is a plant used in traditional Mexican medicine to treat cancer. In this study, ethanol extracts of Am collected in Acapulco and Tecpan from Guerrero state were evaluated orally on Balb/c mice inoculated with 4T1 cells, for cytotoxic activity (CA) on 4T1 cells, in brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA), and for acute oral toxicity in mice. In addition, ethanol extracts were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection. Results showed that the extracts collected in December in Acapulco (AcDe) and Tecpan (TeDe) exhibited the most significant antitumor and cytotoxic activity. In the BSLA, the most important effect was observed in the extracts from Acapulco and Tecpan collected in June (AcJu) and August (TeAg), respectively. The samples from Acapulco (AcJu, and AcAg) and Tecpan (TeJu and TeAg) showed the highest toxicity. The analysis of the extracts, AcDe and TeDe, by HPLC revealed that flavonoids, rutin, narcissin, and nicotinflorin were the major components. These findings suggest that extracts from Am collected in Acapulco and Tecpan in the month of December may be an important source to obtain flavonoid glycosides with anticancer potential specifically against breast cancer. This also supports the use of Am to treat cancer in Mexican traditional medicine.

Sesquiterpene lactones are of pharmaceutical interest due their cytotoxic and antitumor properties, which are commonly found within plants of several genera from the Asteraceae family such as the Decachaeta genus. From Decachaeta incompta four heliangolide, namely incomptines A-D have been isolated. In this study, cytotoxic properties of incomptine A (IA) were evaluated on four lymphoma cancer cell lines: U-937, Farage, SU-DHL-2, and REC-1. The type of cell death induced by IA and its effects on U-937 cells were analyzed based on its capability to induce apoptosis and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) through flow cytometry with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, dual annexin V/DAPI staining, and dichlorofluorescein 2′,7′-diacetate, respectively. A differential protein expression analysis study was carried out by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) through UPLC-MS/MS. Results reveal that IA exhibited cytotoxic activity against the cell line U-937 (CC50 of 0.12 ± 0.02 μM) and the incubation of these cells in presence of IA significantly increased apoptotic population and intracellular ROS levels. In the proteomic approach 1548 proteins were differentially expressed, out of which 587 exhibited a fold-change ≥ 1.5 and 961 a fold-change ≤ 0.67. Most of these differentially regulated proteins are involved in apoptosis, oxidative stress, glycolytic metabolism, or cytoskeleton structuration.

Excessive exploitation of natural resources has had a significant impact on the environment, one example being the extraction of products of plant origin. Extractivism in Brazil is seriously discussed in relation to native species and at risk of extinction, such considerations are extremely important to highlight the need to preserve the flora and the environment. Therefore, this study aimed to review in the literature the research on extractivism in relation to the flora of bryophytes. A bibliometric network was created with respect to the publications of the SCOPUS database on the most discussed subjects in studies with bryophytes in the last 10 years. We also included a table with the record of 20 species of bryophytes that suffer with extractivism, according to the information available in the literature and supported by taxonomic studies for identification. La explotación excesiva de los recursos naturales ha tenido un impacto significativo en el medio ambiente, siendo un ejemplo la extracción de productos de origen vegetal. El extractivismo en Brasil se discute seriamente en relación a las especies nativas y en riesgo de extinción, tales consideraciones son de suma importancia para resaltar la necesidad de preservar la flora y el medio ambiente. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo revisar la literatura la investigación de extractivismo en relación con la flora de briofitas. Se creó una red bibliométrica con respecto a las publicaciones de la base de datos SCOPUS sobre los temas más discutidos en estudios con briofitas en los últimos 10 años. También incluimos una tabla con el registro de 20 especies de briófitas más afectadas por el extractivismo, de acuerdo con la información disponible en la literatura y sustentado en estudios taxonómicos para su identificación. A exploração excessiva dos recursos naturais vem causando um impacto significativo no meio ambiente, um exemplo é a extração de produtos de origem vegetal. O extrativismo no Brasil é seriamente discutido com relação às espécies nativas e com risco de extinção, tais considerações são de extrema importância para salientar a necessidade da preservação da flora e do meio ambiente. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo rever na literatura as pesquisas de extrativismo em relação à flora de briófitas. Foi elaborada uma rede bibliométrica com relação às publicações da base SCOPUS sobre os assuntos mais tratados nos estudos com briófitas nos últimos 10 anos. Incluímos também no estudo uma tabela com o registro de 20 espécies de briófitas mais propensas a sofrerem com o extrativismo, de acordo com as informações disponíveis na literatura e com suporte de estudos taxonômicos para identificação.

8 p.-3 fig.-1 tab., Infectious diseases caused by intestinal protozoan, such as Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) and Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) are a worldwide public health issue. They affect more than 70 million people every year. They colonize intestines causing primarily diarrhea; nevertheless, these infections can lead to more serious complications. The treatment of choice, metronidazole, is in doubt due to adverse effects and resistance. Therefore, there is a need for new compounds against these parasites. In this work, a structure-based virtual screening of FDA-approved drugs was performed to identify compounds with antiprotozoal activity. The glycolytic enzyme triosephosphate isomerase, present in both E. histolytica and G. lamblia, was used as the drug target. The compounds with the best average docking score on both structures were selected for the in vitro evaluation. Three compounds, chlorhexidine, tolcapone, and imatinib, were capable of inhibit growth on G. lamblia trophozoites (0.05–4.935 μg/mL), while folic acid showed activity against E. histolytica (0.186 μg/mL) and G. lamblia (5.342 μg/mL)., This research was funded by the Secretaria de Investigación y Posgrado del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, grant number 20210050.

Infectious diseases caused by intestinal protozoan, such as Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) and Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) are a worldwide public health issue. They affect more than 70 million people every year. They colonize intestines causing primarily diarrhea; nevertheless, these infections can lead to more serious complications. The treatment of choice, metronidazole, is in doubt due to adverse effects and resistance. Therefore, there is a need for new compounds against these parasites. In this work, a structure-based virtual screening of FDA-approved drugs was performed to identify compounds with antiprotozoal activity. The glycolytic enzyme triosephosphate isomerase, present in both E. histolytica and G. lamblia, was used as the drug target. The compounds with the best average docking score on both structures were selected for the in vitro evaluation. Three compounds, chlorhexidine, tolcapone, and imatinib, were capable of inhibit growth on G. lamblia trophozoites (0.05–4.935 μg/mL), while folic acid showed activity against E. histolytica (0.186 μg/mL) and G. lamblia (5.342 μg/mL).

Biofilmes multiespécies formados em equipamentos na indústria do leite resultam em diversos problemas na qualidade dos produtos, para a saúde dos consumidores, além de prejuízos financeiros. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a influência dos fatores como temperatura e nutrientes na estrutura e composição química do biofilme multiespéciess bacteriano utilizando técnicas microscópicas e espectroscopia vibracional. Buttiauxella agrestis, Rahnella inusitata, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactococcus laudensis e Lactococcus garviae, isolados de biofilmes formados na presença de leite cru a 7 °C, foram avaliados quanto a capacidade de formação de biofilme em microplacas de poliestireno contendo leite em pó reconstituído (LDR) a 1% e 10% como meio de cultivo, às temperaturas de 7 °C e 25 °C. Os melhores formadores de biofilmes individuais e multiespécies nas condições avaliadas foram P. fluorescens e S. aureus e estas espécies foram selecionadas para a continuidade dos estudos. Biofilmes em cultura pura ou em co-cultivo de P. fluorescens e S. aureus foram formados a 7 °C em superfície de aço inoxidável por 10 dias. O meio de cultivo e inóculo foram trocados a cada dois dias e foram feitas análises de quantificação de células aderidas, observação em microscópio de epifluorescência e de varredura e, a composição do biofilme foi avaliada pela técnica de espectroscopia Raman. O crescimento das bactérias em co-cultivo não afetou o número de células no biofilme formado em aço inoxidável quando comparado com o biofilme individual. Nos biofilmes formados por P. fluorescens na presença de LDR 1% foi constatado maior número de células sésseis (P > 0,05) quando comparado ao LDR 10% no 6° dia de incubação. As imagens obtidas na microscopia de epifluorescência e de varredura corroboram os resultados da quantificação do número de células, com a população de P. fluorescens superior à de S. aureus em biofilmes simples e em co-cultivo. A partir da espectroscopia Raman foi possível observar a homogeneidade dos biofilmes e que todos os biofilmes formados eram compostos por carboidratos, proteínas, lipídeos e DNA. No entanto, as intensidades dos picos Raman de cada componente variaram de acordo com a espécie e a concentração de LDR utilizada. Pode-se concluir que na temperatura de 7 °C P. fluorescens formam biofilme individualmente ou multiespécie na superfície de aço inoxidável na presença de resíduos de leite, o que constitui um problema para a indústria laticinista. O conhecimento obtido sobre a composição do biofilme desses microrganismos contribuirá para a busca de métodos para evitar a formação dos biofilmes bem como para a sua remoção. Palavras-chave: Multiespécies. Resíduos de leite. Raman. Multispecies biofilm formed in the dairy industry's equipment result in several problems in the quality of products, financial losses, and health risks. The present work's objective was to evaluate the influence of factors such as temperature and nutrients on the structure and chemical composition of the bacterial multispecies biofilm using microscopic techniques and vibrational spectroscopy. Buttiauxella agrestis, Rahnella inusitata, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactococcus laudensis, and Lactococcus garviae isolated from biofilm formed in the presence of raw milk at 7 °C were evaluated for biofilm formation capacity in polystyrene microplates containing 1% and 10% reconstituted whole milk (RWM) at 7 °C and 25 °C. The best individual and multispecies biofilm makers in the evaluated conditions were P. fluorescens and S. aureus, and these species were selected for further studies. Biofilms in pure culture or co-culture were formed at 7 °C on a stainless steel surface for 10 days. The culture medium and inoculum were changed every two days, and analyzes were performed to quantify adhered cells. Observation of under an epifluorescence and scanning microscope was done to evaluate biofilm formation and structure, and Raman's spectroscopy technique evaluated the biofilm composition. The growth of bacteria in co-cultivation did not affect the number of cells of both species in the biofilm formed in stainless steel. In biofilms formed in the presence of 1% RWM, a greater number of sessile cells was found (P > 0.05) when compared to the 10% RWM on the 6th day of incubation. The images obtained in the epifluorescence and scanning microscopy corroborate the quantification results of the number of cells. The population of P. fluorescens was greater than that of S. aureus in single and multispecies biofilms. Raman spectroscopy allowed observing the homogeneity of biofilms and that all biofilms formed were composed of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and DNA. However, the Raman peaks' intensities varied according to the species and substrate. It can be concluded that at a temperature of 7 °C, P. fluorescens form biofilms individually or multispecies on the stainless steel surface in milk residues, which shows a problem for the dairy industry. With the knowledge obtained about the biofilm composition of these microorganisms, it is essential to seek methods to prevent the formation of biofilms and their removal. Keywords: Multiespécies. Waste of milk. Raman.

Introdução: O Rio Pouca Saúde como é popularmente conhecido e está localizado próximo a Hospital, Indústrias, palafitas e Terminais no Porto de Santos/SP e classificase como gamboa. Objetivo: Realizar o controle toxicológico do rio com utilização de bioensaios durante o verão e inverno. Material e métodos: Foram coletadas amostras de águas superficiais das margens do rio em dos dois pontos, durante o verão e o inverno: ponto 1 (comunidade ribeirinha) e ponto 2 (atividades industriais), esses resultados foram comparados com o controle com água potável. Foi escolhido o bioindicador Allium cepa tipo pirulito (Cebolas) padronizadas, feitas em triplicatas e imersas diretamente em controle e amostras sem diluição, por 72h. Posteriormente foi realizada a análise macroscópica das raízes. No teste genotoxico foi contado 400 células e calculado o índice mitótico (IM%= nº de células em mitose/nº de células analisadas x100). Resultados: Em análise macroscópica, observou-se no verão um crescimento de 18  1,1 raízes com 2,5  0,4 cm no ponto 1, no ponto 2 cresceram 18  1,5 raízes com comprimento de 3,2  0,3 cm, entretanto, amostras controles (40  10 raízes de 2,5  0,37 cm). No inverno, as amostras do ponto 1 não germinaram e no ponto 2 cresceram 18  1,52 raízes com 0,6  0,1 cm. Em ambas estações, as amostras apresentaram raízes amarronzadas e com deficiência no crescimento. Foi observado no verão IM 20% no ponto 1 e IM 35% no ponto 2, muito inferior ao comparar com o controle de IM 95%. No inverno, o ponto 1 não germinou e no ponto 2 foi observado IM 23%, reduzido comparando com o controle IM 94%. Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem que o Rio Pouca Saúde pode estar presentes poluentes que estão interferindo no crescimento das plantas e consequentemente podendo interferir na saúde da população ribeirinha.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of docosahexaenoic in the concentrated acid on intake, digestibility, metabolic profile and ingestive behavior of lambs diets. Five crossbred Dorper x Santa Inês lambs with initial age and body weight average of six months and 33 kg, respectively, were used in the trial. The animals were assigned into a 5×5 Latin square design and they received one of the following treatments: 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 % of microalgal product (Aurantiochytrium limacinum algae) or ALL-G Rich® in the concentrate. The diets were composed of corn silage and concentrate offered twice daily. During the experimental period, feed, water, feces, blood, and urine were sampled to calculate the intake and digestibility and to characterize the metabolic profile. The ingestive behavior was measured during 24 hours on the last day each experimental period. The time spent on feeding, ruminating and idle activities was measured. Regression analyses were performed considering 5 % of significance. There were no difference on nutrients intake, digestibility, and ingestive behavior with the inclusion of ALL-G Rich® in the diet (p>0.05). There was a significant effect on serum concentrations of cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, alkaline phosphatase and gammaglutamyl transferase, however, all metabolites remained within the range recommended for the animal category. Thus, ALL-G Rich® can be used up to 6% in the concentrate, on dry matter basis, of lambs diet without affect intake, digestibility, metabolic profile, and ingestive behavior. A proposta da pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de ácido docosahexaenóico no concentrado da dieta de cordeiros sobre o consumo, digestibilidade, perfil metabólico e comportamento ingestivo. Foram utilizadas cinco borregas mestiças (Dorper x Santa Inês) com média de 6 meses de idade e 33 kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento quadrado latino 5x5 sendo os tratamentos: 0; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5 e 6% de ALL-G Rich® no concentrado. As dietas foram compostas de silagem de milho e concentrado ofertadas duas vezes ao dia. Durante os períodos de avaliação foram mensurados e amostrados os alimento, água, fezes, sangue e urina. A partir dessas amostras foram calculados o consumo e digestibilidade. O comportamento ingestivo foi realizado durante 24 horas no último dia cada período experimental, mensurando o tempo gastos nas atividades de alimentação, ruminação e ócio. Análises de regressão foram utilizadas considerando 5% de significância. Não houve efeito significativo diante do consumo e digestibilidade de matéria seca e dos nutrientes, tal como no comportamento ingestivo com a crescente inclusão de ALL-G Rich® na dieta. Houve efeito significativo para as concentrações séricas de colesterol, lipoproteína de baixa densidade, fosfatase alcalina e gamma glutamil transferase, porém todos os metabolitos mantiveram-se dentre da faixa recomendada para categoria. Portanto, a ALL-G Rich® pode ser utilizada até 6% na matéria seca do concentrado em dietas de cordeiras sem afetar o consumo, digestibilidade, o perfil metabólico e o comportamento ingestivo.

In the Valley of Tehuacan-Cuicatlan, Cyrtocarpa procera and Bursera morelensis are located and are used in traditional medicine. In this research, several biological properties were evaluated. The methanol extracts of C. procera (MeCp) and B. morelensis (MeBm) were obtained by maceration. The antibacterial activities of the extracts were evaluated by the Kirby–Baüer disc-diffusion method. The wound healing activity was evaluated by histopathological analysis. Both extracts had a bacteriostatic effect in the Staphylococcus aureus (MeCp MIC = 0.25 mg/mL and MeBm MIC = 1 mg/mL) and the Vibrio cholerae (MeCp MIC = 1 mg/mL and MeBm MIC = 4 mg/mL). Both extracts demonstrated a wound healing efficacy similar to the reference standard (Recoveron). They also showed a high antioxidant capacity (MeCp SC50 = 5.75 μg/mL and MeBm SC50 = 4.27 μg/mL). These results are related to the concentration of phenols (MeCp = 166 and MeBm = 236.6 mg GAe/g) and flavonoids of MeCp = 16 and MeBm = 22 μg Qe/g. Both extracts, acting in a similar way in microorganisms that cause infection thanks to their antioxidant activity, favor the healing of wounds. This is the first study in which the biological properties of these two species are compared.

The objective was to evaluate the effect of propylene glycol inclusion in water pregnant ewes on energy metabolic parameters. We evaluated 28 pregnant ewes which received various levels of propylene glycol (PG) in water. These sheep were distributed in four treatments (0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5% PG) in a randomized design in a split plot design. The highest propylene glycol inclusion (3.0 and 4.5%) in the water caused linear increase in blood glucose concentration throughout the gestational period. The blood glucose concentration in sheep receiving 3% propylene glycol in water increased linearly with the increase in the collection period. On the other hand, for the sheep who received 4.5% of propylene glycol response was quadratic. The addition of propylene glycol in the pregnant sheep of water improves energy metabolic parameters, and the use of this substance it´s very important to minimize the negative energy balance at the end of pregnancy.

It was evaluated the influence of different proportions and hay particle sizes (two and ten mm) on body weight (BW), dry matter intake (DMI), physiological parameters and ingestive behaviour of sheep. The experiment was conducted in Uberlandia using five cannulated sheep, housed in metabolic cages with slatted floor. The diet was consisted of corn meal and soybean meal, mineral premix and chopped hay. The five treatments were 100% chopped hay with 10 mm; 80% with 10 mm and 20% with 2 mm; 50% with 10 mm and 50% with 2 mm; 80% with 2 mm and 20% with 10 mm and 100% with 2 mm. The forage:concentrate ratio was 30:70. There was no statistical difference in the BW, DMI, water consumption (CH2O), CH2O/DMI, fecal weight, fecal score and volume of urine. The quality of the fiber and the high amount of grain may have been decisive for these equalities. There was no significance on ruminal movements, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and rumen fluid temperature (RFT). The sampling period changed the RFT and pH. There was no significant difference between the animals in the activities of rumination, idleness, intake and chewing due to the low digestibility and feed quality.

A síntese de moléculas híbridas é uma estratégia para obtenção de moléculas mais eficientes devido à união de núcleos farmacofóricos sabidamente relacionados a uma atividade farmacológica. Na literatura, existem trabalhos que comprovam a ação anti-inflamatória dos núcleos quinolínicos e tiazolidínicos, sozinhos e associados a outros núcleos. No tratamento para combater a inflamação é utilizado principalmente anti-inflamatórios não-esteroidais (AINEs) e glicocorticoides, relacionados a efeitos adversos, sendo os principais: dano gastrointestinal e osteoporose, respectivamente. O presente trabalho tem por finalidade o planejamento, síntese e caracterização de novos derivados tiazoquinolínicos – híbrido com núcleo tiazolidínico e quinolínico – a elucidação estrutural dessas moléculas e a modulação de citocinas relacionadas a cascata inflamatória. A elucidação molecular de todos os compostos coube à técnicas de RMN¹H e ¹³C, IV, HPLC e MALDI-TOF/MS. Foram sintetizadas cinco novas moléculas híbridas da série LPSF/ZKD, após a elucidação estrutural das moléculas, três dessas, LPSF/ZKD2, LPSF/ZKD4 e LPSF/ZKD7, nas concentrações de 50μM e 100μM, foram aprovadas com viabilidade superior a 90%, no teste de citotoxicidade pela metodologia MTT. Esses mesmos compostos foram submetidos a testes de modulação das citocinas IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-6 e IL-10, titulando-as no sobrenadante de cultura de 48h de PBMCs de voluntários sadios, através da técnica de ELISA sanduíche. Na etapa de modulação de citocinas os compostos tiazoquinolínicos parecem reduzir a produção de citocinas IL-10, IL-6, IFN-γ e resultados menos expressivos para a IL-17A, nas duas concentrações, no entanto, não se encontrou significância nos valores de redução, provavelmente em decorrência da baixa amostragem, n=3. Os compostos LPSF/ZKD2 50μM e LPSF/ZKD4 100μM apresentaram melhores resultados de inibição em comparação ao mitógeno (CD3/CD28), sendo para IL-6 - 94% e 96%, enquanto para IFN-γ – 62% e 77%, respectivamente por composto. Sendo assim, por possuir perfil anti-inflamatório, esses compostos podem ser futuramente explorados em ensaios de amostras de PBMCs de pacientes com doenças inflamatórias e testes in vivo em modelo animal para uma melhor avaliação como modulador de citocinas e sua possível intervenção nessas enfermidades. The synthesis of hybrid molecules is a strategy for obtaining more efficient molecules due to the union of pharmacophoric nuclei known to be related to a pharmacological activity. In the literature, there are studies that prove the anti-inflammatory action of the quinoline and thiazolidine nuclei, alone and associated with other nuclei. In the treatment to fight inflammation is mainly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids, related to adverse effects, being the main: gastrointestinal damage and osteoporosis, respectively. The present work aims at the planning, synthesis and characterization of new thiazoquinoline derivatives - thiazolidine and quinoline nucleus hybrid - the structural elucidation of these molecules and modulation of cytokines related to the inflammatory cascade. The molecular elucidation of all compounds was performed by ¹³CRMN and ¹H, IR, HPLC and MALDI-TOF / MS techniques. Five new hybrid molecules of the LPSF/ZKD series were synthesized after the structural elucidation of the molecules, three of them, LPSF/ZKD2, LPSF/ZKD4 and LPSF/ZKD7, at concentrations of 50μM and 100μM, were approved with viability greater than 90% in the MTT cytotoxicity test. These same compounds were subjected to IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-6 and IL-10 cytokine modulation tests, titrating them to the 48h culture supernatant of PBMCs from healthy volunteers using the sandwich ELISA technique. In the cytokine modulation stage thiazoquinoline compounds appear to reduce the production of IL-10, IL-6, IFN-γ cytokines and less expressive results for IL-17A at both concentrations, however, no significance was found in the values of reduction, probably due to low sampling, n = 3. The compounds LPSF / ZKD2 50μM and LPSF / ZKD4 100μM showed better inhibition results compared to mitogen (CD3 / CD28), being for IL-6 - 94% and 96%, while for IFN-γ - 62% and 77%, respectively per compound. Therefore, due to their anti-inflammatory profile, these compounds may be further explored in PBMC sample assays from patients with inflammatory diseases and in vivo animal model tests for a better evaluation as a cytokine modulator and its possible intervention in these diseases.